How to attach a balcony on the second floor: useful recommendations and instructions. Balcony frame from a profile pipe: scheme Build a suspended balcony

How to make a balcony in a private house, how to properly equip its fence, floor and canopy - you will learn about all this from our article.

Many people like balconies, they give the facade a complete and harmonious look. But in addition to aesthetics, such an architectural design increases the comfort of living in the house. It makes it possible to go outside, to fresh air, while not leaving the cottage. Often, cozy corners are arranged on the balconies for the whole family to relax. If you wish, you can make a small winter Garden. Also, balconies are used to put some things that do not fit in the house or need to be stored in a cool place.

The balcony is able to increase the natural light of the room many times over. That is why they are often made in houses with an attic. Such an architectural structure can be placed on top of the terrace or veranda, which are located on the ground floor. This is also great savings funds, since in this case the floor of the balcony will be at the same time the roof for the veranda.

What should be the balcony, where to place it?

Do-it-yourself balcony in a private house it is quite possible to do, but it will take quite a lot of time and money. Remember that this design should turn out not only beautiful, but also safe so that it can withstand the weight of several people who will stand on it. So that financial costs and labor are not in vain, you need to think very carefully about where to place the balcony so that you really enjoyed. It is not uncommon for such a design to be unnecessary simply because it was made in the wrong place. For example, tenants only after the construction of the house and its intro for exploitation realized that the balcony, for example, is located on the side of the neighbor’s yard, and you don’t want to relax there with your family at all, so that all the neighbors can see you. There are times when a balcony is located on the front side of the cottage, which overlooks a noisy road. Therefore, residents practically do not use it, because they do not want to relax, sitting above the highway.

In a word, you need to think very well where the balcony would be appropriate in your house, on which side to place it, so that it really becomes a cozy relaxation area, and not just an additional place to store things. A balcony can be made between the two walls of the house that form right angle. In this case, you get a really very cozy corner, if you glaze such a balcony and make heating there, you can relax on it even in winter.

Think about what exactly you want to do do-it-yourself balcony in a private house. If it will be used, for example, as a smoking area so as not to go out into the courtyard every time, or if it will first of all be just a decorative element of the building, it can be made small with a ledge from the wall of 70-100 cm. If you want a balcony to do for relaxation, consider what will need to be placed there small table, chairs. The protrusion of such a balcony should be at least 1.5 meters. In this case, from below it must necessarily be supported by racks, without this the structure will be dangerous.

Be sure to consider what material your house is built from. Wooden balconies look amazing, the weight of the wood is very light, it will not add a significant load to the cottage foundation. But far from always a balcony made of such building material will be appropriate, for example, if the building is built of brick or modern aerated concrete blocks in some fashion style loft, hi-tech or techno. In this case, the balcony must be made of reinforced concrete with metal railings.

How to make a frame for a future balcony?

Do-it-yourself balconies in private houses are most often made of wood. Heavy reinforced concrete structures require special equipment for their installation. If a wooden balcony is being made during the construction of the cottage, then the floor beams will become an excellent basis for it. In the place where the balcony is planned, the beams are made long and released outside the wall to such a distance as the future balcony structure should be. So that the frame does not deform and collapse, it is necessary to use beams with a section of 150x80 mm for these purposes. The width of such wooden balcony can be up to 2 meters.

If a interfloor ceilings in the house are made of reinforced concrete, it will not work to take out such beams. In this case, the balcony structure is made on special supports. To do this, it is necessary to fix a beam on the wall, the cross section of which must be at least 150x50 mm. Fasten it with galvanized metal anchors or consoles. The method of mounting the beam is chosen depending on what the walls of the house are made of.

After that, a cross beam is attached to the wooden balcony posts. It is on it that all load-bearing beams will rely. The design will turn out to be reliable and strong, if the transverse beam rests on top of the columns, you should not screw it overlay. Please note that it should be installed slightly lower than the wall support beam. This is done in order to get a slope of 2-3 degrees from the wall of the house, this will prevent the accumulation of moisture. The balcony area should be located 50 cm lower than the floor in the second floor room. This will prevent moisture from melting snow from entering the house. After that, it is necessary to attach balcony beams, the section of which is 150x50 mm, to the support bars using galvanized metal corner consoles. In this case, the step should be within 500-700 mm.

How to make struts and columns of a balcony?

If desired do-it-yourself balconies in private houses you can make not only small ones, but also large ones, where a table and chairs will fit. But such a design must be fixed with the help of special struts that reinforce the base. It's about about balconies that will protrude significantly from the wall. Such a brace can be made from a durable beam, which must be cut into the extreme beams and made to rest against the embedded elements of the wall. The brace is made of wood in the form of a right triangle. At the same time, one of its legs will be located on the facade of the house, it is attached with anchors, and the other must be securely screwed to the beams of the balcony area. Forged metal struts are very durable and beautiful. They are perfect for almost any wooden balcony design.

If you want to do large balcony according to the beam-rack system, its outer part must be supported with pillars. Like struts, there should be at least two such pillars. But if the design of the balcony is overall, they are made even larger to make it safe and strong. The columns supporting the large balcony must be placed on a columnar foundation. Only in this case it is possible to prevent their subsidence. Perfect option if such a base for the columns is poured simultaneously with the foundation structure of the entire building. She must be one with her. Only in this case will any distortions be completely excluded.

If you want to learn how to make a balcony in a private house that is built of wood, remember that the best option is a simultaneous construction balcony design and the entire cottage. Wood shrinks significantly, if you first remove the walls, the roof, and then start attaching a balcony to the house, which rests on columns, there is a high probability that the whole structure will warp due to shrinkage, gaps will form between the wall and the balcony.

To make strong wooden columns, you need a dry beam, the section of which is 100x100 mm. Fix them strictly vertically. To do this, you can use auxiliary struts, which are removed after the balcony frame is fully assembled. You can attach wooden columns to the foundation using box-shaped consoles for mounting racks, which were previously walled up in concrete. You can also use corners for secure fastening. But in the best possible way nevertheless, there are box-shaped consoles, their size is chosen depending on the cross-section of the beam. To completely eliminate the lateral oscillations of the columns, it is possible to make inclined braces that will support them. Such additional mounts necessary if the balcony is very large and heavy.

What to make a durable balcony floor?

Terraced board is very popular now. This modern material made from wood fiber and plastic. It looks exactly like a tree. Such a board is easily and quickly cut and processed. The surface of this material is polished and imitates beautiful wood species. Best to buy terrace board, in which hidden fasteners are provided, in this case the floor will be perfectly flat and aesthetic.

Such a board is good because it is not afraid of moisture at all, it will never crack, bark beetles or mold will not start in it. It does not need to be covered with varnish, paint or antifungal treatment. But it is quite possible to make flooring from ordinary wooden boards. In order for them to serve for a long time, they must be pre-treated with antifungal impregnations, and then hidden with varnish or paint. Please note that these materials must be designed for outdoor use and for use in high humidity conditions.

How to make a balcony railing?

Balcony railings are not just decoration, they must be very reliable, strong so that you can lean on them without fear of falling. If the entire balcony is made of wood, then the fence is most often also made of wood, but in some cases it is quite suitable. forged metal. Remember that the balcony railing must be combined with the overall architecture of the building. For example, a wooden carved fence will look out of place in a house whose facade is sheathed. plastic panels, or in the case when the cottage is built in modern style minimalism, hi-tech or the like. The best option for such houses would be fences made of metal.

If you are interested in how to make a balcony in a private house with wooden railings, you will learn more about this later in our article. The railing posts are attached to load-bearing beams with a pin connection. You can also use self-tapping studs. To securely attach all the balustrade posts, use corners, metal struts, brackets. Safety standards require that the balcony railings can withstand a horizontal load of 100 kg / m. To do this, the distance between the posts and other elements of the railing is made at least 10-12 cm, so that even small children cannot climb through them. Regardless of the material from which the balcony railing is made, its height should be at least 1 meter, and even better though would be 1.2 meters. Only such railings will be truly reliable.

How to make a good canopy for a balcony?

This design is optional, some customers in the development individual house project on the contrary, they ask that the balcony be made completely open without a canopy. But if you want to relax there in any weather, even on a hot summer day, it is better to make a canopy after all. In this case, you will be able to be on the balcony, even if it is raining outside without strong wind. The canopy will close the furniture that you put on the balcony from the shower, snow, the scorching rays of the sun. Thanks to this design, it will be possible to dry things there on a rainy day, when it is impossible to do it in the yard. In a word, the canopy will make the balcony even more comfortable and functional.

Often they make a balcony right under the roof of the house, in which case it will be a canopy. If you are wondering how to make just such a balcony with your own hands in a private house, the photo will help you figure it out.

But it is quite possible to make a canopy independent of the roof. To do this, a support board is attached to the load-bearing wall, to which the rafters are mounted. The front of the canopy must be supported by struts that go from the wall. You can also rely on pillars, which can be columns of a balcony that protrude beyond the level of the site.

It is desirable to cover the balcony canopy with the same roofing material as the roof of the building. In this case general form will be really harmonious. It is quite possible to do without installing a solid canopy. There are fabric or PVC awnings, they require a light frame. There are summer models of such canopies, they need to be removed for the winter so that they do not tear from strong winds and heavy snow.

How to choose a protective coating for balcony structures?

So that all structural elements of your balcony serve for many years and retain their aesthetic appearance, they must be protected from the effects of climatic factors. Remember that the balcony is outside, so it must withstand rain, hail, snow, strong wind and the scorching sun, while remaining durable, reliable and beautiful. For outdoor work, alkyd-urethane varnishes are currently considered the best. When they harden, an elastic heavy-duty film is obtained, which is resistant to absolutely any atmospheric influences.

Remember that varnish or paint, as well as impregnation, a primer, must be selected from one manufacturer so that their composition is compatible with each other. The wooden structures of the balcony are treated with putty, sealing all cracks. After it dries, the layer is polished, making it perfectly even. After that, a special primer is applied, which will ensure excellent adhesion of the subsequent layer of material. There are tinting impregnations that can make a tree darker, emphasize its beauty. They are used if a special varnish is applied on top instead of paint.

Finishing of all wooden structures of the balcony is carried out in several stages. To begin with, using a sprayer or brush, the first coat of paint or varnish is applied. After it dries, it must be sanded using a fine abrasive. After that, a second layer is applied, which, thanks to grinding, will look perfectly even, the color will turn out to be saturated. Metal structures also need to be coated with a special paint, which is designed specifically for this material and for outdoor work. They are pre-treated with primers that prevent the formation of rust and provide excellent adhesion of the paint layer and metal.

Need for self erection a balcony often occurs among owners of private houses or residents of apartments in which the presence of such a room was not initially provided for by the design.

With the work of erecting and finishing the balcony, you can handle it on your own. Read the instructions in this guide and get started.

Construction Options

There are 2 main options for building a balcony, namely:

If the structure is attached to the second and higher floors, it must have additional supports. It is forbidden to fix the building exclusively to the wall - it will not stand.

The function of the supports is most often performed by columns. They fit well into the environment and complement the architecture of the house.

Before starting work, draw up or order a balcony project with a detailed diagram from a specialized organization.

Building a balcony on a foundation

If the balcony is attached to the first floor, it will be quite simple strip base. In the case of arranging an extension on the higher floors, build.

In general, the procedure for arranging concrete foundations remains almost the same. The following is an instruction for the construction of a strip-column foundation. By removing recommendations for installing poles from the manual, you will receive ready-made instructions for installing the strip base.

First step. Mark the future foundation on the ground. For marking, use pegs and a cord.

Second step. Get rid of the top layer of soil. Dig a trench to the required depth (determined according to local soil conditions) and post holes.

Third step. Drive in (screw in) the supporting piles. Also, supports can be made independently from pipes, concrete pillars or other suitable materials. To ensure additional strength of the installation, before installing the pillars, the bottom of the pits can be poured with a 20-30 cm layer of concrete. The empty space between the walls of the pits and the pillars after their installation is also filled with mortar.

Fourth step. Tamp the bottom of the trench, cover it with a 10 cm layer of gravel and a 15-20 cm layer of sand. Tamp each layer of backfill carefully.

Fifth step. Assemble the formwork from durable boards.

Sixth step. Lay the reinforcing frame. Use rebar with a diameter of 10-14 mm. As a result, you should get a reinforcing mesh with a mesh size of no more than 150x150 mm.

Seventh step. Pour concrete and give it a month to set. The formwork is recommended to be dismantled after the concrete has completely cured.

Eighth step. Cover the frozen foundation waterproofing material(bitumen, roofing material).

Ninth step. Fill all voids with earth.

Tenth step. Tie the posts along the upper edges with a channel. The height of the foundations of the balcony must match.

Balcony design

First step. Lay a wooden or reinforced concrete slab on the finished base.

Second step. Using a perforator, create an opening in the wall for mounting a balcony block.

Third step. Install balcony block. After installation, level the slopes with cement mortar and seal the existing gaps with mounting foam.

Fourth step. . For this, it is best to use building blocks, for example, from foam concrete. They have a relatively small weight and will exert a noticeably lower load on the foundation compared to the same brick.

The thickness of the walls should be at least 25-30 cm. Bring the walls to the upper ceiling.

In the process of building walls, perform reinforcement every 3 rows.

In conclusion, it remains to equip the roof. Roof structure must be made with a certain slope in the direction from the house.

For the arrangement of the roof, it is enough to lay wooden logs or mount metal carcass and then lay the finishing roofing material.

Works great with support columns wooden beam square section. Select the parameters of the beam individually. Most often, supports with a side of 100 mm are sufficient. Instead of a beam, you can use another suitable material at your discretion.

The columns must be installed strictly vertically, otherwise there will be no question of the reliability of the balcony structure. To ensure verticality, support the columns with temporary braces while the foundation dries.

Floor

Lay a planed board 4 cm thick on the floor. Pre-treat the material with an antiseptic and fire retardant.

Lay the boards across the support beams. Leave a 2-3 mm gap between the boards to divert precipitation.

Use self-tapping screws to fasten the boards. Fastener heads should be slightly sunk into the material.

railing

And the last structural element of the balcony is the railing. The choice of material of manufacture, design features and appearance of the railing is at the discretion of the owner. If you wish, you can do without them altogether by making fences of suitable sizes from concrete slabs.

Glazing

For you can use wooden frames or metal-plastic structures. At this point, everything also remains at the discretion of the owner.

Balcony insulation

Necessarily . Start from the floor.

Floor

Styrofoam boards are well suited for the floor. The material is characterized by high thermal insulation properties and normally tolerates various kinds of loads.

Level the base and glue the foam plates to it using a specially designed for this binder composition. Provide additional fixation of the plates with plastic dowels.

On top of the insulation, lay the mounting grid on the glue, and then fill the entire structure with a self-leveling mixture.

Instead, you can do based on wooden crate, fill its voids with thermal insulation, and fill plywood or boards on top.

As a final floor covering linoleum is well suited for a balcony. You can also use waterproof laminate and other materials with similar properties.

Walls

Attach a frame of wooden slats to the walls. Determine the mounting step of the rails according to the width of the insulation.

Cover the frame with waterproofing film. To attach the film, use construction stapler. Be sure to glue the joints of the waterproofing material with adhesive tape.

Fill the cells of the crate with the selected one. Lay a vapor barrier over the insulation. Fasten the material also using a construction stapler.

On top of the finished insulating cake, fill the second crate, perpendicular to the first, for mounting the finishing material.

Ceiling

The ceiling can be insulated with mineral wool.

Nail a crate of boards with a thickness of 10 mm to the ceiling. Fix the boards with the edge down.

Fill the gaps between the boards with insulation.

Cover the insulation with waterproofing material and nail additional cross rails to the boards. They will retain heat and moisture insulation, as well as provide the necessary ventilation gap between the insulating cake and the finishing material.

Prices for popular types of heaters

insulation

Lining is well suited for a balcony. The material has excellent properties and is attached to the crate with the help of clamps without any extra effort.

Exterior decoration of the structure is most often performed using siding. This material is characterized high reliability and excellent performance, has an attractive appearance and is easy to install without the involvement of third-party installers.

In general, when choosing a finish, be guided by your personal preferences and available budget.

Successful work!

Prices for popular finishing wall panels

Wall panels

Video - How to make a balcony with your own hands

Balconies, although they are a very functional and indispensable part of the apartment, but not all houses are equipped with them. Often there are layouts where there is simply no balcony. But do not despair - you can design a balcony with your own hands.

Let us consider in more detail all the details regarding the construction of balconies, as well as the main stages of insulation, decoration and arrangement.

Construction options and designs

You can make a balcony with your own hands, and it is not as difficult as it might seem at first glance. First you need to decide on the functional value of the building, on the basis of which both the size of the balcony and the place where it will be located will be determined.

The location of the apartment on the first floor provides a unique opportunity to simplify the construction - the basis of the balcony can be leaned on stable columns. There are also some nice bonuses in the form of building a large cellar or even a separate entrance to the apartment.

The construction of a hinged balcony may not be possible due to the threat to the integrity of the facade and the entire structure of the dwelling, therefore, the concrete base should be made with a separate mount and additional supports supporting it from below.

Mounts can be designed as horizontal version, where the lower and upper parts are simply attached to the facade of the house, and have corner supports, which, in this case, are the best, most secure option.

How to get a building permit?

Self-made construction of a balcony will be impossible without obtaining the appropriate permission. It will be necessary to collect a package of certain documents and submit them to the right authorities.

The list of documents required for the hand-made construction of a balcony:

The plan of the apartment and the project of the dwelling.
Balcony construction project (it is better to entrust this stage to professionals).
Written and legally certified building permit obtained from neighbors.

Next, you need to contact lawyers for advice and receive notification that the building is completely legal. For illegal construction, the court may impose penalties and demolition of the structure.

After obtaining permission from a lawyer, it will be necessary to contact the BTI on the same issue.

In no case should you neglect legal assistance, since in order to add a balcony to an apartment on the ground floor, you may also need permission to use the land under it (its purchase or privatization).

Project preparation

Before starting construction, it is necessary to prepare an appropriate project, in which the main parameters and features of the future building will be observed and indicated. The balcony is no exception and also needs designing.

Consider the features and procedure for designing a balcony:

First of all, before starting the design, it will be necessary to collect some information regarding the functional features of the house itself. It is necessary to clarify whether additional buildings are allowed according to technical data, as well as the parameters that a building may have;
Based on the data obtained, a rough design of a balcony room is made, which is necessary for presenting to lawyers in order to obtain a building permit. Further, the project is finalized, improved and presented in this form to the BTI;
When designing, absolutely everything must be taken into account: the stability of the structure, the severity of the materials intended for use, as well as equipping the balcony with appropriate fasteners. In order for the design to be reliable, it is necessary to take into account all aspects and reflect them as accurately as possible on the drawings, according to which the construction will be carried out.

How to make a balcony on the foundation?

A balcony on the foundation, of course, is built only in apartments on the first floor. The structure is quite bulky, but its scheme is unlikely to be too complicated.

The construction of balconies of this type is carried out on strip foundation, which is a kind of closed circuit, made of reinforced concrete beams. This foundation must be built under the bearing walls and the foundations of the future structure.

After the foundation is erected, marking is carried out, all necessary excavation, then a strong frame is welded, a screed is poured, walls are constructed, glazing is installed and external and internal finishing work is carried out.

Remote balcony

A remote balcony is a frame of a room placed outside. He is separate part and has nothing to do with the walls of the room, with the exception of the adjacent central wall, in which the entrance is located.

To build a remote balcony, it is necessary to build a frame and take care of the reliability of the fasteners, especially the supporting ones. After the construction of the frame, it will be necessary to build a floor slab, it is best that it be reinforced with reinforcement and made of concrete.

It is necessary to make an open balcony screed for the reliability of the floors.

To ensure the circulation of fresh air in the room, it is necessary good ventilation. Few people think about this when building balconies, so it often happens that a smell of dampness appears in an insulated room, fungal microorganisms develop and windows often fog up.

There are two types of balcony ventilation:

special valves responsible for air supply and exhaust, mounted in the frame window frame on the balcony;
electric fan.

It is worth noting that a system with a fan is more powerful.

Balcony in a private house or in the country

Undoubtedly, when building a private or country house the thought of a balcony involuntarily pops up, because what could be more beautiful than balcony gatherings on warm summer evenings. Let us consider in more detail the options for building balconies in private houses.

Ideally, the basis of the balcony is the same concrete slab that should be laid initially during the construction of the house, since this way the structure will be more reliable. But there are also options for completing the balcony, the basis of which is based, for example, on columns. Thus, the lower part of the balcony becomes a kind of visor.

It is not necessary to build stone or concrete version, it is enough to do a solid foundation. The railing of a balcony in a private house may well be decorative - forged or cast openwork, depending on individual preferences.

It is much easier to make a balcony in a wooden country house, both during the construction of the house, and to attach after its completion. The wooden base rests on vertical beams or on corner mounts located below it.

But you should be careful when choosing wood for the balcony floor - it must be strong and reliable.

How to hold the light?

Often, balconies are not only insulated, but they also try to equip them with such a functional thing as lighting. But how easy is it to carry out lighting on the balcony without harming the repair and interior of the apartment? Let's take a closer look at the easiest ways.

First of all, you need to decide on the place from which the line will be drawn. There are three options:

apartment shield - the lighting will be powerful, but you will need a large amount of cable, which will have to be pulled, if not through the entire apartment, then through a couple of rooms;
split box - best option;
nearest outlet - a small amount of cable is involved, but the lighting may not be as powerful as we would like, since it will be directly related to the operation of electrical appliances in the next room.

The wiring can be both open and hidden. The simplest option is open, the wire can simply be fixed to the walls or hidden in baseboards, corners or a special plastic cable channel.

Covered wiring can be a little difficult if there is a fresh repair, because in order to hide the wires, you will have to ditch the walls.

How to make a visor?

The visor is part closed balcony, and its functional role is to cover the glass from raindrops and reduce the flow of sunlight entering the room. The first step is to determine the size of the visor. It is best that its length be a little more length balcony, and the free edge slightly extended beyond the railing. So the visor will be the most functional, protecting the balcony from raindrops.

The next step will be the construction of mounts. They can be completely different: straight, slightly inclined or even in the form of a small arc. The main thing is that all fasteners are made of high-quality metal profiles and corners, since when building a balcony with your own hands, reliability and safety are valued above all else.

The construction of the canopy is completed with a roof. It will be necessary to select the material:

for a straight surface, tiles or slates are suitable, which are often used to cover the roofs of houses;
for an inclined surface, the most reliable and easiest option will be metal sheets, which are also called corrugated board, as well as durable ondulin;
bending metal sheets or polycarbonate are suitable for the arc.

Roof top floor

If everything is clear with the middle floors - the roof of the lower balcony is the concrete foundation of another, located on the floor above, then many questions arise regarding the balconies on the last, upper floor, because not everyone knows how to make a roof with their own hands.

There are two options for building a roof on the balconies of the last floors:

Construction of a dependent structure - a system of fasteners is made, which are the basis and load-bearing part of the structure. This option is more reliable, since the roof rests on the structure and is well fixed on it.
The construction of an independent structure - supports and racks are not used, and the roof is fixed only to the outer part of the wall.

To equip both structures, you will need metal profiles and corners, polyurethane foam and large screws fitted with waterproofing pads. And for the roof itself, material such as polycarbonate, tiles or any other is perfect. roofing materials, as well as various types of steel sheets.

It is worth noting that after the construction of the structure, it will be necessary to carefully seal all the cracks in order to prevent moisture from entering during rain.

Warming

When building a balcony closed type the main problem may be its insulation, since a cold room will be functional only in the warm season. Let us consider in more detail how to insulate a balcony and its main stages.

The first step is the installation of insulated double-glazed windows, since with ordinary thin windows, heat is unlikely to linger inside the room for a long time. The need is waterproofing from the inside of the room, which is carried out in order to protect the room from moisture.

If desired and necessary, after waterproofing, you can cover the floor of the balcony with insulating electric mats, which are commonly called "warm floors". It is this idea that will help to heat the premises and regulate the temperature regime in it.

In addition, if finances allow, it is possible to insulate the walls during the construction process with the help of special foam blocks. The material perfectly retains heat inside the room and controls it not abruptly, but gradually cooling down.

One of the examples of warming balconies and loggias can be seen in this video.

Finishing

After the construction and insulation of the balcony room, the necessary step is to finish the interior space. In order not to take risks, it is better to leave the exterior decoration of the balcony to professionals who have special equipment and equipment for external works on high.

Interior decoration is made based on personal preferences, the area of \u200b\u200bthe balcony and its type - insulated or cold. For insulated small balcony great for flooring ceramic tile or high-quality laminate with a protective backing.

Anything can be used for wall decoration: from decorative textured plaster and ending with flesiline wallpaper. But if the first option is also suitable for cold balconies with high humidity, then the second is suitable only for dry heated rooms.

To finish the ceilings, facing paint, whitewash, plastic and wood panels are usually used. But, in truth, the most practical and visually appealing is considered stretch ceiling, which will not only decorate the interior, but will also last for many years.

Arrangement

While some people are designing classic interior balcony, others bring to life the most non-standard ideas, turning the balcony into something completely unusual. Let's take a closer look at the most non-standard ideas balcony designs.

The installation of dense, hermetically sealed double-glazed windows, lining with lining and installation of powerful heating elements will help turn a balcony room into a real sauna. Of course, it will be impossible to carry out water procedures in such a room, but it is quite suitable for warming up well.

On the balcony you can build a wonderful lounge area suitable for relaxation and stress relief. For example, you can put soft mattresses and pillows on the floor, and decorate the room with fragrant beautiful flowers in the upper area.

Balcony is not only decorative element but also a place where you can relax, sit with friends or even work! But if for a city apartment this is really a multifunctional area, then in a private house a balcony is no longer so popular.

The relevance of the balcony in a private house

Even at the stage of designing a house, it is advisable to decide whether a balcony is needed, and if so, how much. Most often, balconies are loved by city dwellers who are not yet accustomed to their own garden. After all, the advantages of a balcony are undeniable:

aesthetics - a house with terraces and loggias looks much more spectacular;
convenience - lovers of smoking before going to bed will definitely appreciate going out under the open sky;
functionality - a balcony can become a roof for a veranda or a porch under it;
extra space for small area it is much more profitable to make a wide balcony, under which you can arrange a flower garden.

But there are many drawbacks to the balcony in a private house. So, for morning coffee it is much more convenient to go to the terrace, and not to go up to the second floor back to the room. Gatherings with friends are also transferred to the gazebo, making the balcony an exclusively decorative part of the facade. And the financial side of the issue does not speak in favor of balconies - such a house will cost much more.

What design of a balcony to choose?

Having decided on the construction of a balcony, it is worth considering its design and location well. It can be a cantilever (hanging in the air), attached, or a balcony located in the attic, based on the walls of the house (options 1,2 and 3 in the photo). Constructive decisions differ in the method of fixing balcony slabs:

Slab clamped in the wall - suitable for concrete and brick houses, but is contraindicated for aerated concrete buildings due to its weight.
A slab lying on beams pinched in the wall is suitable for any house, depending on the material chosen.
Slab based on brackets - triangular supports can be attached to an already finished building, and a variety of options will allow you to fit a balcony into any design.
A slab with a support at only one end is a variant of a slab cantilevered in the wall, but thanks to additional supports, a balcony can be made of any width and even for houses made of aerated concrete.
A balcony on four pillars is, in fact, a high extension on its own foundation and independent of the rest of the building, which can be erected after the construction of the house is completed.

The cantilevered plate is used only for balconies up to 1 meter wide. A balcony on beams can be a little wider - up to 1.2 m, and on brackets a width of 1.5 m is acceptable. But using supports, you can not limit yourself and build a whole terrace.

In this case, it is desirable to immediately install a visor that will protect from the sun and rain. It should protrude beyond the perimeter of the balcony area by at least 10 cm in front and 20 cm on the sides. If this is the windward side, then the visor must be at least doubled to protect against oblique rain.

On a balcony without a visor, a garden swing with an awning roof will come in handy. It is desirable to choose folding models with coasters for drinks. In winter, the swings simply fold up and stow away in the house, and in summer it is a great place to relax, where you can even sleep.

Installation of a balcony on cantilever beams with supports

If you need professional calculations to install a balcony slab on beams, then using additional supports, you can confidently build a balcony with your own hands. Stages of construction of a wooden balcony:

Choice of supports. This can be both wooden poles with a section of 14x14 cm, and concrete supports. The foundation for the supports can be shared with the house or separate. The first option is suitable for arranging a terrace under a balcony. In the latter case, the depth of the foundation should be below the freezing of the soil. The wood must be resistant to decay - larch and oak are excellent for supports.
Digging or drilling holes. They should be at least 10 cm larger than future pillars.
Wooden poles are treated with antiseptics, and the lower part is covered with bitumen so that the waterproofing of the ground part is at a height of 15 cm. A pillow of sand and gravel is placed under the wooden pole, and the lower part is concreted. After the mortar has hardened, the pillars are covered with soil and rammed.
Concrete or brick supports require a full-fledged columnar foundation. So that the heavy balcony does not “leave” into the ground, lower part the foundation is made wider than the top by 10 cm, for which the formwork is installed in the form of a truncated cone.

Longitudinal beams with a cross section of at least 5x25 cm are laid on the supports. The bars are placed on the edge and fastened to wooden supports with self-tapping screws, and to brick or concrete - with dowels. Between themselves, the beams can be connected overlay with metal brackets or clamps.
After that, cantilever beams are inserted into the holes left in advance with a step of 0.7-2 m, which are based on the longitudinal ones. The tree is treated with antiseptics, and the ends entering the wall are wrapped with roofing material.

Walls wooden house sealed with membrane wind-proofing. Holes in brick wall filled with concrete, and the joints must be sealed with sealant.

Lathing bars with a section of 5x10 cm are laid on the cantilever beams, and on top - wood flooring. It is advisable to choose boards that are resistant to moisture or cover them annually with waterproof paint or varnish.

The balcony railing is made at least 1.1 m high. If it is planned to be solid, a gap must be left between the railing and the balcony slab for water to drain. Even at the stage of erecting the supports, the installation of the balcony should be planned with a slope of 2% towards the drain - otherwise the water will linger on the floor.

The principle of building a concrete balcony is the same, only instead of wooden beams channels are used, and a small groove should be made along the entire edge of the underside of the slab - a “teardrop”. It protects the walls of the house from drops of water that can flow from the balcony and reach the junction of the balcony with the house. Without such a groove, any waterproofing will be ineffective, and with heavy slanting rain, the places where the channels enter the wall will get wet.

Features of the extension of the balcony on supports to the finished house

If the house is built and already inhabited, and the balcony is very necessary, you can simply attach it! It can be erected both on a strip foundation and on a columnar one. The depth of the foundation is standard - below the freezing of the soil.

Expansion joint device or rigid connection?

A lighter foundation adjacent to the main building cannot be connected “tightly”, but only with the help of an expansion joint. Otherwise, when inevitable shrinkage one of the foundations will inevitably be destroyed.

To do this, after installing the formwork, any elastic material is laid close to the old foundation - rigid mineral wool or polystyrene foam 1-2 cm thick and concrete is poured. After the new foundation has hardened, the joint is filled with an elastic sealant.

The formwork in this case is placed close to the building and filled with a cement-sand mixture.

If there is no confidence in the stability of the soil, it is rational to apply a compromise that combines an elastic and rigid connection. To do this, steel ruffs are fixed in the foundation with a layer of glue, which will provide the necessary mobility without destroying the concrete. Apply to the entire surface construction sealant, and the free ends of the ruffs are closed with plastic bushings.

How to connect a balcony to a wall?

How to make an "additional" balloon? There are two mounting methods:

with fastening the beam, on which the logs of the balcony will rest, on the wall of the house;
with the installation of the second row of supports close to the wall of the house.

In the first case, the principle of construction is practically the same as a balcony on cantilever beams. Unless these beams are based not on the walls of the house, but on the base board. Such a balcony will not be able to withstand heavy loads, so it is not recommended to install furniture on it.

If you use slopes - wooden brackets with an additional transverse beam attached to them, the reliability of the structure increases. The tree itself is quite plastic, so you don’t have to worry about different shrinkage and deformation of the walls.

In order not to rent heavy equipment to lift the finished concrete slab, you can make a formwork and pour the slab yourself:

100 mm metal corners are laid on the supports - for internal and external brickwork.
Masonry is done to the level of the future balcony slab. It is important not to forget - so that water does not flow into the room, the floor on the balcony should be slightly lower.

The formwork for the slab is also made of chipboard, supported by beams on the underside, and the top is covered with a film to protect it from moisture.

First, the outer belt is poured, and only after it is filled - the plate. To prevent the balcony from “moving away”, ruffs fixed with elastic glue are driven into the wall, the wall itself is covered with insulation, and the free ends of the ruffs are plastic bushings poured along with the stove.

The joint after the concrete has hardened is filled with building sealant.
On the concrete screed it is imperative to lay waterproofing with at least 15 cm on the wall of the house. You can put on the floor outdoor tiles- it is resistant to temperature extremes and does not require special care.

You should not make a solid wall on an open balcony - rain and melt water will stagnate, it will have to be removed manually each time. Forged railings look much more impressive.

If you want to make a small hinged balcony, the video describes the basic principles of the reinforcement mesh and its attachment to the wall:

I thought about attaching a balcony on the second floor with my own hands for a long time, but I was confused by many questions: from how to formalize it legally, to how to choose the right design for the future space. However, the option to purchase additional square meters, to equip a small room and a place for drying clothes - won!

So, I offer you a step by step guide!

Plan development

During the construction process, it is necessary to strictly follow the work plan, technical documentation, and nothing else, because any arbitrariness threatens you with serious consequences, at least - indignation of the neighbors, at the maximum - you can lose the new building, and you will be brought to administrative responsibility. What should be included in the plan:

collect all the necessary documents for official registration;
consider options for existing balcony designs;
draw up a project of the premises;
calculate the estimate.

Let's start with the most time-consuming procedure. Only by evaluating the scope of work on official registration, you will be able to understand whether you have a chance to get permission for an extension.

How to get a building permit

As the experience of many apartment owners and builders shows, it is most difficult to obtain permission for an extension of the second floor. There are many reasons for this, but the main one is related to a possible threat to integrity. high-rise building and load bearing wall. I note: this does not mean that it is unrealistic to obtain the necessary package of documents.

First of all, contact the Planning Inspectorate in your city, after a free consultation, you will be provided with a list of documents that will be required to consider the case.

I note right away that there are a number of points of the legislative plan for which you will immediately be denied. What is included in this list:

the house is included in the list of architectural monuments;
the attached balcony will face the main street;
the design may violate the integrity of the bearing wall of the house;
the extension is located closer than two and a half meters to underground utilities, or they pass along the wall of the house (for example, gas pipes);
the technical design of the balcony does not meet building standards.

After making sure that the annex on the 2nd floor does not violate the listed points, you can safely collect documents. What you need:

permission from the organization on whose balance sheet your house is located;
written consent of tenants living on the left, right, above and below;
ordering a project for a balcony or loggia in an architectural bureau;
coordination of the finished project with supervisory authorities (gas service, Gorvodokanal, etc.), if there is a need to transfer communications, then it is necessary to prepare the relevant documents and officially pay for the work of employees from the public service.

After you have collected the entire list of documents, we go to the construction department and the district administration. What you must provide:

an application on behalf of the owner of the apartment for redevelopment;
documents confirming the ownership of the apartment;
certificate from the BTI;
finished project of a balcony;
documents for coordinating the project of the future balcony with utilities;
written consent of the tenants of the house;
photograph of the house.

I repeat that this procedure cannot be avoided, and any illegal extension is subject to demolition! After submitting all the documents, we arm ourselves with patience and wait 45 working days, during which time your application should be studied and an official response should be given. Having received a building permit, you can safely proceed to the purchase of material and invite builders.

I note that after the completion of the work, you must invite a commission that will draw up an acceptance certificate and confirm that everything has been done in accordance with the technical documentation. In parallel, these data must be recorded in the BTI and in the ownership right.

Design options and budgeting principles

Now you can safely start building. There are not so many options for proven balconies for the second floor, it all depends on your personal wishes and design features.

Not everyone decides to independently draw up a project for a remote room, therefore, if you have planned a small room, and not a place for drying clothes, then it is better to contact specialists. What can they offer you:

install a balcony on a platform fixed to the bearing wall;
hoist the structure on supports (pillars);
carry out the installation of an extension on the continuation of the beam structure of interfloor ceilings;
double balcony, completion of the second floor or construction of a balcony room on the outbuilding.

What will builders pay attention to, and what will the project and construction estimate depend on? First, it is the age and condition of the house. Secondly, the thickness and integrity of the bearing walls and foundation. armed project documentation at home and a technical passport, pay attention to what the wall is made of:

brickwork - if it is not less than 50 cm, while being solid and intact, like the foundation, then on the 2nd floor you can build any of the above balcony structures;
timber - it is important that the size is not less than 20 × 20 cm, there is no insect damage, the floors and beams are in perfect condition, and the age of the house does not exceed 20 years and stands firmly on a solid foundation. Only if all the above points are observed, you can think about an extension to the supporting pillars or in the form of an outbuilding superstructure;
aerated concrete and foam concrete blocks- it is reasonable to consider the option of an extension on supports or in the form of an outbuilding;
expanded clay concrete blocks or walls with a lightweight frame. An extension is possible only with the use of additional supports, poles and a carefully thought-out load on them.

The functionality of the project is calculated taking into account where the window opening goes. Thus, you can immediately calculate where you will have an exit from the apartment to the new premises. If the courtyard area allows, and the residents of the house do not mind, you can consider adding a porch.

Another an important factor is . At the construction stage, I strongly recommend that you think about insulation and ventilation so that you don’t spend money on the work of builders twice.

Based on the information received, you can draw up an estimate and safely go to the construction base!

Tools, materials - let's start building!

Is it possible to do without the involvement of construction companies and teams? If you are one of those who trust only themselves and own building knowledge, then it is quite possible to make the second floor yourself!

What tools will you need:

marking and measuring instruments: spirit level, tape measure, plumb line, markers;
power tools: a screwdriver, a drill and drill bits, a grinder and a set of circles;
auxiliary tools: hammer, pliers, hacksaw;
spanners;
welding inverter, brushes with metal pile, protective mask for welding.

Depending on the design chosen, the list and quantity of materials will change - this is obvious, but I will still present an approximate list for your reference: lumber, poles for support, cement, small gravel and building sand, metal profiles and related materials, hardware and fasteners.

Installation of a balcony structure

For your consideration, I propose options for installing balcony structures for the second floor.

Balcony on brackets

The first installation option - a balcony on brackets - is ideal for small balconies.

Preparing a welded or wooden structure from brackets according to the dimensions specified in the project. As a result, be sure to check the dimensions and angles.
Attaching the structure to the wall anchor bolts or connecting threaded studs. We check the verticality of the installation using a spirit level and a plumb line.
We strengthen the balcony slab or subfloor on the brackets.

Advice: boards with a thickness of 50 mm are suitable for the subfloor.

We build fences, walls and install window frames.