Wall insulation in a panel house. How to properly insulate a panel house? Do-it-yourself installation

In a previous article, we talked about . Today we will discuss how to insulate a wall in a panel house from the inside. We want to warn you right away that, if possible, it is necessary to give preference to external insulation. When laying thermal insulation from the inside, the dew point shifts to the wall, more precisely to its inner part. It turns out that condensation forms under the insulation, and with it mold. To avoid this, you need to use insulation that can pass steam, the best way – stone wool.

Materials for insulating the walls of a panel house from the inside

From the inside, it is best to use stone wool.

Before proceeding with the review of how to insulate a wall in a panel house from the inside, let's dwell on the materials. For internal works for thermal insulation of walls are used:

Styrofoam;
extruded polystyrene foam;
all types of mineral wool;
insulation paint.

Warming panel house from the inside, as a rule, is accompanied by the construction of false plasterboard walls, although if you do not plan to hang anything on the walls, then you can get by with several layers of plaster on top of the insulation. It is possible to plaster over polystyrene foam and its derivatives, as well as over high-density mineral wool.

mineral wool

Styrofoam and mineral wool they are equally popular when insulating a panel house from the inside, but cotton wool will still be preferable. Why is that:

cotton wool - environmentally friendly material;
cotton wool allows moisture to pass through;
does not burn or smoke.

Of all types of mineral wool, it is preferable to opt for . Unlike all other species, it is not afraid of moisture, has the most a high degree heat resistance. Wall insulation from the inside of a panel house with stone wool allows you to not use membranes - these are films for hydro and vapor barrier. The insulation will pass steam in both directions, like the concrete wall itself. This property allows you to avoid the accumulation of condensate between concrete and thermal insulation, respectively, there will be no mold either.

A big problem when insulating a wall from the inside of a panel house is to transfer the dew point to the middle of the room. The dew point is the limit at which warm air meets with cold, resulting in condensation. So if you create conditions so that the condensate can find a way out, then you don’t have to worry about the appearance of a fungus.

Expanded polystyrenes

The foam is simply glued to the wall, without additional fixation with dowels.

With polystyrene, things are somewhat different, since it practically does not let steam through. Because of this, all the negative consequences of the dew point shift will sooner or later make themselves felt. Mold is not visible under the insulation layer, but it will be there. At the same time, small spores of fungi will still fall into the middle of the room, and you will breathe them. This is highly undesirable, since, once in the body, they can cause various diseases, sometimes very serious.

If you decide to work with polystyrene anyway, then before insulating an apartment in a panel house from the inside, carefully study the characteristics of ordinary and extruded polystyrene foam. Extruded is denser, it is much more expensive than usual, but at the same time, the only benefit for the overpaid money is more low degree flammability. It burns, just not as much as normal. Their thermal conductivity is almost the same (+/- a hundredth).

foil insulation

Reflective insulation is a whole other story. Its effect is not as significant as the ego is made out to be. As self material there is almost no sense from him, except perhaps in tandem with other heaters, and then if there is free finance. What tasks does reflective insulation perform:

reflects IR rays from the material that is in front of the ventilation gap. Usually this is drywall, naturally, there is almost no IR radiation there;
does not pass moisture - it is convenient if you are insulated with mineral wool. If you use stone wool or foam, then additional waterproofing is not needed;
thanks to the basis of foamed polyethylene, it dampens noise and vibration - a few millimeters of polyethylene cannot be compared with the effect of 5 or 8 cm insulation.

There are no strong arguments in favor of using reflective insulation, especially considering the fact that the cost of insulation will be almost twice as expensive.

Insulation paint

Another new method how to insulate panel house appeared from the inside thanks to the engineers of the space industry. In space, weight is of decisive importance, so the task was to develop an ultra-thin and lightweight insulation, which was done. This is how the insulating paint appeared, which was used to cover the hulls of the space shuttles.

Today it is on sale as liquid thermal insulation, which is used for insulation of walls, pipelines, etc. The bottom line is that the paint has special granules that do not let heat through. At the same time, for some reason, there are doubts that a thin layer of paint will cope with reducing the heat loss of the room in the same way as 5 cm of mineral wool or polystyrene.

The method of work on the insulation of walls from the inside

Glue-foam is best suited for gluing foam boards.

heaters in the apartment concrete walls from the inside they are attached under false plasterboard walls. If you took the path of least resistance and chose stone wool or, in extreme cases, foam plastic as thermal insulation, then there should not be any difficulties in the work. How to insulate corner apartment in a panel house:

installation of structures made of metal profiles;
laying under the thermal insulation guides on glue - you need to create a monolithic screen, so there should be no gaps at the joints;
sheathing metal structure drywall.

On drywall after it is puttied, you can glue any finish: tiles, wallpaper, decorative stones, papier-mâché or just paint. There are situations when it blows strongly from the corners. In this case, the question arises of how to insulate the corners in a panel house? Alternatively, you can just blow them out. mounting foam from the inside or cover the joints of the plates with sealant. This should help, but if capital measures are needed, then it is necessary to insulate the interpanel seams from the outside. There is a technique called "Warm Seam". It involves cleaning the seam from all contents, filling it with special polyurethane foam, Vilaterma gasket and sealing the seam with mastic.

How to insulate a balcony in a panel house

Putty can be applied directly on the foam.

We have already told more than once how to insulate a balcony in a panel house. In principle, the technique is no different from wall insulation, only on the balcony, thermal insulation is also glued to the floor and ceiling. Let's think about how to do it with minimal cost and as quickly as possible. How do you see the already insulated balcony? Really lined with clapboard or plastic? If yes, then:

glue the foam to the wall on the glue-foam;
lay on top wooden crate- fasten it to the wall with dowels directly through the foam;
fasten the plastic trim elements to the crate with a stapler.

The thickness of the foam must be at least 50 mm, and preferably all 80 mm. No Penofol is needed - money thrown to the wind. It is not necessary to fasten sheets of foam plastic with plastic dowels, they will not fall off 100% anyway. The gaps between the sheets are also blown with glue foam, the remnants can not be removed, there will still be a finish. If you think that it will be more profitable to buy a universal construction adhesive, then you are mistaken - its price (relative to consumption) is equal to the price of adhesive foam, only plastic dowels will still be needed. You will also have to drill a lot, and if the walls are thin, then nothing good will come of it.

Another option is how to insulate a balcony in a panel house - for painting. You will not hang pictures or shelves on the walls there. The first layer of putty is applied to the foam glued with adhesive foam, a fiberglass reinforcing mesh is sunk into it, then another layer of putty is applied. The surfaces are then allowed to dry, primed and painted. In this case, the foam should be taken with a density of at least 25 kg / m. Cube. This method is convenient, since you can always repaint the walls in a different color.

Internal insulation of a panel house without overpayments

Most often, insulation is required corner room in a panel house, since it has at least two outer walls. If it is not possible to insulate from the outside, then you will have to do it from the inside, although the first option is more correct and better. To make the apartment really warmer, you need to use foam or mineral wool at least 50 mm, preferably 80 mm. Extruded polystyrene foam is not necessary, it is unreasonably more expensive than usual. The only difference is that it does not burn and smoke so much.

Ideally, it is better to opt for stone (basalt) wool. It passes moisture, does not burn at all, respectively, does not smoke. It does not absorb moisture, so steam and hydrobarriers are not needed. But she's expensive - that's her only downside.

Budget option for wall insulation from the inside:

polystyrene 50 mm is glued to the adhesive foam, the joints are sealed;
a structure made of metal profiles is installed;
wall drywall is attached.

Recall once again that no reflective insulation is needed - expensive and inefficient. It is only good for a bath, where there is a lot of IR radiation and it can also be glued behind the battery. Everything else is marketing and more marketing.

A few years after the construction of a panel house, the residents have a question: how to properly insulate it? Over time, the ability concrete slabs keep warm air and prevent the penetration of cold is significantly reduced. Heat loss begins not only through windows, but also through walls. V winter period this situation begins not only to introduce some discomfort into the existence of the family, but also to be very annoying. There is only one way out of this situation - the insulation of the walls of the panel house.

Insulate the facade of a panel house

If you insulate the room from the outside, you can avoid heat loss through the wall, which will also serve as an obstacle to the destruction of the structure. In addition, the use of various finishing materials will give the house a new, more modern look. External insulation has other advantages:

tenants can continue to live in the house during construction work;
the temperature inside the building is increased by the use of thermal insulation material;
the dimensions of the room remain the same;
the design of the room becomes stronger, the service life increases;
insulation plays a role soundproofing material reducing the possibility of noise entering the room.

Insulation of a panel house from the outside is very effective, because it allows you to reduce heat loss and save on paying for the coolant. In some cases, the amount of savings reaches half the usual cost.

Necessary materials and tools

Keeping warm without the use of additional electrical appliances can be very effective. For a properly organized process, there are different kinds insulating materials. The most popular are:

mineral wool;
drywall;
Styrofoam;
plaster.

The materials used in the work must necessarily have high quality. Otherwise, getting a positive effect will be a big question. Some of the materials presented on modern construction market, designed specifically for outdoor use.

How to insulate walls

There are two technologies by which the walls are insulated:

Wet facade.
Ventilated facade.

For insulation using the materials described above, use the first method. To organize a ventilated facade, a system for creating metal frame, on which the finishing material is subsequently attached.

The method by which the reinforcement is carried out with finishing materials in case the "wet" method of protecting facades is chosen is quite simple. The wall to be treated is necessarily treated with mastic, after which it is left to dry.

The surface, dried after processing the joints, is ready for further work. She will have to be covered with a primer, which can be done using both a roller and a special sprayer.

On a pre-prepared wall, heat-insulating material is to be fixed. This can be done with glue, fasteners (nails, dowels). A combination of mounting methods is possible.

Floor

High-quality insulation of a panel house begins with floor protection. This issue is especially relevant for citizens living on the first floors. In most cases, they have to resort to such events.

To reduce heat loss through the floor, the builders provided for the construction of a lag on the floor of an apartment located on the 1st floor. high-rise building. To cells that are organized by the intersection of elements wooden structure, lay insulating materials. It can be either foam plastic or mineral wool, or more exotic material options: expanded clay or sawdust. (You can read more about the types and brands of expanded clay).

Modern building and Decoration Materials presented in such a variety that each owner of the premises will find his own version of floor insulation. In addition, new materials are constantly appearing, but they have managed to prove themselves perfectly. This can be said about such types of heaters as polyurethane foam or penoizol. The use of even a thin 30 mm layer of these materials will significantly reduce heat loss.

You can learn how to insulate the floor in a room with your own hands quickly and efficiently by watching the video.

seams

A large amount of useful thermal energy is lost in a panel house through seams. This problem can also be easily solved by processing them. Monolithic solution of the distance between the plates allows you to fill the existing voids in the seams and contributes to the insulation of the entire structure as a whole.

The choice of mixtures that can be used to fill the seams in a panel house involves both their own preparation and purchase in ready-made. One way or another, these compositions can be filled with foam balls to delay the flow of heat, and with particles of air to keep the heat trying to get into the street.

If the distance between the seams is large, then you can fill it with a soft insulating fiber. In the role of it is the well-known mineral wool. Its key features are as follows:

high compression ratio;
the possibility of using in work negative temperatures air;
ease of use, which consists in ease of installation and the absence of a list of tools, without which the work would be impossible.

Mineral wool fibers are volatile, and they can also release formaldehyde components. These facts lead to a decrease in the frequency of use of this material in insulation. panel seams. More practical in such a situation is stone wool, which is safe for the health of residents and has fibers that do not break.

Styrofoam

Modern insulation, which is used very often. It is quite economical, easy to use and easy to install. Self-conduct installation work possible even for an inexperienced person, and work on high floors requires the involvement of industrial climbers.

After the plates with outer side have been processed, insulation can be attached to them. If foam is used as this material, then you should remember the recommended thickness of the material. It should not be less than 50 mm. On the inside each sheet should be applied with glue, which is specially designed for work of this kind.

The laying of insulation should not be accompanied by the formation of cracks, because the work will not make sense: precious heat will escape through them. This can only be avoided by competent organization installation work and use, except for glue, and other types of fasteners.

Mineral wool

Many manufacturers work with this type of insulation, like mineral wool. It is quite effective, but there are certain nuances when working with this material. So, cotton wool should not get wet, otherwise it thermal insulation properties will be lost. To avoid the accumulation of moisture in the layers of insulation, before installation, the material is protected by laying vapor barrier materials.

The membrane may not be used if such a method of insulation as a ventilated facade is chosen. In this case, the moisture will be removed thanks to air gap.

Drywall

The issue of room insulation must be taken seriously. In certain climatic conditions, wall insulation with mineral wool is considered quite justified. In this case, you can not do without drywall sheets.

In this way, it is possible to insulate not only facade surfaces, but also living quarters: balconies, loggias, walls inside technical rooms. At the same time, you should be more careful with the amount of mineral wool used. Its excess will not only not make the apartment warmer, but will also contribute to excessive cooling.

Preparatory work

Turning an apartment into a room that meets all the requirements for thermal insulation is possible. To do this, it is necessary to correctly organize measures for warming. A big role is played by preparatory stage. It needs:

process the joints between the plates;
carefully seal the gaps;
clean all cracks from construction debris;
seal all parts of the building that will be in contact with the insulation;
warming large cracks mineral or stone wool.

If the cracks were additionally insulated, a layer of mastic must be placed on top.

How to insulate a panel house. Step-by-step instruction

The instructions for warming a panel house contain the following steps:

the choice of material and its quantity depending on climatic conditions and purposes;
purchase of materials and construction tools;
drying walls with a heat gun;
removal possible finishing from the walls to be insulated;
applying an antiseptic composition to surfaces that will soon be covered;
applying a primer; (how to properly apply a primer, see the article Wall Primer - Surface Preparation)
sealing of seams, if necessary - additional insulation;
installation of insulation (using glue, drywall sheets and metal frame)
the use of metal mesh for additional reinforcement;
insulation trim if necessary.

Work should start on lower part walls, because that is where the starting bar is set. Glue is best applied with a spatula.

Experts with extensive experience in installation work advise:

to insulate the camp of a panel house in the summer;
with external insulation, it will be useful to insulate the inner parts of the wall;
the best option would be to use seamless technologies, as this will save additional heat;
some modern technologies are very convenient, for example, the use of foamed polyurethane for insulation, which can even be applied by spraying;
do not forget about the use of vapor barrier;
the selected material should not be afraid of moisture.

Compliance with the rules for installing heat-insulating materials will not only make the room warmer and more comfortable, but also significantly extend the life of the walls, because an additional layer of coating protects them from destruction.

Panel buildings are less durable than brick buildings, so humidity and temperature fluctuations affect them to a greater extent. To create protection, it is necessary to perform insulation of a panel house, and not only from the inside, but also from the outside. This will prevent the loss of heat that occurs through the walls, as well as protect the facade of the building from destruction.

Insulation materials

To insulate the facade of the house, the craftsmen use various materials, but for many years the priority has been:

Styrofoam;
mineral wool;
extruded polystyrene foam.

The main unifying characteristic of these materials is low thermal conductivity. The most common insulation panel walls done with foam. Therefore, it is worth considering the technology of thermal insulation using an example of its use.

Facade surface preparation

Before proceeding directly to the insulation, it is necessary to prepare the walls. Surface irregularities should not exceed 1 cm. Attention should be paid to the condition of the facade finish and seams. If they are painted, but in some places the paint has peeled off, they must be cleaned. And in the case of PF paint - bring down.

To check the quality of the finish, run the palm of your hand over the surface. If it remains clean, it is possible to insulate the outer walls, excluding the primer of the panel house. Otherwise, you can't do without it.

In old buildings, wall shedding is often noticed outside - such places must be cleaned and only after that a primer can be applied. If the sand continues to crumble, it is recommended to putty this area.

Insulation installation

The technology of applying glue to the foam. Click on the photo to enlarge.

There are several methods for installing foam, but the most effective is the one that involves gluing and nailing it. Such insulation of a panel house is most effective.

The gluing process begins at the bottom of the building, where the starting bar is mounted. For work, you must have 2 spatulas: a large one (20 cm in size) and a smaller one (8-10 cm in size). A smaller tool is used to apply the adhesive mixture to another spatula. On the uneven wall adhesive mixture applied with "blunders", and on a flat one - with a comb. Do not forget to carefully fill the seams. It is not necessary to apply the mixture to the foam sheet itself.

Before insulating a panel house, all depressions should be filled with glue mixture from the outside, otherwise voids will remain under the foam sheet, which will contribute to the release of heat from the apartment. Convex places are smeared with a thin layer. Next, a sheet is applied to the surface and pressed.

To achieve a good result, you can continue the insulation only 3 days after the foam glued to the walls in the panel house is securely fixed. Usually, craftsmen first of all paste over the building with insulation from the outside, and after 3 days they begin to nail it.

Styrofoam is nailed to the wall using fungi, which consist of a plastic sleeve, a circle and a nail hammered into the sleeve. The nail can be metal or plastic, but since metal is a cold bridge, plastic products should be preferred.

Using a puncher, holes are drilled in the foam, for example, along the perimeter of the sheet and in the center. This will reliably insulate the apartments of the building. The drill diameter should be 10 mm. The depth of the hole should not match the length of the fungus, but rather exceed it by 2 cm. Otherwise, the fasteners will not completely enter the hole, but will stick out from the outside, as construction debris will remain in it.

It is possible to ensure reliable insulation of the apartment only if the polystyrene foam fits snugly against the wall in the panel house, and there are no large gaps between the plates. Seams from 5 mm in size are filled with polyurethane foam. But if their width exceeds 2 cm, then a heater is placed in them, and after that they are filled with foam. When it dries, cut off the excess. At this stage, you can correct the protruding seams by rubbing them.

Continuing the insulation with foam plastic, it is necessary to proceed to puttying the caps of fungi and seams in panel houses with an adhesive mixture. All minor defects after the putty dries are removed with a plastic grater with emery.

Mesh wall cladding

The next step is gluing the mesh to the surface of the walls. To do this, use a special mesh that can be installed outside the building, since other material is under the influence external factors will lose its properties.

First, the mesh is glued to the corners, and then to the main surface. On sale there are products with ready-made corners - their installation is easy. Otherwise, the mesh should be made into strips about 30 cm wide, then bent in half to form an angle. Further, using a spatula, an adhesive mixture of 6-7 cm is applied to the wall surface on both sides of the corner. After that, the mesh itself is applied and the mixture is smoothed away from the corner.

Gluing the mesh to the main surface of the building can be done small areas, which will greatly facilitate the insulation of walls from the outside, in contrast to gluing large areas panel house surfaces. The product is cut into pieces of 1x1 m, but the processing of the mixture in width will reach 90 cm, and the remaining 10 cm must be left clean.

The adhesive mixture is first applied to a section of the wall so that 10 cm along the edges remain intact. Next, a grid is applied, a mixture is applied to it in small portions in the center. It is gently smoothed, leading the spatula from the center to the sides. Thus, the mesh is completely covered with the mixture. As for the seams, they should be carefully greased and leveled. But in order for the finishing of the seams to be invisible, it is important to overlap the clean edges of the mesh by about 8-10 cm and only then coat with the mixture.

After the mixture has completely dried, the surface of the building must be treated, namely: wipe it with a plastic float with emery. It should be noted that a product with an abrasive mesh is not suitable for grouting, since it is not intended for facade works. Before proceeding with the final step, it is important to make sure that the mixture is completely dry. In the sun, the surface dries very quickly, so it is recommended to insulate the building before the onset of cold weather.

A leveling layer of the mixture is applied to the treated surface, and then proceed to finishing. This completes the process of warming the panel building. Now the apartments will be reliably protected from the cold. Knowing how to insulate a panel house, you can do the work yourself, if you have all the necessary tools and materials.

The walls of a panel house need additional insulation over time. Unlike brick buildings, with temperature differences, they can freeze, accumulate moisture, which leads to the destruction of the external facade of the house, the appearance of cracks, mold and other unpleasant changes. Residents may notice that the apartments are cold, despite the presence of heating. To eliminate the consequences of such changes, and to keep the level of heat inside the premises as much as possible, it is recommended to insulate the panel house from the outside.

Benefits of outdoor insulation

External insulation of the house will not only prevent heat leakage through the walls, but also protect the facade from further destruction. Using various options decorative design in exterior finish the house will look new. In addition, wall insulation from the outside has the following advantages:

no need for time repair work evict tenants from the house,
increasing the temperature inside the building by protecting the walls from freezing and other adverse effects of weather conditions,
no resizing interior spaces- full living space is preserved,
insulation technology strengthens the supporting structure of the panel house, the building becomes more durable and its service life increases,
a layer of insulation on the outside acts as an additional good soundproofing of the building.

External wall insulation is most effective for panel houses– can save up to 50% of heat.

Types of insulation

The choice of what material is better to insulate the walls from the outside is influenced by:

location of the panel house in a certain climatic region,
rainfall, wind strength and speed,
allocated budget for the insulation of a panel house,
other individual factors.

useful at work

The estimate and project for the work is usually Management Company or HOA. And the team of industrial climbers directly performs the process of warming from the outside.

For panel houses, two types of insulation are mainly used:

Mineral wool

For outdoor work, it is convenient to work with mineral wool slabs, which are produced by various manufacturers. She has good performance according to the main characteristics, including thermal conductivity. However, care must be taken to ensure that mineral wool does not get wet, otherwise it will lose its thermal insulation properties. To do this, a vapor-permeable membrane is laid under the insulation layer, which will protect it from vapors.

When finishing with a ventilated facade, condensate from the walls of the house will be removed due to the air gap and the membrane can be omitted.

Styrofoam

Differs in ease, simplicity when laying plates on a wall. Also has good options for heat and sound insulation. For outdoor work, it is important to use a material that does not support self-combustion. Manufacturers mark it with the G1 marking, however, the results of many tests confirm that the foam is flammable, and this name does not meet the requirements of GOST 30244-94. When buying a heater, be sure to ask the seller for product certificates.

It's important to know

The insulation of a panel house from the outside is limited by the thickness of the insulating material. Maximum value foam plastic thickness for walls is calculated using special formulas, taking into account average temperatures in a certain climatic region and the purpose of the building (residential, public, industrial).

Stages of the facade insulation process

Depending on the method of insulation chosen, the installation will vary. There are two main technologies:

Wet Facade
Ventilated facade

The process of warming with a "wet" method is described below.

Wall surface preparation

It is necessary to carefully prepare the surface of the facade of the house in order to insulate it with high quality. Each wall is leveled, cleaned of various deposits, voids and cracks are sealed, especially paying attention to panel joints. If necessary, a sealant is laid in them, the gaps are smeared with special mastics.
Irregularities of the wall surface are allowed within 1 - 2 cm, but no more.
After cleaning and processing the joints, the walls are left to dry. Then they are covered with a universal primer using a roller or sprayer.

Insulation installation

Mounting of heat-insulating material on the walls is possible in three ways:

for glue
fasteners (dowels, plastic nails),
combination of glue with fasteners.

The video shows in detail the method of fixing the foam with a dowel for thermal insulation.

For example, the foam is fixed in a combined way from the first floor to the upper ones. At the bottom, a starting bar is installed, from which insulation begins to be glued. In this case, the glue is applied to the walls gently with a spatula, filling in the existing irregularities. Then foam sheets are pressed tightly against the treated surface. The evenness of the rows of insulation is checked by a level. Before the adhesive base sets, it is possible to correct minor errors. Now you need to wait 2 - 3 days for the glue to dry completely and the insulation to be well fixed on the walls. Next, the foam is additionally fixed with dowels - 4 - 5 pieces per sheet. Holes for fasteners are made with a puncher.

The second and subsequent rows of foam sheets are laid in a checkerboard pattern so that the joints of adjacent layers do not match. All seams between the insulation and the gaps from the fasteners are filled with a special mounting foam, designed specifically for the installation of polystyrene foam, in order to minimize the likelihood of heat leakage. Such foam is produced in cylinders and it is better to apply it with a special gun. Excess, the remains of the foam after drying cut off.

Grid pinning

Styrofoam is a rather fragile material, therefore, to give strength and rigidity to the insulation elements, it is reinforced. To do this, a special stable mesh is installed on the outside of the foam sheets. It is convenient to cut it into separate parts of the same size and fasten with an overlap in small fragments. A special layer is evenly applied to insulated surfaces. adhesive solution for facade work, and the mesh is pressed into it. Then another adhesive layer is applied for alignment. After installing the mesh on the whole house, they are waiting for the glue to dry in order to treat the surfaces sandpaper from smudges of the solution and irregularities in the process of fastening.
The reinforcement provides mechanical stability for the final decorative coating panel house.

Finishing

After insulation, external facades, as a rule, are decorated decorative plaster. For the best adhesion of materials, the general layer of thermal insulation is primed again.
In addition, for residential apartment buildings often use the technology of hinged ventilated facades. The thermal insulation layer has already been completed - it remains to mount outer lining with ventilation gap.

Today there is a wide range of materials for exterior finish in the hinged facade system:

metal products (profiling, siding, facade cassettes),
aluminum composite panels
slabs of porcelain stoneware, natural or artificial stone.

Each of them can be selected according to the external structure, color scheme and other characteristics.
Ventilated facade technology not only protects the walls of the building, but also allows you to implement a variety of design ideas and solutions.
To fix the ventilated facade, an additional frame will be required.

The process of warming panel houses can be carried out during their reconstruction or overhaul. If your choice fell on the “wet” facade technology, it is advisable to plan work in the summer or at temperatures above 5°C. When using ventilated facades, installation can be done year-round.

Most of the constructed panel and brick houses did not provide for the insulation of facades. Concrete and brick have high density and low thermal insulation properties. The result is cold walls and uncomfortable temperatures. There are several ways to insulate from the inside, the main thing is to avoid the appearance of dampness.

Dew point - physics of the phenomenon

A cold wall is not the only drawback of panel or brick houses. Often dampness and accompanying fungus and mold appear on it. The best way struggle - wall insulation from the outside (this is also a requirement of SNiP), but this is not always possible. Therefore, you have to fight the cold wall, insulating it from the inside. But there are pitfalls here.

Even if the cold wall was previously dry, then when it is insulated from the inside, dampness may appear. And the so-called dew point will be to blame.

The dew point is a conditional boundary at which the temperature of water vapor becomes equal to the temperature of condensate formation. It manifests itself, naturally, in the cold season. With proper design of the house (taking into account the characteristics of the region), it is approximately in the middle of the thickness of the facade of a material of uniform density.

If insulation is carried out from the outside, then the dew point shifts in the direction of decreasing density (that is, to the outer surface of the wall). When insulating from the inside, it moves inward, and condensate may appear on the surface of the main wall or inside the insulation.

And in order to assess the scale of possible damage, it is enough to say that as a result of the life of one person, about 4 liters of water evaporate per day (cooking, wet cleaning, personal hygiene, laundry, etc.).

Features of cold wall insulation from the inside

There are several ways to prevent condensation on a wall insulated from the inside:

Creation of a layer of heat-insulating material with a vapor permeability lower than that of the facade material.
Warming with materials with minimal water absorption.
Application of ventilated facade technology (taking into account internal placement).

Liquid thermal insulation

polyurethane foam

PPU insulation meets all requirements for vapor barrier, water absorption and the absence of seams. Therefore, even if there is a dew point inside the layer, it will remain “conditional”, since there is no condensation in vapor-tight materials. It turns out from the side of the room a completely sealed heat-insulating layer.

The environmental friendliness of PPU after curing meets the requirements for residential premises. Harmful fumes are present only when the components are mixed during the spraying process - after polymerization, the structure of the material remains stable.

Thermal insulation is applied between the crate and sewn up with moisture-resistant sheet materials(GKL, OSB or plywood). In fact, it is like a large prefabricated sandwich panel.

The disadvantage of this method is the use of special equipment.

liquid ceramics

This is a relatively young heat-insulating material, the action of which is based on the use of two principles - the creation of a thin layer with high resistance to heat transfer and the reflection of heat towards the radiation source.

Of course, a thin heat-insulating layer cannot provide good thermal insulation This is an optional but essential factor. Although it gives a fairly high effect - the wall becomes much "warmer" to the touch.

The main task of reducing heat loss is performed by microscopic ceramic spheres that reflect infrared radiation.

According to the manufacturers, the effect of a 1.5 mm layer can be compared with thermal insulation with 5 cm thick foam plastic or 6.5 cm mineral wool.

Application method is the same as for acrylic paint(basic is the same). After polymerization, a dense and durable film is formed on the surface, and latex additives improve the waterproofing properties.

Roll thermal insulation

Penofol

Penofol is a combination of polyethylene foam with aluminum foil. This is a whole series of materials (including single-sided, double-sided, laminated, with an adhesive layer). It can also be used in combination with other thermal insulation materials, as well as independently. By the way, penofol is popular for warming the bath from the inside, and there is much more steam there than in an ordinary residential area.

To insulate a cold wall, foam foam is used with one layer of foil (one-sided) and up to 5 mm thick.

In the case, as with liquid ceramics, the effect is achieved due to the low thermal conductivity of foamed polyethylene, as well as its low vapor permeability and high reflective properties of the foil (up to 97%).

But unlike seamless coatings, complete sealing and prevention of cold bridges cannot be achieved. Consequently, condensation may form on the surface of the foil. Even the obligatory sealing of joints with adhesive aluminum foil will still leave gaps inside between adjacent sheets.

The method of combating the formation of condensate on the foil is traditional - a crate with a ventilated gap between the foam and the outer lining.

polyph

Another version of polyethylene foam, but already made in the form of a kind of wallpaper - there is a layer of paper on both sides. Polyfoam and is designed for gluing wallpaper on it.

Of course, its thermal insulation properties are not as high as those of penofol, but to make a cold wall feel warmer to the touch, they are quite enough.

In most cases, the insignificant thickness of the insulation does not lead to the dew point moving to the inner surface.

The disadvantage of this method is that only a dry wall is insulated.

Insulation with expanded polystyrene

Expanded polystyrene (or extruded polystyrene foam) is glued to a prepared and leveled wall. Both materials have very low water absorption (especially extruded polystyrene foam), so the formation of condensate in the insulation layer is excluded. The main danger is its appearance on the surface of the insulated wall.

Therefore, it is best to glue sheets on special hydrophobic adhesive mixtures applied over the entire surface of the sheets. And to prevent the penetration of water vapor from the side of the room, treat the seams with sealant (you can also use foam plastic with a step or a tenon-groove connection).

Finishing can be done in two ways:

mesh reinforcement and plastering;
paneling according to load-bearing frame fixed to the floor, ceiling and adjoining walls (plasterboard false wall).

Warming with mineral wool

Mineral wool does not meet the requirements for vapor permeability and water absorption for insulation from the inside. But it can be used.

The main thing is to provide maximum protection against humid air from the side of the room and the weathering of water vapor from the insulation layer. That is, to make a ventilated facade, but in the reverse order: wall, gap, vapor-permeable membrane, mineral wool, vapor barrier film, decorative cladding indoors.

It is necessary to create a false wall at a distance of 2-3 cm from the main wall. And to weather the water vapor from below and above, make ventilation holes.