Maximum pipe length for warm floor. How to calculate the length of the pipe for a warm floor

The most common way to implement systems underfloor heating are monolithic concrete floors made by the so-called “wet” method. The construction of the floor is a “layer cake” of various materials (fig. 1).

Fig. 1 Laying underfloor heating loops with a single coil

The installation of the underfloor heating system begins with the preparation of the surface for the installation of the underfloor heating. The surface must be leveled, irregularities in the area must not exceed ± 5 mm. Irregularities and protrusions of no more than 10 mm are allowed. If necessary, the surface is leveled with an additional screed. Failure to comply with this requirement can lead to “airing” of the pipes. If in the room below high humidity it is advisable to lay a waterproofing (plastic film).

After leveling the surface, it is necessary to lay a damper tape with a width of at least 5 mm along the side walls to compensate for the thermal expansion of the underfloor heating monolith. It should be laid along all walls framing the room, racks, door frames, bends, etc. The tape should protrude at least 20 mm above the planned height of the floor structure.

Then a layer of thermal insulation is laid to prevent heat leakage into the lower rooms. It is recommended to use foam materials (polystyrene, polyethylene, etc.) with a density of at least 25 kg / m 3 as thermal insulation. If it is impossible to lay thick layers of thermal insulation, then in this case foil-clad thermal insulation materials 5 or 10 mm thick. It is important that foil-clad thermal insulation materials have protective film on aluminum. Otherwise, alkaline environment the concrete screed destroys the foil layer within 3-5 weeks.

The pipes are laid out with a certain pitch and in the desired configuration. In this case, it is recommended that the supply pipeline should be laid closer to the outer walls.

When laying “single coil” (fig. 2), the temperature distribution of the floor surface is not uniform.

Fig. 2 Laying underfloor heating loops with a single coil

In spiral laying (Fig. 3), pipes with opposite flow directions alternate, with the hottest section of the pipe adjacent to the coldest one. This leads to even distribution temperature on the floor surface.

Fig. 3 Laying underfloor heating loops in a spiral.

The pipe is laid according to the markings applied to the heat insulator, with anchor brackets every 0.3 - 0.5 m, or between special protrusions of the heat insulator. The laying step is calculated and lies in the range from 10 to 30 cm, but should not exceed 30 cm, otherwise uneven heating of the floor surface will occur with the appearance of warm and cold stripes. Areas near the outer walls of a building are called boundary zones. Here it is recommended to reduce the pipe spacing in order to compensate for heat loss through the walls. The length of one loop (loop) of a warm floor should not exceed 100–120 m, the pressure loss per loop (together with fittings) should not exceed 20 kPa; the minimum speed of water movement is 0.2 m / s (to avoid the formation of air jams in the system).

After laying out the hinges, immediately before pouring the screed, the system is pressurized at a pressure of 1.5 from the working pressure, but not less than 0.3 MPa.

When pouring a cement-sand screed, the pipe must be under a water pressure of 0.3 MPa at room temperature. Minimum height the fill above the pipe surface must be at least 3 cm (the maximum recommended height, according to European standards - 7 cm). Cement-sand mixture must be at least 400 grade with plasticizer. It is recommended to “vibrate” the screed after pouring. With a length monolithic slab more than 8 m or an area of ​​more than 40 m 2, it is necessary to provide seams between the plates minimum thickness 5 mm, to compensate for the thermal expansion of the monolith. When pipes pass through the seams, they must have a protective sheath at least 1 m long.

The system is started up only after the concrete has completely dried (approximately 4 days per 1 cm of the screed thickness). The water temperature when starting the system must be at room temperature. After starting the system, daily increase the temperature of the supplied water by 5 ° C to working temperature.

Basic temperature requirements for underfloor heating systems

Recommended average temperature the floor surface should be taken no higher (according to SNiP 41-01-2003, p. 6.5.12):
• 26 ° С for premises with constant presence of people
• 31 ° С for rooms with temporary stay of people and bypass paths of swimming pools
• Floor surface temperature along the axis heating element in childcare facilities, residential buildings and swimming pools should not exceed 35 ° C

According to SP 41-102-98, the temperature difference in certain areas of the floor should not exceed 10 ° C (optimally 5 ° C). The temperature of the coolant in the underfloor heating system should not exceed 55 ° C (SP 41-102-98 p. 3.5 a).

Set of water heated floor 15 m 2

Underfloor heating set for heating rooms with an area of ​​15-20 m 2 with a mixing unit with manual adjustment the temperature of the heating medium based on the mixing and separating valve MIX 03. The operating temperature of the heating medium is set manually by turning the valve handle.

A set of water heated floor for 15 m 2 (with reinforced thermal insulation, with unheated lower rooms)

A set of underfloor heating for heating rooms with an area of ​​15-20 m 2 with a mixing unit with manual regulation of the temperature of the heating medium based on the mixing and separating valve MIX 03. The working temperature of the heating medium is set manually by turning the valve handle. Reinforced thermal insulation allows you to arrange a system of underfloor heating over unheated rooms.

When laying the underfloor heating loop in a spiral (screed thickness 3 cm with a floor covering made of ceramic tiles) with a step of 15-20 cm and a design temperature of the coolant 30 ° C - the temperature of the floor surface is 24-26 ° C, the flow rate of the coolant is about 0.2 m 3 / h, the flow rate is 0.2-0.5 m / s, the pressure loss in a loop approximately 5 kPa (0.5 m).

An accurate calculation of thermal and hydraulic parameters can be carried out using free software calculations of warm floors Valtec Prog.

Set of water floor heating up to 30 m 2 - 1

A set of underfloor heating for heating rooms with an area of ​​30-40 m 2 with a mixing unit with manual regulation of the temperature of the heating medium based on the mixing and separating valve MIX 03. The working temperature of the heating medium is set manually by turning the valve handle. To ensure an equal flow rate of the coolant in the underfloor heating loops, their length and the laying pattern must be the same.

With spiral laying of the underfloor heating loop (screed thickness 3 cm with ceramic floor covering) with a pitch of 15-20 cm and a calculated coolant temperature of 30 ° C - the floor surface temperature is 24-26 ° C, the coolant consumption is about 0.2 m 3 / h, flow speed 0.2-0.5 m / s, pressure loss in the loop is approximately 5 kPa (0.5 m).

An accurate calculation of thermal and hydraulic parameters can be carried out using the free calculation program for underfloor heating Valtec Prog.

Set of water floor heating up to 30 m 2 - 2

A set of underfloor heating for heating rooms with an area of ​​30-40 m 2 with a mixing unit with manual regulation of the temperature of the heating medium based on the mixing and separating valve MIX 03. The working temperature of the heating medium is set manually by turning the valve handle. To facilitate the release of air, the system is supplemented with automatic air vents and drain valves. To ensure an equal flow rate of the coolant in the underfloor heating loops, their length and the laying pattern must be the same. Reinforced thermal insulation allows you to arrange a system of underfloor heating over unheated rooms.

With spiral laying of the underfloor heating loop (screed thickness 3 cm with ceramic floor covering) with a pitch of 15-20 cm and a calculated coolant temperature of 30 ° C - the floor surface temperature is 24-26 ° C, the coolant consumption is about 0.2 m 3 / h, flow speed 0.2-0.5 m / s, pressure loss in the loop is approximately 5 kPa (0.5 m).

An accurate calculation of thermal and hydraulic parameters can be carried out using the free calculation program for underfloor heating Valtec Prog.

Set of water floor heating up to 60 m 2 - 1

A set of underfloor heating for heating rooms with an area of ​​60-80 m 2 with a mixing unit with manual regulation of the temperature of the heating medium based on the mixing and separating valve MIX 03. The working temperature of the heating medium is set manually by turning the valve handle. To facilitate the release of air, the system is supplemented with automatic air vents and drain valves. To ensure an equal flow rate of the heating agent in the underfloor heating loops (hydraulic balancing of the loops), collectors with integrated shut-off and control valves are used. Reinforced thermal insulation allows you to arrange a system of underfloor heating over unheated rooms.

With spiral laying of the underfloor heating loop (screed thickness 3 cm with ceramic floor covering) with a pitch of 15-20 cm and a calculated coolant temperature of 30 ° C - the floor surface temperature is 24-26 ° C, the coolant consumption is about 0.2 m 3 / h, flow speed 0.2-0.5 m / s, pressure loss in the loop is approximately 5 kPa (0.5 m).

An accurate calculation of thermal and hydraulic parameters can be carried out using the free calculation program for underfloor heating Valtec Prog.

Set of water heated floor up to 60 m 2 - 2. (automatic temperature control)

A set of underfloor heating for heating rooms with an area of ​​60-80 m 2 with a mixing unit with manual adjustment of the temperature of the heating medium based on the mixing and separating valve MIX 03. The working temperature of the heating medium is automatically adjusted by the valve servo depending on the temperature of the heating medium set on the scale of the overhead thermostat. To facilitate the release of air, the system is supplemented with automatic air vents and drain valves. To ensure an equal flow rate of the heating agent in the underfloor heating loops (hydraulic balancing of the loops), collectors with integrated shut-off and control valves are used. Reinforced thermal insulation allows you to arrange a system of underfloor heating over unheated rooms.

With spiral laying of the underfloor heating loop (screed thickness 3 cm with ceramic floor covering) with a pitch of 15-20 cm and a calculated coolant temperature of 30 ° C - the floor surface temperature is 24-26 ° C, the coolant consumption is about 0.2 m 3 / h, flow speed 0.2-0.5 m / s, pressure loss in the loop is approximately 5 kPa (0.5 m).

An accurate calculation of thermal and hydraulic parameters can be carried out using the free calculation program for underfloor heating Valtec Prog.

Set of water heated floor up to 60 m 2 - 3. (automatic temperature control)

A set of underfloor heating for heating rooms with an area of ​​60-80 m 2 with a mixing unit with manual adjustment of the temperature of the heating medium based on the mixing and separating valve MIX 03. The working temperature of the heating medium is automatically adjusted by the valve servo depending on the temperature of the heating medium set on the scale of the overhead thermostat. The system uses a manifold block with control valves with flow meters (optional) to ensure an equal flow rate of the heating agent in the underfloor heating loops (hydraulic balancing of the loops). The use of a collector regulated bypass allows the flow of heating agent to be redirected from the supply to the return collector when the flow through the collector loops decreases below the value set on the bypass bypass valve. This allows the hydraulic characteristics of the collector system to be maintained regardless of the influence of the collector loop controls (manual, thermostatic valves or servo drives).

With spiral laying of the underfloor heating loop (screed thickness 3 cm with ceramic floor covering) with a pitch of 15-20 cm and a calculated coolant temperature of 30 ° C - the floor surface temperature is 24-26 ° C, the coolant consumption is about 0.2 m 3 / h, flow speed 0.2-0.5 m / s, pressure loss in the loop is approximately 5 kPa (0.5 m).

An accurate calculation of thermal and hydraulic parameters can be carried out using the free calculation program for underfloor heating Valtec Prog.

** - at choice

A set of water heated floor with an area of ​​more than 60 m 2. (pump-mixing unit Combimix)

A set of underfloor heating for heating rooms with an area of ​​more than 60 m 2 with a pump-mixing unit with automatic maintenance of the coolant temperature. The maximum power of the underfloor heating system is 20 kW. The system uses a manifold block with control valves with flow meters (optional) to ensure an equal flow rate of the heating agent in the underfloor heating loops (hydraulic balancing of the loops).

An accurate calculation of the thermal and hydraulic parameters of underfloor heating hinges can be carried out using the free underfloor heating calculation program Valtec Prog.

Today it is difficult to imagine Vacation home no floor heating. Before starting the installation of heating, it is necessary to calculate the length of the pipe that is used for the warm floor. Almost every country house has own system heat supply, the owners of such houses independently install a water floor - if this is provided for by the layout of the premises. Of course, it is possible to install such a warm floor in apartments, but such a process can bring a lot of trouble to both apartment owners and employees. This is due to the fact that it is impossible to bring a warm floor to the heating system, and it is problematic to install an additional boiler.

The size and shape of a pipe for a warm floor can be different, therefore, in order to understand how to calculate a warm floor, you need to understand in more detail the system and structure of such a system.

How can you install underfloor heating?

There are several ways to install underfloor heating. For example, you can consider 2 ways.

Grazing. This floor has a variety of flooring materials such as polystyrene or wood. It is worth noting that such a floor is quicker to install and put into operation, since it does not require additional time for pouring the screed and drying it.

Concrete. Such a floor has a screed that will take more time to apply, so if you want to make a warm floor as quickly as possible, then this option will not work for you.

In any case, installing a warm floor is a difficult task, therefore it is not recommended to carry out this process on your own. If additional funds on workers is not, then the installation of the floor can be carried out independently, but clearly following the installation instructions.

Underfloor heating concrete installation

Despite the fact that it takes longer to install underfloor heating in this way, it is more popular. The underfloor heating pipe is selected depending on the materials. It is worth noting that the price of a pipe will also depend on the material from which it is made. With this method, the pipe is laid along the contour. After laying the pipe, it is poured concrete screed without additional thermal insulation materials.

Calculation and installation of underfloor heating

Before proceeding with the installation of the floor, it is necessary to calculate required amount pipes and other materials. The first step is to divide the room into several identical squares. The number of parts in a room depends on the area of ​​the room and its geometry.

Calculation of the required amount of pipe

The maximum length of the circuit required for a warm water floor should not exceed 120 meters. It should be noted that these dimensions are indicated for several reasons.

Due to the fact that the water in the pipes can affect the integrity of the screed, if it is installed incorrectly, the floor can be damaged. An increase or decrease in temperature negatively affects the quality of a wooden floor or linoleum. By choosing optimal sizes squares - you distribute energy and water more efficiently through the pipes.

After the room is divided into parts, you can start planning the shape of the pipe laying.

Methods for laying pipes for underfloor heating

There are 4 ways to lay the pipe:

• Snake;
• Double snake (fits into 2 pipes);
• Snail. The pipe is laid in 2 times (bends), leaving one source, gradually rounding towards the middle;
• Corner snake. Two pipes come out from one corner: the first pipe starts the snake, the second ends.

Depending on which method of pipe laying you choose, you need to calculate the number of pipes. It is worth noting that pipes can be laid in several ways.

Which styling method should you choose?

V large rooms that have an even square or rectangular shape, it is recommended to use the "snail" laying method, thus, a large room will always be warm and cozy.

If the room is long or small, it is recommended to use the "snake".

Laying step

In order for a person's feet not to feel the difference between the floor areas, it is necessary to adhere to a certain length between the pipes, at the edge this length should be about 10 cm, then - with a difference of 5 cm, for example, 15 cm, 20 cm, 25 cm ...

The distance between the pipes should not exceed 30 cm, otherwise it will be simply unpleasant to walk on such a floor.

Calculation of pipes for a warm floor

On average, 5 running meters pipes. This method is easier in determining how many pipes per m2 are needed to equip a warm floor. With this calculation, the step length is 20 cm.
You can determine the required amount of pipe using the formula: L = S / N * 1.1, where:

• S is the area of ​​the room.
• N - Laying step.
• 1.1 - stock of the pipe for turns.

When calculating, it is also necessary to add the number of meters from the floor to the collector and back.
Example:

• Floor area (usable area): 15 m2;
• Distance from floor to collector: 4 m;
• Underfloor heating installation step: 15 cm (0.15 m.);
• Calculations: 15 / 0.15 * 1.1 + (4 * 2) = 118 m.

How long should the contour of a water-heated floor be?

It is necessary to calculate these parameters based on the diameter and material from which the pipes are made. So, for example, for metal-plastic pipes with a diameter of 16 inches, the length of the water floor heating circuit should not exceed 100 meters. The optimal length for such a pipe is 75-80 meters.

For XLPE pipes with a diameter of 18 mm, the length of the contour on the surface for underfloor heating should not exceed 120 meters. In practice, this length is 90-100 meters.

For a metal-plastic pipe with a diameter of 20 mm, the maximum length of the underfloor heating should be approximately 100-120 meters, depending on the manufacturer.

It is recommended to choose pipes for laying on the floor based on the area of ​​the room. It is worth noting that from what material the pipes are made and how they are laid on the surface, their durability and quality of work depend. The best option would be metal-plastic pipes.

Floor installation steps

After you have chosen high-quality and reliable pipes, it is recommended to proceed with the installation of a warm floor. This should be done in several stages.

Installation of thermal insulation

At this stage, preparatory work, the floor is cleaned and a layer of thermal insulation is laid. Foam can be used as thermal insulation. Foam plastics are laid on the sub-floor. The thickness of the foam should not exceed 15 cm. It is recommended to calculate the thickness depending on the size of the room, its location in the apartment, as well as the individual preferences of the person.

Installation of waterproofing

After the foam is laid, a layer of waterproofing must be installed. A polyethylene film is suitable as waterproofing. Polyethylene film fixed to the walls (near the plinth), and from above the floor is reinforced with mesh.

Laying and securing pipes

Next, you can lay pipes for the warm floor. Once you have calculated and selected the pipe laying scheme, this process does not take you much time. When laying pipes, they must be fixed on reinforcement mesh special braces or clamps.

Crimping

Pressing is almost the last stage of installing a warm floor. Pressure testing must be carried out within 24 hours at operating pressure. Thanks to this stage, it is possible to identify and eliminate mechanical damage pipes.

Pouring with concrete mortar

All floor pouring work is carried out under pressure. It should be noted that the thickness of the concrete layer should not exceed 7 cm.

After the concrete is dry, you can lay the floor. As flooring it is recommended to use tiles or linoleum. If you choose parquet or any other natural surface, due to possible changes in temperature, such a surface may become unusable.

Manifold cabinet and installation

Before calculating the pipe flow required for installation on a surface and underfloor heating, you need to prepare a place for the collector.

A manifold is a device that maintains pressure in pipes and heats the used water. Also, this device allows you to maintain the required temperature in the room. It is worth noting that it is necessary to buy a collector depending on the size of the room.

How and where should the manifold cabinet be installed?

There are no restrictions for the installation of a manifold cabinet, at the same time, there are several recommendations.

It is also not recommended to install the collector cabinet too high, as eventually the water circulation may be uneven. Optimal height for cabinet installation 20-30 cm above the bare floor.

Tips for those who decided to install a warm floor on their own

The collector cabinet must have an air outlet on top. It is strictly forbidden to lay underfloor heating under furniture. Firstly, because it will lead to deterioration of the materials from which the furniture is made. Secondly, it can lead to fire. Flammable materials can easily catch fire if the room is exposed to heat... Thirdly, the heat from the floor must constantly rise up, the furniture prevents this, thus, the pipes heat up faster and can deteriorate.

The choice of a collector is necessary depending on the size of the room. In the store, when buying, you need to pay attention to what dimensions this or that collector is designed for.

Pay attention to the advantages of certain materials from which the pipes are made.

The main qualities of pipes:

• Wear resistance;
• Heat resistance.

Buy pipes with a medium diameter. If the diameter of the pipe is too large, the circulation of water will take a very long time, and reaching the middle or end (depending on the method of installation) the water will cool down, the same situation will occur with a pipe with a small diameter. Therefore, the best option would be pipes with a diameter of 20-40 mm.

Before calculating a warm floor, consult with those who have already done this. The calculation of the area and number of pipes is important stage preparation for floor installation. In order not to be mistaken, buy + 4 meters of pipe, this will allow you not to save on the pipe if it is not enough.

Before laying the pipes, step back from the walls 20 cm in advance, this is the average distance over which the heat from the pipes acts. Calculate your steps wisely. If the distance between the pipes is calculated incorrectly, the room and the floor will be heated in strips.

After installing the system, test it, so you can understand in advance whether the collector was installed correctly, as well as notice mechanical damage.

If you install the warm floor correctly, it will serve you for many years. If you have any questions, it is better to ask them to the expert of our website or contact the specialists who will qualitatively, quickly and reliably improve and prepare your room for the installation of a warm floor.

In order to avoid unnecessary costs and technological errors that can lead to a partial or complete alteration of the system with your own hands, the calculation of a water heated floor is made in advance, before starting installation. The following input is required:

• The materials from which the housing is built;
• The presence of other sources of heating;
• Room area;
• The presence of external insulation and the quality of glazing;
• Regional location of the house.

You also need to determine what the maximum air temperature in the room is required for the comfort of the residents. On average, it is recommended to design a water floor contour at the rate of 30-33 ° C. However, such high rates during operation may not be needed, a person feels as comfortable as possible at temperatures up to 25 degrees.

In the case when the house uses additional sources heat (air conditioning, central or autonomous heating, etc.), the calculation of the warm floor can be oriented to the average maximum values ​​of 25-28 ° C.

Advice! It is strongly discouraged to connect warm water floors with your own hands directly through central system heating. It is advisable to use a heat exchanger. Perfect option- completely autonomous heating and connection of underfloor heating through the collector to the boiler.

The efficiency of the system directly depends on the material of the pipes through which the coolant will move. There are 3 types:

• Copper;
• Polyethylene or cross-linked polypropylene;
• Reinforced plastic.

Have copper pipes maximum heat transfer, but rather high cost. Polyethylene and polypropylene pipes have low thermal conductivity, but are relatively cheap. The best option in the ratio of price and quality - metal-plastic pipes. They have a low heat transfer consumption and a reasonable price.

Experienced professionals primarily take into account the following parameters:

1. Determination of the value of the desired t in the room.
2. Correctly calculate the heat loss at home. To do this, you can use calculator programs or invite a specialist, but it is also possible to make an approximate calculation of heat loss yourself. A simple way to calculate a warm water floor and heat loss in a room is the average value of heat loss in a room - 100 W per 1 sq. meter, taking into account the ceiling height no more than 3 meters and the absence of adjacent unheated rooms. For corner rooms and those in which there are two or more windows - heat loss is calculated based on the value of 150 W per 1 sq. meter.
3. Calculation of how much the heat loss of the circuit will be for each m2 of the area heated by the water system.
4. Determination of heat consumption per m2, based on decorative material coatings (for example, ceramics have a higher heat transfer than laminate).
5. Calculation of surface temperature, taking into account heat loss, heat transfer, desired temperature.

On average, the required power for every 10 m2 of paving area should be about 1.5 kW. In this case, you need to take into account point 4 in the above list. If the house is well insulated, the windows are made of high-quality profiles, then 20% of the power can be allocated for heat transfer.

Accordingly, with a room area of ​​20 m2, the calculation will take place according to the following formula: Q = q * x * S.

3kW * 1.2 = 3.6kW, where

Q - required heating power,

q = 1.5 kW = 0.15 kW is a constant for every 10m2,

x = 1.2 is the average heat loss coefficient,

S is the area of ​​the room.

Before starting the installation of the system with your own hands, it is recommended to draw up a plan diagram, to accurately indicate the distance between the walls and the presence of other heat sources in the house. This will allow you to calculate the power of the water floor as accurately as possible. If the area of ​​the room does not allow the use of one circuit, then it is correct to plan the system taking into account the installation of the collector. In addition, you will need to do it yourself with a cabinet for the device and determine its location, distance to walls, etc.

How many meters is the optimal length of the circuit

There is often information that the maximum length of one circuit is 120 m.This is not entirely true, since the parameter directly depends on the diameter of the pipe:

• 16 mm - max L 90 m.
• 17 mm - max L 100 m.
• 20 mm - max L 120 m.

Accordingly, the larger the pipeline diameter, the lower the hydraulic resistance and pressure. This means that the contour is longer. but experienced craftsmen it is recommended not to "chase" the maximum length and to choose pipes D 16 mm.

It is also necessary to take into account that it is problematic to bend thick pipes D 20 mm, respectively, the laying loops will be greater than the recommended parameter. And that means low level The efficiency of the system, because the distance between the turns will be large, in any case, you will have to make a square contour of the snail.

If one circuit is not enough for heating large room, it is better to mount a double-circuit floor with your own hands. At the same time, it is strongly recommended to make the contours of the same length so that the heating of the surface area is uniform. But if the difference in size still cannot be avoided, an error of 10 meters is allowed. The distance between the contours is equal to the recommended pitch.

Hydraulic pitch between turns

The uniformity of heating of the surface depends on the size of the step of the turn. Usually, 2 types of pipe laying are used: a snake or a snail.

It is preferable to make the snake in rooms with minimal heat loss and a small area. For example, in a bathroom or corridor (since they are inside a private house or apartment without contact with the outside environment). The optimal loop pitch for the snake is 15-20 cm. With this type of installation, the pressure loss is approximately 2500 Pa.

Snail loops are used in spacious rooms Oh. This method saves the length of the circuit and makes it possible to evenly heat the room, both in the middle and closer to the outer walls. The loop step is recommended within 15-30 cm. Experts say that the ideal step distance is 15 cm. The pressure loss in the cochlea is 1600 Pa. Accordingly, this do-it-yourself laying option is more profitable in terms of the efficiency of the system's power (you can cover a smaller usable area). Conclusion: the snail is more efficient, the pressure drops in it less, and accordingly the efficiency is higher.

The general rule for both schemes is that closer to the walls the step must be reduced to 10 cm. Accordingly, from the middle of the room, the loop loops are gradually compacted. Minimum laying distance to outer wall 10-15 cm.

One more important point- the pipe must not be laid on top of the seams concrete slabs... It is necessary to draw up a diagram so that the same location of the loop between the joints of the slab on both sides is observed. For DIY installation, you can draw a diagram in advance on a rough screed with chalk.

How many degrees is allowed with temperature drops

The design of the system, in addition to heat and pressure losses, implies temperature differences. The maximum difference is 10 degrees. But it is recommended to focus on 5 ° C for even system operation. If the desired comfortable temperature of the floor surface is 30 ° C, then the direct pipeline should supply about 35 ° C.

Pressure and temperature, as well as their losses, are checked during pressure testing (checking the system before finishing filling finishing screed). If the design is correct, then set parameters will be accurate with an error of no more than 3-5%. The higher the difference t, the higher the floor power consumption.

Today, the "warm floor" system is very popular among the owners of apartments and private houses. The overwhelming majority of those who have autonomous heating have either already installed a similar structure in their homes, or are thinking about it. They are especially relevant in homes where there are small children who crawl and can freeze without adequate heating. These designs are much more economical than other heating systems. In addition, they better interact with the human body, since, unlike the electric version, they do not create magnetic fluxes. Among them positive qualities fire safety and high efficiency... In this case, the heated air is evenly distributed throughout the entire space of the room.

The principle is that lines are laid under the coating through which the coolant circulates - as a rule, water, heating the floor surface and the room. This method copes very effectively with heating, provided that the structure is correctly calculated and if its installation is done correctly.

System mounting options

There are two principles by which the installation of a warm water floor can be carried out - floor and concrete. In both versions, insulation is necessarily used under the contour of the water floor - this is necessary so that all the heat goes up and heats the home. If the insulation is not used, the space below will also be heated, which is completely unacceptable, since it reduces the heating effect. It is customary to use penoplex or penofol as insulation. Penoplex has excellent thermal insulation properties, repels moisture and does not lose its properties in a humid environment. It has good resistance to compressive loads, is easy to use and is inexpensive. Penofol also has a foil layer, which serves as a reflector of thermal radiation inside the apartment.

The first option is that we put the contour on the flooring made of insulation - expanded polystyrene, penofol or another suitable material... We cover the contour from above with a tree or other covering. The step-by-step process is as follows:

1. We carry out a thin rough screed;
2. We lay sheets of insulation with grooves for the highway;
3. We lay the highway and perform pressure testing;
4. We cover the top with a backing made of foamed polyethylene or polystyrene;
5. We put on top topcoat made of laminate or other material with good thermal conductivity.

The second option looks like this in stages:

1. We carry out a thin concrete screed;
2. We put insulation on the screed;
3. We spread the waterproofing on the insulation, on top of which we place the contouring water floor;
4. At the top, we fix it with a reinforcing mm and fill it with a concrete screed;
5. We put the topcoat on the screed.

Temperature controlled with two thermometers- one shows the temperature of the coolant entering the pipeline, the other shows the temperature of the return flow. If the difference is between 5 and 10 degrees Celsius, then the structure is working properly.

Methods for laying the contour of a warm water floor

When we carry out the installation, the line can be laid out in the following ways:

For spacious rooms with a simple geometric configuration, it is worth using the snail method. For rooms small size complex shape it is more convenient and efficient to use the snake method.

These methods, of course, can be combined with each other.

depending on the diameter of the line and the size of the room. The smaller the laying step, the better and better the housing heats up, but on the other hand, then the costs of heating the coolant, materials and installation of the structure increase significantly. The maximum step size can be 30 centimeters, but this value cannot be exceeded, otherwise the human foot will feel the temperature difference. There will be more heat loss near the outer walls, therefore, the line spacing in these places should be less than in the middle.

The material for the manufacture of pipes is polypropylene or cross-linked polyethylene. If you are using polypropylene pipes, it is worth choosing the option with fiberglass reinforcement, since polypropylene tends to expand when heated. Polyethylene pipes they behave well when heated and do not require reinforcement.

Length of water floor contour

The length of the underfloor heating water circuit is calculated by the formula:

L = S \ N * 1,1, where

L - loop length,

S is the area of ​​the heated room,

N - the length of the laying step,

1.1 - pipe safety factor.

There is such a thing as the maximum length of a water loop - if we exceed it, loopback effect may occur. This is a situation when the flow of the coolant is distributed in the line in such a way that a pump of any power cannot set it in motion. The maximum loop size directly depends on the pipe diameter. As a rule, it is in the range from 70 to 125 meters. The material from which the pipe is made also plays a role here.

The question arises - what to do if one circuit of the maximum size is not able to heat the room? The answer is simple - we are designing a double-contour floor.

Installation of a system where a two-circuit design is used is no different from where one circuit is used. If the double-circuit option does not cope with the task, we add the required number of loops, as much as possible to connect to a home-made collector for a warm floor made of polypropylene.

The question arises - how much one contour in size can differ from another in a design, where there are more of them than one. In theory, the installation of a warm water floor structure involves equal distribution load and therefore it is desirable that the length of the loops was approximately the same. But this is not always possible, especially if one collector serves several rooms. For example, the size of the hinge in the bathroom will be clearly smaller than in the living room. In this case, the balancing armature equalizes the load along the contours. The spread in size in such cases is allowed up to 40 percent.

Installation of a warm water heating structure is allowed only in those areas of the room where there will be no overall furniture. This is due to the excessive load on it and the fact that it is impossible to ensure proper heat transfer in these areas. This space is called the usable area of ​​the room. Depending on this area, as well as on the laying step, the number of construction loops depends.

• 15 cm - up to 12 m 2;
• 20 cm - up to 16 m 2;
• 25 cm - up to 20 m 2;
• 30 cm - up to 24 m 2.

Installation of underfloor heating - what else you need to know

When installing a water heating system, you should know a few more important things.

• One loop should heat one room - it should not be stretched over two or more rooms.
• One pump should serve one collector group.
• When calculating multi-storey buildings served by one collector, the coolant flow should be distributed starting from the upper floors. In this case, the heat loss of the floor on the second floor will serve as additional heating of the premises on the first floor.
• One collector is able to service up to 9 loops with a circuit length of up to 90 m, and with a length of 60-70 m - up to 11 loops.

Conclusion

Warm water heating systems are extremely convenient and efficient to operate. It is quite possible to install them on your own. An important role is played by the correctness of calculations, the accuracy and thoroughness of all work, taking into account all the features and details. After all the work, you will be able to enjoy the warmth, coziness and comfort of a perfectly heated room with a floor on which it is so pleasant to walk barefoot.

Warm floor perfect solution for the improvement of their homes. The floor temperature directly depends on the length of the underfloor heating pipes hidden in the screed. The pipe in the floor is laid in loops. In fact, from the number of loops and their length and folds total length pipes. It is clear that the longer the pipe in the same volume, the warmer the floor. In this article, we will talk about the restrictions on the length of one contour of the warm floor.

Approximate design characteristics for pipes with a diameter of 16 and 20 mm are: 80-100 and 100-120 meters, respectively. These data are approximate for approximate calculations. Let's take a closer look at the process of installing and pouring underfloor heating.

The consequences of exceeding the length

Let's figure out what consequences an increase in the length of the underfloor heating pipe can lead to. One of the reasons is an increase in hydraulic resistance, which will create an additional load on the hydraulic pump, as a result of which it may fail or simply may not cope with the task assigned to it. Resistance calculation consists of many parameters. Conditions, styling parameters. The material of the pipes used. There are three main ones: loop length, number of bends and thermal load on it.

It is worth noting that the heat load increases with increasing loop. The flow rate and hydraulic resistance also increase. There are restrictions on the flow rate. It should not exceed 0.5 m / s. If we exceed this value, various noise effects may occur in the piping system. The main parameter, for the sake of which this calculation is done, also increases. The hydraulic resistance of our system. There are also restrictions on it. They are 30-40 kP per loop.

The next reason is that with an increase in the length of the underfloor heating pipe, the pressure on the pipe walls increases, causing this section to elongate when heated. The pipe in the screed has nowhere to go. And it will begin to taper at its weakest point. The constriction can cause a blockage of the flow in the heating medium. For pipes made of different material, different expansion coefficient. For example, in polymer pipes the expansion coefficient is very high. All these parameters must be taken into account when installing a warm floor.

Therefore, it is necessary to fill the underfloor heating screed with pressed pipes. It is better to pressurize with air at a pressure of about 4 bar. Thus, when you fill the system with water and start heating it, the pipe in the screed will be where it will expand.

Optimum pipe length

Considering all of the above reasons, taking into account the corrections for the linear expansion of the pipe material, we take as a basis maximum length underfloor heating pipes for one circuit:

The table shows the optimal dimensions of the underfloor heating that are suitable for all modes of thermal expansion of pipes in various modes of operation.

Note: B residential buildings 16 mm pipe is enough. A larger diameter should not be used. This will lead to unnecessary waste on energy.