Connecting drain pipes. The main steps and rules for installing drainage pipes

plumbing work related to the installation and replacement of water pipes in apartments in Moscow and the Moscow region.
The layout of the water supply of apartments can be done in various ways.
Collector or serial water distribution scheme, or you can apply a combined series-collector scheme.
And the laying of plumbing and sewer pipes mount open or hidden wiring method.

The usual consistent laying of the water supply of the apartment.

Sequential (tee) wiring of water supply pipes suggests that from the riser (place

Thanks to a simple scheme for laying water pipes, mounted in this way does not require large financial costs for the purchase of materials and

equipment. power supply) carry out only two pipes - hot and cold

water supply, and from them with help

In such a water supply system, with one tap, you can close the water supply to all hot or cold water points of the apartment.The installation of such a water distribution system can be performed both in an open and a hidden way of laying pipes. tees the pipeline is bred to each pointwater supply in the bathroom.

Collector laying of pipes for the water supply of the apartment.

The collector scheme for distributing the water supply of an apartment makes it possible to connect each point of cold or hot water supply with a whole pipe segment.
The absence of additional connections on the water supply lines increases the overall reliability of the water supply of the apartment, which significantly increases the performance and durability of the system.
The collectors are equipped with taps, which is very convenient, so each output can be blocked independently of the others, which makes it possible, if necessary, to easily and quickly shut off the water supply selectively to the required plumbing fixture in the bathroom without turning off the rest.
All pipe / manifold connections are located in the bathroom very compactly and in one place.The installation of such a water supply system is more expensive and is usually carried out in a hidden way by laying pipes.

Hidden laying of pipes for the water supply of the apartment.

This method of distributing water pipes allows it to be carried out concealed installation in wall strobes, a box, a niche, a channel, a floor screed and plasterboard structures.
The distribution of water supply pipes mounted in this way is more practical, which generally improves internal design bathroom, toilet, kitchen through which the water supply system of the apartment is usually laid.

Open laying of pipes for the water supply of the apartment.

Installed plumbing open way looks less aesthetically pleasing, as it is carried out by pipes mainly next to the walls attached to them

clamps, clips, brackets. This type of installation is more unpretentious from the side of maintenance. advantage open system water supply of the apartment are the accessibility to the pipeline, which, if necessary, makes it possible to detect a leak in a timely manner, and its urgent elimination.

The cost of installing the water distribution of an apartment depends on many parameters, such as the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room, the method of piping, the number of points installed in the bathroom, plumbing equipment, a separate or combined bathroom, the type of house.

Prices for the installation of water supply for an apartment (without the cost of material) For you, we offer the following most common options for distributing the water supply of bathrooms in apartments, we conditionally divided them into three main classes: economy, standard and luxury.

Name	Economy	Standard	Suite
Sequential piping	Yes	Yes	Yes
Collector piping	No	Yes	Yes
Pipe laying methods	Outdoor piping	Concealed piping	Concealed piping
Pipes, fittings, fittings	Polypropylene, Metal-plastic pipe, Henco, Kalde, Pro Aqua, Valtec, Bugatti	cross-linked polyethylene, Polypropylene, Rehau, Oventrop, Uponor, Kalde, Bugatti, Viega	Copper pipes, cross-linked polyethylene, polypropylene, Rehau, Oventrop, Uponor, Bugatti, Viega, BP, KME
Filters	coarse cleaning	Fine water filters Valtec, Far, Ratio,	Fine water filters Honeywell, Oventrop, Far
Water meters	Yes	Yes	Yes
Pressure regulators	No	Yes	Yes
collectors	No	Valtec, T.M. Tiemme	Far, Oventrop, Valtec
Leak protection system	No	Yes	Neptune, Hydrolock, Aqualock, Aquaguard
Installation	No	Yes	Yes
Warm floor	No	No	Yes
Price per point DHW, cold water, sewerage	from 2000 rubles	from 3500 rubles	from 4500 rubles

Our company performs the whole range of works related to the installation

water supply apartments, as well as the choice of material and selection of equipment.Ordering installation from usdistributing water supply and sanitation (sewerage), you get a system that will work smoothly. Warranty and free service.Free departure of the master consultation and budgeting in Moscow (within the Moscow Ring Road). Departure outside the Moscow Ring Road is paid by the client at the rate of 25 rubles per 1 km.

Types of works performed by us on distributing water supply:

Stages of cooperation:

Stages of work during the installation of systems:

• Dismantling of old pipes and plumbing.
• Preparatory work (chasing, drilling, etc.)
• Mounting and installation of equipment (filters, collectors, reducers, etc.)
• Installation of pipes of the water supply and sewerage system.
• Assembly of the entire piping system.
• Crimping, pouring, and launch of the mounted system.

Trust the installation of water supply wiring is highly qualified professionals- it will save you from additional costs for unscheduled repair work in the bathroom and reworking the plumbing system.

If you are aware of the seriousness associated with the implementation of these plumbing works, then it is better to turn to professionals.
We have gained vast practical experience, which allows us to install and replace apartment water supply systems based on the most modern, and the latest technologies. In our work, we use reliable, certified environmentally friendly, time-tested high-quality materials from leading European manufacturers.

Our staff consists of Russians, predominantly

Muscovites, all specialistshighly qualified with more than 10 years experience in this field. Taking into account the interests and wishes of customers is the main motto of our work.

We will most effectively perform the installation, modernization and replacement of water supply and sanitation systems for apartments of any level of complexity, taking into account the individuality and financial capabilities of the customer, as efficiently as possible in a timely manner.
All types of work are guaranteed. The warranty period is valid from the moment the Customer signs the acceptance certificate for the work performed. During the warranty period, all identified defects are corrected at our expense.

Prices for the installation of water distribution of the apartment.

Name of work performed.	Unit rev.	Price rubles
Sequential (tee) wiring of water supply pipes.	dot	from 2000
Collector wiring of water supply pipes.	dot	from 3000
Open sequential wiring of the water supply of the apartment with the installation of water supply in the bathroom from polypropylene or metal-plastic pipes, the price includes: fixing the pipes to the wall without gating, installing tees, angles, couplings. Material price not included.	dot	2000
Concealed sequential wiring of the water supply of the apartment with the installation of water supply in the bathroom from polypropylene or metal-plastic pipes, the price includes: laying pipes, chasing walls, installing tees, angles, couplings. Material price not included.	dot	3000
Collector hidden wiring of the water supply of the apartment with the installation of a water supply system in the bathroom from polypropylene or metal-plastic pipes, the price includes: laying pipes, chasing walls, installing a collector, corners, couplings, etc. Material price not included.	dot	3500
Collector concealed wiring of the water supply of the apartment with the installation of plumbing in the bathroom with pipes and fittings made of cross-linked polyethylene Rehau - rehau, the price includes: laying pipes, chasing walls, installing a collector, corners, couplings, etc. Material price not included.	dot	4000
Concealed sequential (tee) wiring of the water supply of the apartment with the installation of plumbing in the bathroom with pipes and fittings made of cross-linked polyethylene Rehau - rehau, the price includes: laying pipes, wall chasing, installation of tees, angles, couplings. Material price not included.	dot	3500
Hidden sequential (tee) wiring of the water supply of the apartment with the installation of water supply in the bathroom with copper pipes and fittings, the price includes: laying pipes, wall chasing, installation of tees, angles, couplings. Material price not included.	dot	4000
Collector hidden wiring of the water supply of the apartment with the installation of water supply in the bathroom with copper pipes and fittings, the price includes: laying pipes, chasing walls, installing a collector, corners, couplings, etc. Material price not included.	dot	4500
Comprehensive sequential (tee) replacement of pipes in the bathroom by an open method of distributing the apartment's water supply installation with polypropylene, metal-plastic, pipes for 5 points (bath, washbasin, washing machine, toilet, kitchen) the price includes: dismantling the old pipeline, laying and fixing water supply pipes and sewerage, without shtrobleniye of walls, installation of tees, corners, couplings. The price for the work will be fifteen thousand rubles, without the cost of material.	5 points	from 15000
Comprehensive sequential (tee) replacement of pipes in the bathroom in a hidden way of distributing the apartment's water supply installation with polypropylene, metal-plastic, pipes for 5 points (bath, washbasin, washing machine, toilet, kitchen) the price includes: dismantling of the old pipeline, laying pipes for water supply and sewerage, gating walls, installation of tees, angles, couplings. The price for the work will be twenty thousand rubles, without the cost of material.	5 points	from 20000
Comprehensive collector replacement of pipes in the bathroom with a hidden way of distributing the apartment's plumbing. Installation of polypropylene, cross-linked polyethylene Rehau - rehau, copper pipes and fittings for 5 points (bath, washbasin, washing machine, toilet bowl, kitchen) the price includes: dismantling of the old pipeline, wall chasing, laying of water supply and sewerage pipes, collector piping, etc. The cost of the work will be twenty-five thousand rubles, excluding the price of the material.	5 points	from 25000
Installation of sewer pvc pipes d up to 50 mm.	dot	500
Installation of PVC sewer pipes d 110 mm.	dot	800
Ball valve installation on riser d 15-32 mm.	PCS.	400
Installation of a coarse water filter.	PCS	300
Installing a fine water filter with backwash.	PCS.	1000
Water meter installation.	PCS.	500
Installing the pressure regulator (pressure reducing valve)	PCS.	600
Installation of a leakage protection system (2 taps + block + 2 sensors)	PCS.	3000
Installation and connection of the comb (distributive manifold) for hot water, cold water d up to 25 mm.	exit	400
Installation of a warm water floor laying (substrate, pipe guides, pipe laying).	sq.m.	500
Installation installation for toilet, bidet, washbasin (geberit, grohe, rapid, duofix)	PCS.	2800
Mixer built-in mortgage part installation.	PCS.	from1500
Recessed shower installation.	PCS.	from 2000
Overhead shower installation.		from1500
Jumpers (bypass) polypropylene pipes mounting.	PCS.	5000
Jumpers (bypass) threaded metal pipes mounting.	PCS.	6500
Jumpers (bypass) by welding installation.	PCS.	8000
Pipes d 50 mm. chasing (cast iron on plastic)	PCS.	500
Pipes d 110 mm. chasing (cast iron on plastic)	PCS.	800
metal-plastic pipes installation d 16-25 mm.	m.p.	100-200
polypropylene pipes installation d 16-25 mm.	m.p.	120-220
metal pipes installation d 16-32 mm.	m.p.	200-300
installation of pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene Rehau - Rehau d 16-25 mm.	m.p.	150-300
copper pipes installation d 12-35 mm.	m.p.	170-350
Sewer pipes d 32-110 mm. mounting.	m.p.	200-300
Ladder installation.	PCS.	1000
Thermal insulation pipes installation d 16-32 mm.	m.p.	30-50
Installing a faucet under (sink, toilet, washing machine)	PCS.	200
Check valves.	PCS.	300
Water supply and sewerage systems according to SNiP pressure testing.	hour.	1000
Shtroblenie concrete / brick with a width and depth of strobe 25-110mm.	m.p.	300-900
Chasing plaster / foam concrete with a width and depth of chasing 25-110mm.	m.p.	250-600
Dismantling water pipes.	m.p.	100
Dismantling of PVC sewer pipes - cast iron.	m.p.	100-300
Dismantling of toilets, sinks, bathtubs, etc.	PCS.	from300

Useful video

Rehau pipes tests characteristic installation.
Polypropylene pipes and fittings VALTEC.
Installation of copper pipes ROTHENBERGER.
Metal-plastic pipes and fittings VALTEC.
Installation of the GEBERIT installation (geberit) in a plasterboard wall.
Installation of the GEBERIT installation (geberit) with the replacement of the floor toilet.
Aquaguard system for protection against water leaks.
Universal built-in block KLUDI.
Installation of the mixer and watering can HANSGROHE (hansgroe).
Universal built-in HANSGROHE block (hansgroe).

Making plumbing in a private house is a difficult and responsible job, but doable. By choosing the right materials and wiring diagram, you can do all the plumbing work with your own hands, without involving employees. But for beginners who do not have relevant experience, it is advisable to enlist the help of a professional.

Where to start installing plumbing?

At the heart of the installation of any water supply is the selected wiring diagram. Only after its preparation, you can begin the selection of materials and proceed directly to the installation. Also at the planning stage, it is decided how many water points (or users) will be in the house. It will depend on which system to prefer - collector or tee.

Which scheme is better - collector or tee?

The tee wiring diagram for water pipes implies their serial connection to a common riser. So, one pipe is connected to the pipes of cold and hot water. With the help of tees, additional pipes are diverted to individual users, and the pipe itself ends with the connection of the last draw-off point.

The advantages of such a solution:

• ease of installation - no special knowledge is required when connecting additional elements;
• low cost - half as many pipes are used;
• compactness - tees are connected directly near the draw-off points.

But there are also disadvantages - when all users are turned on at the same time, the pressure in the system drops dramatically, and even connect new point rather problematic (you will have to embed another tee).

The collector water supply system is distinguished by the parallel connection of users, when a special splitter - a collector is connected to the pipes for discharging cold and hot water from the riser. And already each point of water intake is connected to this collector.

Advantages of the collector system:

• convenience - all connection points are collected in one place;
• reliability - one pipe goes to each user, which minimizes the risk of leaks;
• pressure stability - in the collector, the same pressure is supplied to each point, so even turning on all the taps at the same time will not lead to a loss of pressure.

The disadvantages include the high cost due to the increased consumption of materials and the need to allocate space for connecting collectors.

The right plan is the key to success

In order not to have to redo half of the water supply system due to the fact that several key elements were forgotten during installation, it is very important to correctly draw up the wiring diagram. It should include all draw-off points, passage elements and valves. The diagram shows the pipe diameters, the location of the water heater and the pump (if the water comes from a well or well).

By resolving all controversial issues at the planning stage, you can avoid annoying mistakes in the future. This will also allow you to pre-calculate the required length of pipes and the number of all fittings and tees.

At the same time, it works effectively even when connected to a centralized water supply. For example, if the water is turned off, there will still be 200 liters of water left in the storage tank, which is enough for domestic needs. And even with a power outage, a tank located 4 m above the water consumers will provide a pressure of 0.4 atm., Which is quite enough for water from the mixers to flow by gravity.

The scheme is quite simple:

1. Connected to the main water pipe storage tank. If water comes from central water supply pipes with variable pressure, an additional pump will have to be installed at the inlet, which will provide a constant water pressure.
2. To protect the pump from burnout in the absence of water, a dry-running sensor is installed that turns off the power.
3. If water comes from a well, only a pumping station is installed after the tank - to ensure a constant pressure at the points of water intake. It is advisable to choose stations with burnout protection already installed. Otherwise, you must also install a dry running sensor - to turn off the station when the tank runs out of water.
4. It is important to provide overflow protection in the storage tank - for example, a float switch.
5. The piping from the tank is often tee, as this option is chosen for houses with a maximum of 5 users (shower, washbasin, toilet, washing machine and sink in the kitchen).

Pipe selection - their size material

For plumbing pipes are used from:

• copper - perfect choice, but rather expensive;
• reinforced polypropylene (PP) – a special welding machine(it can even be rented by the day);
• steel - corrosion and the need for threading makes such pipes unpopular;
• metal-plastic - has an excellent value for money, but can only withstand temperatures up to 95 degrees (this must be taken into account when choosing a water heater and what outlet temperature it gives).

Copper pipes will "survive" even the foundation of the house, but if the budget is limited, you can stop at PP or metal-plastic. At the same time, only reinforced polypropylene is used for hot water - the central reinforcing layer is visible on the cut.

This is much more reliable than compression fittings, which will have to be tightened annually, and still they will soon begin to leak.

For laying street water pipes, both PP pipes and HDPE pipes can be used. The former are used if an underground connection of pipe parts is necessary, while the latter are laid in a continuous piece.

On the pipe itself, there is always a marking (size, GOST) - pipes without inscriptions indicate their low quality.

• incoming water pipe - 32 mm;
• riser pipe - 25 mm;
• branch pipes from the riser - 20 mm;
• outlet pipes to devices - 16 mm.

But at the same time, the diameter of the device connection must be taken into account. So, often boilers have an inch pipe outlet (25 mm), this must be taken into account even at the stage of buying a boiler and accessories. Besides, instantaneous water heaters sensitive to pressure in the system, so it is desirable to bring pipes of 20 mm to them.

Pump or pumping station?

If there is no central water supply and water has to be taken from a well or a well, each owner is faced with the question of choosing a pump. Pumping station can raise water to a height of no more than 9 m (the horizontal length of the pipes does not matter). Therefore, it is suitable for most wells or shallow wells. Its advantages are the presence of a hydraulic accumulator and a protective mechanism against burnout.

If the depth of the aquifer is below 9 meters, there is only one way out - submersible pump. It provides a stable and strong water pressure, but you will have to install automatics that protect against burnout and a storage tank yourself. The latter is optional, but increases the life of the pump.

Plumbing installation

The installation of the plumbing itself is not particularly difficult:

1. The layout of the laying of the future water supply is done - on the walls, in the screed or under the ceiling.
2. Holes are made in the walls or pipes are laid in the floor screed. In the latter case, the pipes should be no further than 15 cm from the wall and no closer than 20 cm from future furniture.



3. It is much easier to carry out external wiring, where pipes are attached to the wall with special clips. It is important to remember that polypropylene pipes cannot be fixed rigidly - they must be provided with the possibility of expansion during temperature fluctuations.



4. Clips are placed at a distance of 1-2 m from each other. If you need to fix a pipe of large diameter or weight, clamps are used - for reliability.
5. For external wiring, pipes through walls and ceilings must pass in sleeves - covers made of non-combustible material filled with a sealant (for example, mineral wool). This is done to reduce noise during the passage of water. The sleeve can be cut to the level of the walls and ceiling, but it must protrude 3 cm above the finished floor.



6. Special strips (sockets) for mixers are attached to the wall. Without a lot of building experience, it will not work to “drown” them into the wall so that the outlet pipes are flush with the wall. Therefore, they can be left protruding - the decorative caps of the mixer will cover them.





7. The assembly of the pipeline can take place both "on the air" and on the table, when the assembled parts simply fit into the holes made. As practice shows, the latter is possible only with a very well-designed wiring diagram. Otherwise, you still have to adjust the details "in place".
8. Cutting pipes should be carried out with a special pipe cutter - you cannot saw them, the connection will be unreliable. At the same time, polypropylene and metal-plastic pipes cut with different tools.







9. If you need to lay a curved "route", metal-plastic pipes can only be bent with a radius that is not less than 5 outer diameters of the pipe. Otherwise, the service life of the pipe cannot be predicted. For corner connections fittings are used.

The principle of working with polypropylene pipes, their soldering and installation, are shown in detail in the video:

What should be the water supply scheme of the apartment? Before starting work
You have come to the conclusion that the pipes for the water supply in the apartment need to be replaced, because existing system water supply rotted and fell into disrepair. The issue of replacing communications may also be prompted by factors such as the need to overhaul in an apartment, moving into a new building, where, apart from the walls, everything will have to be done by hand. If the apartment is new, then here you have the cards in hand, as they say, since a well-thought-out plumbing scheme in the apartment can turn out to be convenient to use. Before starting work, you should also consider one important point: do-it-yourself plumbing in the apartment should be installed in parallel with the water filtration system.

Filter elements can be installed both for each tap separately and at the inlet, after the metering device. This should be taken care of at the very beginning, before installing the plumbing, since the quality of the water consumed and the state of your health will depend on this. In addition, filtered water contains a small percentage of impurities and salts, which will significantly extend the life of pipes and auxiliary equipment.

Before proceeding with the installation of the water supply system, it is necessary to solve a number of questions:

• Select pipes and, accordingly, the material from which they will be made.
• Determine the number of fittings, valves, taps, pipes, risers and other elements of the plumbing scheme. To facilitate the solution of this difficult question need to be planned.

First, a water supply scheme for the apartment should be drawn up, the plan of which should be displayed on paper in the form of a drawing, taking into account the layout of the premises.

A well-designed drawing will help determine the choice of consumables and the number of all elements of the plumbing system.

The old plumbing system can tell you how many pipes you need for installation if you have not decided to do a complete redevelopment of the plumbing system. planning plumbing system, do not forget to think about the possibility of connecting in the future additional equipment, for which it is necessary to prepare reserve places for their connection.

Water distribution methods

Laying water pipes in the apartment. Tee and collector scheme for the water supply of the apartment.

Installation of water pipes in an apartment can be carried out in several ways, the most relevant and technically correct are the tee and collector schemes. Let's look at them in more detail:

A tee (series) scheme for connecting a water supply system in an apartment implies a wiring from the central water supply line to all consumers separately. With this connection method, a large number of connecting elements are used, however, the consumption of pipes is slightly less than when using the collector method. In addition, laying a water pipe in an apartment using tees and fittings is not complex structure And yes, the price is quite affordable. The significant disadvantages of this scheme include the periodic flow of water at some junctions, since the system consists of many individual elements. In addition, at some connection points, a decrease in water pressure may be observed. Possible in the apartment.

Water supply wiring diagrams in the apartment

The collector connection scheme is considered more reliable, although the costs for it will be significant. But the game is worth it, so it’s better to invest once in a competent installation of water supply in an apartment. Distinctive feature This scheme is the independent connection of each consumer in the apartment from the supply branch, which makes it easy to carry out preventive maintenance, repair and replacement of each of them without turning off the entire water supply system. This, unfortunately, cannot boast of a sequential scheme, through which a water supply device can be mounted in an apartment. In addition, the replacement of water supply pipes in the apartment will not be any problem, since in certain sections of the water supply system this can be done autonomously. This connection scheme is practically devoid of serious shortcomings.

Hidden and open laying of water pipes in the house

Surely you had to deal with the fact that the pipes located outside begin to irritate over time, and they do not have a very aesthetic appearance. This is especially true for old apartments that have long been in need of repair. Remember how ugly the installation of plumbing in an apartment looks, especially risers and pipes in small toilets or bathrooms, which have to be sewn up with decorative screens, thereby limiting the already scarce space. Therefore, open pipe laying has a certain disadvantage. But the hidden gasket will allow you to remove the pile of pipes. In addition, replacing water pipes in an apartment in a hidden way has a number of significant advantages. Both methods have certain characteristics and advantages:

At covert way pipes are embedded in the strobes of the walls, then sealed, after which the room has a beautiful appearance. Replacing the water supply risers in the apartment is also necessary, because over time their clearance narrows and they become clogged, which can lead to undesirable consequences. In addition, pipes hidden in the walls do not interfere with arranging furniture, plumbing fixtures, household appliances and other equipment, which are sometimes impossible to install due to the fact that the pipes simply interfere. In addition, the absence of pipes from the outside eliminates their damage.

Replacing water pipes in an apartment in an open way also has positive nuances. First of all, there are no restrictions when choosing consumables, so any pipes can be installed. Installation and replacement of water pipes in an apartment does not require cutting out the strobe for their installation, which means that the costs will be much lower. In addition, replacing a leaky element of the system will not be any problem, and it will be much easier and more convenient to do this than in a hidden water pipe. Disadvantages include unsightly appearance and reduced usable space premises, which sometimes makes it impossible to install, for example, a furniture module.

What pipes can be used for installation?

Pipes made of stainless steel are considered durable, since their service life exceeds 60 years, besides, they are not afraid of rust and growths. They are easy to install, however, such pipes are very expensive. Through them, for example, through heated towel rails, the temperature of hot water supply in the apartment is easily determined.

Copper pipes are also expensive, but they can last up to 80 years and are very easy to install. They are not afraid of corrosion and can be easily bent during installation.

Polypropylene pipes have good strength and can be used for over 50 years. For installation, you will need a special soldering iron and a hacksaw (or scissors) to cut them. Branch with hot water it is recommended to lay pipes reinforced with metal or fiberglass.

Polyethylene pipes are also connected by welding. They are quite durable and can last more than 40 years.

Materials, tools, complexity of work - everything will depend on the prepared plan. Wiring in the apartment implies a clear scheme. And only then everything else: the purchase of the necessary, the planning of work, the installation of the pipeline system.

Making a plan

• First, in an apartment water supply always means connecting to a centralized network. Therefore, the scheme must be adjusted to the existing water supply points.
• Secondly, it is necessary to analyze the connection points of appliances, plumbing.
• Thirdly, we distribute all possible points of water consumption throughout the room: plumbing in the bathroom, in the bathroom and in the kitchen.
• Fourthly, we select pipes that are suitable in size and draw up schemes for their installation. At this stage, you should also decide on the methods of joining pipes and system elements, calculate required amount materials: fittings, fittings, water filters. Stock up on tools.

The arrangement of emergency cranes and valves will complete the development of the plan.

Having collected all the necessary information, we proceed to the drawing of the system. It is possible to connect a water heater (boiler) - the water supply system will partially become autonomous. Start drawing with a plan of the rooms, arrange them in a real sequence. Put on it a water supply scheme from a centralized system, and your autonomous one (if any).

Further - in the best traditions of the city water utility. The scheme evolves into project documentation With detailed description materials used, flow pressure indicator. And even including chemical composition water. Here are the rules for operating counters.

The scheme is coordinated with local authorities.

Types of wiring

The features of piping are affected not only by the places where water is supplied from central system, but also specifications the premises and the building as a whole.

There is also a classification: from the most difficult to the most simple species schemes:

• collector wiring;
• tee - the most popular, characterized by a small length of the route and a limited number of points of water consumption.

serial wiring

The tee is also called serial because of the connection features: the circuit has a common riser, appliances and plumbing are connected in series to it. This scheme got its first name because of the need to use triple adapters to create branches to water consumption points. All of them are located close to each other, otherwise a different wiring diagram will be required.

Unlike a collector, a tee does not require large expenditures, a lot of materials, is easy to install, it is easy to implement it for anyone. House master with your own hands. Since no exact calculations are required.

However, this scheme has a number of disadvantages that are directly related to the wiring feature:

• often apartment owners (office workers) face the problem of water reduction, while using sources of consumption;
• there is a high probability of water hammer - this is a pressure drop in the pipe. May result in system damage.
• if there is serious damage to the main pipe, everything fails.

Collector scheme

It is used more often, since the number of small offices and studio apartments, one-room apartments as a percentage of other types of residential and non-residential premises negligible.

It got its name because of the distributor - the collector. It is a connecting element from which several lines emerge. It is he who distributes the general flow through separate pipes. More applicable to country house, in large commercial facilities, in luxury housing, in new buildings.

Thanks to the collectors, water is evenly distributed over all lines and the same pressure is ensured in the system.

The scheme involves choosing the optimal location of the collector, taking into account ease of use. The manifolds have (but not all) shut-off valves, they block water on certain piping lines in the system. They must be freely accessible.

The collector scheme has variations. But its traditional execution looks like this: two lines, one of which delivers hot water, the other is cold. It includes:

• Ball Valves;
• emergency ball valve for hot water supply and the same for cold water supply;
• fine and coarse filters;
• counter;
• pressure reducer;
• and, of course, the collector itself.

The advantages of collector wiring are mass:

• reliability;
• the ability to carry out work, prevention, turning off one of the lines without prejudice to others;
• uniform pressure;
• the ability to install (think in advance) an individual filter system.

At the same time, the implementation of such a complex plan requires more effort and knowledge in design and installation.

In old houses

Of course, in water supply systems in Khrushchev, Stalin and other high-rise buildings old building there will be significant differences with the pipeline of the new building.

For example, in new houses they are mainly used for water supply. And try to replace part of the pipe in Stalin with plastic variety- get only dampness all over the floor, walls due to the constantly formed condensate.

Also, the difference will be noticeable when you start planning the location of water supply points - it directly depends on the features of the layout.

There are many nuances in the construction of the pipeline in old houses and new buildings, as well as in a private house and in an apartment. The first option is always more complex, improved and requires taking into account a lot of recommendations and features (for example, the length of the highway, the presence of additional devices, lines).

Materials and tools

Consider everything you need to create a pipeline in an apartment:

• First of all, of course, you need to purchase pipes. Plastic, metal-plastic, copper - the range is huge. And each variety has its own prices, its advantages and disadvantages. The choice is yours. The main thing is to choose the right diameter in accordance with the required water pressure, with the length of the line, with the amount household appliances. The principle applies here: the greater the need, the larger the diameter.
• You will need the following additional materials:

1. fasteners;
2. adapters;
3. hoses, taps and other materials for plumbing and household appliances.

• From professional equipment, prepare a welding machine, puncher, angle grinder.
• Hand tools: tape measure, level, hammer.
• Remedies.

Sequence of work

The instruction for manifold pipe routing is a step-by-step action plan:

• First, turn off the water in the building, in the apartment (house).
• We install ball valves - emergency at the entrance to the main risers. Do not forget about the prevention of leaks - about shut-off valves.
• Coarse filters.
• DHW and cold water meters, in accordance with the plan-drawing.
• We carry out the installation of gearboxes. They help prevent damage to the system if a sudden pressure drop occurs. Reducers are installed if the pressure in the riser is too high (higher bandwidth other devices, plumbing). So that the excess does not merge into sewer system, a special drain should be built at this stage.

Mount the pressure gauge vertically. Install shut-off valves. Make sure that the arrow of the device correctly displays the direction of the water.

• Collector - should be in place. They have a maximum of 4 outputs. If you need more, you should purchase another collector.
• We lay pipes. Many recommend plastic pipes, they are easier to install without the help of professionals. But they are not always good option. For example, in old houses, as we noted in this article, if you choose inexpensive model, you can regret it very quickly.

Installation is carried out as follows:

1. if necessary, the pipes are cut to size;
2. welded into joints.

• We check the system. You will need an assistant for this purpose. Shut off the water supply if you find a leak due to poor assembly of the system elements.

If the specified installation technology was followed exactly according to an individual scheme, you will not have problems with the plumbing for a long time.

If you are preparing to do all the work yourself, pay attention to the advice of the masters. They recommend saving and following a number of rules:

1. there should be a minimum of joints, as well as adapters - this will save money and at the same time increase the reliability of your water supply system;
2. it is necessary to strictly observe the technology of connecting pipes in appropriate places;
3. sequentially implement the wiring diagram to obtain normal distribution pressure. Purchase a pipe with a larger diameter to install it at the connection point. So you will achieve normalization of pressure.
4. do not forget about emergency taps - install them in problem areas and at the connection point in order to be able to turn off the water in the right places at any time;
5. hoses should also be kept to a minimum. They do not provide tightness, and do not withstand pressure drops.

Approach the issue with professional enthusiasm and vigilance. The layout of the water supply pipes in the apartment, if all the work is done correctly, will provide you with an uninterrupted supply of water and give you a comfortable stay.