How and what to insulate the bathhouse inside - advice from the master. Do-it-yourself bath insulation How to insulate to sheathe a bath from the inside
The owners of the suburban areas on which the steam rooms have been erected are probably wondering how to insulate the baths from the inside with their own hands, so that they can be truly comfortable in them at any time of the year.
As you know, today baths are made from a wide variety of materials, all kinds of designs and shapes, but in each of them they strive, first of all, to provide effective thermal insulation.
It is high-quality and good thermal insulation of all internal premises that is a prerequisite for each such structure.
A brick, frame, erected from a bar, cinder block or foam block, a bath can be insulated both from the outside and from the inside, however, many experts recommend that all work be carried out in its inner space.
Of course, each room in the bath should provide effective thermal insulation, but first of all, it is necessary to pay attention to the steam room.
The insulation scheme can be very different, including using different materials.
It is best to insulate the walls, ceiling, as well as the floor in the bath at the same time, using only high-quality material for this.
In order for the internal microclimate in the bath to really be beneficial to health, it is necessary to properly equip its thermal insulation and this can be done both from the outside and from the inside.
Despite the fact that this process is quite lengthy and laborious, since it is necessary to properly process both the walls and the ceiling, you can do all the work yourself.
At the same time, before starting all work, you should correctly assess your capabilities and study well the technology of work.
When choosing any material as a heater, first of all, you should pay attention to its practicality and quality characteristics.
A brick, frame, bathhouse built from a bar or cinder block is insulated according to the same principle.
In any case, the walls and ceiling from the inside must be vapor and waterproof, protected from fire and be environmentally safe.
Currently, both natural and artificial insulation are produced.
In the event that, when insulating, the main emphasis is placed on environmental friendliness, then only natural materials should be chosen, such as moss, felt, tow, and so on.
It should be noted that if the walls and ceiling in the bath are insulated using natural materials, they will first have to be treated with special compounds in order to exclude subsequently the formation of mold, mildew, and the appearance of insects.
Some natural insulation can be seen in the photo below. A simpler option is to insulate the bath from the inside using artificial materials.
As a rule, such heaters are fire resistant, have good vapor barrier and are not subject to decay and decomposition processes.
In addition, it is quite easy to handle their installation with your own hands. Artificial heaters can be used to insulate both brick and frame baths, as well as those built of cinder block or timber.
Some artificial heaters are shown in the photo above. In more detail about how to insulate the walls and ceiling of a bath with your own hands from the inside, see the video posted in our article.
Material selection
Before you insulate with your own hands from the inside or outside a frame bath or built from a bar or cinder block, you should first of all decide on the material that will be used for these purposes.
It is necessary to pay attention not only to its naturalness and safety, but also to its purpose, as well as its appearance and, of course, the price.
According to the mechanical characteristics, all existing heaters can be conditionally divided into various backfills, blocks, slabs, mats and plates.
Insulation materials can also differ in some of their chemical properties.
So, there are organic and inorganic origin, techno-insulation, as well as insulation based on some plastics. Each of these materials has both advantages and disadvantages.
For example, those materials that are based on plastics are best used for outdoor work.
In turn, those materials that are of organic origin can only be used after special processing.
More versatile and practical are those materials that are of inorganic origin. They are equally suitable for work both inside the bath and outside.
For example, when insulating a steam room, it is better not to use styrofoam and similar materials. For these purposes, you can use mineral wool.
Carrying out work on warming the space of the bath from the inside, do not forget about its vapor barrier. As a material, you can opt for roofing felt, glassine, as well as aluminum foil.
These materials protect the bath space well from the inside, are fire-resistant and safe for health.
In any case, before insulating a frame bath or one built from a bar or cinder block with your own hands, you must carefully study the properties of each material and choose the most optimal one.
More details on how to effectively insulate a bath can be seen in the video posted in the section.
Wall insulation
As a rule, bath insulation is carried out in a complex, using several different components.
The most common scheme for warming a bath includes the simultaneous use of fibrous types of insulation and lining.
In order to implement it, it is first necessary to make a kind of frame on the surface of the walls in the form of a lathing made of a bar.
After that, it is necessary to lay a layer of vapor barrier, and for this purpose it is best to use aluminum foil. Further, the entire surface is sheathed with fire-resistant clapboard.
This method of insulating a bath from the inside is the most effective and widespread. Its disadvantages include duration and high labor intensity.
Currently, you can find heaters for a bath, which simultaneously combine vapor barrier and waterproofing properties.
Their use greatly simplifies the process of warming a bath and reduces the amount of work. Such versatile materials include, for example, foil foam.
In the event that the walls in the bath are made of any panels, then it is best to use those heaters that are relatively low in weight, for example, reed slabs or expanded polystyrene.
In this case, they will additionally have to be processed with special compounds that will increase the refractory properties.
The frame surfaces of the walls in the bath are best insulated with special plates based on fiberboard or reeds.
In any case, the use of heaters in the form of blocks that have the appropriate characteristics makes it easier to perform work.
Ceiling insulation
At the final stage of the bath insulation, it is necessary to properly insulate its ceiling.
It should be noted here that it is on the ceiling of the bath that the highest temperature falls, which means that only fire-resistant materials should be used.
In the event that the bath has an attic, then to begin with, the ceiling boards should be treated with ordinary clay, which will retain moisture.
Also, outside the ceiling in the attic space, you can use foam in the form of blocks as insulation as a heater, which should be tightly packed and all seams hermetically sealed.
For those baths that do not have an attic, the ceiling insulation scheme is slightly different from the previous one. In this case, the materials used should be laid in layers.
For example, for a start, a vapor barrier is attached to the surface, followed by an insulation and a sheathing layer.
The procedure may change, however, in any case, the technology for insulating the ceiling of the bath should always remain unchanged.
When insulating the ceiling in a bath, special attention should be paid to the place through which the chimney pipe passes.
At the joints, it is imperative to indent and separate the insulation material from the pipe surface.
In any case, it is necessary to insulate the bath from the inside only with high-quality materials that have the appropriate characteristics.
More details on how to insulate a bath from the inside is described in the video posted in the article.
It is difficult to imagine a country house without a bath or sauna. The owners of the steam room are aware of all its value, because it is not only an opportunity to relax with friends or family, but also an effective way to improve health. Such buildings need insulation.
In what cases is insulation required
If the caulking in the bath is not done well and reliably enough, you will have to insulate the building from the inside. There are also other reasons why this cannot be avoided:
Masters believe that with high-quality insulation of a bath, you can save three times on heating or put a stove of lower power.
If the bath is not insulated enough, then there will be no benefit from the procedure
It is unpleasant when your feet are freezing on the floor or the steam disappears somewhere immediately after tossing water. It is important to find out the reason for this. Much depends on the design and placement of the oven. Usually there are no problems with factory stoves, and homemade ones may lack ash pan or deflectors, and have flaws in welding. A poorly designed chimney or firebox is more troublesome than saving. Such problems prevent rocks and water from reaching the correct temperature. It is important that the fire warms up the water tank and the depression with stones.
One of the reasons for insufficient heating of the bath is a stove located in the wrong place or installed with errors
If the stove is completely functional, check the ventilation: an ill-conceived system interferes with air circulation. The problem of a cold floor and foundation lies in the improper construction of the building. In concrete structures, the temperature under the floor is the same as outside. Although after 1–2 hours the oven raises it in the steam room to the required value, it is still cold below.
The bath can be insulated from the inside and outside
Preparation of materials and tools
The choice of insulation is the first thing to do after determining the reason for the insufficient heating of the bath. Weigh the pros and cons of materials that are suitable for baths or saunas:
Mineral wool is ideal for a steam room
Fiberboard is a cheap but good insulation
Expanded clay is also used to insulate the floor in the bath.
Calculation of the amount of insulation
To determine how much material is needed, perform the following steps:
It is easier to work with calculation calculators, since there is no need to search for formulas, fiddle with substitution of values and calculations. The program itself does this, and several times faster.
For insulation of ecowool walls in a room with a perimeter of 16 m and a ceiling height of 2.2 m, one obtains:
What tools and materials are needed for work
To create a monolithic sealed coating, a special foil tape is used to combine mineral wool or other insulation.
Foil tape is suitable for connecting the joints of the insulation
A crate is made of wooden blocks, on which the material is attached using self-tapping screws, dowels or anchors. Their length depends on the size of the guides and the required depth in the wall: for a tree - 2-3 cm, and for main walls - twice as much. The thickness of the bars is equal to the thickness of the insulation.
If you choose a material without a foil layer, you will need a waterproofing film.
For a concrete floor, in addition to insulation, you will need:
Sheets of reinforcing mesh are used for screed.
For waterproofing surfaces when insulating a steam room, roofing material is used
The amount of building materials depends on the surface area of the floor, ceiling, walls of the room. Of the tools you will need:
Thermal insulation of baths from different materials
What kind of insulation to use depends on what the bath is made of.
For such buildings, sometimes tow and waterproofing are enough. It is not recommended to use mineral wool for a bath from a bar. When installing this material, self-tapping screws or staples are used. Over time, glass stone dust penetrates through these holes into the room. Therefore, it is better to choose:
For caulking a bath from a log house, tow in the form of ribbons is used
Ecowool - natural insulation
Jute is suitable for insulating wooden steam rooms
Features of insulation of brick buildings
Since brick freezes quickly in winter, it is important not to allow it to come into contact with the heat exchange surfaces of the steam room. For this, two layers of heat insulator are laid, and waterproofing is made between them. Mostly reed slabs are used, which weigh a little and cost even less. They are impregnated with a fire retardant substance and a solution of ferrous sulfate to prevent decay.
A brick bath needs not only insulation, but also waterproofing
Penotherm is also suitable. Its foil layer reflects heat back to the steam room, which means there will be no heat loss, which is important for a brick bath. Additionally, it is necessary to install a vapor barrier layer on the walls and ceiling.
Foil foam layer reflects heat back to the bath
Thermal insulation rules for a steam room made of slag, foam blocks and concrete
These porous materials themselves are good insulation materials. However, at freezing temperatures, they freeze, and dark damp spots appear on the walls. For such a bath, fiberglass and mineral wool are suitable. The structure will look like this: a concrete wall - a frame for insulation with a short distance from the wall - the insulation material itself - a wooden board - a vapor barrier - finishing with a cedar or aspen board. It is important to leave a ventilation gap between the insulation and the wall.
A foam block bath is insulated with mineral wool
Thermal insulation of a frame bath
This modern construction technology is known for its energy-saving properties and is also called Canadian. For insulation, they put a crate. Each of its windows is filled with mineral wool, after which the outer sides are sheathed with OSB plates or clapboard. The steam room is insulated with special rolled heat insulators with membranes. Another option is to mix sawdust, gypsum and wood chips with lime in a ratio of 10: 1, and then spread such insulation in a thick layer in the intervals of the crate. It is pre-treated with iron vitriol.
You can insulate a frame bath with a roll of insulation or sawdust
Video: how and how to insulate a bath
Bath insulation step by step
For each surface - floor, walls, ceiling, doorway - the technology of work is different. Armed with tools and building materials, get down to business, exactly following the instructions.
Floor insulation methods
The floor in the steam room is wood or concrete. The latter is poured more often in brick baths. It needs to be insulated. Usually, the entire surface under the building is covered with expanded clay or slag. Only after that do they start installing the floor. If space and opportunities permit, the embankment is made as thick as possible: at least twice the thickness of the walls.
The way the floor is insulated depends on the material from which it is made.
Concrete floor
First, the drain pipe is raised to the level of the screed. Then the procedure is as follows:
The soil inside the foundation must be compacted
The floor of the bath must be waterproofed
Expanded clay does an excellent job with the function of floor insulation
Damper tape will prevent screed deformation
The concrete screed must be primed
Wood floor
The sequence of works on installation and insulation is as follows:
The drain pipe must be installed before the sub-floor is laid.
The wooden floor of the bath is laid on the floor beams
The vapor-proof foil keeps the steam inside the bath
The logs are laid across the floor beams
Foil insulation can be fixed with tape
The use of expanded polystyrene
This method is more complicated than the previous one, but it is applicable both to the screed and to the wooden floor. Sequentially spread on the ground:
For insulation of wooden and concrete floors, polystyrene foam is used.
When using expanded polystyrene, the requirements are taken into account:
Instead of expanded clay for floor insulation, you can use expanded polystyrene
The concrete screed is laid directly on the insulation
The screed is reinforced with a reinforcing mesh
The bath floor can be covered with ceramic tiles or removable wooden boards
Boards are fixed at a distance of 1.5–2 cm so that water quickly drains off the removable flooring. The advantage of this floor is that it can be taken outside for drying or ventilation. It is important to think over the dimensions of the boards so that they easily pass through the doorway.
Video: insulation of the bath floor with penoplex
Thermal insulation of walls
The principle of insulating a brick and a wooden steam room is the same. The only difference is in the thickness of the thermal insulation layer: wood has a lower thermal conductivity than brick, therefore, for walls made of it, a layer of insulation of a smaller thickness is required.
The walls of the bath must be covered with a waterproofing film
It is necessary to lay insulation in the crate
The given sequence of works is applicable for almost all types of walls. But there are several peculiarities for brick structures:
It is more convenient to use rolled foil insulation
Video: warming the brick walls of the bath
Ceiling insulation
The work is done in three ways. It is necessary to choose the one that is suitable for the type of ceiling structure.
Panel type
They are installed from panels that are mounted to supporting bars. The shields are being assembled below. They are subsequently lifted ready-made, but in parts, since they are very heavy. After fixing the panels on the floor of the finished bath, layers of insulation, for example, foam sheets, are laid.
Insulation is laid between the beams
Decking ceiling
The difference between the structure is that it is attached directly to the walls of the building, and not to the floor beams. Boards with a thickness of at least 3 cm are used. A vapor barrier and insulation are laid on the attic side. A waterproofing film is laid on top, and then a plank or plywood flooring is mounted. The advantage of the design is quick and easy installation.
Video: do-it-yourself sauna ceiling insulation
When choosing high-quality thermal insulation and other materials, with proper installation, the heat in the steam room will last for a long time. This will help to save on fuel and make your bathing procedures more comfortable.
The Russian bath is still cut from wood, but the log house was replaced by technologically more advanced designs:
- log house made of rounded logs;
- frame made of timber (glued or profiled).
If the thickness of the logs of the Russian bath in the old days allowed only the space between the crowns to be insulated, then the less powerful body of a rounded log, and even more so a bar requires complex work on the insulation of the structure designed for use in any season of the year.
Bath must comply with the thermos principle- keep warm at any outside temperature. In this regard, the design solutions of the project are of great importance: by the method of joining wooden elements when knitting crowns, by the location of the steam room relative to the soap and dressing room, the height and thickness of the windows, the size of doorways, the height of the thresholds, the design of the "heater".
But the system of measures for the insulation of the outer walls, floor and ceiling, the technological features of this process in different rooms of the bath cannot be belittled either.
Materials suitable for baths
A bathhouse is a place where all structural elements constantly endure temperature changes and their contrasts. In conditions of damp heat, the evaporation of many synthetic substances and polymers is activated, tactile contact with heated building materials can lead to burns.
These operational features define the mandatory material specifications used for thermal insulation of baths: thermal conductivity, moisture resistance, fire safety, natural components, environmental friendliness.
In order for the bath to become a place of health promotion, it is preferable to assemble a log house from the wood of Siberian forests(cedar, larch, pine) harvested in winter. For the facing of the premises, deciduous trees are chosen that do not emit resins and essential oils when heated.
Since ancient times, popular heaters have been organic and natural: clay, peat, expanded clay, flax fiber, moss, jute, tow.
New synthetic- non-combustible mineral insulation, magnesite plates, gypsum fiber, expanded polystyrene, honeycomb.
Waterproofing agents bitumen mastic, steklohydrozole, euroruberoid (except for use in a steam room), polyethylene film with a density of 140 microns are often used.
Optimal views steam insulators for bath rooms are - kraft paper, aluminum foil, at the same time insulation - foil-coated penotherm (NPP polypropylene laminated with foil).
The sequence of works on insulation
- The very first stage of warming will begin even during the assembly of the log house, when an organic fiber heat insulator will have to be laid between its elements: tow, jute, flax, dried moss, or a combination thereof.
- When laying a bath, you can take measures to insulate the floors, especially if they are constructed of concrete. In this case, you will have to perform earthwork for leveling, filling sand and expanded clay; pouring the base floor.
- How to insulate the ceiling and walls of the bath? Warming is carried out from the inside and outside, but after the shrinkage process of the structure has been completed.
- Measures for the insulation of windows and doors, external and internal cladding work to preserve the heat in the premises of the bath.
Only after six months is it possible complete this process using a hammer and caulk (special spatula), carefully sewing the ends of the fibers into the seam. True, synthetic sealants have appeared for this purpose, but for a bath it is especially important to observe environmental safety in conditions of heating and evaporation.
Thermal insulation of a wooden bath from the inside
How to insulate a bathhouse from a log house (bar)? You should start with ceiling insulation, it is he who takes on the first wave of heat and steam. The heat-insulating layer should be significant (in the steam room - up to 15 cm) with an obligatory vapor barrier: for the steam room it is foil, for other rooms it is kraft paper or thick polyethylene. It is also enough to upholster the walls in the soap and dressing room from the inside with clapboard or wooden dies made of hardwood (aspen, linden).
- Ceiling insulation algorithm:
- with clean roll paper we overlap the surface of the wooden ceiling (we fix it with tape and a stapler);
- we fasten bars across the ceiling that exceed the thickness of the insulation used (preferably rigid mats made of basalt wool or cinder fiber); for the overlap of the dressing room and soap room, expanded clay, sand and even sawdust mixed with clay can be used as insulation;
- mats fit into the crate;
- the next layer is aluminum foil, the joints of which are glued with tape;
- on the foil, as the basis for the front sheathing, the crate is attached;
- if the ceiling of the bath will be used as the floor of another room, then 3 cm of cement-sand screed is made on top of the insulation layer under the wooden flooring.
First way:
- bituminous mastic is applied to the concrete surface;
- after it dries, the floor is covered with a thick plastic wrap;
- then comes the laying of ceramic tiles or underfloor heating.
Second way:
- a layer of 15 cm of mineral wool is laid;
- covered with euroruberoid with entry to the level of the plinth;
- lags are treated with an antiseptic;
- the subfloor is laid;
- a clean wooden floor made of grooved boards.
The first method is more suitable for the back rooms of the bath, the second - for the steam room.
We insulate the bath outside
Insulating does not only mean protecting against blowing. Insulate - provide conditions for maintaining a stable thermal regime indoors.
For log cabins or when building baths in areas with mild winters, it is quite enough to carry out external insulation of the walls in order to protect the bath from heat leaks. Inside - only finishing from natural materials.
At the same time, it is possible to insulate the walls from the outside immediately after the shrinkage of the log house, based on the thickness of its elements and the density of laying the crowns.
The attic is subject to external insulation:
- the overlap is covered with glass hydrozol;
- covered with expanded clay, slag or mineral mats are laid on the insulator;
- a reinforced or non-reinforced screed is made on top.
For external wall insulation the ventilated facade technology is applied:
- a lathing frame is created along the width of the sheets (mats, slabs) of the insulation with an excess of the sheet thickness by 3 cm (for the ventilation gap);
- the insulation fits into the structure of the crate from the bottom up:
- the diffuse membrane is attached to the crate with a stapler;
- revet facades with lumber under varnish, false beams or colored siding.
Requires special attention insulation of the basement, where the cooling of the walls, especially in the cold period, occurs especially intensively.
For this, a formwork of boards up to half a meter high and 30 cm deep is installed along the perimeter of the structure. The formwork cavity is lined with any waterproofing agent and covered with soil or expanded clay. From above it is covered with a board from being washed away by rainwater.
Additional insulation
Additional insulation are subject to windows. To preserve heat, it is preferable to make them small and in the lower part of the wall. The most reliable are triple glass units, provided that they are tightly inserted into the openings of the walls, with the sealing of the cracks.
High thresholds and small door frames with a low headroom will also help keep the room warm. The entrance from the dressing room to the soap room and the steam room should not be located on the same axis.
The dressing room should have a door insulated with thick vinyl-covered felt. The insulation must exceed the dimensions of the door by 10 cm. It is even better if the entrance to the dressing room is equipped with a closed vestibule.
The efforts and costs of warming the bath depend on subsequently, the cost of firewood for heating it, and, finally, its safety and durability.
For many people, the best rest is a visit to the bathhouse. And so that, being in it and taking paired procedures, not to experience any discomfort, it is necessary to insulate this structure from the inside. A well-done work on the insulation of structures in the bath will increase its thermal insulation characteristics. Thermal insulation of walls and ceiling surfaces in the twin room of this structure will allow for quick warm-up and minimize fuel costs. In addition, the generated heat will remain in the room for a long time.
Why is it a good idea to insulate a bath from the inside?
Speaking about the bath, it should be noted that a unique microclimate prevails in it. When arranging this structure, an important point is creation of high-quality thermal insulation... Having decided to insulate the walls and ceiling in the bath with your own hands, you need to be prepared for the fact that this work will require a lot of effort. However, with a great desire and time, you can easily cope with this task.
When insulating a steam room, the following factors must be taken into account:
- material that is used to insulate the bath from the inside;
- knowledge and skills of the owner, own desire.
When choosing a material for warming a bath, it is necessary to focus on the characteristics of the insulation. It is worth knowing that not all materials are suitable for bath insulation.
Suitable insulation materials for this structure are those that have the following properties:
- vapor barrier;
- waterproofing;
- fire resistance;
- environmental friendliness.
All the variety of heaters currently offered on the market can be divided into two types:
- natural;
- artificial.
If you want the bath to be insulated with environmentally friendly materials, then when choosing, you should pay attention to natural insulation. They are manufactured based on organic components... These include:
- cuckoo flax;
- felt.
These materials have many advantages, but they also have certain disadvantages. If you do not process them with special compounds, then during the operation of the bath, mold and insects will appear on such insulation.
In order for the insulation of the bath to turn into a simple process from the inside, it is necessary to use materials of artificial origin during the work. They have many important advantages. They are resistant to fire, are not subject to decay processes, and provide an effective vapor barrier. Installation of such materials does not take much time. In this they are superior to natural insulation.
When purchasing a heat-insulating material, it is necessary to make a choice not only in favor of natural or artificial insulation. At the stage of purchasing material, you need to take into account a number of other factors:
- the purpose of the insulation;
- its cost;
- appearance.
Classification of heaters
If you focus on such a factor as mechanical properties of the material, then all materials that can be used to insulate the walls of the bath inside can be divided into the following types:
- backfills of various densities;
- mats and fibers;
- wall blocks and slabs.
For such a parameter as chemical composition of the material, all heaters are divided into the following types:
- organic. These include ecowool, fibrolite;
- inorganic substances. The group of these materials includes mineral wool, glass wool from basalt fiber;
- technoinsulation. These include a technoblock and a technologist;
- heaters made on the basis of plastics. These include polystyrene and expanded polystyrene.
Each of the listed materials has its own pros and cons. For example, when insulating a steam room, it is better to abandon the use of heat-insulating materials based on plastics. This is due to the fact that such heaters under the influence of high temperatures highly flammable... However, they can be used for thermal insulation of other rooms in the bath. They are perfect for insulating a dressing room or rest room.
Materials based on organic substances are distinguished by their environmental friendliness and affordable prices. However, they are also highly flammable if not treated with special compounds.
Vapor barrier materials from the inside
There is a whole group of materials that are suitable for the vapor barrier of a bath. These include:
- roofing material;
- glassine;
- polyethylene;
- aluminium foil.
When working on the vapor barrier of the steam room, you should refuse to use roofing material and glassine... This is due to the fact that, under the influence of high temperatures, these materials begin to release chemicals. When insulating baths, glassine is often used. Aluminum foil is often used in conjunction with clapboard, and mineral wool is widely used in bath houses.
How to insulate a bathhouse with your own hands from the inside?
The insulation scheme using fiber-based heat insulators is currently quite common. The technology of insulating a bath from the inside involves the following work.
First, you need to create a wireframe on the surface of the insulated wall. To do this, it runs fastening the lathing from the beams, which are placed horizontally and vertically. Note that the thickness of the timber should exceed the insulation by 20-30 mm.
Next, the wall is clad with mineral wool. When the material is installed, a vapor barrier layer is applied. Most often, foil material is used to create it. Note that it must be overlapped. The joints of the material must be sealed with thin strips. A distance of about 3 cm should be left between the vapor barrier and mineral wool layers.
The effectiveness of this method is quite high, since it has been used to insulate the walls of the bath from the inside for a long time. However, you should be aware that, having made a choice in favor of this option for thermal insulation, you will have to spend a lot of effort on creating a high-quality insulation structure. Modern materials offered on the market will reduce the labor intensity of such insulation. Insulation materials often combine several properties at once: they provide effective insulation and waterproofing. Foil foam is just such a material. It is characterized by high resistance to fire. In addition, it provides ease of use and installation.
The scheme described above is ideal for baths built from a bar. Insulation of frame walls and panel-type buildings has its own characteristics. If the walls in the bathhouse are panel, then the choice is made in favor of light materials. The most commonly used polystyrene foam, reed slabs, mineral wool. In this case, the processing of the heat insulator is a mandatory requirement. As a composition for its protection from harmful negative factors, they use lime milk followed by drying. The use of such protection will exclude the occurrence of decay processes. In addition, the fire resistance of the material will increase.
If the bath has frame walls, then in a cold climate, when it is insulated, fibrolite or reed slabs are used. In areas with a mild climate, the choice is made in favor of gypsum, sawdust. For wall insulation, for example, a mixture of sawdust and plaster can be used. The material is taken in a ratio of 1:10. The finished mixture is poured between the walls and the cladding with a layer of 200 mm.
Insulation of the ceiling in the steam room of the bath
Work on the creation of thermal protection in the bath is completed by the insulation of the ceiling. The complexity and order of work depends on the design of the ceiling itself. It can be with or without an attic.
In the event that the bath has an attic or attic, then the insulation process should take place as follows: board coated with clay with a layer of 20 cm... This material does a good job of retaining moisture. Wood chips must be poured into the cracks between the boards. If not, you can use any other material that provides good thermal insulation. For example, you can backfill with expanded clay. But the thickness of the layer of this material must be at least 200 mm.
Thermal insulation of a bath without an attic
A bathhouse without an attic, made of a log or representing a panel building, must be insulated inside in a completely different way:
first, the material for the vapor barrier is laid, then the insulation is attached, onto which the beam bar is sewn. Later shelving boards are nailed.
When insulating the ceiling of a bath, special attention should be paid to the joint between the pipe and the insulation. So that fire safety standards are not violated, it is necessary to make an indent of 200 mm between the pipe and the heat-insulating material. This task is easily solved by creating a box of rafter legs. It will be a barrier separating the pipe and insulation. The space inside the box can be filled with fire-resistant insulation, for example, stone wool.
It is optimal if the roof of the bath is designed in such a way that there are no places through which warm air can escape from the room and cold air can penetrate outside. Ceiling insulation has another goal - avoid condensation... Condensation is converted to moisture, which in turn is the main enemy of most building materials.
Note that not all materials are suitable for ceiling insulation work. It is worth abandoning the use of materials such as chipboard, plywood, fiberboard for thermal insulation. They can not only deform during operation, but also release substances harmful to human health when exposed to high temperatures.
Conclusion
Thermal insulation of a bathhouse from the inside is an important work that every owner of this building must carry out, who wants to visit the bathhouse and not experience discomfort. Although this job is not easy, everyone can do it. If you have the time and the necessary knowledge on how to properly insulate a bath from the inside, then by choosing the right materials and following the advice of experienced craftsmen, you can create high-quality thermal protection... After the insulation has been carried out, you will enjoy every visit to the bath. There will be no cold in the building, it will warm up quickly, and fuel costs will be minimal.
- Stage 1: ceiling insulation
- Stage 2: wall insulation
- Stage 3: floor insulation
Often people do not pay attention to the problem of thermal insulation of apartments and houses, but for baths it is of particular importance. After all, if you do not insulate the steam room, then heat will not linger in it for a long time. Therefore, it is so important to insulate the bath from the inside, paying special attention to the steam room. After all, it is in it that you have to spend more time.
- bars;
- self-tapping screws;
- nails;
- screw gun;
- saw;
- foil;
- Styrofoam;
- glass wool;
- waterproofing material;
- polyethylene film;
- clean paper;
- masking tape;
- anti-corrosion compound;
- building level;
- front panels;
Stage 1: ceiling insulation
Stage 2: wall insulation
The scheme of wall insulation in the bath.
Stage 3: floor insulation
Floor insulation scheme in the bath.
Thermal insulation scheme for the bath outside.
Do-it-yourself steam room insulation: step-by-step instructions (video and photo)
Do-it-yourself warming of the steam room is quite simple. You just need to read the step-by-step instructions and prepare everything you need to work.
Insulating the steam room from the inside step by step instructions
Thermal insulation of the steam room allows you to solve the problem of heat loss, otherwise the effect of visiting the bath will be reduced to zero. The thermal insulation of this room can be called high-quality if the insulation work is done with the ceiling, floor and walls.
The steam room must be kept at a high temperature. At the same time, heat loss must be minimized, and insulating the steam room from the inside will help to achieve the required level of thermal protection. When erecting a bath building, you should equip this room in accordance with all the rules.
The better the heat protection of the steam room is, the less fuel will be required to heat it during operation, and also the longer steam can be stored in it, which has a beneficial effect on the human body. Regardless of the construction material of the bath, the process of warming certainly consists of thermal insulation of the ceiling, floor covering and walls.
Materials used in the arrangement of steam rooms
To make the internal insulation of the steam room, in the old days people used exclusively environmentally friendly materials. They not only retained heat well and were easy to use, but at the same time had a number of disadvantages, including susceptibility to the decay process.
Modern materials meet many requirements for them:
- successfully withstand high temperatures;
- tolerate high air humidity well;
- do not emit substances harmful to human health;
- look aesthetically pleasing.
In order to insulate the steam room from the inside, use the following building materials:
- wooden slats (for arranging the lathing);
- mineral wool or glass wool;
- polyethylene film;
- penoizol (can be replaced with aluminum foil);
- expanded polystyrene;
- perlite;
- concrete solution;
- reinforcing mesh.
Before insulating the steam room in the bath from the inside, you should prepare the tools:
For the interior lining of the steam room, wooden slats, boards or lining are most often chosen, which depends on the personal preferences of the owner of the building. It is the tree that meets the operational requirements for such premises.
Low density hardwoods such as alder, maple, linden and aspen are ideal. As for conifers, at high temperatures, their wood will begin to release resin.
Insulation of the walls of the steam room from the inside
Correctly executed insulation of the walls of the steam room from the inside is a structure of several layers: steam, hydro and heat insulation. Particular attention should be paid to the arrangement of the first of them, since it must protect the remaining layers from the influence of hot steam. In the event of its penetration into the insulation, this material can get wet and lose all its properties.
Most often, the vapor barrier is equipped with the use of aluminum foil or special insulators that are coated with a foil layer, for example, it can be penoizol (the material is shown in the photo). At the same time, experts do not recommend using such well-known vapor insulators as roofing material, polyethylene, glassine when cladding a steam room, since at high temperatures they begin to release toxins that are dangerous to human health.
In turn, the foil does not allow the insulation to get wet and at the same time provides the effect of a thermos, as a result of which the heat will be kept inside the room for a long time.
Waterproofing is essential to protect the insulation material from moisture. The fact is that a poorly laid waterproofing material in conditions of high humidity, namely, such air in a steam room, can provoke the onset of the decay process. The appearance of mold and mildew on the walls can cause irreparable harm to both the structure and the health of people.
For waterproofing, foil or special film materials are most often used. The joints of the canvases must be sealed with tape in order to prevent the penetration of steam and condensate into the insulation. All these materials for arranging waterproofing are mounted using a construction stapler.
The next layer when creating thermal protection for a steam room will be the installation of thermal insulation, which is done using materials that have the property of retaining heat. These include mineral wool and glass wool.
The first of the above-mentioned heaters is an environmentally friendly natural product. But mineral wool is afraid of moisture and loses its properties when wet. When using mineral wool, it is necessary in all possible ways to prevent the penetration of moist air, therefore this insulation is carefully wrapped with foil and films.
Glass wool differs from mineral wool in that it does not get wet and therefore it can be used to insulate the steam room from the inside. When the steam room is insulated from the inside, the step-by-step instructions suggest that work should be started by fixing a wooden crate to the walls, to which the insulation is then mounted.
Heat protection of the floor and ceiling from the inside
Basically, heat loss in the steam room occurs due to insufficient thermal insulation of the ceiling, since the streams of warm air always rise upward. For this reason, the ceiling should be insulated not only from the side of the room, but also from the side of the attic.
The thermal insulation of the ceiling from the side of the steam room is performed in the same way as it is done with the walls. First of all, a wooden crate is fixed. Then a heat-insulating material is attached to it, preferably glass wool. From above it is covered with a vapor barrier, and an external finishing layer is already mounted on it - most often a lining.
As for the ceiling from the side of the attic, it can be additionally insulated with straw, clay, sawdust or other materials. For fire safety, special mastics are used near the chimney.
Currently, various floor coverings are installed in steam rooms. You can insulate the floor, for example, with expanded polystyrene. This material is distinguished by high mechanical strength, rather low thermal conductivity, and besides, when it gets into a humid environment, it does not change its qualities.
When it is used to insulate the steam room from the inside, the step-by-step work is as follows:
- A waterproofing layer is placed on a prepared flat base, using a special film, on which expanded polystyrene plates are placed tightly to one another.
- To give the structure greater strength in order to increase the service life, a reinforcing mesh is mounted on the expanded polystyrene and a concrete solution is poured. When performing work, one must not forget about arranging a slight slope to ensure the drainage of water.
- After the final hardening of the concrete, which usually takes about a month, you can start laying the finishing floor surface. Laying ceramic tiles is a good option.
It is also possible to insulate the floor of the steam room using such a natural material as perlite, which is sand expanded by a special method. To create insulation, take 2 parts of perlite and part of water, mix and combine with cement. The whole mass is thoroughly mixed.
The base of the floor of the steam room is poured with a concrete screed, on top of which an insulating mixture is placed and allowed to dry for a week. Then the screed is made again and the work is completed with a finishing floor covering from a finishing material.
Sometimes in the steam room, wooden gratings are placed on a high-quality concrete, solid and reliable floor, which should be periodically dried during operation in order to avoid rotting and quick deterioration.
How to insulate a steam room?
- What will be required to carry out the work?
- Stage 1: ceiling insulation
- Stage 2: wall insulation
- Stage 3: floor insulation
- Stage 4: insulation in the steam room outside
Often people do not pay attention to the problem of thermal insulation of apartments and houses, but for baths it is of particular importance. After all, if you do not insulate the steam room, then heat will not linger in it for a long time. Therefore, it is so important to insulate the bath from the inside. paying special attention to the steam room. After all, it is in it that you have to spend more time.
At the same time, it is necessary to insulate the steam room with high quality, performing all the work in stages. Below is a step-by-step instruction. She will help you in this not easy, but so important matter.
What will be required to carry out the work?
The first step is to prepare all the materials and tools that will be needed to insulate the steam room. Here is a list of them:
- roll heat-insulating material;
- bars;
- self-tapping screws;
- nails;
- screw gun;
- saw;
- foil;
- Styrofoam;
- glass wool;
- waterproofing material;
- polyethylene film;
- clean paper;
- masking tape;
- wood material for cladding (linden, aspen);
- anti-corrosion compound;
- building level;
- front panels;
- water-repellent varnish for wood.
Stage 1: ceiling insulation
The scheme of insulation of the ceiling in the steam room.
The first step is to insulate the steam room for the ceiling. First you need to cover it with roll paper, it is important that its joints are overlapped (from 10 to 15 cm). After that, it must be strengthened, otherwise deformation will occur during further work. To do this, you need to take the blocks (size 5x5 cm) and nail them to the roll of thermal insulation material.
It is important to create a monolithic coating here so that seams with cracks do not form, otherwise the tightness of the waterproofing will be broken.
As a result, steam will penetrate into the rolled thermal insulation material, which will lead to its deformation and deterioration of its operational characteristics.
The scheme of the ceiling device in the steam room.
Now you need to fix the foil with additional blocks. This will prevent it from peeling off, and the finished lathing will allow you to quickly lay the finishing material. The role of it should be wood. The use of non-sustainable materials here is simply unacceptable. After all, you will inhale the harmful substances that they emit while taking water procedures in the bath. As a result, instead of improving your health, you will, on the contrary, worsen it. It is great if you use linden or aspen for cladding the ceiling. These materials release special resins that heal the body and improve the atmosphere in the bath, as a pleasant smell is spread.
You can fix the finishing material on nails, be sure to pre-treat them with an anti-corrosion compound. The wood itself must be coated with a water-repellent varnish. It is best to do this before it is fixed to the ceiling. After all, then you can process it from all sides at once, which will extend its service life.
With the help of boards, you need to create an even coating. To eliminate the occurrence of distortion, be sure to use a building level. In addition, for finishing, choose only those boards that have the same thickness, otherwise differences in height in the finished coating cannot be avoided.
Stage 2: wall insulation
The scheme of wall insulation in the bath.
Do not assume that only the ceiling needs to be insulated. The walls also need additional finishing with insulating materials. Therefore, after completing the work with the ceiling, you will need to go to them. It is also necessary to start wall insulation with laying out roll material. It must then be nailed down with a wooden frame, on which foil is immediately lined. But here it is necessary to take it with a thickness of 65-70 mm. After all, much more heat goes through the walls than through the ceiling. Therefore, the use of a thinner material is not permissible here. Spread it with an overlap, and glue all joints several times with masking tape. Then it will be possible to make the surface of the walls as tight as possible. As a result, the steam room will be as warm as possible.
After that, a wooden frame is installed on the foil fixed on the surface of the walls. And already the finishing material is mounted on it. It is not necessary to use boards here. you can choose clapboard for the walls. By the way, it can also be used to decorate the ceiling, but then the insulation in the steam room will be a pretty penny, but if you have allocated a significant budget for this, then feel free to opt for this material. The aesthetic and performance properties will not disappoint you. The wall decoration will turn out to be great and will delight every time you take water procedures.
Stage 3: floor insulation
Floor insulation scheme in the bath.
Now you can insulate the floor in the steam room. Here work is carried out according to a slightly different scheme. The first step is to make waterproofing. It is necessary so that mold, fungus and rotting do not appear inside the floor. This layer will protect the floor from condensation. To create it, you will need to use plastic wrap. It is laid out on the entire surface of the floor. If seams are present, make large seams and glue them with masking tape.
Next, you need to create another layer on top of the film. It must be laid out from clean solid paper. It is necessary so that no harmful substances are released from the subfloor. In addition, such a layer will minimize the loss of hot air. You will definitely need to fix a wooden frame of a small width on it. And on the frame you need to lay out and fix the mineral wool slabs with self-tapping screws.
Then the following material is laid out on the surface of the floor: foam. It needs to be fastened on top of cotton wool on small carnations. After that, it will be necessary to cover it with foil, and put another plastic wrap on it. So many layers must be created in order to minimize heat leakage through the floor, which occurs in large quantities through it. As a result, the insulation will turn out to be of very high quality.
And the last thing that needs to be done is to create another frame on the floor surface. It should be thicker than the previous one. It is required for subsequent finishing. Indeed, boards will need to be laid out on the floor surface. Pre-treat them with a water-repellent varnish.
Stage 4: insulation in the steam room outside
If your bathhouse is wooden, then it is imperative to insulate it from the outside. After all, a sealed floor, walls and ceiling in this case will not be enough. Therefore, here you need to create a crate outside the bath, on which slabs of mineral wool should be laid. They need to be fixed with screws or nails. Then a plastic wrap is lined. Next, the front panels are laid on it. All of them must be varnished. This will protect them from adverse environmental factors.
Warming in a steam bath consists of these stages. As it becomes clear, it is necessary to carry out comprehensive work here. It is not enough to insulate only the surface of the walls and floor; you also need to not forget about the ceiling and outer cladding. This is the only way to do quality work. Its result will not disappoint you. And since all the instructions are presented in an accessible form and are step-by-step, using it, you can do everything yourself.
The main thing is to prepare all the necessary tools and materials in advance. We wish you good luck with insulating the steam room!
How to insulate a steam room in a bath with your own hands
Foreword... In Russia, since ancient times, baths were built from log cabins, today, along with this traditional material, timber, foam block, expanded clay and other modern materials are used. Thermal insulation of the steam room will solve the problem of rapid heat loss and the heat from the steam room will not go away so quickly.
How to properly insulate a steam room in a wooden bath? The thermal insulation of the dressing room and the steam room will be of high quality if the work touches all three planes of the steam room - the floor, walls and ceiling. Most of the heat escapes through the ceiling of the bath, but the rest of the surfaces should not be ignored, including the door to the bath. Consider how to properly insulate a steam room in a bath.
Do I need to insulate the steam room in the bath
Photo. Do-it-yourself steam room insulation
Despite the low thermal conductivity of modern and traditional materials, any steam room needs high-quality insulation. Especially when it comes to internal thermal insulation of structures in the steam room - walls, floor and ceiling. Thermal insulation of the steam room is a very responsible matter; during the work, you should strictly follow the instructions of the manufacturers and take into account other nuances.
For example, not all heat and vapor barrier materials can be used for finishing the floor and ceiling in a bath. Many materials do not withstand moisture, and if you use roofing material or glassine in this room, then visiting the steam room can spoil the unpleasant odors from these materials. The choice of thermal insulation is carried out depending on the material from which the bath was built.
How to insulate a steam room in a bath from the inside
The most common materials for the construction of bath walls are logs, beams, foam concrete, aerated concrete or expanded clay concrete. Compared to natural wood, the thermal conductivity of the blocks is higher, which means that the thermal insulation of the steam room is simply necessary. But, before considering the technology of work, you should figure out how and how to insulate a steam room in a bath from a bar with your own hands.
If basalt wool was chosen as thermal insulation, then a high-quality vapor barrier of mineral wool should be made, since this material absorbs moisture. The most balanced solution for finishing wet rooms is penoplex or foil-clad penofol. Extruded polystyrene foam is often used for self-insulation of strip foundations and blind areas of a private house.
For owners of baths from blocks, there is no question whether or not the room needs to be insulated from the inside. It is important to learn how to insulate a steam room in a bathhouse from blocks on your own. Thermal insulation technology is divided into three main stages: arrangement and insulation of walls, floors, and the ceiling of the steam room of a bathhouse made of bricks. All work can be done on your own and inexpensively.
How to insulate the walls of the steam room with your own hands
Photo. Thermal insulation of walls in a steam room made of logs
Thermal insulation of log walls in the steam room from the inside is a layered "cake" of vapor barrier, heat-insulating and waterproofing layer. A vapor barrier film from the side of a warm room protects the mineral wool from moisture and steam, in addition, it additionally creates the effect of a "thermos" in the steam room and is a natural reflector of heat.
Rolled waterproofing prevents moisture from entering the walls from a log or timber, protects the structure from condensation and the formation of fungus and prevents the process of rotting of the structure. To do this, use plastic wrap, expanded polyethylene or foil. The waterproofing film is placed between the thermal insulation layer and the walls in a steam room made of blocks or wood.
The insulation layer itself is laid between the guides fixed to the wall. When installing the frame, pay attention that the distance between the guides should be 1 cm less than the width of the mineral wool slab so that the basalt slab fits snugly into the frame. If you use slab thermal insulation, then all gaps should be thoroughly foamed.
How to insulate the ceiling of the steam room with your own hands
Photo. Thermal insulation of the ceiling in the steam room
If many neglect the thermal insulation of the walls, then it is simply necessary to do the insulation of the ceiling in the steam room with your own hands in any bath. Since this part of any building is the most vulnerable in terms of heat loss. Hot air leaves the room through the ceiling ceiling of the steam room in a short time.
For thermal insulation of the ceiling in the steam room, they used to use inexpensive foot materials - sawdust mixed with ordinary earth or expanded clay. Loose thermal insulation covered the ceiling boards above the steam room, thereby significantly reducing the heat loss of the room. These "old-fashioned" methods, even with the arrival of new materials, have not lost their relevance to this day.
The ideal option for finishing the ceiling in the steam room is the thermal insulation of this structure from the outside, i.e. from the attic side. To do this, use glass wool or basalt insulation. Where the chimney pipe comes out of the ceiling, you should use a non-combustible insulation - expanded clay or Minvata Rocklight. Let's consider further how to insulate the floor in a steam room.
How to insulate the floor of the steam room with your own hands
Photo. Insulation of the floor in the steam room with penoplex
Consider a more common option for floor insulation in a steam room - using foam or extruded polystyrene foam. Penoplex extrusion meets all the necessary requirements for the thermal insulation of wet rooms. This material does not absorb moisture, is not afraid of rodents, but the insulation should be laid only on a flat base.
Most often, the floor in the bath is insulated under the screed. To do this, a waterproofing film is laid on the ground to protect it from groundwater, then a slab insulation is laid. Gaps and gaps between the plates should be sealed with polyurethane foam. At the end, a reinforcing mesh is laid and a concrete screed is made. For waterproofing concrete, use a penetrating composition of penetron or water glass.
For finishing the floor in the steam room, floor tiles or porcelain stoneware are used. You can also lay the wood floor on logs to make your feet feel more pleasant and warm.
How to insulate a steam room
Without a good steam room, the bath loses its meaning of existence. During the construction of the baths, special attention is paid to this room. The main task of the steam room is to store hot air and steam for a long time, to ensure the quality of bath procedures at the highest level. And the main job of the builders is to insulate the steam room in the bath in such a way as to exclude long heating and rapid cooling, to increase the concentration of steam.
Poorly performed thermal insulation work, the use of low-quality materials will inevitably lead to the appearance of dampness, mold, rotting of wooden structures. This applies to all surfaces of the steam room: floor, walls, ceiling. It is very important to scrupulously and step by step carry out the work on insulating the steam room from the inside, step by step instructions will help you to correctly navigate in the sequence of actions and the choice of materials.
The choice of insulation
The steam room is a specific room, therefore, the choice of heat-insulating materials for walls, ceiling and floor should be approached responsibly. Insulation for the steam room should be moisture resistant, not afraid of significant temperatures, and not emit toxic substances. Most of all, mineral wool is suitable for these definitions, or rather its type - stone or basalt wool. It is also produced in the form of plates of various thicknesses and dimensions. The material is easily cut with an ordinary construction knife, so stone wool slabs are very easy to adjust to the required dimensions. For arranging the floor and ceiling from the outside, bulk insulation is used - expanded clay or expanded perlite.
Foil-clad material is the most suitable as vapor and waterproofing for steam rooms. It is available on a foam base or on kraft paper. You can use any of them, but in the case of warming the steam room from the inside, preference is usually given to the second option.
The procedure for performing insulation procedures
The process of insulating the steam room in the bath goes from top to bottom. That is, work begins from the ceiling, then the walls and, last of all, the floor. It will not be superfluous to remind you that before starting insulation work, you should clean the wooden surfaces from dust, signs of fungal manifestations. It is necessary to treat the wood with antiseptic preparations and a fire retardant, since it is possible to insulate the steam room in the bath from the inside with high quality and efficiency only on a well-prepared basis.
Ceiling insulation
Ceiling insulation is most conveniently done from the attic side. Ideally, do it from both sides, because the ceiling is one of the most vulnerable parts of any building, especially the baths. It is through this structure that the largest share of heat loss from the inside occurs. So, from above:
- a layer of a rolled vapor barrier is attached to the rough ceiling, tightly closing all joints and overlap on the pediment and rafters;
- a layer of expanded clay or foamed perlite is poured, leveled;
- in the places of contact of the thermal insulation with the chimney, they are treated with fire retardant mastics.
Thermal insulation of a steam room in a wooden bath from the inside on the ceiling is as follows. If the ceiling structure below has a smooth surface, then a frame is built on it. In the case of ribs, this is not necessary. The first layer of the thermal insulation cake is a vapor barrier membrane, which is attached to the base, observing the configuration of the ribbed surface. Then, stone wool slabs are placed as tightly as possible between the beams and covered with another layer of vapor barrier. The next stage of warming the steam room, its upper part, is the device of a protective layer of foil material. The joints between the individual sheets are sealed with aluminum foil tape. Particular attention must be paid to the places where the ceiling meets the walls in order to prevent the slightest possibility of the appearance of "cold bridges". If necessary, use polyurethane foam.
Baths are built not only from wood, there are options for brick buildings. In such buildings, the process of performing thermal insulation works looks somewhat different. Thermal insulation of a steam room in a brick bath begins at the stage of construction of the roof structure. The supporting ceiling beams, which are to be embedded in brick walls, are wrapped with two or three layers of glassine or roofing material before laying. The nests for them are made a little wider than the beams themselves, the free space is filled with polyurethane foam or mortar. Outside, the recesses are covered with masonry. Further, the installation of the ceiling structure is carried out, and the insulation is performed in the same way as in a log house.
Thermal insulation of walls
Warming of the wall surfaces of a brick bath begins with the application of a waterproofing layer on them. Most often, roll materials or mastics that do not contain bitumen are used. Because the specific smell of this material, when heated, can penetrate into the room and spoil the positive impression of visiting the steam room. Further, the process of producing thermal insulation works for walls made of brick and wood is the same and is performed in the following order:
- vertically spaced bars are stuffed on the walls with a step equal to the width of the stone wool slabs;
- using a construction stapler, a vapor barrier membrane is attached, carefully wrapping each beam with it;
- insulating material is tightly placed between the bars in one or two layers, depending on the thickness of the plates; stone wool is a little springy, so it holds well by itself and does not require additional fastening;
- the upper vapor barrier layer is made of aluminum foil on kraft paper, you can use foil-based material on a foam basis, but the first option works more reliably in humid conditions.
The foil is fastened end-to-end, and the seams are closed with a special protective tape on an adhesive basis. All work must be done carefully and responsibly, but the sealing of the corners and joints between the walls and the ceiling surface requires special care.
Floor insulation
It is no less important to make warm floors in the steam room than to insulate the walls and ceiling with high quality. You can use two options: using board materials or bulk materials. However, in both cases, it is necessary to start with surface leveling and a rough preparation device. And here, too, there can be two versions: with a drain and without it. By and large, water is not used in the steam room, so there is no need to arrange a drain hole there. But some developers do it. Then, when arranging a floor cake, starting from the preparatory layer, slopes are made towards the drain. Otherwise, the floor must be strictly horizontal. Now about the floor structure itself:
- Warming with expanded polystyrene plates. According to the rough preparation, a layer of waterproofing is laid with a slight overlap on the walls. Then the insulation plates are laid in one or two rows, depending on the thickness. The next step is the laying of the reinforcing mesh and then the screed with cement-sand mortar.
- For insulation with bulk materials, expanded clay or perlite is used. In the beginning, be sure to do waterproofing. Then a layer of dry insulation of the required thickness is poured, leveled with a plastering rule according to the level. The covering layer is made with a concrete mixture or mortar.
The clean floor in the sauna is made of rough ceramic tiles, porcelain stoneware. Traditional wood flooring is often used. The terrace board behaves perfectly. In addition, its use is useful in terms of safety, since the board has a grooved surface and does not slip.
Wall and ceiling cladding in the steam room
For cladding the walls and ceiling in the steam room, wooden lining is usually used. Each owner chooses and equips the design of the steam room of the bathhouse to his liking. However, there are general rules that must be followed. First of all, it is the type of wood from which the lining is made. Linden, aspen, larch are considered the most suitable. The use of rocks containing a large amount of resin is undesirable. At high temperatures, they give off vapors with a heavy odor. The next requirement is that the lining should not have knots, cracks and other defects. That is, high quality material is best suited for facing the steam room.
The principle of wall and ceiling cladding is traditional. A crate is made on aluminum foil with the location of the bar for the planned layout of the lining. Then the strips are attached to the frame, connecting them with thorn-groove locks.
Insulating the steam room from the inside - step by step instructions
Before insulating the steam room, the owner of the bath must choose the correct thermal insulation material, focusing on the following recommendations:
First, the insulator must exhibit high stopping power. The heat transfer coefficient should not rise above 0.2 W / (m K). And that's just for flooring. And for wall and ceiling insulation, it is better to use a material with a coefficient of 0.2 W / (m K).
Secondly, the insulator must not react to moisture. Especially outdoor material. For walls and ceilings, we can use a membrane or reflector that cuts off moisture, but in the case of a floor, this material will not work.
Thirdly, an open (floor) insulator must have high mechanical strength. There are no special requirements for the walls and attic floor. Here, the characteristics of the material can be increased by external finishing.
Fourthly, the insulation of the steam room assumes constant contact of the material with the area of high temperatures. Some amateurs manage to heat the room up to 100-120 degrees Celsius, and 75-80 ° C is considered a normal temperature. Therefore, the insulation should not melt or catch fire even in the case of a long, many hours stay in this temperature range.
Fifth, the material must be absolutely neutral to the human body. The release of harmful substances and the provocation of allergic reactions is excluded in principle. People go to the bathhouse for health, and not for new sores.
As a result, granular expanded clay should be recognized as the best insulation option for the field. He is not afraid of either mechanical stress or moisture. It is better to put plain or foil mineral (basalt) wool on the walls and ceiling. It will withstand heating, and a finishing layer will protect it from moisture and possible mechanical stress.
Polyfoam, expanded polystyrene, foil-clad polyethylene are not suitable for warming a steam room - they cannot withstand heating even up to 70 degrees Celsius.
Well, now that we have selected the materials, you can proceed to the direct insulation of the steam room from the inside, having previously studied the step-by-step instructions for the floor, ceiling and walls.
How to insulate the floor - layer-by-layer review
To do this, we will have to form a multilayer structure in the direction from the ground, consisting of waterproofing, thermal insulation and finishing. The first layer is waterproofing. It is made in the form of a plastic film, which is laid on the prepared soil. Moreover, the preparation consists in adding a layer of sand, with a thickness of 15 centimeters.
The second layer is thermal insulation. Formed on the basis of expanded clay bedding. The thickness of this layer is usually equal to twice the thickness of the walls and ranges from 30 to 40 centimeters. Moreover, upon completion of the formation of the bedding layer, we must go to the level of the first crown of the bathhouse.
Expanded clay is perfect for thermal insulation of the steam room floor
Next, a reinforcing mesh with 20-cm cells is laid on expanded clay and a screed is poured using a sand-cement mortar with a filler. The optimum screed thickness is from 5 to 8 centimeters. At the same time, along the perimeter of the floor, at the level of the future plinth, it is necessary to fill a waterproof foil skirt that protects the logs from contact with concrete.
For finishing the heat-resistant floor, use tiles or boards laid on the crate.
We insulate the ceiling - step by step instructions
To insulate the ceiling in the steam room, a completely different heat insulator is needed - foil mineral wool. It can withstand heating up to 700 degrees Celsius and can easily withstand the usual temperature in this zone of the steam room, which does not rise above 160-180 ° C.
The finishing process itself begins with covering the ceiling with an antiseptic primer, which protects the boards from mildew and mildew. The second step is to fill the sheathing boards on the ceiling, the depth of which should be equal to the thickness of the insulation (usually 10 centimeters). The pitch of the boards is equal to the width of a standard strip of mineral wool.
The ceiling is insulated with foil mineral wool
The third step is laying the insulation. After completing the assembly of the lathing, the space between the boards is filled with mineral wool, laid with foil outside (towards the floor). And all joints are carefully glued with foil tape. After completing the work, there should be no gaps in the ceiling.
The final step is installation over the lathing of a finishing board (lining) or plywood panels. Moreover, in this case, it is necessary to read the description of the specification for the lining - options from pine and spruce and other resinous trees are not suitable in this case. The ideal lining for a bath is made from hard deciduous trees.
How to insulate the walls in the steam room - an overview of the process
Arrangement of vertical thermal insulation on the walls of the bath does not require the use of expensive foil-clad mineral wool. In this case, it is enough to take ordinary mineral wool and aluminum foil, which will serve as a good vapor barrier and high temperature shield.
The installation process itself is as follows:
- We saturate the walls with an antiseptic - it will protect the frame from rot and fungus.
- We stuff boards on the walls with a thickness of 3-4 centimeters and a width of 2-3 cm more than the depth of the insulation. The pitch of the boards should match the width of the rockwool roll. At the end, all boards must be impregnated with an antiseptic.
- We put mineral wool on dry logs (the antiseptic must dry), filling the spaces between the boards.
- We stuff aluminum foil over the sheathing, rolling it in horizontal stripes from bottom to top. In this case, the upper strip should overlap the lower one (2-3 centimeters will be enough). And here it is better to use staples (from a stapler) as fasteners. Moreover, it is better to glue the joints with foil tape.
- We fill the boards with strips 2 centimeters thick, pre-soaked with an antiseptic. This will form the counter grill. And at the end, on top of these planks, we mount the hardwood lining.
Such a scheme allows you to assemble a very effective thermal insulation, protected from mechanical influences by finishing from the lining. Therefore, almost all steam rooms are finished according to this scheme.
Insulating the steam room from the inside step by step video instructions
Warming the steam room from the inside step-by-step instruction video Warming the steam room allows you to solve the problem with the loss of heat, otherwise the effect of visiting the bath will be reduced to zero. Thermal insulation
Warming the steam room from the inside on your own
The bath helps us to relax not only with our body, but also with our soul.
Therefore, it is important that finishing materials not only fulfill their direct function, but also please with an attractive appearance.
A few general rules
The first step before the next treatment is to prepare the work surfaces.
It is necessary to inspect the base for whether there is fungus and mold on it.
Foreign inclusions and protrusions must also be absent.
To get rid of the fungus, it is enough to use a conventional antiseptic composition.
Without it, the insulation of the steam room from the inside will remain ineffective.
It is important to pay attention to the safety of materials.
The main requirement in this case is the ability to withstand high temperatures. Materials must not absorb moisture, must have reliable protection against mold.
And stay durable. Aluminum foil and basalt are good, modern solutions. The technology itself plays just as important a role as the materials.
How can isolation be done
In the course of the work we will get a kind of "sandwich". It usually consists of several layers.
- Waterproofing. Prevents the appearance of fungal and mold growth. And prevents the activation of decay processes. This layer also protects the walls from condensation. It forms when hot steam is exposed to the surface. Plastic wrap or foil is considered the best waterproofing material. This is also required by the insulation of the steam room from the inside in a wooden bath.
- Thermal insulation. Plain, clean paper is first laid on the base. The insulating layer is applied only after that. The paper base makes it so that even the minimum amount of harmful substances is not released into the air. The paper makes the minimum amount of hot air escape. After that, a wooden frame is attached from above with the same width as that of the insulation material itself. Synthetic board or rock wool are often excellent insulation materials.
- A vapor barrier is needed to protect the thermal insulation from the effects of steam. It also reflects heat radiation. And it creates a kind of "thermos" effect. This layer is made of foil, with a thickness of up to 65 microns. Installation is carried out to the lathing made of wood. What are small nails or a stapler used for? The main thing is to carefully cover all edges and joints with foil. Then the steam will definitely not penetrate into the insulation.
- Internal cladding. For which all surfaces are faced with clapboard. The frame is mounted on top of the thermal insulation layer. The lining itself, which is made from different types of wood, is also laid on the frame itself. The most important characteristic in this case is the minimum density.
What materials to choose
The question is not only about choosing between materials of artificial and natural origin. There are several other factors to consider.
This applies to the purpose and appearance, cost. Materials that solve this issue can be attributed to one of the following groups, depending on their properties.
- Wall blocks and slabs.
- Matte and lamellar, fibrous varieties.
- Backfills with different densities
Several groups are distinguished by chemical composition:
- Which have a plastic base. This includes Styrofoam and Styrofoam.
- Technoblocks and technovets. This is a group of techno-heaters.
- Inorganic compounds include glass and mineral wool, basalt fiber.
- Organic. This includes wood concrete and fibrolite, aquavata.
Each of the varieties has both advantages and disadvantages. For example, plastic heaters are not very suitable for insulating steam rooms from the inside.
This is due to the fact that such a base does not resist the effects of open fire. But they can insulate other rooms that are part of the bathhouse.
In turn, organic substrates benefit from environmental friendliness. Their cost always remains affordable. But, if you do not use special compounds for processing, the material remains flammable.
Inorganic varieties are considered more versatile and practical. This is why mineral wool has become such a popular solution.
Internal insulation will be more effective with materials such as:
- Aluminum foil
- Polyethylene materials
- Glassine base
- Ruberoid types
Vapor barrier with glassine and roofing felt will not give the desired result. After all, these materials, when exposed to high temperatures, emit chemically active and harmful substances.
But glassine in general is often taken in order to insulate baths. But best of all, it has proven itself in conjunction with materials such as lining, aluminum foil, mineral wool and frame.
There are several schemes according to which insulation is performed. But one of them has become the most widespread. For example, when using lining with fibrous insulation.
- It all starts with the fact that a frame is created on the working wall surface. We take lathing laths, horizontal and vertical, we fix them on the wall. The timber should be thicker than the insulation, but only by 20-30 millimeters. This margin is necessary to predict possible shifts.
- After that, the wall is sheathed using mineral wool.
- The vapor barrier layer is laid on the insulation. The main thing is to overlap the materials. For places with joints, their sealing, thin slats are used. A distance of about 3 centimeters should remain between the mineral wool and the vapor barrier.
- The lining is stuffed onto the surface of the vertical lathing. The width of the latter is 40-50 mm. There is still a distance, which will be a kind of gap for the ventilation system.
Such work has proven to be effective. But they require certain costs, both in terms of time and effort.
There are now materials on the market that greatly simplify the whole process. Moreover, they combine the function of waterproofing and vapor barrier.
One of these options is foil foam. This is a fire-resistant insulation; no problems arise during its installation. As you can see, the insulation of the steam room from the inside is not so complicated technology.
The scheme described above is well suited for the installation of timber buildings. Panel and frame structures have their own requirements for this process. There are several lightweight materials that will become indispensable helpers when working with panel walls:
Treatment of the heat insulator with milk of lime is an additional requirement. In the future, it will be necessary to dry the base properly. Thanks to this, the fire resistance is increased, rotting will no longer threaten the material.
If the walls are operated in difficult conditions from the point of view of climate, then the walls can be covered with fiberboard, or their analogue - reed slabs. In warm regions, the use of gypsum, cement and chipboard compounds will be relevant.
The order of work for ceilings
Ceilings are most affected by temperatures, which are often 160 degrees. The process of insulation itself and its features depend on the structure of the ceiling itself.
The work will look like this in the presence of an attic or ceiling.
- Cover the ceiling boards with clay. Its layer should be about 20 mm thick.
- Clay is needed in order to effectively retain moisture.
- Wood chips are poured into the cracks that form between the boards.
- Can be used for thermal insulation and other materials. The main thing is that their thickness is at least 200 mm.
The insulation scheme for rooms where the attic is absent looks somewhat different. First, a vapor barrier material is laid there. Sheathing and insulating layer are next, then - ceiling boards with beam beams.
Depending on the materials used and the design features, the order of work will always differ.
Places where insulation and pipes fit together. Between them, an indent of about 200 millimeters must be made in order not to violate fire safety requirements. For this, a special box is constructed from the rafter legs.
It is he who will become the part that separates one part of the structure from another.
The main thing when insulating a bath is to make sure that there are no places through which warm air could leave the room. It is also necessary by all means to prevent the formation of condensation.
About floor insulation
There are two solutions you can use to insulate your steam room floor.
Polystyrene has the important advantage of being a honeycomb structure. Thanks to this, moisture will never penetrate into the material. The thermal insulation properties remain high, even if the surface is subjected to severe mechanical stress.
Thermal insulation of the steam room from the inside
But this material is most often used in baths, which are built of bricks.
It requires additional protection, because the brick itself easily conducts moisture inside.
Expanded polystyrene is a material that meets all safety requirements.
But the surface requires preliminary preparation before using such a material.
The main requirements are strength and evenness. Thorough drying is indispensable.
A layer of waterproofing is placed on top of the material prepared in advance. Then, from above, the polystyrene foam plates themselves are installed.
It is important here to make sure that there are no places left without processing. Gaps and crevices can cause the formation of so-called cold bridges, so they should also be absent.
Decorative coatings are also laid on top, but only after the base has completely dried. Ceramic tiles are one of the best solutions today.
But the creation of a demountable floor made of wood is also allowed. It fits perfectly into the interior of the bath. And walking on such a surface is very pleasant. With a removable structure, you can dry the boards without any problems, which extends the overall service life.
About ventilation in the bath
It is impossible not to consider this issue, touching on the topic of insulation.
Particularly stringent requirements are imposed on this part of the system in the bath. Ventilation should not only provide airflow to the interior of the room. It is important that it does not let the cold pass inside, but retains the warmth.
To solve this problem, it is necessary to create special supply and exhaust ducts. An inlet is located near the stove, slightly above the floor level.
As for the exhaust duct, it should be on the opposite side, in the upper part of the room. Special dampers provide air flow regulation. One more condition must be met for the system to function normally - that the inlet is half the size of the outlet.
The work is regulated by valves. If you manage them correctly, you can achieve the desired results. If you open only one valve, only pleasant aromas will remain in the room, the air will be fresh. Intensive forced ventilation is organized by opening two valves at once.
About waterproofing the floor
The base and its materials determine which insulation method is used in a particular case. Each method should be considered separately.
Concrete floor insulation
This is the simplest and most affordable waterproofing solution for those with a steam room. It is suitable for sinks where the floor is completely filled with concrete. The order of work will be as follows.
- First, the floor surface is leveled until there are no deviations at all. Even the slightest dimples and bumps are unacceptable.
- After that, proceed to the application of bituminous mastic. We must wait until it dries.
- Polyethylene film, roofing material are laid on top of this layer.
- The base of the floor is ready, you can proceed to laying the ceramic tiles.
There is also a second method. Its implementation is more complicated. But the result justifies all the costs, such waterproofing will pleasantly surprise you with its high quality. There are several steps to take.
- A plywood sheet is fixed on the surface of the subfloor.
- Hydrosol is placed on top of plywood. This is a material whose edges are led behind the wall.
- All joints in the waterproofing layer are reinforced with aluminum tape.
- Places of seams and joints that have remained untreated are sealed with an ordinary construction hairdryer.
- Next comes the laying of the reinforced mesh, the laying of the concrete solution.
- The last stage includes decorative cladding.
To prevent all walls from getting dirty, the lining is covered with tape. It is also necessary to look at how old the log house is for the bath. Until the moment of complete shrinkage, buildings usually stand at least two years. Otherwise, the floor surface will deform.
We insulate the wooden floor
This insulation method is very similar to what we wrote about earlier. Differs in the simplest step-by-step instructions.
- A layer of mineral wool mat with a minimum thickness of 15 cm is fixed under the lags.
- Roofing material or euroruberoid is fixed over the first layer.
- Wooden structures require mandatory antiseptic treatment. This will eliminate the risk of rotting. And will protect materials from spontaneous combustion, eating by insects.
- The subfloor must be laid on top of the antiseptic layer. After that, everything is sheathed using lining.
- Only the decorative cladding will remain.
Insulation of the door with mineral wool
Thermal insulation of a bath is a process that takes place somewhat differently than in other rooms.
The main difference is the high temperature and humidity, which persist here all the time.
But solving the problem is not difficult if you follow simple rules.
The seals should be installed on the wall as tightly as possible.
This will avoid the appearance of cracks and cracks through which hot or cold air passes inward.
There will be less chance of excessive moisture and condensation in the bath.
Drying of the insulation is provided only by ventilation gaps, therefore it is not recommended to forget about them.
Ceilings must withstand the highest temperatures, this is always worth remembering. The main thing is not to use materials for insulation in this part of the room that are too easily deformable.
Or those species that release harmful chemicals when exposed to high temperatures. Condensation collects on plastic without any problems.
Doors, thresholds in the room also affect the performance of thermal insulation. A large gap under the door can lead to a low heat capacity of the steam room. There is always a solution - just install low doors that have a large sill.
Warming the steam room from the inside on your own
The bath helps us to relax not only with our body, but also with our soul. Therefore, it is important that finishing materials not only fulfill their direct function, but also
