Local sewerage of a private house. How sewerage is carried out in private houses

outdoor toilet With cesspool is gradually fading away. New house and even small cottage should please owners with comfort and normal amenities for the 21st century. The device is a completely affordable and safe event for the building, if you approach the design wisely and use modern materials and technology. During the construction of a house, the drain system is laid at the design stage, along with other engineering communications, but in an old house it is quite possible to organize the construction of a bathroom with an urban level of comfort.

All private houses can be divided into two categories - those that can be connected to a centralized city or village sewer, and those that cannot. The progress of work and the arrangement of communications inside the premises for these cases will be the same, the only difference will be in the organization of wastewater disposal.

General principles for installing sewerage in a private house

In principle, the sewerage in a private house, as in a city apartment, consists of a vertical riser and pipes of a smaller diameter, through which drains from a sink, toilet bowl, etc. flow into it by gravity. Then wastewater flow into horizontally located pipes of large diameter, and from them - into the centralized sewerage system or adjacent autonomous treatment facilities.

When planning sewerage in a house under construction, it is worth having a kitchen and bathrooms nearby, better near with a place where the sewer exits to the street. If the house is two-story, then the bathrooms should be located one below the other in order to reduce the number of risers and simplify the installation of the system and its subsequent maintenance.

V big house With large quantity bathrooms, with a complex sewer system, rational installation sewer pump. A pump may also be needed if the site has absolutely no slope.

When designing sewers, the following are also taken into account:

site landscape - wastewater flows down and the septic tank or cesspool should be at its lowest point,
the type of soil, its freezing and the height of the groundwater - this determines the depth of the pipes outdoor sewerage and choice of treatment facilities

Material selection

On the present stage polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride - most the best way. They are inexpensive, easy to transport and install, and do not require welding machine. In addition to pipes, you will need connecting elements: elbows of various configurations, fittings, tees, inspection hatches. The joints are additionally treated with a sealant.

The diameter of the pipes depends on the volume of wastewater and the number of devices connected to the system. In any case, the diameter of the pipe from the plumbing fixture must be equal to or greater than its drain pipe. The diameter of the pipe for the riser should be from 100 mm if a toilet bowl is connected to it, and from 50 mm if there is no toilet bowl. The length of the pipes from the device to the riser should not exceed 3 m, and from the toilet - 1 m. If this distance needs to be increased, then the pipes are taken with a larger diameter.

Pipe installation and plumbing connection

Before assembling the system, it is better to draw it in detail or design it in a computer program. All horizontal pipes internal sewerage should go under a slope from the device to the riser at the rate of 2-15 cm per 1 m. If you need to turn the pipe 90 degrees, then it is better to do it smoothly, using 2 knees at 45 or 3 knees at 30 degrees, to prevent blockages.

The toilet is connected to the vertical riser separately to avoid emptying the siphons in the plumbing when draining the water. Moreover, the remaining devices must be connected above the toilet to prevent drains from entering them.

Sewer risers on each floor in the lower part are supplied with inspection hatches. For soundproofing, they can be wrapped in a layer mineral wool or close with a drywall box.

Sanitary fixtures are connected to pipes through a U-trap, Bottom part which always contains some water. Fetid gases from the sewers cannot pass through this barrier. Some sinks and bathrooms come with a siphon already installed, others will require an additional purchase, toilets have a built-in siphon.

The riser is connected to the external pipes by means of horizontal pipes of the same or large diameter, located in the basement, basement or under the floor. Such pipes are also equipped with inspection hatches (mandatory on turns). When connecting them, you should avoid right angles and complex turns. If the pipe lies in the ground or an unheated room, then it must be well insulated. Everything at the exit point sewer pipes are assembled together and through a hole in the foundation are joined to the external sewage system.

Sewer pipes are attached to the walls with clamps. Additional fasteners are installed near the tie-in points in the riser, connections and transitions.

sewer ventilation

A large amount of abruptly drained water, for example, from a toilet bowl, moving along the pipe, creates an area of discharged space behind it. In the absence of air entering the system, water from the siphons of plumbing fixtures along this pipe leaves and appears bad smell. For this reason, the sewer system must be equipped with its own ventilation.

For riser pipes, they are extended to the roof, the upper end does not close, but is reliably hidden from precipitation and debris. You can do it differently, an aeration valve is installed at the top of the riser, which does not release odors, but conducts air inside, which prevents the air from being discharged in the pipe.

Outdoor sewerage

Outside the home is also optimal to use polymer pipes. For their laying, a trench is dug to the depth of soil freezing, a sand cushion is poured on its bottom, and then pipes are laid at a slope of 2-3%. If it is impossible to ensure a sufficiently deep occurrence, then it is necessary to carefully insulate the pipes.

Inspection hatches are installed at the place of connection to the house and near the docking with the central sewer or autonomous treatment facilities. Preferably installed in a pipe check valve. It will protect the house sewer from the ingress of sewage from the outside, for example, when the cesspool is overflowing, and from the penetration of rodents through the pipes.

Wastewater treatment plant

Autonomous sewerage at the end may have:

cesspool,
biological treatment plant.

Each of these options has its advantages and disadvantages, but, in general, a cesspool can be recommended only for cottages where they do not live permanently, or for small houses for 1-2 people. The biological treatment plant is expensive, but after its installation, maintenance and its emptying will have to be resorted to extremely rarely. The septic tank is the best option, you can buy it at ready-made or do it yourself.

Properly designed and installed sewerage will make living in your own home even more comfortable.

Have own house is the dream of many people. When the opportunity arises, they begin to build a mansion on their own. In the process of its construction, many questions arise. One of the most common is the laying of sewerage in a private house. With its presence, comfort is ensured when living in the house. It allows you to divert wastewater from your home to a special well.

When it comes to sewerage when building a house, many people turn to the services of specialists. Although their work is of high quality and after its completion the owner receives effective system sewerage systems, however, their services are not cheap and require a certain amount of money. Or maybe refuse outside help and do all the work on your own? Moreover, although there are difficult moments here, the task of independent device sewerage is not among the impracticable. If you delve into the intricacies of building a sewer network in your home, then you can do all the work yourself, save a lot of money and get an effective sewerage system.

What should you know?

When the owner decides to lay a sewer system in the house, it is first necessary to find out if there is access to centralized highway. If such a line passes in your village, then the installation of a sewerage system in this case is not very difficult. You just need to find out from the experts:

which pipes are best suited for draining and draining water from the house;
how to lay pipes correctly;
how to properly connect the pipes to the collector.

The greatest difficulty when connecting to a centralized highway is the laying of pipes on the street. During this work, you have to dig a trench. The depth of trenches required depends largely on the level of soil freezing. Usually pipes for sewerage on the street laid at a depth of 0.5-1 m.

If your house is located away from the sewer line and there is no way to connect to it, then in this case you will have to do work on setting up an autonomous sewer system.

Types of sewerage in a private house

First you need to decide what the sewer system will look like. It can take different forms:

cesspool;
septic tank.

Cesspool

Traditionally for the removal of sewage from the dwelling cesspools were used. Now they are considered a relic of the past. However, they have the right to life, if only because:

they effectively cope with the removal of wastewater;
construction work is devoid of difficult moments.

If you decide to create a sewer like a cesspool, then before proceeding with the implementation of this plan, you need to find out about the engineering and geological features of the soil in your area.

The easiest option to build a cesspool - do brickwork . It is most reasonable to use red as a material. ceramic brick. If you are ready to spend money on attracting special equipment, then you can arrange this structure from concrete rings. When constructing such a pit, the bottom is concreted, and then the rings are installed. From above, the structure is covered with a slab with vent hole and viewing hatch.

septic tank

Many homes use a septic tank as their sewage system. Its main advantages are:

ease of construction work;
reliability during operation;
the possibility of installation on their own;
ease of work on the device of such a sewerage system.

At present There are several types of septic tanks. There are even three-chamber ones that have a high degree sewage and domestic water treatment. And all due to the fact that in the composition of such systems there is a complex of aeration and biofilters.

Sequencing

Before starting work on the installation of an autonomous sewage system in your home, you need to decide on a work plan:

First you need to decide where on your site the cesspool will be located. You should know that the well for drains should be below the level of the house.

It is also important to determine the place where the collector exits the building. It is necessary to carefully examine the place where the pipe exits, taking into account that all the drains of used water from your home will be concentrated at this point. It is necessary to inspect the place of receipt in order to make sure in the correct installation of the collector. Distortions and deviations during installation must be absent.

When the area is inspected and important questions resolved, you can proceed to the drafting of the sewerage project.

It must be borne in mind that the external sewage system must be rectilinear. The inner one has many corners and bends, therefore, while doing work on its laying, all dimensions of pipes and bends should be calculated.

When all the important points have been resolved and all calculations have been completed, you can proceed to the acquisition of the necessary materials.

In its appearance, the internal sewage system does not differ from the one installed in the apartment. But the amount of work in its arrangement will vary significantly.

Time and effort to create it will have to be spent less if the dwelling has old sewer . In this case, the main work will be related to the dismantling of old pipes. You can use old sewer pipes. However, it may turn out that you have to redo the entire system. In this case, a lot of time and effort will have to be spent on creating a new autonomous sewer system in the house. The floor will need to be raised.

And if it turns out that the depth of the sewerage is insufficient, then it will have to be deepened. To do this, you will have to dig a hole under the foundation, and then measure the distance from the bottom edge of the foundation to the top. It must be at least 1 m. In this case, the drains moving along the laid collector pipe will not freeze even in harsh winters.

It is necessary to dig a trench with outer side Houses directly to the well. It should be of greater depth than in the house. This is necessary to ensure a constant slope for the pipe. In this case, the water drains will flow freely into the well.

At the exit from the house, the trench should have a depth of at least 1 meter, and every 10 meters the depth of the trench should decrease by half a meter.

Laying sewer pipes in a trench

The device of the sewage disposal system involves the laying of pipes both outside the house and inside. Next, we will talk in detail about how the laying of external pipes should be performed. Experts in this regard give the following recommendations.

At the bottom of the dug trench pour a layer of ordinary sand. Its thickness should be 15-20 cm. Creating such sand cushion will protect sewer pipes from excessive pressure, even if they are pipes made of polypropylene. Having laid the pipes on the sand, they will slightly sag and take a comfortable position. This will eliminate the excessive load on them in the form of pressure from the backfilled soil.

Another important point- connection and sealing of joints. A tee must be inserted every 3 m of pipe. Thus, a revision will be equipped, which is the same pipe that goes to the surface of the earth. An audit is necessary so that in the event of a blockage in the pipe, it can be cleared without any difficulties. Experts do not advise saving on the installation of a revision. The funds spent on the purchase of tees will justify themselves during the operation of the sewer system. After every four meters it is desirable set revision. Outside, the outlet of the pipe is closed with a special plug.

When installing internal sewage, many owners of private houses are increasingly using polypropylene pipes. These products have many advantages:

they are not subject to corrosion;
have a long service life;
the installation of such pipes is a simple matter and is accessible to every owner.

Having made a choice in favor of polypropylene pipes when laying internal sewage, it is necessary to take into account how many sources of sewage are available in a private house. If a large number of plumbing fixtures are installed in the dwelling, then in this case it is optimal to use pipes with a diameter of 100 millimeters for laying internal sewage.

It should also be taken into account that when leaving the washbasin, the pipe must have a diameter of 50 mm. Therefore, during the laying of the internal sewerage, pipes will have to be joined. different diameters. However, note that currently big problem it does not, because there are special adapters. Therefore, you can not worry about reliable sealing of joints.

When connecting pipes to each other, it will be useful to check the quality of the gaskets. They should not be damaged, in which case leaks at the joints will be excluded.

The risers are also equipped with a revision. Its installation is carried out from the floor at a height of at least a meter. In addition, special exhaust pipes, which should be located above the roof at a distance of 70 cm. Why is such a complex structure necessary? When private house is connected to the sewer, the occurrence of gases and bad smell. If the riser has reliable ventilation, then you can get rid of such unpleasant phenomena. Installation of a riser for sewer ventilation ensures the displacement of polluted air. Therefore, by spending time and money on its device, you can get rid of the unpleasant smell in the room of your home.

Another important point to be aware of: if the riser is located in an unheated room, then it is necessary to carry out work on its insulation. A special release must be used to connect the riser to the external sewer. Its diameter should be smaller than that of the pipe on the riser.

Installation of the outlet to the riser in the direction of the movement of polluted waters should be carried out at an angle of 90 degrees. In addition, two 135 degree bends must be used to connect the risers. If there is a need for another additional riser, then use an oblique 45 degree tee. And besides that, an additional outlet is installed.

It is much easier to arrange an autonomous sewerage system in a household if there is one riser and one collector pipe. When laying an external sewer, it is best to use polypropylene pipes 150 mm.

Conclusion

Sewerage should be in any private house. It provides a comfortable stay. If your home cannot be connected to a centralized sewer line, then in this case you will have to carry out work to create autonomous system sewerage. This work is not so difficult, so you can do it yourself. Most often when laying sewers in the house polypropylene pipes are used. It is necessary to choose the right materials and correctly perform the installation so that the joints between the pipes are airtight.

Of great importance is the depth of the trench in which the pipes will be laid. It must be below the freezing depth in order to prevent freezing of drains in the pipe in winter period. If you are starting work on laying an autonomous sewer for the first time and do not know how to do it, then for a high-quality installation of a sewer structure, you should read the instructions for its installation before starting work and learn about the recommendations of specialists. By following them and performing work in accordance with the technology of laying the sewer system, you can get an effective system that will ensure the efficient removal of wastewater and used water from the house to the well.

It is hard to imagine country cottage without a civil toilet and a cozy bathroom. But not every village is equipped with a waste collection system. Therefore, sewerage in a private house is performed separately. Don't know which system to choose? This article will tell you about all the features of sewerage in a private house.

We have described possible ways organization of waste collection, outlined their features of arrangement and use. They also brought step by step instruction for the preparation of a project, the installation of a sewer pipeline, the installation of a septic tank and drainage well.

There are several types of waste collection systems: central, accumulative, draining, filtration.

Central. The sewer pipe of the house is connected to the public sewer network, through which organic waste is collected in the city sewer.

Depending on the distance of the central pipeline from the house, a decision is made on the advisability of using an autonomous or central sewerage system

Accumulation system- modern prototype. The main difference is the complete tightness of the waste collection point. It can be: concrete, brick, metal, plastic. To do this, a ditch for a container is dug on a piece of land remote from a residential building.

The principle of operation of the storage system is to reset organic compounds v sealed container. When it fills up, the contents are pumped out. cesspool machine.

This scheme for installing an individual sewerage system in a private house has gained wide popularity due to its low cost.

Pipe ventilation arrangement

The exhaust sewage system is designed to balance the negative pressure inside the pipeline. Due to the connection of sewer pipes with the atmosphere, the system is aligned.

As ventilation system used:

air valve.

fan hood is a continuation of the central riser. It is brought out above the roof ridge at a distance of 30-50 cm. To protect against precipitation, a deflector is attached to the outlet, which further enhances traction.

Installing a fan hood for a private cottage is extremely impractical. Such a system will require insulation of the pipeline, as well as the allocation of a separate ventilation duct in partitions.

Air valve – perfect option. It is easy to mount it in the pipeline. The device is installed directly in the room. The valve is equipped with a soft rubber membrane that only lets air in.

For two-story house one device is enough. The valve is mounted on the second floor.

Scheme of connecting waste water discharge points to the central pipe. The difference in the height of the connection of the outflow of the dishwasher and the toilet bowl determines the total angle of inclination of the pipeline

Stage number 3 - installation of a septic tank

If a decision is made to make a sewerage system in a private house with your own hands, then it is better to install a septic tank from concrete rings or a ready-made plastic tank.

The volume of the container for collecting and settling organic waste is determined by calculation. Be sure to add extra cube. The pipe insertion point is located at a distance of 2/3 from the upper edge of the septic tank, so it is not filled to the top.

Septic tank device

The first step is to dig three holes for the installation of containers. To save time and financial costs, it is advisable to combine two settling tanks into one.

The bottom of the dug hole should be reinforced with a concrete base. Concrete cannot be laid on the ground, so pour a layer of crushed stone, 20 cm thick.

For the device of the base, a formwork from construction board. It must be fixed with reinforcement along the outer and inner perimeter.

The composition of the mixture is the same as for pouring the foundation. At the same time, be sure to lay a knitted mesh as a reinforcing element. It is better to take cement grade M500, since the weight of the filled container will be large.

After the base hardens, and this will happen no earlier than after 3 weeks, proceed to the installation of drives.

With the help of a crane, they are installed in a dug hole. When the first link is laid, the joint with the base must be smeared cement mortar or tile adhesive. This is how you achieve tightness.

Do the same with subsequent rings. Before installing the second and third, pre-apply a layer of mortar to the joints. After mounting all the links, once again process the joints inside the container. When the tank is installed, a brick partition is made inside.

For cleaning are mounted. Perform a horizontal partition concrete slab with holes for plastic covers.

The last step is all the inner surfaces of the two containers.

It should be borne in mind that the outlet from the first container should be 10 cm lower than the first - the entrance from the house.

The angle of inclination is determined by the same parameters as for home wiring: with a pipe diameter of 110 mm, the height difference per 1 m is 20 mm.

Scheme of installation of a draining septic tank with two sealed tanks. The presence of a second tank allows you to filter water from silt and other contaminants

To ensure that the slope of the pipe complies with the standards, the inlet of the second sump is lowered by 10 cm relative to the first.

Insulation is attached to the upper part of the tanks, as well as to the inside of the cleaning hatches. Cleaning or inspection hatches are installed directly above the bypass pipes so that they can be cleaned.

For device concrete base not required. Here, the soil under the rings must pass water and retain sewage.

Therefore, a sand-gravel cushion is poured at the bottom of the pit. The thicker the layer of rubble, the longer the well will perform its functions. Will have to be replaced after 5 years upper layer rubble on a new one, because the old one will silt up.

Keep track of the level. When installing the first ring on crushed stone, one edge may warp. If this happens, simply lift the link with a crane and level the level with rubble.

The joints of the rings must be treated with a solution in order to achieve tightness. The device for waterproofing and an inspection hatch occurs by analogy with a sump.

Organization of septic tank ventilation

Installation of ventilation pipes for septic tanks is justified only if aerobic bacteria are used. They strongly absorb the air that is supplied through the hood.

Another type of biological bacteria are anaerobes. The process of their vital activity proceeds without oxygen.

It is important not to confuse these two concepts, as some anaerobes die if there is air in the environment.

are added to the sedimentation tanks. Bacteria completely convert organic matter into water. In practice, this effect can only be achieved by installing complex filtration systems, but still they must be used. Therefore, install a ventilation pipe in both sumps.

A PVC sewer pipe for outdoor use is led out of each tank through the lid. A deflector is installed at the end.

Stage number 4 - laying the central pipe

The sewer pipe, which removes sewage from the house, is diverted from the basement to a distance of 5 m. The pipeline for outdoor use is painted orange. Such a product differs from "home" pipes in thicker walls. Permissible laying depth - 3 m.

At the bottom of the dug pit, as well as on top of the laid pipe, a layer of sand of 8-10 cm is poured. To ensure the best removal of organic sewage from the house to the septic tanks, the pipe should go in one line. Turns of the central drain are strictly prohibited.

Alternatives to a drainage septic tank

A modern device that allows you to purify wastewater by 90% or more is a station deep cleaning.

Devices biological filtration are equipped with three degrees of cleaning $

biological purification by bacteria;
mechanical filtration with meshes;
final cleaning with chemicals.

It will not work to independently install such a sewer. The stations are produced in a single container, divided inside into several compartments. The device is volatile.

Compressor plant pumps air into the aerobic compartment for increased bacterial activity. The percentage of water purification, depending on the model of the septic tank

When the power is turned off, the bacteria will continue to live for up to two days. After this period, the installation loses its effectiveness. It will take several days to grow a new crop

Deep purification of organic matter allows the use of waste water for watering plants. For this, a storage tank with a pump is installed.

Deep cleaning stations are advisable to use when ground water located too close to the ground. Also, if on the site clay soil, natural drainage will be difficult.

Besides biological septic tank a sealed tank can serve as a way out of the situation. It will have to be pumped out often, but you will not have other problems.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

The intricacies of arranging sewerage are outlined by the author of the video, who is busy laying sewer pipes:

About the device of a septic tank made of concrete rings will go speech in the following video:

Sewerage device in a private house - milestone construction. Even at the design stage, the owner should think about the future design of septic tanks, their location, as well as the filtration system.

From proper arrangement The comfort of all those living in the house will depend on the sewer system, therefore, if there is doubt in one’s abilities, it is better to entrust its arrangement to specialists.

A private house that is not equipped with a sewerage system is not very comfortable to live in, especially in cold weather. You have to wash in a basin, and run to the toilet in the rain and frost. But what about a person who bought a manor that is not equipped with such benefits of civilization? And he will have to solve only a couple of questions:

Conduct sewerage inside the house.
Carry out an external sewage system.

In the article, we will take a closer look at the main methods of laying sewers in private ownership. Varieties of sewage systems and some recommendations for their construction will be given and described.

general information

If the housing is located in a locality that is provided with central system sewerage, it will be enough to issue a package of permits for connection, create a tie-in plan, as well as a scheme according to which pipes and sanitary devices will be placed, and produce the entire volume necessary work. But if there is no central line, then the situation becomes much more complicated, and the list of issues that will have to be resolved is much longer. Firstly, you need to decide what kind of autonomous sewage system for a private house will be:

septic tank;
storage pit;
filtration well.

Secondly, what will be the volume of the container into which the drains are collected. It will depend on the number of people using the sewer, and on its type. Third, define the type. Which will be internal or non-pressure? Fourth, where will it be placed local facility collecting or treating wastewater. Now let's take a look at these issues one by one.

How is sewage inside buildings carried out in private houses?

This question is easier to solve than others. New technologies allow you to place regardless of the distance to the sewer pipes. And if it is impossible to drain the drains by gravity, you can use a device that provides forced flow (special installation). This option has many positives:

Which is better to use?

To make a sewer in a private house, plastic pipes can be called the best option. gray color. If you plan to hide them in an array of walls, it is better to connect them using welding or a press fitting. Such pipes have several important positive qualities:

They do not corrode.
Plaque does not accumulate on their inner walls.
The service life of such products is calculated in tens of years.
They do not require additional maintenance.

Laying rules

Construction of an external drain system

Information on how sewerage is carried out in private homes is detailed regulations SanPin and SNiP. The following points must be taken into account:

The sewage treatment plant is located at least 10 meters from the foundations and 8 meters from the neighboring site.
The distance to the drinking water intake is not less than 20 m.
The drainage system is installed below the water intake.

Cesspools

If the number of residents does not exceed 1-2 people, then it is more profitable to conduct sewage in a private house with access to it. It is a sealed structure or container designed to collect wastewater. This simplest design for such needs. The walls are laid out of wood, brick or stone. They are smeared with greasy clay, and the floor is concreted, the top floor is also best done with concrete with a hatch for cleaning.

septic tank

This is an installation that is designed not only to collect, but also to treat wastewater. As a rule, a biological anaerobic system is used. You can do it yourself. But you can buy, for example, such as the autonomous sewerage of a private house "Topas". In the case of off-the-shelf systems, if there is a need to increase throughput drain, you just need to install another container. Homemade septic tank represents enough complex structure, which purifies wastewater through a special drainage system. Firstly, a well is dug with a volume of three daily inflow volumes. The sewerage scheme in a private house in this case should provide for the location of this well at a distance of 5 to 20 meters from the house. Its walls should be lined with blocks, stone or bricks and insulated, and the floor should be poured with concrete.

Most often, the septic tank has a round shape and walls with a thickness of a quarter of a meter. The drainage network must be located at a distance of at least 30 meters from the house and below the water intake level. The sewer pipe must enter the well at least 1.5 meters from the soil surface, depending on the level at which the soil freezes. But at the same time, the level of the pipe entry into the well should be several centimeters higher than the level of the drainage outlet. Wastewater is discharged from the septic tank through tees. Their upper ends are left open; cleaning pipes having the same cross section are installed above them. Pipes are attached to the lower edges of the tees, ending half a meter below the sewage level in the septic tank.

Filtration wells

Such facilities provide for mechanical wastewater treatment. usually used on sandy soils. Sand, gravel and clay are poured around them. The sewerage scheme in a private house using filtration wells provides for laying deep into the ground, below the aquifers drainage pipe. At the same time, wastewater, passing through a natural soil filter - gravel, sand and clay, is cleaned and goes into the ground. Naturally, before sewage is carried out in private houses, based on the work of a filtration well, one should choose appropriate place to accommodate this facility. First of all, we swarm required size pit. For example, for a family of 4 people, you will need a volume of 10 m 3 (about 3x1.8x2 meters in size). The bottom of the pit is covered with sand and gravel, and there you need to install or build a structure. During construction, we make holes for the inlet of the sewer pipe, the outlet of ventilation, overflow and disposal of treated effluents. When this structure is ready, a pipeline should be pulled to it.

Laying an external sewer line

We carry out sewerage in a private house to the filtration well in two ways: either by digging a trench, or by a trenchless method using a pneumatic installation. It is better to use plastic pipes for an external network. Their laying in trenches should be carried out on a pillow of sand and gravel; with the trenchless method, this, of course, is not necessary. As for the building sewer wells, then they should be done every 15 meters, and the first from the house - at a distance of 12 meters. A well should also be built at each turn of the highway. The depth at which the sewer pipeline must be laid is at least 80 cm. If it is less, it is necessary to insulate it in order to prevent freezing during the cold season.

In this article, we examined in detail how sewerage is carried out in private homes, and we can argue that this business is not so complicated and is quite within the power of a responsible and hardworking person who is ready to do everything on his own, if available quality materials and the necessary tools.

Gone are the days when in country and private houses all the amenities were on the street. Now, to create basic comfort, it is necessary to lay a sewer in a private house. This highly responsible task is not difficult.

To lay a sewer in a private house with your own hands, you need to start by creating a competent project. When constructing a new building, it is important to design drains not according to the residual principle, but in combination with all systems, since sewage is one of the most important life support points for a modern home.

And it is also necessary to first clarify whether it is possible to connect private housing to a centralized sewerage system. This will save money and time on construction. You need to know what soils can lie near the house, geological exploration will help with this.

The project for the sewer system of a private house should include the following items:

Installation of external sewerage

According to SNiP 2.04.03-85 “Sewerage. External networks and facilities" from bearing capacity soil depends on the type of pillow for the sewer pipeline. In trenches in rocky soils, a pillow with a thickness of 100 mm or more from carefully compacted sand or gravel is provided. In peat, silty and other weak soils, an artificial foundation is made. For other types of soil, it is enough to carefully compact the immediate bottom of the trench.

The depth of the pipe supply depends on the level of soil freezing in the area. The top of the plumbing must be below the freezing point. With a soil layer height of less than 700 mm, drainpipes must be insulated and protected from damage if ground transport is supposed to pass from above.

The bottom of the trench must be cleared of debris and large stones, and the foundation is being prepared. The pipeline must be brought to the house from the sewer discharge point with a minimum number of turns. If they cannot be avoided, then smooth bends for pipes are used. Pipes and fittings are interconnected using a sealant.

The supply of sewerage to a private house should be under the right:

for a pipe with a diameter of 160 mm, a slope of 0.008 is required;
for a supply pipe with a size of 110 mm - 0.02;
a pipeline with a diameter of 50 mm must be laid at a slope of 0.03.

At the exit from the building, a metal sleeve is inserted into the foundation hole for laying pipes in it. The remaining space must be filled with insulation, for example, mineral wool.

By fulfilling these simple conditions, you can protect yourself from a sudden breakthrough of the external sewage network or its freezing in winter. For example, the process repair work v cold period year is complicated by digging a trench in the frozen ground.

Collection and storage of effluents

In the absence of the possibility, several options for a local system for discharge, storage and treatment of wastewater are used:

cesspool;
septic tank.

Traditional cesspools are not the best option, from an environmental point of view. But they are the most economical way to organize an autonomous storage of domestic wastewater. Choosing this method, it is important to properly organize the placement of the pit:

The distance between the cesspool and the well should be more than 25 m.
The well for drains should be located further from the house than 5 m.
With a sewer capacity of 8 sq. meters, the distance increases to 8 m.
The distance from the cesspool to the border of the site should be at least 1.5 m.
The cesspool is located downstream groundwater to prevent runoff from entering the wells.
The sewage well is located below the level of the house.

The material for the construction of the cesspool is traditionally red brick. If it is possible for the entrance of special equipment, they equip a pit from ready-made ones with a pre-concreted bottom. The structure is covered with a slab with an inspection hatch and a built-in ventilation pipe.

A more progressive solution for organizing waste collection is a septic tank. It usually consists of two or three chambers. In the first chamber, the solid fraction is deposited and decomposition takes place with the help of bacteria. The filtered liquid is sent to the next tank for further purification. In the last chamber, the purified liquid seeps through the gravel base into the soil. A septic tank must be equipped ventilation pipe with an umbrella. The structure must be freed from settled solid waste once every 5–10 years. Such designs are purchased already in finished form.

Internal wiring

In addition to arranging external sewage, it is important to know how to properly lay pipes inside the house. There are many nuances:

Water intake points should be located as compactly as possible for the optimal organization of the sewer system.
The toilet is connected to the riser separately from other appliances to prevent them from sucking up drains from the toilet.
Drainage from sinks, sinks, showers and more plumbing equipment must be brought to a common riser higher than the drain from the toilet.
The slope of the pipes should be 2–9°.
Every four meters of the riser, revisions must be installed at a height of more than 1 m from the floor.
If the sewer pipes are not hidden under the floor, then revisions must be installed before each turn.
The riser is equipped with a ventilation pipe with its output above the roof level from 70 cm. This will protect the home from unpleasant odors.
In unheated rooms, the pipeline must be insulated.
Parts of the pipeline at the joints are coated with sealant.
To organize drains from sinks and sinks, a pipe with a diameter of 50 mm is sufficient, from a toilet bowl, a bathtub and a shower - 110 mm.
The diameter of the riser must be at least 110 mm.
The smaller the diameter of the pipe, the greater should be its slope.

Connection diagram of a riser with an external sewer pipe

It is desirable to soundproof sewer pipes (this will increase the level of comfort of housing) by arranging a drywall box and filling it with mineral wool.

If sewerage under the floor in a private house is chosen, then it is necessary to observe additional terms according to SNiP. In addition to the fact that with such installation the height of the room is lost, it is not possible to install an underground sewer everywhere. It is forbidden to install it:

in food storage areas;
v living rooms(bedrooms, guest or children's);
in rooms for long-term stay of people (offices, classrooms);
in rooms with installed electrical equipment.

Important! The configuration of the underground sewer should be as simple as possible, without unnecessary turns, transitions and fittings.

When installing the drainage system under the ceiling, a number of rules must be observed:

The pipe diameter must not exceed 110 mm.
Fittings are mounted at an angle of 45°.
Fasteners are installed at a distance from each other, equal to the diameter of the pipe, multiplied by 10.
The presence of underground wiring in the bathroom should not create an excess of the floor over the rest of the premises.
The quality of the materials used is subject to increased requirements, since in order to repair the laid network, it will be necessary to break the overlap.

Do-it-yourself installation of the internal wiring of sewers in a private house is a fairly simple task, but it requires care and a serious attitude to the details that distinguish high-quality repairs.