To create an appropriate level of security at the facility, it is necessary to install security and fire alarms. The fire alarm system is a combination of technical means for detecting a fire and detecting attempts of illegal access to a protected perimeter. Two subsystems have common communication channels, similar algorithms for receiving, processing and transmitting information, alarm signals. In order to save money, it is best to combine them.

OPS systems are by far the most common. These protective lines allow you to create an appropriate level of security for the protected object.

Thanks to the combination of technological means, the operation of this kind of subsystems is based on several types of alarms: security, fire and emergency. Security detects attempts of illegal entry, fire - the presence of fire, emergency warns of emergency situations (gas leak, rupture of water supply, etc.).

What are the main tasks of security and fire systems?

OPS systems are built on combinations that are integrated with each other. However, the goals set are individual for each subsystem. The following fire alarm tasks are distinguished:

• Reception, processing, transmission of information about the occurrence of a fire;
• Determining the location of the fire;
• Sending a command to the automatic fire extinguishing mechanism;
• Starting the operation of the smoke removal subsystem.

The tasks of the security alarm are:

• Detection of all attempts of illegal access to the protected area;
• Fixing the place and time of violation of access rules;
• Transfer of information to a computerized control panel.

Despite the fact that individual goals are distinguished for both subsystems, the installation of fire alarm systems in an enterprise is designed to fulfill one common task: to ensure a timely response to a conditioned factor and the transmission of relevant information about an ongoing event.

On the video - about how the fire alarm system works:

Complex composition of integrated security and fire systems

OPS systems in their complex composition may differ from each other. First of all, it depends on the tasks that the fire alarm system performs. As a rule, this complex includes three main categories of equipment:

• A device for centralized control and management of the operation of fire alarm systems (a computer equipped with specialized software, a central control panel, a receiving and control mechanism);
• Devices for receiving, collecting and analyzing information coming from OPS sensors;
• Signaling and sensory mechanisms (various types of sensors and notification devices).

Management of the operation of the FPS system and control over its implementation is carried out by a centralized device. Despite this, each alarm can be managed by separate enterprise security services. When installing such protective circuits, the autonomy of the operation of each subsystem as part of an integral complex is preserved.

Fire and security alarm systems are equipped with sensors that allow you to detect the occurrence of an alarm. As a rule, the technical characteristic of the sensor determines the parameters of the entire protection circuit. Mechanisms for receiving, collecting and analyzing information coming from sensors of the alarm system are actuating devices. They allow you to perform a programmed algorithm of actions in response to an alarm signal.

A feature of the fire and security alarm system is the possibility of its installation in two ways. The first is an alarm system with closed (local) protection, i.e. arming is carried out inside the facility with the transfer of relevant information to the security service of the institution. The second is arming in special units (private or non-departmental) and the fire service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations.

Classification of OPS system complexes

At the protected object, system complexes of security and fire alarms of various types can be installed:

• Conventional (analogue);
• Address (poll and non-poll);
• Combined (address-analog).

The non-address fire and security alarm system works according to a simple principle. The perimeter of the protected object is divided into several parts, in each of which a loop is laid. It combines several notification mechanisms. The loop receives information from the detector immediately after it is triggered. The disadvantage of this type of protective circuit is the possibility of false operation of the device. The operability of the loop and detectors can only be checked during a technical inspection. The control zone is limited by the limits of one loop, and it is impossible to determine the exact location of the emergency. Centralized control is performed by security and fire panel mechanisms. At large facilities, when installing such systems, it is necessary to perform a large amount of work on laying connecting wires.

The address system of the security and fire alarm system can be polling and not polling. When installing this type of protective line, addressable sensors are installed on the loop. When triggered, the code of a particular sensor is indicated. Non-interrogated lines by the principle of operation are threshold. If any notification device fails, there is no connection with the receiving and control mechanism. A feature of polling systems is the periodic submission of a request for the performance of the notification mechanism. In polling schemes, the level of false alarms is reduced.

To date, the most common and effective are the combined fire and security systems. In practice, they are called addressable analog.

It is possible to connect various types of sensors to this system. All information is processed by specialized electronic computers. The system independently determines the type of sensor and sets the algorithm for its operation. The combined line allows you to quickly process information and make an appropriate decision. The expansion of such a subsystem with additional protective lines is possible without much effort and expense.

Varieties of fire and security notification devices

The fire and security system must be equipped with sensors. Fire detectors are divided into:

• According to the method of transmission of the received information (analogue and threshold);
• According to the location on the protected perimeter (external and internal);
• According to the principle of fixing changes in space (volumetric, linear, surface);
• By the method of control of individual items (local or point);
• According to the method of signal formation (active, passive);
• According to the current factor (thermal, light, smoke, ionization, manual, combined);
• According to the principle of physical impact (capacitive, seismic, radio beam, closing).

Among the security sensors, the following subspecies are distinguished (according to the type of notification mechanisms used):

• Contact;
• Magnetic;
• Electrocontact;
• Infrared passive;
• Active;
• Volumetric radio wave;
• Volumetric ultrasonic;
• Microwave;
• Acoustic;
• capacitive;
• Vibrating;
• Barometric.

On the video - more information about the fire alarm:

Video surveillance and alarm systems - effective integration of devices

Video surveillance systems installed at the facility allow monitoring the protected area around the clock in real time. A modern solution is a combination of OPS and video monitoring. The installation of such integrated systems will allow you to quickly and better detect the presence of a flame in a room or an attempt to illegally enter a protected area. To date, there are video cameras that can recognize smoke caught in the lens, the presence of fire, or other indicators of risk.

Thanks to the integration of a video surveillance device into the fire alarm system, the work of security and fire installations is greatly facilitated. Video cameras allow you to timely identify the location of smoke or the presence of a flame. Also, this combination helps to notify people about the danger in time and carry out evacuation measures. Video cameras allow you to continuously monitor the events taking place both inside the building and in the surrounding area.

All data in the installed video surveillance subsystem is archived. Access to the archive is open at any time.

When introducing such a system into the operation of an existing fire alarm system, cameras from various leading manufacturers are used. Video surveillance at the facility has a number of possibilities:

• Lighting control;
• Sending text messages to persons responsible for ensuring safety, including fire safety, about the state of the facility or the occurrence of an emergency;
• Immediate notification of building security personnel;
• In the event of an emergency, it is possible to turn off engineering, communication and air conditioning subsystems;
• Recording and playback of video files;
• Mode setting;
• Setting the storage time for files in the archive;
• Performing scaling of individual frames;
• Search, view and analyze images according to the required parameters (by camera number, date, time, event, room).

Security and fire systems (OPS) are designed to determine unauthorized entry into the territory of the enterprise or fix a fire, smoke. The systems operate through a set of devices: control panels, sensors, detectors, radio controllers, include a monitoring station and power supplies. The scheme of the security and fire system is calculated from the individual plan of the room / building and is regulated by regulations, so a professional approach is required when installing the system.

Burglar alarms for different types of buildings will have their own characteristics: it will be a summer house or an office, several rooms or a huge complex. In a residential area, the system is mounted in such a way that children or guests cannot accidentally press the button on the control panel or knock down the sensor settings. If the security and fire system is installed in the office, then it is mandatory to instruct the employees involved.

The OPS includes a burglar alarm device, wired or wireless sensors and warning (alarm) devices. In large systems, a computer with special software is used as an element for centralized control of fire alarms. In small systems, centralized control is entrusted to the security panel - equipment that collects and processes information from intruder alarm sensors.

Sensors can provide versatile protection of your property: in case of unauthorized opening of a door, glass breakage, window opening, motion detection, ignition, smoke, etc. Depending on the tasks, vibration, acoustic, capacitive sensors, heat or smoke, flame detectors, manual call points and etc. To date, such detectors as passive infrared, magnetic contact, perimeter and combined active detectors are actively used. Such a system will ensure your safety in many ways.

Security alarm sensors should be located taking into account the interior and design features of the premises, so that they do not end up, for example, in a place where furniture is already standing. Our specialists carefully develop a security alarm project for each company in order to minimize the possibility of a gross miss.

The integration of fire and security alarms takes place at the level of centralized monitoring and control. FSOs of houses, as a rule, are administered by different, unrelated, control posts. Security alarm systems for apartments and houses promptly notify the security service in cases of unauthorized entry, record the date, place and time of violation of certain security lines.

The fire alarm system, having detected the source of ignition, promptly notifies about the fire and takes measures for automatic fire extinguishing. Since the main goal of a fire alarm is to save human lives, it is entrusted with the task of determining the source of fire and warning personnel.

Fire and burglar alarm detectors differ from each other by the type of controlled physical parameter. Depending on the principle of information signal formation, active and passive detectors are distinguished.

• Active detectors of the alarm system react to a change in the signal that they themselves generate.
• Passive detectors detect changes in environmental parameters caused by fire or intruders.

By type of laying, security and fire systems can be wired or wireless (withGSM- communication). In a local OPS, the signal is transmitted via ordinary telephone wires. This system provides instant response and is more reliable, although it has a number of features associated with the installation of a wired system. In a network NSO, the signal is transmitted via a mobile communication channel. This type of security and fire systems is considered more convenient: when the sensors are triggered, an alert is sent by SMS or voice notification, it is possible to alert the telephones of the city line.

Both systems use digital modem board to connect a repeater - it receives sensor signals and translates them into a voice or text series and transmits them to the PBX or control panel, notifying about the incident.

Typically, a burglar alarm is installed in three stages. First, experts will lay the cable. Then the equipment is connected. If the burglar alarm is installed at the construction stage, then the connection will be made after the completion of the finishing. Then Alefo engineers carry out commissioning of the security alarm.

Our experts in the installation of OPS take into account many aspects. One of the most important points that should be taken into account even at the stage of designing a security and fire system is cable wiring, because the success of the entire alarm system depends on it. So, for example, the gasket must be made with a 15% margin - in this case, the system will not only serve longer and more reliably, but it will also be possible to expand it. We also install junction boxes, if necessary, to maintain the efficiency of the system.

Often, some time after installation, it becomes necessary to install additional equipment that was not included in the original signaling project. There can be many reasons: there was no need for such actions or funds to pay for them, the plot expanded, etc. Therefore, Alefo designs a home security alarm system, taking into account possible expansion.

When installing fire and security alarms, we use reliable equipment from System Sensor, Bolid, Jablotron, Paradox, Honeywell, and warning systems from Roxton, Inter-M, JEDIA.

Intrusion alarms should be installed in such a way that a variety of parameters are taken into account, important indicators of access violation or fire risk are recorded. We know that only the complex use of all means will reliably protect your property from damage, and you from losses.

Fire and security alarm systems(OPS) is something that no real estate object can do without. In Russia (as in other countries) there is a national GOST that regulates the installation and maintenance of fire alarm systems. Compliance with it is monitored by the relevant services, applying tough measures to violators, which is not surprising - after all, a fire that has arisen and not extinguished in a timely manner threatens not only property, but the health and lives of people.

That is why it is so important to know:

What is an OPS;

Varieties of fire and security alarm systems;

Their advantages and disadvantages;

What are their main components?

What functions do they perform;

What to be guided by when choosing an OPS.

If we ignore purely technical terms, a fire and security alarm is a set of sensors, detectors, control and monitoring devices, as well as auxiliary equipment, designed to ensure the fire safety of an object. The connection of the elements of the complex into a single whole can be wired or wireless, depending on the specific situation and the wishes of the customer - but this does not affect the tasks assigned to the OPS.

● Timely detection of the source of ignition.

● Prompt notification of fire to people and fire services.

● Prevention of false positives.

● Switching on the automatic fire extinguishing system.

● Regulation of air flow (from the air conditioning system, ventilation, etc.).

● Smoke removal.

● Emergency management of building elements (doors, elevators, etc.).

Sensors(smoke, heat, flames, gas, etc.) detect the presence of a fire and transmit a signal to the control panel and control panel, which process the signal to prevent false alarms and, when a fire is confirmed, turn on annunciators, a fire extinguishing system and perform other programmed actions.

There are several types of OPS, differing in the type of connection of sensors and other parameters. Consider some common types of OPS.

Threshold or unaddressed SSOs

The sensors are connected to common loops without specifying the number and location. In the event of an alarm from a sensor at the station, only the number of the loop to which the triggered sensor is connected will be known. Therefore, such fire alarm systems are installed only at small-sized facilities, where there are no more than 30 rooms.

The advantage of such OPS is budget. Disadvantages - a rather large number of false positives, the difficulty of finding a source of fire (especially in smoky rooms), expensive installation due to the high consumption of mounting materials and sensors (at least two per room).

Addressed OPS

Sensors are connected to loops with an exchange protocol, so the information about each triggered sensor is visible at the station, i.e. there is an exact indication of the place of ignition. This increases the responsiveness, but ... other disadvantages of threshold TSOs remain (it should also be taken into account that targeted TSOs are more expensive than threshold ones). Such fire alarm systems are also installed on small-sized objects.

Addressable analog OPS

If the first two types of OPS considered by us were characterized by low cost of equipment and rather high - installation, then with addressable analog OPS everything is different: high cost of equipment and budget installation. As a rule, such fire alarm systems are installed on large objects (shopping and office centers, etc.), but they can also be installed on a small object (if the issue of price is not relevant for the owner).

If in addressable and threshold alarm systems the decision about the presence of fire was made by the detector, then in addressable analog alarm systems it was the control system that monitors the state of the sensors and makes a decision based on the change in parameters. Such systems are among the most modern and reliable, since the level of reliability of the alarm signal is very high. In addition, notification of the relevant services is also carried out promptly.

The advantages of addressable analog OPS include:

Reliability of the system even in the event of a loop break;

There are algorithms that prevent false positives (the sensitivity of sensors is automatically checked, there is a day / night mode, etc.);

It is possible to build up the system without serious material costs;

A large number of additional and service options that simplify the work with the system;

Ease of interaction with automatic building systems (elevators, ventilation, etc.);

Ease and low cost of installation and service.

The disadvantage is the need to use twisted pair for installation, with a limitation in length.

Combined OPS

The receiving and control equipment in such fire alarm systems has a modular structure, and there are modules for address-analog, and for connecting one- and two-port loops.

To prevent unauthorized entry and identify sources of fire, fire alarm equipment is installed at the facilities, which is a whole range of special technical means. Thanks to the integration of this complex into the life support system of the facility, it becomes possible to form a multifunctional network that combines access systems, fire extinguishing systems and all kinds of engineering communications. This approach allows you to automate the process of operation and protection of the object.

Functionality

When combining a fire and security alarm system, a multifunctional complex is obtained, which simultaneously protects the object from fire and detects cases of unauthorized entry.

Implementation of integration is carried out at the level of management and centralized monitoring. All systems of the complex are used centrally, but they function and are managed separately. Simply put, they are autonomous in the overall system.

The fire alarm performs the following functions:

1. Early fire detection.
2. Sending an alarm to the relevant services.
3. Informing people at the facility about what happened.
4. Ensuring safe evacuation.

Security alarm features:

1. Prevention of unauthorized entry.
2. Organization of an access system (employees can only enter certain areas).
3. Fixing the place and time of penetration.
4. Determination of the method of entry.

Fire alarm equipment

The list of used fire alarm devices depends on the functionality of the system and the tasks that will be solved with its help.

The equipment used to provide fire alarms can be divided into 5 categories:

♦Equipment enabling centralized alarm control. This category includes a central computer with the necessary software. It is with its help that automation of alarm management is carried out. The security and fire panel can be used in cases where installation of a fire alarm system of a simplified configuration is required.

♦To monitor certain areas of the object, touch sensors are used. The essence of their work is to control certain parameters, in the event of a change in which an immediate reaction occurs. This category includes all kinds of detectors and sensors.

♦Executive equipment. Necessary to activate means of protection against fire or unauthorized entry. These devices are responsible for transmitting an alarm signal to the appropriate services and alerting people on the site of a potential hazard.

♦Cable equipment. It is used to connect all the above devices into a single complex. It is thanks to the wired equipment that the switching of devices, the transmission of control impulses and alarm signals is carried out.

Purpose of fire alarm devices

The fire system includes almost the same devices as the burglar alarm. The difference lies only in the actuators and sensors used. The functionality of each individual device will be presented below.

Control panel

It is a small computer on which special software is installed. It controls the operation of each device in the system. The control panel allows you to configure the system and manage its operation. Also, its functions include remote monitoring of the health of all connected devices.

Control panel

With the help of this special device, data from alarm sensors is collected, followed by their analysis. These modules are installed separately or are part of the control panel. In systems with a simplified configuration, the control panel can be used as a control panel.

Sensors

This category of devices includes detectors and sensors of various types that control the necessary parameters in their area. The sensor will work only if the value of one of these parameters is out of range.

At the moment, a huge number of various sensors are presented on the market, which allow people to be warned of danger in a timely manner and, using the receiving and control module, send the corresponding signal to the control panel.

There are several types of sensors used in automatic fire alarms:

1. Smoke detectors. Evaluate the smoke content of the room that occurs in the event of a fire.
2. Thermal sensors. Capture changes in ambient temperature due to fire.
3. Flame sensors. They give a signal when an open fire is detected.
4. Gas sensors. They are triggered in the event of a change in the concentration of a certain gas in the composition of the air.
5. Hand sensors. Used by facility personnel to turn on the fire extinguishing system when a fire is detected.
6. multisensor sensors. Their peculiarity lies in the fact that they are able to analyze 4 signs of a fire at once.

All sensors used in fire alarm systems differ in their operating parameters (response speed, sensitivity, etc.). The sensor model should be chosen based on the tasks that need to be solved at the facility.

Types of sensors used in burglar alarm systems:

1. Motion sensors. Determine the presence of movement in a certain area.
2. Sensors for opening windows and doors. Allows you to detect cases of opening windows or doors.
3. vibration sensors. They will give a signal if attempts are made to collapse the structural elements of the object, including walls.
4. acoustic sensors. Activated when glass is broken.

Also, security systems can be equipped with devices that control the parameters of the object's environment. These include sensors for monitoring the leakage of water, gas, increasing humidity and temperature.

Installation of equipment

It is very important to correctly install the alarm. The degree of protection of the object depends on this. To achieve the maximum level of protection, it is necessary to develop a configuration and plan for the security and fire system before starting the installation of equipment.

At this stage, the required number of detectors is calculated and the places for their installation are determined. The engineer needs to take into account the response speed of the sensors, their sensitivity and coverage area.

The sensors must be installed in such a way as to overlap each other's sensitive areas. This approach will eliminate the presence of "blind" zones. Simply put, absolutely the entire protected area should be under control. It is also very important to avoid external factors affecting the sensors, which include thermal and ultraviolet radiation, as well as all kinds of mechanical stresses.

Wired lines are used to interconnect fire and security alarm devices. Wireless devices are used to facilitate the installation process of the system. In this case, the signal to the central panel from the sensors will be transmitted not by wire, but by radio channels.

Upon completion of the installation, it is necessary to make sure that all sensors, control equipment and the central panel are operational.

Training video for alarm installation.

Conclusion

If you want your security and fire-fighting complex to work properly for many years and perform the functions assigned to it, then the installation of equipment should be entrusted to qualified specialists.

Today, many companies provide their services for the preparation and implementation of fire and security alarm projects. Some of them are additionally involved in the sale of the necessary equipment, as well as the maintenance and configuration of systems. Only a professional can choose the right equipment and correctly install it. Fire and burglar alarms are the key to the safety of life and material values ​​of a person.

The head of the enterprise or the owner of any real estate must take care of protecting his property from the negative impact of man-made disasters and intruders. To ensure the safety of the premises and all the objects that are in it, not only specially trained people standing near the doors can. Modern technologies make it possible to ensure the safety of the premises thanks to specially designed connected subsystems into one system. Many are familiar with fire response systems and burglar alarm systems.

Security and fire alarms: the concept and its tasks

An integrated system that includes fire and security alarm systems is called a fire and security system. This system is becoming very popular today. Most often, the system is part of an integrated security complex. The main function of the fire and security alarm system is provided for by GOST 2642-84. Its main task is to receive, process and transmit, in the prescribed manner, information about a fire that has occurred at a protected facility or a fire or penetration of unauthorized people into it.

The main functions of the security and fire system are:

• monitoring the state of the territory throughout the day;
• detection of even the slightest fire at the facility;
• determining the exact location of a fire or penetration of intruders;
• information must be provided in an understandable form;
• response to hacking attempts and system breakdowns;
• response to malfunctions of the detection device.

The fire and security alarm is a complex system, has a rather high cost, but according to consumer reviews and experiments, it is the only reliable electronic protection device.

Modern security equipment includes several subsystems that depend on executive functions:

• security - the device responds to any external penetration;
• fire - the device reacts to the occurrence of any signs of a fire;
• alarm - the device calls for the necessary help if a signal of an unexpected attack appears;
• emergency - the device gives a signal in the event of some emergency situations: gas leakage, water breakthrough, water overflow, etc.

Each subsystem has its own strictly defined goals. All subsystems are combined into one security system by integrating with each other.

What is an alarm system that provides protection against fires and theft

The components of a fire and intruder control system are:

• sensors that are danger signal receivers;
• equipment that receives a danger signal;
• elements that notify of a danger
• communication settings;
• autonomous battery (generator, battery);
• programs that ensure the correct operation of the device.

The principle of operation of the alarm

The principle of operation of the fire alarm system is very simple. Sensors become the main receivers of information about a fire, the penetration of thieves or ill-wishers. About a fire or an attack, sensory mechanisms transmit information to the control panel, which is responsible for collecting data, and in more complex integrated systems, information is transmitted to the control panel. Once the information reaches its destination, the software triggers the system to respond.

The response itself depends on the hardware of the system. If the alarm is supplemented with an access control system, then due to the transmission of information, locks, gates, turnstiles begin to respond to the signal. During a fire, additional evacuation doors are opened to avoid an obstacle for people to leave the danger zone.

If the system is equipped with an automatic fire extinguishing program, then in case of danger it will necessarily work in conjunction with the smoke removal function. It is important when operating a fire alarm to block the operation of the power supply, which protects against additional danger.

When thieves enter and receive a signal about this, the system launches its own protection program, depending on the type of alarm.

Variety of security and fire systems

The modern equipment market represents a variety of choices for fire and security alarms. Consumers can choose from systems with a simplified security program, systems with additional sensors for monitoring environmental standards that respond to excess gas, water leakage, temperature or humidity levels.

The main signaling distribution occurs on:

• Non-address;
• Address;
• Address questionnaires;
• Non-polling address;
• Combined.

This classification occurs on the basis of differences in the principle of operation of the alarm.

According to the principle of operation of the detectors, dangers are divided into:

• ultrasonic;
• light detectors;
• vibration detectors;
• radio wave;
• acoustic;
• infrared;
• combined.

The following types of sensors are installed in the fire system:

• reacting to smoke;
• reacting to the temperature in the room;
• reacting to flame;
• gas responsive;
• multisensory, which include a response to 4 signs of a fire;

All sensors are different from each other, have a different degree of sensitivity and reaction speed.

The following types of detectors are known in the security system:

• sensors that respond to changes in the distance between the magnet on the doors (windows) and the reed switch;
• detectors that respond to impact or surface damage;
• sensors that respond to any movement inside the object of protection;
• detectors that react to approaching or touching the object of protection.

According to the way they react to a particular problem, sensors are divided into active and passive.

According to the location of the alarm, there are:

• internal;
• External;
• Combined.

There is a division of the system depending on the equipped sensors:

1. According to the method of obtaining information, there are: analog and threshold;
2. According to the location of the sensors relative to the room: internal and external;
3. According to the way of responding to changes in space: linear, surface, volumetric;
4. Depending on the response to individual objects: local and point;
5. By the action factor: thermal, light, manual, combined, ionization;
6. Depending on the physical impact: closing, capacitive, radio beam, seismic.

The result of the system

Thanks to the activity of the security and fire alarm, many objects are protected from sudden attack, penetration, accidents and fires. According to the statistics of unauthorized intrusion on objects in our country, this system is the most secure. It is enough to analyze the statistics to understand the importance of signaling:

• 50% or more of unauthorized entry into facilities that have free access to working personnel and incoming customers;
• About 25% of the territories were the objects of illegal penetration, while they were equipped with mechanical protection elements;
• 20% of the objects protected by the access system were subject to illegal entry;
• 5% of territories equipped with complex electronic security systems were subject to illegal actions of intruders.

Managers must be concerned about protecting their facilities and ensuring a high level of reliability through the organization of a multi-level security system.

Alarm sensors are installed in this case at several levels:

• along the outer perimeter of the territory;
• on windows and doors;
• indoors;
• on objects that are considered the most important in the protected area: safes, cabinets, boxes.

Each sensor installation point must be connected to its own separate cell of the device, which controls the signal from the sensor and responds to it. This avoids an intruder bypassing a separate point, as well as receiving a timely signal about the very first signs of a fire, attack or emergency.