Biological septic tanks without pumping. How to make a septic tank without pumping out with your own hands - a step-by-step guide and photos of budget options
When arranging a private sewage system on the site, the owners of country houses or summer cottages previously used the method of building a standard sewer pit, which required periodic cleaning and at the same time gave an unpleasant smell to the entire district. However, today progress has gone far ahead and allows not only to create high-quality sewage tanks, but also to take care of the environment. At the same time, significant savings in the family budget in this case is not in the last place. Such a perfect mechanism for the treatment of domestic waste water is a septic tank without pumping out.
About what kind of "beast" it is, how septic tanks work without pumping out, and what are the principles of their construction, we will understand below.
A septic tank is a special treatment plant consisting of two or three chambers connected by overflow hoses. Such a system serves to collect domestic waste water, settle it, further purify it and then transport it to the ground.
According to SNiP, household waste water from a summer cottage, bathhouse, country house, etc., which has been purified through a sump, is considered suitable for discharging into nearby water bodies, into the soil or roadside ditches. Since such a liquid is purified in a septic tank by 90%.
The principle of operation of such a system is as follows:
- Domestic waste water flows through a sewer pipe into the first chamber of the tank - a sealed storage tank. Here the dirty water settles and is divided into large heavy particles, which, under the influence of gravity, settle to the bottom, and more clarified water.
- After that, light water is poured by gravity or with the help of pumps into the second chamber of the treatment system, where it is further purified. Here again, larger particles of impurities settle to the bottom, and light water pours into the third - a sealed drainage chamber. Here the chamber no longer has a bottom, but is equipped with a special filter made of rubble. Through it, the purified water is sent simply into the ground.
Important: the main disadvantage of such a wastewater treatment system is its energy dependence and the need for regular cleaning (once a year) of sludge from the first and second settling tanks, which can give an unpleasant odor. But here, too, there is a solution - a septic tank without pumping out and electricity.
How does the system work without pumping out?
Septic tanks without pumping and electricity are analogs of the septic tanks described above, only beneficial bacteria do the main work in them. It is they who provide high-quality processing of residual sludge, which allows you to avoid unpleasant odors in the country and evade the constant need to pump out sludge residues from the septic tank chambers. But about everything in detail.
A septic tank that handles wastewater without outside interference is called a biological septic tank. Here, not only mechanical clarification of water takes place, but also its biological purification. As a result of such treatment, the effluent is considered 98% clean.
Important: as a result of the work of bacteria, organic sludge also collects in the well. But its elimination is carried out once every 5-7 years, which is significantly different from the cleaning of a standard mechanical septic tank. In addition, organic sludge from a biological septic tank does not pose any threat to the environment, does not have a pungent odor and can be used as fertilizer in the country.
A biological septic tank without pumping has a standard structure of two or three chambers. Just like in a standard treatment tank, the effluent first accumulates in the first chamber. Only here oxygen and aerobic bacteria come into play, which interact with each other, contribute to a more thorough water purification. That is, in addition to the fact that organic matter settles to the bottom, it also decomposes into the simplest components under the influence of aerobic bacteria.
Important: for the quality work of bacteria in a septic tank for a summer residence without pumping out, it is necessary to ensure a constant flow of oxygen into the first and second chambers. In addition, reliable ventilation will eliminate the likelihood of the spread of unpleasant odors in the country.
Advantages and disadvantages of a wastewater treatment plant without pumping
The biological septic tank without pumping is distinguished by a number of advantages, the main of which are:
- High quality cleaning of domestic wastewater in the country or in a country house;
- Absence of a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide in the area;
- The ability to hide the drainage tank in the ground and not spoil the landscape design of the site;
- Saving the family budget;
- The ability of a septic tank to process wastewater with impurities of household chemicals (except for chlorine);
- Full compliance with all sanitary standards.
Important: the only drawback of such a structure is its cost. But it completely pays for itself during the operation of the structure.
What material is better to make biological septic tanks?
For a septic tank device without pumping out for a summer residence, you can use both ready-made plastic tanks with thick walls and stiffening ribs, and prefabricated structures made of various materials. The most popular are:
- Concrete rings. Such elements for treatment wells are heavy, which completely excludes washing out due to rains or spring melting of snow. But concrete is a porous material, which does not exclude the destruction of the structure of the septic tank over time under the influence of an aggressive environment. In addition, the tightness of a well assembled from concrete rings can be broken over time, even if a special sealant is used. In addition, the installation of a concrete septic tank will require the involvement of special equipment, and this is not always convenient on the site. Especially if the septic tank is located at the back of the site and the car's entrance there will be difficult.
- Brick . Simple brickwork also allows for the construction of chambers for a sewage treatment plant. Brick septic tanks without pumping out are quite durable and easy to use. Here are just the hygroscopicity of the brick can eventually cause the flow of not yet treated drains into the ground. Therefore, either it is necessary to ensure thorough sealing of all joints of the masonry, or to use a more sealed material.
- Plastic containers or PVC rings... Ready-made structures made of durable plastic are widely used in the construction of septic tanks without pumping. Such reservoirs are analogs of the Topol biological station, which also operates without pumping. Plastic cubes or barrels perfectly withstand crushing or heaving of the soil, provided they are securely anchored to a concrete slab. Plastic tanks, as well as the Topol septic tank, serve for over 100 years, are not subject to the aggressive effects of drains and have increased strength.
- Also, a septic tank without pumping out without electricity can be built from old car tires subject to their integrity. Here, the tires are mounted on top of each other like a well until the desired tank volume is reached.
Important: a septic tank from tires is subject to deformation, which, in turn, can lead to depressurization. Therefore, such a structure is suitable for installation in those areas where the groundwater level is sufficiently low. Otherwise, during the seasonal melting of snows or rains, the well will be washed away or squeezed.
Important principles for installing a biological septic tank
In order for septic tanks to work efficiently without pumping out without electricity, it is necessary to adhere to several important principles at the stages of its design and installation. Otherwise, all efforts may soon simply come to naught, and then you will have to redo everything again.
- So, first of all, when building a septic tank, you need to correctly calculate its volume. For this, the average figure is taken as the number of 200 liters per person per day in accordance with the rules of SNiP. We multiply this number by three (the number of days during which there is an influx of wastewater into the septic tank). The result (600 liters) is multiplied by the number of people living in the house. For example, 3 people live in the house. This means 600x3 = 1800 l or 1.8 m3. Here the volume should be rounded up to the nearest whole number. Thus, for three people, the biological septic tank should have a volume of 2 m3. In this case, the result obtained must be divided by the number of septic tanks. So, if a two-chamber treatment system is supposed, then the first storage tank should be 3/4 of the total volume. If it is planned to build a three-chamber septic tank for a summer residence, then here the volume of the first storage chamber can be 2/3 of the total volume.
- The first two chambers of the septic tank must be sealed. The third (or last chamber, depending on the design of the septic tank) is made with a drainage bottom. A layer of rubble acts as drainage.
Important: To increase the drainage area, perforated pipes can be diverted from the third chamber of the treatment plant, through which the clarified water will be sent to the ground.
- It is imperative to locate a septic tank away from all residential and utility rooms, as well as away from a neighboring fence and an aquifer. The rules are spelled out in SNiP. So, a septic tank should be located at a distance of at least 8-10 meters from the house. From a well or a well - 30-50 meters. From a natural reservoir - 30 meters. From a neighbor's fence - at least 3 meters. Also, when constructing a treatment plant, it is imperative to take into account the direction of movement of groundwater.
Ensuring reliable operation of a biological septic tank
In order for the septic tank to work without failures, it is necessary to ensure its correct installation. In addition, preventative maintenance will be required. Some confident summer residents resort to tricks that allow you to control the operation of the sump.
- To eliminate the risk of sewage overflow, water level control sensors are installed.
- If the biological septic tank is not used regularly, then there is a risk of freezing bacteria. In order to awaken them or resume the operation of the septic tank, you will have to purchase bacteria from a specialized store and run them through the sewer pipe along with enough water and air.
- Sometimes bacteria can stop their action due to insufficient air. Here it will be necessary to improve the oxygen supply system, otherwise the efficiency of the septic tank will be minimal.
Important: if you do not want to mess around with the arrangement of a biological treatment system without the need for pumping out and without consuming electricity, then you can simply purchase a biological station that works without any human intervention. In this case, Topol stations proved to be excellent.
About Topol stations
Biological septic stations "Topol" - improved equipment for the treatment of domestic wastewater. Equipment "Topol" has the form of a monolithic plastic tank, divided inside into four chambers. The station is equipped with special bacteriological filters, overflow hoses, compressor and ventilation system. Thus, the Topol septic tank independently cope with domestic wastewater, draining it subsequently into the ground.
Depending on the amount of processed wastewater, all Topol stations are divided into the following models:
- "Poplar" 5 - septic tank for 5 or less people living in the house. The station processes 1 m3 of water per day and can receive up to 250 liters of water one time.
- "Poplar" -8. Wastewater treatment plant for 8 or less people living in the house. The station processes 2 m3 of water.
- Station "Topol" -10... It is used in conditions of increased complexity and is designed to treat more than 3 m3 of wastewater per day.
In any case, Topol stations consume 1.2 kW / h, which makes them quite economical.
Important: sellers at specialized points of sale will always help you to choose a high-quality sewage treatment plant for domestic wastewater.
Myth or reality - without buying expensive equipment, arranging a septic tank, which without pumping will be able to work at maximum load? With a competent approach to the issue, such a task is quite solvable, while for very little money.
The device and principle of operation of a septic tank without pumping
If we discard the so-called autonomous treatment plants, the cost of which, even without installation, is very impressive, then the solution to the above problem can be assigned only to a well septic tank. At the same time, so that it does not require pumping out twice a year, it must be properly equipped. And for this, you must first understand how it works, and on what principle it functions.
A classic autonomous septic tank, as a rule, is an underground structure, consisting of three (at least) separate reservoirs:
- Receiver. This is the first container into which waste water from the sewer system is directly discharged. It is sealed and has an overflow pipe at a certain distance from the bottom. The receiver is both a sump and a primary coarse filter. In it, dirty wastewater is separated into solid sludge and liquid. Large particles also settle in it at the bottom together with silt. The liquid, upon reaching the level of the overflow pipe, flows into the next tank.
- Cleaner. Once in this container (it is also, as a rule, completely sealed), the still dirty wastewater undergoes a secondary settling process. But most importantly, in the purifier, sewage can be treated with biologically active additives. Due to them, the decomposition of substances is much faster, the purified water remains on the surface, and everything else - again, precipitates in the form of biologically inactive sludge. Upon reaching the level of the overflow pipeline, 75% purified water enters the third reservoir.
- Drainage. He is also a drainage well. This tank can be either completely sealed or have an open bottom. If it is of a closed type, then its task is to accumulate purified water, which, after filling the container, can be used for watering a vegetable garden, garden and other technical needs. If there is a drainage bottom in the well, then the purified water will gradually go into the ground, saturating it with useful elements.
In fact, this is a full-fledged septic tank, which does not need pumping out, but only on condition that everything is done technologically competently, without errors and shortcomings.
As for septic tanks with additional aeration (AOC), they also do not require any pumping, except for cleaning the bottom of silt. Although these two types of devices are similar in principle, there are still differences. The most important of them lies precisely in the additional treatment of wastewater with oxygen. This is done using constantly running compressors. As you know, oxygen promotes the multiplication of biological microorganisms, which “cleanse” wastewater.
In addition to this technical detail, it is worth noting that the efficiency of a conventional septic tank in comparison with a station is about 25% lower. That is, if only 75% purified water comes out of the septic tank into the drainage well, then for AOC this figure is about 98%.
Pros and cons of septic tanks without pumping
The advantages of such a sewage system are clear from its name. Pumping out a septic tank is a very expensive, and even more unpleasant, pleasure. For this, as a rule, a special technique called a flusher is called once or twice a year. When he works, an unbearable smell spreads over the area. The service of pumping out septic tanks costs a lot of money.
It also takes a lot of time to organize the process. That is why the above-described technologies for collecting and treating wastewater are more common today than the classic, albeit cheap, cesspools.
Disadvantages can also be found here, as, indeed, in any business or equipment. Firstly, arranging a properly working septic tank with your own hands is a real myth. It is simply impossible to do everything right without knowing the norms, nuances, weaknesses and other details.
Secondly, the arrangement of a sewage system, which will not need to be pumped out, is a little more expensive in terms of money than preparing a cesspool. However, due to the fact that the septic tank does not need to be pumped out a couple of times a season, its initial cost pays off in the first two years of operation.
How to equip a septic tank without pumping
As noted earlier, it is best to entrust the calculation and arrangement of the septic tank to professionals. But this does not mean that the user cannot navigate at least in general terms in this matter. This will help to understand correctly what the specialist offers, which options are more acceptable, what for what, and so on.
First, it is worth identifying important points that specialists first of all pay attention to when preparing for the arrangement of an autonomous sewage system:
- the required performance of the septic tank and its volume;
- septic tank material;
- features of local soil;
- the location of the septic tank on the site.
The required performance of the septic tank and its volume
Calculated based on the number of people living in the house. In addition to residents, the number of wastewater collection points is taken into account - toilets, washstands, baths, showers, a washing machine, and so on. As a result, the volume of sewage that will be produced by such a house is displayed, and on the basis of this number, the performance of the septic tank is calculated.
Septic tank material
There are many options in this matter, but the most popular of them are reinforced concrete rings and plastic containers. In the first case, it should be borne in mind that concrete will sooner or later collapse under the influence of corrosion. This will happen, of course, in a few decades, while plastic or fiberglass is practically eternal.
Features of local soil
If, for example, on your site the main soil is solid clay, then the purified water from the drainage well will practically not leave in a natural way. In such cases, it is more expedient to make a sealed storage tank, and adapt the water accumulating in it for agricultural needs.
If the soil is standard, mostly black soil or sand, then there will be no problems with natural drainage. In such situations, as a rule, the bottom for a container with purified water is filled with crushed stone of different fractions.
The location of the septic tank on the site
This is perhaps the most difficult question, which can only be answered unequivocally by an experienced specialist. When determining the place of installation of wells, the distance from the house, the location of natural reservoirs, vegetation, water supply lines and a bunch of other nuances, clearly spelled out in sanitary standards, are taken into account.
The cost of a septic tank without pumping
It is almost impossible to indicate with great accuracy the cost of arranging such a sewer system without first acquaintance with the above nuances. Absolutely everything will affect the total amount - both the type of septic tank, and the material from which it is made, and its distance from the house, and the required performance. The only way you can roughly navigate is the tariffs for certain work performed during the installation of a septic tank (see table below).
You can get specific and most accurate information on septic tanks that do not require any periodic pumping out from our specialists. To contact them, use the given phone number or a convenient feedback form with a consultant on our website.
Autonomous sewerage: tariffs for arrangement in Moscow and the region |
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| Name of works | Units | Rate |
| Turnkey septic tank installation | PC | from 15,000 rubles. |
| Laying the pipeline outside the building (from the house to the septic tank) | n.m. | from 800 rubles |
| Laying pipelines inside the house (to plumbing fixtures) | PC | from 900 rubles |
| Installation of plumbing equipment (toilet, washstand, etc.) | PC | from 1650 rub. |
| Pipe hole in wood (∅ 110 mm) | PC | from 1000 rubles. |
| Pipe hole in concrete (∅ 110 mm) | PC | from 2900 rub. |
| Ask our consultant or measurer for details. | ||
A well-organized system of autonomous sewerage has become the key to comfortable living outside the city. Here, a septic tank replaced the centralized connection to utilities. The drawback of its design was the regular maintenance by the sewer workers. Today, most summer residents know how to make a septic tank without pumping out with their own hands. There is nothing complicated in its structure and principle of operation, it is enough to study the installation scheme, the nuances of placement and the main characteristics of the models.
Three-chamber septic tank scheme
Wastewater treatment plant design
The complexity of building a septic tank without pumping out depends on its performance, device and selected material. All models of the treatment plant work according to the same principle: the wastewater is mechanically separated into fractions, treated with anaerobic bacteria and sent for filtration and discharge.
High efficiency in wastewater treatment can be achieved using a compressor and aerator design. At the outlet of such a system, industrial water is obtained, suitable for household needs. The biological treatment station has a high performance, it does not need pumping out and is environmentally friendly. The main disadvantage of the device is the need to connect to the power supply, therefore, for the uninterrupted operation of the sewer system, it is better to choose a non-volatile option.
The septic tank ensures the accumulation and filtration of effluents. Their cleansing occurs under the action of microorganisms. In order for the bacteria to have time to properly disinfect the waste before seeping into the soil, it is not enough to install a single-chamber structure. The best option for an autonomous septic tank for a country house would be the construction of a two or three-chamber treatment plant.
Attention. It will not be possible to completely avoid pumping, but with the correct size of the septic tank, it is done every 10 years.
The principle of operation of the "eternal" septic tank
The best option, ensuring the long-term operation of the structure without maintenance, is the installation of three tanks. Two of them have a sealed structure, and a layer of gravel and crushed stone is poured on the bottom of the third. Each tank is equipped with a service hatch and a vent pipe for evacuating gases. The process of processing organic matter is slow, so an unpleasant odor does not spread from the septic tank.
The drain from the house is connected to the first chamber; all parts are connected to each other by overflows located in the upper part of the structure. The container into which the drains fall has the largest size, it occupies 50% of the total volume. In the receiving chamber, sedimentation takes place, in which heavy fractions sink to the bottom under the influence of gravity. A greasy film and fine suspensions remain in the partially clarified water, which, after reaching the overflow level, is sent to the next chamber.
Advice. Bottom sediments are treated with anaerobic bacteria, microorganisms can be added from the outside by letting them down the drain.
In the second chamber, the decomposition of organic matter into sludge and gas continues. When the level rises, water enters the last chamber, which is a filter well. Thanks to the crushed stone layer, the remains of solid fractions are removed from the liquid.
The need to pump out the septic tank may arise when bottom sediments fill the first chamber, but due to its size and the vital activity of bacteria, this process lasts for years.
Productivity and location of the treatment plant
The first thing they face when choosing a sump model is its size. For self-calculation, a simple formula is used: the standard of 200 liters is multiplied by the number of residents and tripled. For a family of four you will need: 200x4x3 = 2400 liters or 2.4 cubic meters. m. According to this scheme, it is easy to find out the optimal volume of the septic tank. When calculating, it is worth adding 20% for the reserve, because over time, bottom sediments will increase and take away useful area.
Attention. An incorrect calculation of productivity with an extra volume turns into the death of bacteria, with an insufficient size - flooding of the site.
When choosing a site for a treatment plant, take into account:
- sanitary standards;
- ground water level;
- the depth of freezing in the region.
According to sanitary rules and documents, the safe distance from the septic tank to water bodies and buildings is:
- residential building - 5m;
- well - 20-50 m;
- reservoir - 30 m;
- water pipes - 10 m;
- neighboring plot - 2m.
A septic tank without pumping and odor, when installed with your own hands, is buried to a depth below freezing. It should be separated from the aquifer at least 1 meter.
What materials is a reliable septic tank built of?
In the manufacture of a sewage treatment plant, they try to use improvised building materials on their own, but not all of them are able to ensure tightness and durability of operation. The most common design options are:
- construction of plastic containers (eurocubes);
- concrete rings with a bottom and a filter layer;
- septic tank from car tires;
- monolithic concrete structure.
To understand the strengths and weaknesses of the listed materials, we will consider in detail each structure.
Construction from eurocubes
For a septic tank device, you will need two or three containers. One of them is cut out the bottom to create a filtration layer. Plastic tanks must be placed in a metal frame welded from a profile, this will protect the structure from the effects of soil. Before installation, the inlet and outlet pipes are inserted into the tanks and the holes for the ventilation pipe are cut out. All joints are treated with silicone.
The pit for the tanks is dug with a slope, the second container should be located 20 cm lower than the first. To fix lightweight Euro cubes, a concrete slab is poured at the bottom of the pit, to which the tanks are attached. This will prevent the septic tank from rising by groundwater.
Septic tank from eurocubes with ventilation pipes
Advantages:
- tightness of containers;
- easy installation;
- durability.
Flaws:
- the need to secure.
Construction of tires
Car tires are sometimes used when they are installed without electricity. The design is designed for a small volume of drains. Two holes are dug under the tires, according to the estimated performance. The tires are connected with clamps, and the joints are treated with a sealant. The bottom of the first chamber is lined with polyethylene or roofing felt, with better installation - concreted. For a large family, tires of an increased diameter are used.
Tire connection for sewage treatment plant
Advantages:
- material availability;
- simple installation.
Flaws:
- freezing in winter;
- rapid loss of shape and tightness;
- short service life.
Reinforced concrete rings
You can quickly assemble a septic tank without pumping out and electricity from factory concrete rings. They are offered as a complete set, with bottom and overlap. The robust construction, bonded at the joints with cement mortar and treated with waterproofing, ensures high tightness and safety against flooding. Tanks from rings are obtained of the same size, they are connected with plastic pipes with a diameter of 110 mm.
Under such a septic tank, laborious earthwork will be required, including the digging of two or three pits and a trench for a sewer pipe. The depth of the wells made of rings is 3-4 meters. Tees are installed at the ends of the inlet and outlet pipes to avoid clogging. For access to the elements and cleaning, use hatches or ventilation holes made directly above the tee. All chambers are covered with slabs with hatches and sealed. When filling the wells, a clay castle is made.
Advice. For the equipment of a drainage well, you can buy a special ring with perforation over the entire surface.
Advantages:
- strength and durability;
- the material is not afraid of soil pressure;
- the structure does not freeze in winter.
Flaws:
- labor intensity of installation;
- the need for thorough waterproofing;
- using a crane.
Monolithic concrete treatment plant
One of the most successful designs of a non-volatile septic tank for a summer residence without pumping is made of concrete. For a non-permanent residence, you can make a structure in two sections, and for a country house it is better to increase its size to three. This option is not inferior in strength to a septic tank made of concrete rings, but it is carried out independently, without the involvement of special equipment.
When digging a pit, it should be taken into account that the internal size of the sections will be smaller due to the thickness of the walls. It will take more time to build such a structure than other options. The pouring of concrete walls occurs in stages, with interruptions for solidification. The septic tank is a rectangular sealed tank, divided into sections. The walls and bottom of the chambers must be reinforced before the concrete is poured. Edged boards are used as formwork and spacers. Overflow plastic pipes are inserted into the partitions at an angle, the drain from the house is supplied to the first chamber. Here the effluent will be separated and fed to the second section, where decomposition by microorganisms will continue. The last section is performed without a bottom, sand is poured instead of it, and then a layer of rubble. Through a natural filter, wastewater will go into the soil.
Two-chamber septic tank made of monolithic concrete
Advice. In the manufacture of concrete, Portland cement of the M400 brand is used.
After the construction of the septic tank, the floor slab is poured. A hatch and space for a ventilation pipe are left in it.
Advantages:
- tightness and reliability;
- durability;
- high performance;
- autonomy.
Flaws:
- laborious and time consuming construction process.
Bath septic tank
The bathhouse is one of the attributes of suburban life, its use presupposes household wastewater that needs to be disposed of. Depending on the device or the absence of a toilet in the room, a sump with one or two chambers can be made.
Single chamber construction
A tank without a bottom can be built to clean up "gray waste" consisting of soapy water and small amounts of organic matter. In it, water is purified by passing through a filtration layer of crushed stone and gravel. The depth of the well must be at least 1 meter. The material for its construction is:
- plastic container with holes;
- a barrel without a bottom;
- concrete rings;
- brick.
Two-chamber cleaning
If fecal matter is present in the effluent, more thorough cleaning is necessary. In this case, a septic tank for a bath without pumping out requires the equipment of two chambers. In the first, settling of effluents and separation into fractions will take place. The clarified water will overflow into the drainage well, which is the second chamber, and seep into the soil.
A septic tank without pumping, made by hand, is not inferior in efficiency to factory models, but will cost much less.
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A cesspool is the simplest, but not very successful option for an autonomous sewage system in a private house. Modern technologies offer more convenient solutions, for example, local cleaning stations for industrial production.
A skilled builder is quite capable of making a septic tank with his own hands without pumping out. What options for odorless septic tanks are popular among owners of private houses and what will be required for their construction - we will consider all this in our article.
We will also give an example of assembling a septic tank from concrete rings and compare the ready-made solutions offered by the market with homemade products.
Sewerage facilities are called septic tanks, which practically completely process wastewater, decomposing them into safe components.
All work on the transformation of human waste is assigned to microorganisms. Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria gradually process the low-appetizing sewage masses into water and activated sludge.
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If the device is insulated and properly mothballed, it is not afraid of either winter frosts or spring floods. It will not float or crack, even if some of its contents freeze.
It is, of course, important to correctly install the device. In the process of wastewater treatment, bacteria effectively eliminate the odor characteristic of the sewage system.
The resulting water is, of course, not suitable for drinking, cooking, doing laundry or other household needs. With a high degree of purification, it can be used to water plants on the site.
Often, water is removed through a filtration well or filtration field. Water gradually enters the ground, passing through a treatment system, a layer of sand and gravel.
Sludge that settles at the bottom of the sealed container, of course, does not go anywhere. It accumulates, as a result of which the total volume of the septic tank decreases slightly. When the amount of deposits becomes critical, the device should be cleaned using a special pump.
Cleaning the septic tank is performed much less frequently than pumping out the cesspool, and this process is usually not accompanied by a stench, since the sludge has a completely neutral odor.
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Outside, the septic tank is covered with a layer of waterproofing. Some masters recommend to coat not only the joints, but the entire capacity of the device.
The trench for the sewer pipe leading from the house to the septic tank without pumping out and smelling is laid with a slight slope. At the junction of the septic tank and the pipe, a hole of suitable dimensions is made in the thickness of the concrete.
In the same way, overflow pipes are installed, which connect the individual parts of the septic tank. All joints of the septic tank with pipes must be sealed and covered with a layer of waterproofing.
At the bottom of the last section of the septic tank, instead of cement mortar, a gravel-sand filter is laid. First, sand is poured and leveled, and then a layer of gravel.
It is also allowed to use crushed stone of a suitable fraction for these purposes. The thickness of the filtration layer should be approximately 30-40 cm.
As the upper ceiling of a septic tank made of concrete rings, a special round plate of a suitable size with a sealed lid is used.
After all the compartments of the septic tank are ready, you need to cover them with round concrete slabs, which can be purchased from precast concrete manufacturers, complete with concrete rings.
These covers have holes with sealed concrete covers. It remains to backfill the pits, and the septic tank can be considered ready for operation.
Other options for homemade septic tanks
In addition to concrete rings, you can use other materials to create a septic tank. Consider the most popular materials and options for making septic tanks.
Option # 1 - septic tank from eurocube
The eurocube has already been mentioned - a sealed plastic container.
It is relatively easy to install such a septic tank, but the low physical weight of the plastic should be taken into account. During a spring flood, groundwater can simply push a light container to the surface.
To make such a septic tank heavier, a concrete slab with metal hinges should be laid at the bottom of the pit. The container is fixed to these loops with a metal cable. Sometimes such a septic tank is weighted down with the help of some heavy object, which is fixed at the top of the device.
Option # 2 - monolithic concrete structure
A concrete septic tank can be made by pouring. In this case, it is not necessary to make several pits, you can get by with one large-sized structure and a rectangular configuration.
First, the bottom is concreted, then the formwork is installed and the walls of the septic tank are poured. To divide a large capacity into several sections, concrete walls are made inside.
To pour a concrete septic tank with a solution, you will need to build a wooden formwork, in which holes are immediately made for overflow pipes
A septic tank can be made with your own hands from concrete blocks or bricks, but the masonry should be as tight as possible.
Another option is to make. However, such a material cannot provide sufficient tightness to protect the soil from untreated wastewater.
With the help of tires, you can only make a version of a permeable cesspool. The life of such a device is significantly limited, in contrast to a capital septic tank, which, with proper maintenance, can serve for decades.
Conclusions and useful video on the topic
This video shows in detail the option of creating a two-chamber septic tank:
Of course, a homemade septic tank does not always provide the same high degree of purification as modern VOCs. Nevertheless, these structures function very successfully with relatively low costs for their installation and maintenance.
When building a septic tank, it is important to adhere to technical standards in order to prevent contamination of groundwater.
Do you use a homemade septic tank without pumping out? Tell us, what type of building did you prefer and does your family have enough volume? How often do you clean up and what steps do you take to prepare your septic tank for winter?
Leave your comments under our article - your experience in the construction and operation of a homemade septic tank will be useful to many owners of private houses and summer cottages.
Non-volatile septic tanks
Models that work without electricity and are not "tied" to the presence of power grids are primarily suitable for small country houses. In gardening partnerships and in remote areas, there is a risk of power outages for a rather long period, so you should decide in advance on the equipment for sewage. Of course, users have a natural question, is there a need for a septic tank in the country, if you can simply equip a cesspool. Here we will not persuade the owners of suburban areas, but simply recall the aesthetics, basic amenities and sanitary requirements. And so, TOP5 non-volatile septic tanks.
1. Tank
Septic Tank is made of high-strength plastic with a thickness of 10 mm to 17 mm on the stiffeners. The design of the product provides for the resistance of the model to increased loads that arise when soil pressure in winter and summer. The design service life of the product is at least 50 years, subject to the operating conditions. A simple septic tank works on the principle of preliminary wastewater treatment in the main chamber and subsequent neutralization of the material with a high-performance biofilter. The infiltrator is responsible for the distribution of treated water into the ground.
The special shape of the body protects the septic tank from being squeezed out by the soil, and the possibility of completing the equipment with a high neck makes it possible to place the models at the required depth. The universal design, consisting of block-modules, allows you to collect any volume of a septic tank, and overflow pipes serve as connections.
The operating conditions of the septic tank provide for its periodic cleaning from the accumulated solid sediment. With proper use of the equipment and the use of bacterial colonies, the tank can be cleaned every 4-5 years. With the periodic use of a septic tank, for the winter period, when sewage treatment is not expected, about a third of the water is removed from the tank. We also suggest that you familiarize yourself with a separate article on reviews of Tank septic tanks.
Septic tank characteristics Tank Model name Dimensions (L-W-H) Volume, liters Productivity l / day
| Tank-1 | 1200x1000x1700 | 1200 | 600 |
| Tank-2 | 1800x1200x1700 | 2000 | 800 |
| Tank-2.5 | 2030х1200х1850 | 2500 | 1000 |
| Tank-3 | 2200х1200х2000 | 3000 | 1200 |
| Tank-4 | 3800x1000x1700 | 3600 | 1800 |
2. Triton
Three chambers are responsible for the implementation of the process of removing various suspensions from contaminated water, anaerobic decomposition of biological material and supplying treated wastewater to the filtration site. The septic tank Triton is available in several versions, which makes it possible to choose between models with a volume of 2 to 40 m3.
Once a year or with intensive use twice a year, the container should be cleaned of the accumulated solid sediment. The service life of the plastic container is approximately 50 years. When installing equipment, it is required to provide for an "anchor", a concrete slab or a monolithic concrete surface, which will ensure reliable holding of the septic tank at a given level.
For small country houses and saunas, the Triton-mini models, a compact septic tank for the summer period, designed to receive small wastewater, are suitable. Our review of the septic tank Triton.
Characteristics of the Triton septic tank Model name Dimensions, mm Volume, liters Productivity l / day
| Triton mini | 1250x820x1700 | 750 | 250 |
| Triton ED | 1200x1200x1700 | 1800 | 600 |
| Triton T - 1 | 1200x1170 | 1000 | 300 |
| Triton H - 1 | 1200x1170 | 1000 | 300 |
| Triton H - 2 | 1200x2020 | 2000 | 600 |
3. Tver
Without infiltration fields, the non-volatile septic tank Tver is designed for use in suburban areas of seasonal residence. The water removed from the septic tank can be used as irrigation after all stages of purification have passed, and this is: a sedimentation tank - aeration tank (biodegradation using aerobic bacteria); binding of phosphorus by limestone.
Installation of models is possible on any kind of soil, even if the cottage is located on former peat mines, characterized by an increased aggressive environment. High-strength plastic does not undergo corrosive processes, and an additional "anchor" pre-installed in the pit will not allow the container to "float".
A distinctive feature of the septic tank is the possible intake of a large volume of waste water. If you need to drain the bathtub, then the septic tank will cope without deteriorating the quality of the outlet water and without the risk of releasing untreated wastewater. Our review of the septic tank Tver.
Characteristics of the septic tank Tver Model name Dimensions, mm Volume, liters Productivity l / day
| Tver-0.75P | 2250x850x1670 | 3000 | 750 |
| Tver-1P | 2500x1100x1670 | 3500 | 1000 |
| Tver-1.5P | 3500x1100x1670 | 5000 | 1500 |
| Tver-2P | 4000x1300x1670 | 5500 | 2000 |
4. Aqua-bio
The septic tank is designed for a summer cottage, where it is possible to create a filtration field or any other type of soil purification of water discharged from the tank. A simple septic tank system is based on the passage of contaminated water through five chambers. Initially, the sedimentation of solid suspensions occurs in the first three compartments of the tank, and then, in the other two chambers, the aerobic bacteria in the filter bed “enter” into work.
The advantages of the Aqua-bio septic tank are the ability to purify even heavily contaminated water with organic material. As a result, no reconstruction of filtration fields is required, which remain clean for a long time, and, therefore, there are no additional costs for the operation of the septic tank. The tightness of a durable plastic case excludes the ingress of contaminated wastewater directly into the soil, therefore it can be used both under a toilet and under a drain from a washing machine or bath.
The performance of the various models ranges from 600 liters to 1300 liters per day. Accordingly, the price of a septic tank also depends on this value. A simple calculation will allow you to choose the most suitable model, but you should be aware that such a septic tank is not suitable for soils with high groundwater levels.
Aqua-bio models differ from each other in volume and performance. Currently, containers are produced with a volume of: 2000 liters; 2500 liters; 3000 liters and 3600 liters. Accordingly with the productivity of liters per day: 700; 900; 1100; 1300.
5. Leader
Leader septic tanks use electricity to remove sediment from sedimentation tanks (airlift) and to start an aerator, which oxidizes organic matter. Nevertheless, it can be characterized as non-volatile, since the estimated period of operation without electricity and while maintaining the quality of waste water is at least two weeks. Four-stage purification does not require the use of special biological additives and is resistant to temporary overloads due to sewage pollution.
Wastewater treatment is carried out in such a way that it can be drained to a place convenient for you: a pond, ditches or a drain well. No violations of the ecology and norms for the discharge of pollutants, full consistency with the surrounding nature. The advantages of a septic tank can be added to the absence of the need to make a concrete base and to preserve the equipment during its long idle time.
Local wastewater treatment is carried out according to the principle of passing through all stages of the tank without pumping out the accumulated mass. The first chamber is designed for the mechanical treatment stage - sedimentation of suspended particles and primary clarification of water. The manufacturer indicates that the efficiency of the first chamber reaches 2/3 of the mineral contamination. The second stage is a bioreactor, where anaerobic bacteria initiate fermentation, a process that converts difficult-to-oxidize substances into easier ones for the oxidation process. Bacteria develop on a special polymer line that mimics algae. In the third block of the septic tank, wastewater is purified with oxygen by means of aeration. Bacteria thrive on porous material and in activated sludge. And the result in this victorious battle with sewage is the fourth stage of the septic tank. It is here that deep bio-purification and neutralization of phosphates in an alkaline medium of dissolved limestone is realized.
Characteristics of the septic tank Leader Model name Dimensions, mm Weight of the septic tank, kg Productivity l / day
| Leader 0.4N | 2000х1500х1200 | 80 | 500 |
| Leader 0.6N | 2800х1500х1200 | 120 | 750 |
| Leader 1H | 2700x1650x1450 | 170 | 1200 |
| Leader 1.5N | 3600x1650x1450 | 200 | 1800 |
Volatile septic tanks
Septic tanks that require a constant connection to electricity operate on the principle of forced oxygen supply to bacteria, i.e. aerobic wastewater treatment. Such a septic tank is a real deep cleaning station that allows you to bring fecal wastewater to a level where it can be drained into water bodies, storm sewers and ditches without the risk of disrupting the ecological balance. Among domestic septic tanks, there are five most common models.
6. Poplar
The design of this septic tank ensures the operation of the selected model in conditions from -30 to + 400C.
Poplar works on the principle of the passage of sewage through four compartments, two of which are aerators. The constant supply of oxygen to the contents of the septic tank has a beneficial effect on the development of bacteria "responsible" for the decomposition of biomaterial. Oxygen pressure is provided by compressors, and fluid circulation between the compartments is carried out by airlifts (circular pumps).
After the decomposition of human waste by bacteria, the wastewater enters the sump, where the activated sludge settles and the liquid is sent through the filter to the discharge system. All pumps are located in a sealed compartment, moisture ingress on the contacts is excluded and, accordingly, a high degree of equipment protection is provided.
The polymers from which the body of the septic tank is made are not subject to corrosion and the estimated service life of the septic tank is about 50 years. Deposits are removed using a sewage machine or independently, the design provides for any of the options. Our review of the septic tank Poplar.
Characteristics of the septic tank Poplar Model name Dimensions, mm Calculated per person Productivity l / day
7. Topas
Treatment of sewage water in the Topas septic tank takes place in several directions. This is the decomposition of organic materials and a qualitative reduction in the mineralization of effluents, cleaning from mechanical impurities. The principle of operation of the septic tank is not something innovative, but, nevertheless, it provides 98% purified water at the outlet, which can be used as irrigation.
The first stage of sewage cleaning is implemented in the receiving chamber, where mechanical impurities are precipitated. Further, the airlift pumps partially purified water into the aeration tank to destroy organic compounds through the vital activity of bacteria, the colonies of which are in the activated sludge. Sludge suspensions supplied with deeper cleaning water are deposited in the next compartment. From there, completely purified water is removed from the system, and the sludge is returned for further use.
Service maintenance of the equipment is carried out when performing measures to check the performance of the compressor and diagnose the septic tank. Read more about reviews of the Topas septic tank and its principle of operation.
Characteristics of the Topas septic tank Model name Dimensions, mm Calculated per person Productivity l / day
| TOPAS 5 | 1100х1200х2500 | 5 | 1000 |
| TOPAS 8 | 1600x1200x2500 | 8 | 1500 |
| TOPAS 10 | 2100х1200х2500 | 10 | 2000 |
8. Ecopan
The Ecopan T series septic tank was specially designed for use on problematic heaving soils and with a high clay content. The destructive effect of the soil on the container is compensated by a two-layer construction with many internal partitions between the surface polymer layers. For light soils, Ecopan of the L series is used, the resistance to mechanical damage in which is provided with a wall thickness of up to 8 mm.
Six sections of the septic tank carry out a step-by-step process of cleaning the sewage system. In the first compartment, light and heavy suspensions are deposited, which are pumped out as they accumulate through a hatch provided by the manufacturers. Then the aerobic process takes place inside the next compartment. Ruff loading ensures high-quality development of bacteria, which in turn decompose organic compounds. Additionally, in the next chamber (aerotank), oxygen is supplied by a compressor to deepen the process of decomposition and oxidation.
The sedimentation of the mixture and sedimentation of suspensions occurs in the next compartment, from where the sediment is pumped into the first chamber for further removal. To purify wastewater to the required values, the penultimate compartment is used, where colonies of organisms on a ruff load bring the process of decomposition of biomaterials, and limestone provides a normal pH of the medium. From the last chamber, purified water is removed from the system by means of a pump or by gravity.
Ecopan septic tank characteristics Model name Dimensions, mm Weight, kg Productivity l / day
| L-2T-2 | 1240x1440x2350 | 190 | 500 |
| L-3T-3 | 1240x1440x2500 | 200 | 750 |
| L-5T-5 | 1440x1640x2550 | 250 | 1000 |
9. Unilos
The combination of two types of treatment (biological and mechanical) allows you to remove pollution from sewage and preserve the environmental safety of the suburban area. Unilos continues the series of septic tanks that implement the principle of passing water through several compartments. Firstly, this is the removal of mechanical impurities, which settle to the bottom and are removed as they accumulate. Secondly, biological treatment using anaerobic technology. In the chamber, organic impurities from the liquid phase pass into a solid insoluble form, which is convenient for removing them from water by means of filters. At the last stage, the final sedimentation of suspensions and the removal of 95-98% pure water take place.
The operation of the equipment involves power outages. The design life is over 50 years. The strength of the case is ensured by the manufacture of 20 mm thick polypropylene walls. More details can be found in our review.
Characteristics of the Unilos septic tank Model name Dimensions, mm Calculated per person Productivity l / day
10. Yubas
The operation of the installation is subject to a rather complex algorithm, which, nevertheless, is implemented with maximum technical simplicity. Repetition of the same processes many times allows you to achieve the maximum degree of water purification from all types of organic contaminants.
The monolithic body of the septic tank does not allow the penetration of sewage directly into the ground, and its operation allows interruptions in the use of equipment for up to 3 months. An innovative solution was the use of processors to control the treatment equipment. For septic tank owners, it is enough to timely clean the sedimentation chamber of mechanical suspensions, and the rest of the work is performed by automation.
Characteristics of the septic tank Yubas Model name Dimensions, mm Weight, kg Productivity l / day
| Yubas 5 | 1000x100x2360 | 200 | 1000 |
| Yubas 8 | 1500x1000x2360 | 270 | 1600 |
| Yubas 10 | 2000x1000x2360 | 340 | 2000 |
Choosing the best septic tank option
Based on the proposed models from various manufacturers, we draw a conclusion. Optimal design, combination of consumer properties and effective water purification technology have:
among non-volatile septic tanks - Tank,
among the septic tanks requiring electricity connection - Topas.
When comparing the capabilities of septic tanks, data on positive consumer reviews and statistical data on the volume of sales of models of septic tanks were used.
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