Metal porch. Metal staircase to the porch

The entrance group is one of the key elements of the building, which hospitably and comfortably lets people into the house, and reliably protects the room from noise, dust, precipitation, and drafts. The architectural solution for the entrance composition can completely coincide with the style of the main building, and vice versa, be eclectic, but organically fit into the exterior. A metal porch is one of the most popular options for arranging an entrance, both in private houses and in public buildings.

In the article we will tell you what types of metal structures are most in demand for home, summer cottages, office premises. Let us give detailed instructions how to do metal porch what material to use for this, how to properly install such a ladder.

Metal porch device

A metal porch for a house, as well as structures made of other materials, requires accurate calculations, on the basis of which a construction project is drawn up. The main parameters for the porch are regulated regulatory documents, Gost and SNiPs clearly state the basic requirements for this kind outbuildings.

Metal side porch, photo of a low frame for wood trim

The upper platform from the metal profile, taking into account the floors, must be 5 cm below the door threshold, this requirement is imposed fire safety... The width of the site can be any, encircling the whole house, in the form of a terrace or veranda, or a very small patch in front of the door. The depth of the site must match the width front door multiplied by a factor of 1.5. In practice, most often a site is arranged 2 m wide, 1 m deep.

The angle of inclination of the metal porch relative to the horizon should be from 23 to 40 o, stairs with a large angle are inconvenient in operation. If necessary, you can make the rise steeper, but such structures are already becoming attached. The average width of a metal ladder is 0.8 - 1.0 m.

Steps

For comfort and ease of use, the depth of the steps (tread) for a metal porch should be located in the size range of 27-30 mm, and the height (riser) 12-22 cm, although a metal porch for a summer residence and emergency entrances can be made with narrower steps. According to the laws of ergonomics, the sum of the dimensions of the tread width and the riser height should be 45 cm.For example, if the step is 30 cm, then its height is 45-30 = 15 cm.

As for the materials for the device of the steps of a metal porch, they can be made of metal, wood, stone, etc. The most popular combination is a porch frame made of metal and wooden steps beech, oak, larch and sometimes pine.

Iron porch, full photo metal structure with forged elements

Blueprints

Based on the standards for the dimensions of a metal staircase, independent project a metal porch, where it is important to take into account not only the design of the structure, but also the location of the steps relative to the facade of the building. So, if the basement is high and you don't want to take up a lot of space in front of the house, the steps can be placed on the sides of the upper platform, or you can make a spiral or two-flight swing staircase. If the height of the metal porch is not large, then the steps are made perpendicular to the entrance door, or around the site.

The scheme of fastening steps on a metal stringer

Materials (edit)

The porch is made of metal, see the photo in the gallery, it can be made of a profiled corner, pipe, stainless steel, and even cast from cast iron. The strength of the metal ladder is in direct proportion to the selected rolled metal. A porch made of a thick-walled I-beam, beams, channel bars will turn out to be stronger than a concrete structure and much lighter.

But good rolled metal is too expensive a "pleasure", so usually metal porches are made from an equilateral corner, from an iron bar, from a professional pipe. The result is significant savings in material cost, coupled with the high strength of the product, provided that the technology is followed welding works.

Corner porch, decorated with gracefully forged railings, this solution makes the structure light, almost airy

Also, properly crafted metal carcass for the porch will never crack, unlike concrete structures... Also, an iron porch has a number of advantages over a wooden one: it is not susceptible to fungal attack, is not afraid of bugs and microorganisms. Metal wings are afraid of corrosion, so that they last as long as possible, they should be carefully treated with anti-corrosion compounds.

Foundation

As we have already noted, a welded porch from a corner or shaped pipe weighs much less than concrete and even some wooden structures, therefore, for a metal ladder, it is necessary to arrange a buried foundation. If this is not done, then the heaving of the soil in winter period will simply push the structure upward, deforming the entire entrance group.

Making a buried foundation is a laborious process that requires significant financial investments. A trench should be prepared for a tape or pits for a columnar base. The depth should be 30 cm more than the level of soil freezing, each region has its own indicators. In order not to increase the cost of building a metal porch, it is advisable to use pile foundation, the device of which does not require excavation.

Important: To install the porch of a private house made of metal with your own hands, you can drive the piles yourself or buy screw ones and screw them using a drill machine. The distance between the piles should be no more than 2 m.

But if there are rocks on your site, then you will have to lay a strip foundation. You will have to dig a trench around the entire perimeter and under the partitions of the metal frame, a depth below the level of freezing of the soil, plus 30-40 cm for the device of a sand and crushed stone pillow. Next, make the crate, lay the reinforcing frame, and pour concrete F150, B15. After that, in order to load the base, you will have to wait for the complete formation concrete mortar, and this is at least 28 days, under ideal conditions. In addition, the strip foundation cannot be poured in winter, but the piles can be screwed in.

Instructions on how to weld a metal porch

Usually, for summer cottages and private houses, the metal frame for the porch is made by hand from an equilateral corner of 40 * 40 mm, if the porch is made of a profile pipe, then you need to choose rolled products with a cross section of 20 * 40, 40 * 40, 45 * 45 mm. The thickness of the metal must be at least 3 mm.

To make a welded porch with your own hands strong and stand for more than a dozen years, first of all, you should take up the foundation, what kind of foundation is decided on the basis of geodetic research, we will focus on the pile. The drawings are transferred to the terrain, the perimeter is marked with columns, the cord is pulled, the geometry of the markings is checked, the angles must be strictly 90 °, unless otherwise provided by the design.

The kosour scheme from the corners for a small ladder

Piles are driven in at the corners of the upper platform, and at the corners of the last, lowest step. If the width of the metal porch is more than 2 meters, then the piles are also arranged in the middle, between the already driven ones. Watch the vertical, check the level of each pile. When the length of the metal ladder is more than 3 m, intermediate vertical supports are also driven in, for the strength of the structure, so that no sagging occurs during operation.

The length of the piles on the outside for the upper platform should correspond to the height of the porch minus the deck and the thickness of the platform frame. For the last step, the length of the outer part of the pile can be flush with the ground, or protrude slightly, if provided by the project.

If the piles are short, they are trimmed flush with the ground and welded to them. metal racks the desired height, which will hold the metal frame. Piles or posts along the perimeter of the upper platform, as well as the lower ones, should be tied together with a corner or channel along the heads in order to preserve the geometry of the welded metal porch.

The metal porch described in the article

When the base is ready, the distance along the hypotenuse from the upper platform to the lower pile is measured, then the rolled metal of the required length is sawn off, this is the side part of the ladder (bowstring) onto which the steps will be welded. Requires 2 bowstrings, cut out the parts and weld them to the already finished structure.

• the size of the steps;
• the size of the steps;
• a size equal to the width of the stairs.

The number of blanks should be equal to the number of steps multiplied by 2.

Important: To make sure of the high quality of welding, the seam is smeared with kerosene on one side, and with a chalk suspension on a chalk base on the other. The procedure must be done 2 times, with a period of 10 minutes. If at subzero temperatures no spots appear at the joints in a few hours, then the quality of welding meets the highest requirements.

Blanks different kind(riser and tread) are welded together along the contour strictly at a right angle, you should get L-shaped parts. Since we took the corner as a basis, do not forget about the left and right sides.

The assembly of the metal porch begins from the bottom step. Weld the L-shaped piece along the contour to the left bowstring, measure out the horizontal, do the same operation with the right bowstring. Next, we connect the upper corner of the elements with an equal-flange corner, which is welded to two elements along the contour, with shelves inward. The bottom of the steps ( inner corner) we connect in the same way, but with the shelves outward. The rest of the steps are welded using the same algorithm.

Lightweight metal porch without foundation

When the metal frame is ready, you can install steps from different materials. The floor is laid on the upper platform. Then, if necessary, the railings are welded for safety, and a visor is attached to protect the metal porch from precipitation. The finishing of the entire structure depends on the design of the entrance group. All metal parts and seams are cleaned of scale, oil stains and rust, and covered with paint for outdoor use.

Metal competes successfully with wood as a building material for porches. The main advantage of a metal porch is its high carrying capacity and a very long service life. Metal wings can be conditionally divided into three types: forged, prefabricated and welded.

We will talk about the latter today. You will learn how to make a metal porch from a corner and a shaped pipe. The constructions described below are very simple; it will not be at all difficult to make them.

We build a porch from a corner

The metal corner is very widely used for the construction of all kinds of structures, both inside the house and outside. In this section, we will tell you how to build a welded porch from a corner with your own hands. Before starting work, you need to prepare a draft of the metal structure that you are going to erect.

Assembling the frame of a metal porch

In accordance with a previously prepared drawing / project, we cut a metal corner, from which we need to weld two frame frames, an upper and a lower one. The figure shows that the upper frame has a web. Here it is alone, but when designing a real porch, it must be borne in mind that such lintels should be located at the rate of one per 50-60 cm. The same applies to vertical lintels. Thus, the necessary rigidity is provided to the porch from the corner.

First, we bait one long and one wide side of the rectangle with a pair of points, then we check with a square and a level. We repeat these procedures with the other two segments. Again, for several points, we collect these two corners into a rectangle. Now we check the level again and carry out the capital welding of the frame. Where necessary, we weld jumpers onto the metal porch frame.

Metal porch device: first, we assemble the upper and lower frames

Next, you need to assemble the resulting frames into one piece. Weld in the corners of the top vertical posts: grab - check - cook "permanently". Then, on the racks, in the same way, in several stages, we fasten the lower frame. We finish on the metal frame the right amount vertical jumpers. Now, again with the help of welding, we fasten the structure to the legs, which are concreted in the ground. The metal porch for the house is ready. It remains to attach a flight of stairs to it.

The porch of a private house, made of metal. Assembling the frame from the corner

Assembling a staircase for a porch from a metal corner

For construction, we need a corner of 75 and 50 mm, wooden treads, self-tapping screws and welding machine... You also need to prepare boards for the flooring of the porch flooring. Upon completion of construction, we will receive a porch similar to what you see in the next photo. By the way, the floor on the site and the treads can be made from reinforcement bars welded onto the base.

A side porch, metal. Photo of a structure with wooden treads

We cook triangles from a corner (50 mm): side A should be perpendicular to the ground and have a height of 14-16 cm; the angle AB should be equal to 90 degrees; the length of side B is 18-20 cm. To find out the angle of side B, we pull a string from the lower stair support to the upper edge of the porch platform, and measure its angle relative to the ground. On side B, we drill holes for self-tapping screws, which will be used to fasten the treads.

We measure the distance from the lower stair support to the upper edge of the porch platform, according to this measurement we cut out two parts from the corner (75 mm). We mount the resulting triangles on them, side B down. We make the distance 50 mm. Thus, we got two kosour for flight of stairs... We cook them to the lower support and porch platform.

Ladder from a triangular metal profile

Next, we cook from the profile pipe and fittings and install a simple fence for the platform and a railing on the stairs. Then the entire structure will need to be painted or coated with any protective compound that will prevent the formation of rust on the metal. After the porch has dried, we install the treads and the floor covering in place.

Profile pipe porch

Due to the structural features, the profile pipe is stiffer than the corner, and therefore structures made of it are able to withstand significant loads. In addition, high porches can be made from the pipe, as in the following photo. For the supports, we take square profiles with a cross section of 50-60 mm, for the frame - theirs, or rectangular 60x40. For assembling the stairs, square profiles, 35-40 mm, are suitable.

Assembling the platform of the metal porch

First of all, we need to concrete in the ground the supports for the porch landing. They are deepened by about 40-50 cm, this must be taken into account when calculating the number of profiles. After the concrete hardens under the supports, you can begin to weld the metal porch.

We cook the frame for the site on the ground, checking in the process with a square and a level. When everything is ready, we raise it on the supports, we make money. We check with the level, and, if necessary, correct the position of the frame with a canvas. We weld the frame thoroughly. If the width of the porch has large area, then you will have to additionally add one or more jumpers. We install the frame on the supports, weld it on, and then we clean the seams from scale.

We are building a porch of metal. Photo of the process of welding a frame from a professional pipe

Important: when concreting the supports, the front row is deepened about a centimeter lower than the back row. Thus, you organize the necessary slope of the site, which will ensure the outflow of rain and melt water from it. Remember that water retention on the porch can lead to icing on the porch and create injury hazardous situations.

Porch ladder made of metal profile pipe

You can make a staircase to the metal frame for the porch according to the instructions given for building from a corner: with the assembly of stringers. However, you can do without them. The ladder is assembled as follows:

• We prepare and weld the blue elements together.
• We cook the lower frame, in the diagram it is yellow.
• We connect all the details with the elements marked in orange.

We make a metal porch for a summer residence or a residential building: assembling a staircase

For treads, you can use boards or reinforcing bars, welded parallel to each other. As a flooring on a metal porch, you can also use boards and fittings. Sometimes solid or perforated metal sheets are used. The latter are preferable, since they do not retain water. Fences and railings can be made independently, from the same profile pipe and fittings, as in the photo.

The porch is iron. Photo of the building from a profile pipe

Porches in front of private houses can be made of a variety of materials. Mostly they are erected from concrete, wood or metal. The latter option is somewhat technologically difficult to manufacture. However, all efforts to assemble a metal porch will certainly pay off.

Such outdoor stairs are cheaper than concrete ones and are considered much more reliable and durable than wooden ones. Read about the advantages of a metal porch and how to build such a structure yourself in the article.

Advantages of metal covers

Metal porches have the following advantages:

1. Durability and strength. Metal does not rot or be damaged by insects like wood. In addition, it does not crumble or crack like concrete;
2. Relative cheapness. A porch made of a corner or a pipe will cost more than a wooden one, but cheaper than a concrete one;
3. Aesthetic appearance... Of course, in order to make the iron porch beautiful, you will need to paint it correctly. Those who are familiar with the blacksmith's craft will have no difficulty in assembling an unusually original, prestigious and beautiful staircase for a summer residence, finished with forged elements.

On a note: If desired, an iron porch can also be trimmed with plastic, wood or even tiles.

1. Versatility. The device of a porch made of metal is sometimes advisable not only for a concrete, but also for a wooden house.

In the event that you have a welding machine, it will be possible to assemble a street ladder from a professional pipe and a corner in no more than a couple of days. If you do everything by adhering to the established technologies, you get a reliable and beautiful welded porch:

How to weld a metal porch

A metal porch for a summer residence can be made of shaped pipes (from 50 * 50mm) or a steel corner (from 50 * 50mm). Very strong and reliable structures are obtained from this material.

Material selection

For the manufacture of street stairs usually use steel pipes and corners. It is very easy to cook them and they are not expensive. However, if you do not want to paint the structure every year, you should purchase a galvanized version of the metal.

Metal porch. Photo of a simple galvanized structure

Important: For the manufacture of bowstrings and racks of a small porch for a house, you can use a pipe from 50 * 50mm or a channel.

Ladder calculation

Before starting welding work, you should draw up a project for a metal porch for a house with a visor and railings. In this case, you need to correctly calculate the height of the staircase itself, as well as the number and size of steps.

According to the standards, the angle of inclination of the stairs of a residential building should not exceed 45g. The most convenient steps are considered to be 30 cm deep and 17 cm high. There should be at least two of them in the march. The length of the ladder is determined according to its height and angle of inclination. The first parameter is equal to the height of the base to the threshold of the door minus 3 cm. The optimal width of the march is 110 cm. The distance between the balusters according to the standards is a maximum of 15 cm. Railing height - not less than 90cm.

The steepness of the slope of the street stairs of a residential building should not be more than 45g

Installing racks

So let's see how to make a metal porch. The first step is to install the porch struts. TO concrete base screw on anchor bolts a piece of a thick corner equal to the width of the porch. Further, at a distance of the depth of the upper platform, two profile pipes 50 * 80mm are driven into the ground to a depth of half a meter and concreted. Then, the frame of the upper platform is welded from stainless steel (from a pipe of 70 * 70mm) and welded with one side to the racks, and the other to the wall.

The posts of a metal street ladder must be dug into the ground.

Arrangement of a concrete cushion under the march

A porch made of a profile pipe is installed on a concrete pad. A pit about half a meter deep is dug in the ground and formwork is placed. A sand "pillow" with a thickness of at least 10 cm (according to SNiP) is laid on the bottom and carefully spilled with water from a hose.

A concrete pad is poured with mandatory reinforcement

Next, a five-centimeter layer of rubble is laid and carefully leveled. Then the bottom of the pit is poured with concrete 5 cm thick. Set on the hardened concrete reinforcement cage, connected from a rod of 12mm.

After installing the frame, you can start pouring the pillow. The concrete should be laid in layers of several tens of centimeters with tamping.

The porch is metal. Photo of the finished concrete pad

Setting the bowstring

Metal is a very durable material. Therefore, the owners country houses often they arrange metal porches with only one bowstring. This saves you some money. In this case, supports under the steps are pre-welded onto the bowstring. They are made from a steel angle bent at an angle.

Ladder on one string. The porch in front of the house can be made in the same way.

Advice: In one of the corner shelves, a triangular cutout of 90g is preliminarily made. Then it is inserted into a vice and bent at right angles.

However, more often the frame of the porch of a private house made of metal has two bowstrings from a profile pipe or channel. At one end they are welded to the upper frame of the platform, and at the other end they are supported on a concrete pad. After that, with inside each bowstring is welded with strips of steel angle in an amount equal to the number of steps.

For the manufacture of a bowstring of a metal staircase, a channel and a corner are often used.

How to make steps

Steps are welded from a steel corner 50 * 50mm. You can connect parts of such a frame with your own hands in different ways. After that, each step is welded to the "supports" on the bowstring and at the same time to its surface. Thus, you get a very durable welded porch with your own hands.

You can make steps in a slightly different way. To each frame, simply welded uprights from a corner equal to the height of the riser length. Further, these racks are tacked to the frame of the lower step and at the same time to the side surface of the bowstring. In this case, part of the frame of each step is also welded on both sides.

Metal steps are usually made in the form of a frame with welded uprights

Sheathing of steps

Thus, you now know how to weld a metal porch. Next, let's see how to make the stairs. For treads, you need to use a board at least 3 cm thick. Risers can be made of material and thinner (from 2cm). The boards are fastened not to self-tapping screws, but to bolts and nuts. Otherwise, in the future, they may become loose.

The porch is iron. Photo of a structure with wooden steps

Advice: For the steps, it is worth choosing only wear-resistant wood species. For example, it can be oak or ash. A budget pine tree is also not bad for this purpose.

After that, you can start welding the balusters of the handrails and handrails. The porch of a private house made of metal should be covered with a visor. Its frame can also be made from a pipe. Sheathed it with either polycarbonate or profiled sheet.

Porch painting

The non-galvanized metal frame of the porch must be painted without fail. Finishing in this case is carried out in several steps:

1. All welded seams are grinded with a grinder;
2. Metal surfaces are primed;
3. After the primer is dry, two layers of paint are applied to them. In this case, you can use oil or enamel.

At the last stage, cooked metal ladder painted with enamel

Wooden steps can be painted with alkyd enamel or coated with colored or colorless oil.

As you can see, making a porch frame made of metal is not too difficult. Sometimes bolted joints are used instead of welding. If you wish, you can try this method.

Do you want to build your own porch? No problem! Whether concrete, even wooden, or even metal - choose any. In this case, the metal will be made with a beautiful canopy roof made of

Building a concrete porch

Reliable, durable and generally solid construction.

Choosing sizes

Sizes of steps: a - normal; b - cross-country

Usually a porch consists of several steps. Our task is to choose the best dimensions for the structure.

The optimal width of the stairs is 80-100 cm. If possible, the width should be increased - so the porch will be more comfortable and beautiful. Reducing is undesirable.

The permissible angle of inclination of the stairs is from 27 to 45 degrees.

Step width, mm	Step height, mm	The angle of inclination of the march, deg.
400	100	14
380	110	16
360	120	18
340	130	21
320	140	23
300	150	25
280	160	29
260	170	33
240	180	37
220	190	40
200	200	45

We make the steps equal to about 25 cm in width, 12-20 cm in height, depending on who will use the porch. Children and the elderly? We make the steps lower. Mainly young and energetic users? We can increase the height of the steps.

We equip the upper platform so that it is about 50 mm below the end of the entrance door.

Fill the foundation for the porch

We dig a foundation pit around the perimeter of the future porch. Depth - from 50 cm.

We install the formwork around the perimeter of the foundation.

We fill the bottom of the pit with a 20-centimeter layer of gravel and tamp it. Pour a 10 cm layer of sand on top. We spill water for better ramming.

We cover the site with roofing material. We lay a reinforcing mesh (the recommended mesh size is 10x10 cm) and. You can prepare the solution yourself. The proportions are standard:

• cement - 1 part;
• sand - part 3;
• crushed stone - 5 parts.

Pour concrete. We align the fill, pierce it with fittings in several places to release excess air. We leave the concrete for a few days for the initial set of strength.

Prices for cement and base mixes

Cement and base mixes

We install the formwork

We construct the formwork for the steps. For this we use thick plywood. The height of the formwork should be 20 cm higher than the height of the future porch.

The principle is simple: we cut out the formwork elements along the height of each step and install them in the appropriate places. We pull the shields together with metal plates, wooden blocks or other suitable fasteners.

Important! The side shields need to be reinforced with additional stiffeners.

The steps must be reinforced. In this case, the reinforcement must be laid and installed in all three planes. Even more convenient option- weld a frame in the form of a future staircase and build a formwork around it. Do as you like.

Fill the steps

Lubricate the inner walls of the formwork with oil. Thanks to this, in the future we will be able to remove it without much effort.

We prepare the solution for pouring in the same way as the mixture for the foundation-site.

We fill the staircase in stages, from the first step. Let each step dry slightly, and only after that fill the next one. In this case, you need to install additional elements formwork on the front side of the steps. In length, these elements must correspond to the width of the stairs. We make the height the same as that of the step itself.

Important! The side of the formwork in contact with must be as smooth as possible.

We carefully level the poured concrete and pierce it with reinforcement in several places.

We remove the formwork in at least 7-10 days. In conclusion, we just have to fulfill finishing steps. We can revet them with stone or tiles, lay them down and carry out any other finishing at our discretion.

We install the railings at will. The height of the handrails is from 90 cm. You can use next option... It is also suitable for metal and wooden porch(in this case we will replace metal elements wooden).

We install support posts made of metal pipes in the lower and upper parts of the porch. It is advisable to choose the length so that the slope of the railing corresponds to the slope of the stairs. We connect the upper and lower ends of the racks with pipes of a slightly smaller section. We use welding.

The top tube will take over the handrail function. We use any kind of rolled metal to fill the space between our pipes. We install the elements with any gap. In this moment, everything completely depends on your preferences and imagination.

After installing the structure, we clean the metal elements and prime them in 2 layers. This treatment will increase the lifespan of the railing.

Such a porch will go well with almost any home.

Making the foundation

In general, the foundation is equipped in the same way as in the case of concrete porch, with only one difference: at the same stage it is necessary to install supports for the future visor.

It is better to install supports in each corner of the future visor - this way the structure will be as stable as possible. If the porch is large, we make supports along the length of its walls in increments of no more than 2 m.

Dig holes about one and a half meters deep for each support. They will perfectly cope with the role of supports metal pipes... We insert the pipe into the hole and fill it with concrete.

Also, supports can be made from a bursa. The procedure is the same, but preliminary lower part the timber must be wrapped with roofing material or tarred and additionally impregnated with an antiseptic.

At the same stage, we install supports for the future stairs. In the same way, we dig holes, put metal racks in them and pour concrete. It is unlikely that the porch will have a staircase that is too long, so it will be enough to install supports at the bottom and top of the structure. For more confidence, we can install them in the middle of the span.

The further procedure, up to the stage of pouring concrete, remains the same as in the instructions for arranging a site for a concrete porch.

At the stage of pouring, we take into account that we will need to slightly drown the staircase structure in the solution. We fill it not to the very top of the site - we leave about a 100-300 mm gap (depending on the dimensions of the structure being equipped and its features).

Then, after the installation of the metal structure, we will fill the foundation pit to the very top.

Drawing according to the plan of the house

Cook the ladder

We take two metal channels. We weld them to the previously installed and concreted supports. In the future, we will weld rolled products for steps to these products.

We take an equal metal corner. We cut it to the selected length of the steps, increased by the length of the weld. We weld a metal corner along the contour.

We get products in the shape of the letter G. We connect them together. At the top, we connect these G-elements using an equal angle corner. To do this, we weld it along the contour to both products, placing the shelves inward. To connect the bottom of the steps, we use a similar corner, but place it with shelves outward.

To fill the steps, we can use different material such as wood and plywood. We fasten it with self-tapping screws, screwing them from the bottom side. For additional fastening of wooden elements, we use silicone and ordinary glue.

In general, finish the stairs at your discretion. If you wish, you do not have to close up the horizontal openings, but simply mount the cladding directly on the steps.

Prices for popular models of welding machines

Welders

We make a visor

We installed the racks for the frame at the stage of arranging the foundation. Next, we work in this order.

We install transverse supports according to the dimensions of the frame. If you wish, we can make a canopy curved... To do this, it is enough to cut the profile with a step of about 4 cm and bend it to the desired level. The advantage of the curved canopy is that precipitation and various debris will not linger on it.

We put it on the frame and fix it with self-tapping screws. We maintain a fixing step equal to 300 mm. We glue the edges. This completes the canopy.

We build the foundation

– the best solution for a wooden house porch. Such a foundation is simple and quick to set up, but at the same time very reliable.

Digging holes at the pile installation points - in the corners of the future porch and along the length of its edges with a step of 80-100 cm. The depth of such holes is from 80 cm. Optimally - below the freezing point of the soil.

We treat the support bar with an antiseptic, wrap its lower part with roofing material, and then insert it into the pits. Fill the vertically aligned timber in the pits with concrete.

Let the concrete harden and proceed to further activities.

We mount the lags

If necessary, we cut off the tops of the timber so that all the piles are at the same level. We calculate the height of the supports so that after laying the site between it and the entrance door, there remains about a 5-centimeter difference in height.

We attach the logs to the supports and the wall of the house in a suitable way(self-tapping screws, dowels, etc., depending on the wall material).

Making a kosour (bowstring)

We are starting to manufacture the bearing part of the staircase. We will attach the steps to it. That is, the bowstring is the side edge of the steps.

To make a bowstring, we use wooden planks with a thickness of 5 cm. We take a board and draw steps on it. We cut out the workpieces with a jigsaw or a saw.

We fasten the bowstring with the lags with a thorn-groove connection.

We decorate the platform and steps

We fasten or nail the planks of the site to the logs. If desired, lay on top of the boards some topcoat- we focus on our preferences.

We attach risers and treads to the string. We start working from the bottom step. The procedure is simple: we fix the riser, fix the tread on it and so on until the end. For fixing, we use self-tapping screws or a thorn-groove connection.

Equip the railings and visor at your discretion. The installation instructions for these elements were given earlier. The sequence remains the same, you just need to replace support elements and cladding parts for similar products of wood or other preferred material.

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Construction boards

Happy work!

Video - Do-it-yourself porch at home

Metal is one of the first materials mastered by man on planet Earth, and an excellent basis for creativity.

It is used not only to build trusses for bridges or cars, but also to "cook" stairs for the porch.

Talking about metal like oh building material, it is necessary to list both the advantages and disadvantages. Among the advantages, we highlight:

• the possibility of processing, giving any shape. With the appropriate skills and tools from a sheet, square or round rods, you can create a real masterpiece;
• increased strength. If you follow the technology, do not save on thickness, a metal staircase or porch will withstand decades of intensive use;
• temperature changes, insects, rodents - not a cause for concern when using metal structures;
• the possibility of combining with glass, ceramics, wood, stone and other decorative materials.

Disadvantages of metal stairs

In fairness, it is necessary to note the negative features. metal steps... Most of them are reverse sides positive characteristics:

• metal is subject to processing: welding, cutting, bending. But without sufficient experience and diligence, the product will turn out to be clumsy and unsightly in appearance. If welding or assembly is performed by an inexperienced worker, then the construction through a short time will be unusable;
• metal stairs can withstand temperature extremes, exposure to ultraviolet radiation. But to protect against water, you must either initially choose a metal with an anti-corrosion treatment, or constantly tint or varnish. In the first case, the design significantly increases the cost, in the second, the owner is faced with the need to monitor the appearance of corrosion. The best remedy protection from rain or snow - a canopy or canopy, if it comes O ;
• good strength characteristics turn into significant costs for the purchase of metal and auxiliary elements directly - welding wire, electrodes, fasteners and others.

Expert opinion

Sergey Yurievich

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If we accept in fact that negative traits if they can be leveled to one degree or another, then metal is an excellent material for the construction of street stairs.

The main types of metal stairs

The modern construction industry offers several degree options:

• only the frame is made of metal. For the decoration of treads, railings, wood, stone, etc. are used;
• the whole structure is made of metal.

If we talk about the shape of the stairs, then the most commonly used are:

• screw;
• angular, U-shaped;
• with one or more flights in one line.

Each of the options deserves a separate consideration.

Frame type ladder

There are open (draft) and closed frames:

• an open or rough version assumes that stringers, balusters, frames for treads are made of metal. In a word, those elements that will not be visible when moving. On top, steps made of wood, stone, tiles are laid. The "rough" option is ideal for those who do not have sufficient skills in welding or cutting metal. Facing decorative elements hide not too even seams;
• a closed frame is characterized by the fact that absolutely all elements are made of metal. If you are confident in your abilities, you believe that you can do everything perfectly accurately, this option should be considered seriously.

In the case of a closed frame, do not forget about winters with heavy snowfalls, thaws and ice. In order not to get injured on your own porch, it is better to make steps from steel sheet with notches or cover in winter with special rubber resistant to low temperatures.

Semicircular or spiral staircases

Spiral staircases have attractive design occupy less space than standard marching ones.

There are the following main types of screw structures:

• as a basis, one kosour in the form of a spiral is used. It will not be possible to bend the channel or I-beam on your own in the required way. It is better to buy ready-made or order bending for industrial enterprise engaged in metalworking. The cost of the structure in this case increases many times over;
• alternative to kosour - central support post... On him, as in children's designer sleeves with welded-on step platforms and intermediate fasteners are strung. The reliability of the finished structure depends entirely on the quality of the source material;

It is important to highlight the disadvantages screw version noteworthy:

• more complex installation, requiring the involvement of specialists;
• beauty turns into inconvenience in operation. 2 people cannot move in parallel on the spiral staircase. Lifting or lowering furniture becomes an insoluble problem;
• before starting work, it is necessary to carry out careful calculations due to the complexity of the design. In particular, in order not to experience discomfort, the vertical distance between successively located turns should be at least 2 meters. A standard porch is rarely that high above ground level.

If we talk about installing on the street, then spiral staircase recommended if it is necessary to organize a rise to the second floor and above, but there is no place for a full-fledged marching option.

Corner staircase

The corner modification assumes the presence of two flights of stairs and one turn with an intermediate platform touching two walls of the building. The main difficulty is ensuring reliability due to channels or I-beams mounted in bearing structures... There is also a definite advantage - there is no need for additional retaining columns under the platform. Use the free space at your discretion.

Stairways in the simplest version are made on the basis of two channels with welded on transverse steps. If there is a desire to obtain a more sophisticated design, the channels are shifted to the center, connected together, and closed from prying eyes with a welded or bent box. In this case Special attention paid to fixing the degrees to avoid distortions. One side facing the wall is additionally secured with anchor bolts or corners, hiding them under the treads.

Expert opinion

Sergey Yurievich

Construction of houses, outbuildings, terraces and verandas.

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When choosing a specific type, consider your own preferences, the style of the building, and your capabilities, and comfort in use. Once the choice is made, proceed to the development of the drawing.

Design phase

The main mistake of most owners of private houses - they remember the stairs when the walls have already been erected, the porch is laid out. And we have to proceed from what is. There may simply not be room for placing steps with dimensions according to SNiP. The result is higher than recommended steps, significant incline and discomfort in use.

In order not to later regret the wasted money, it is necessary to think about the construction of a staircase at the design stage and take into account the following points:

• the railing is located above the steps at a height of 0.85-0.95 meters;
• step width - 0.3-0.4 meters. It is not recommended to do more, since each step will have to be overcome in 2 steps;
• riser height - 0.18-0.2 meters;
• the slope is within 26-400. Less is not recommended as the stairs will take up a lot of space. With a greater slope, the structure will be very steep, inconvenient to use;
• the porch area should be located a few centimeters below the threshold of the front door. This factor affects the height of the flight of stairs;
• the optimal number of steps is odd.

Drawing development allows you to determine how the stairs will look in finished form, what material and in what volume will have to be purchased, how to attach it to the porch. In the standard version, you will need a channel, a welding machine, a 70x70 or 40x40 angle, fasteners, screwdrivers, and more.

If you don't have your own experience design work, it is better to contact a specialist architect. It is important not to forget that a metal staircase has significant weight. If it is not taken into account in the design process of the entire building, subsequently unplanned additional stress will lead to cracks in the facade.

DIY metal ladder construction

In the simplest case, a metal ladder consists of two bowstrings from a channel or I-beam with a width of 150 mm or more with transverse steps.

There are two main ways to place steps:

• "Filly" - supporting elements of a triangular shape from a corner (40x40) or reinforcement (diameter no more than 10 mm);
• tread supports are attached to the inner surface of the composite bowstring (welded from two 70x70 angle pieces). Optimum thickness corner - 5 mm.

Each of the methods has both pros and cons. Among the advantages of "filly" is the lack of complex elements, the ability to make all the parts yourself with minimal experience in welding. The steps can be made wide enough - up to 2 meters by adding an intermediate third channel. A relative disadvantage is the high cost of the material.

The staircase on compound bowstrings looks presentable, takes up less space due to the steps "recessed" in the structure. The disadvantage is the complexity in manufacturing and assembly. At the slightest inaccuracy, the design will turn out to be distorted. Correcting is tantamount to making a new one.

Treads made of wood, stone, tiles are attached when the base is completely ready. This will help avoid accidental damage. The edges are carefully polished to eliminate nicks, chips and scratches. The dimensions of all decorative details are measured. Outwardly, the difference of 5-10 mm between the treads may not be noticeable, but in general the staircase will look sloppy. Everything wooden elements treated with septic tanks from rot, insects, painted or varnished.

Expert opinion

Sergey Yurievich

Construction of houses, outbuildings, terraces and verandas.

Ask an expert

It is better to weld the corners under the treads from the side facing downward, so that there are no influxes of metal from above. Otherwise, it will be difficult to fix wood or concrete treads. You will have to spend extra time cleaning the surfaces.

Fixing the bottom end of the ladder

When installing a flight of stairs, it is important to ensure its stability. The guarantee of the immobility of the lower extremity will be a strip-type foundation with a depth of up to 50 cm, a sand and gravel cushion and mandatory reinforcement. The main plus this method- no load is created on the supporting structures of the main building.
If the soil on the site is unstable, clayey, in addition to the foundation, it is recommended to equip piles up to 90 cm deep directly under the bowstrings or stringers with additional embedding with anchor bolts.

Fixing the top end of the ladder

The upper part of the structure is welded either to the porch or to a small area in front of a door, a cantilever wall beam, or a specially built brick support.

The main problem is to ensure the reliability of the porch structure. They solve it by:

• embedded I-beams 150 mm thick. But this option must be considered at the design stage of the house. Flaw - maximum length the porch should not exceed 300 cm;
• construction of supports made of bricks, asbestos-cement pipes, foam blocks and other materials. The result is that a porch with steps is not attached to the building in any way, does not create a load on the foundation. Disadvantage: with ground movements, spring rise groundwater the gap between the porch structure and the wall is significantly increased.

Regardless of the type of porch, it is important to respect the dimensions. From the top step to the edge open door should be at least 50 cm. Otherwise, you will have to step back, and in winter it is easy to slip on a slippery surface and get injured.

Making fences and railings with your own hands

For indoor staircases, handrails (handrails and balusters) are made of chrome-plated steel. In street conditions, the shine of the "stainless steel" is not very appropriate. It is replaced with reinforcing rods welded to the channels or the corners of the bowstring. With sufficient experience in welding, you can create a real work of art from a square or rectangular section with a side of no more than 20 mm and a wall thickness of 1.5-2.5 mm.

If you wish and if you have a sufficient amount of money, you can order forged railings and fences from a specialized company to give entrance group special charm and sophistication. But it is important to remember that the weight of the "forging" is significant, you will need an additional profile for attaching the balusters.

Metal is durable and reliable material... But in the conditions cold winter he has a bad "habit" of being covered with ice. It is better to use wood for making handrails. It is more pleasant to touch it in frosty weather.

Conclusion

- an expensive and exclusive thing. It cannot be done badly, as the whole house will look bad. You will have to try a lot so that the welds do not stick out, so that all the parts fit perfectly. Subsequently, the surfaces will have to be periodically treated with anti-corrosion compounds.
But! If you manage to do everything as it should, the metal staircase with your own hands will become " business card"For many years. You will be able to proudly show it to everyone and listen to sighs of envy.