What is the correct name for the building level. English proficiency levels

When building a house, major or cosmetic repairs, assembling and installing furniture, one of the necessary tools is the building level. It is he who allows you to clearly determine the deviation from the vertical or horizontal line. The market for construction products is annually replenished with a variety of models that differ in technical characteristics and principle of operation. After examining the rating of the best samples, everyone will be able to accurately determine the most suitable option for themselves.

Notable building level companies

Among the variety of offers from different companies, DIYers and experienced builders have identified several brands that specialize in building grade production. Their products have earned their trust for their high build quality and ability to provide accurate parameters.

ADA

The company was founded back in 1889 and from the very beginning produced building measuring devices. He has many patents and is considered one of the leaders in this field. The key advantage of the meters is the launch immediately when the rulers are extended, the overall ergonomics and the price. The downside concerns electronic meters - many complain about weak batteries. And if for a house this is not important, then at a construction site or other large facility it is a serious problem.

Kapro

An Israeli company that in just 30 years managed to get into the TOP manufacturers of measuring devices. The products are distinguished by ergonomic solutions, original design, high level of quality and manufacturability.

BOSCH

German concern with 130 years of experience in the development and production of various equipment and tools. The company uses innovative technologies in the production of products, as a result of which the quality remains standard. In this case, the measuring equipment manufactured for domestic and professional needs was no exception. All models are ergonomic, comfortable, small, with minimal error, designed for operation in the most difficult conditions. It is clear that Bosch's price is a priori high, but worth it.

ZUBR

Domestic manufacturer of construction equipment and tools. All products are made in accordance with ISO 9001 standards, which does not give rise to doubts about their reliability and durability. The declared error of the meters is up to 0.1 °, which really corresponds to the real indicators. Mostly ZUBR is criticized for its small assortment, but the quality, and most importantly the price, definitely deserve all praise.

VIDEO: How to check the laser level

The "TOP" laser levels included models that distinguished themselves by good characteristics in the following parameters:

measurement range;
type of case;
accuracy;
type of food;
weight and dimensions.

In addition, the selection criteria should include consumer reviews, as well as technical indicators - the angle of self-alignment and the number of beams.

Kapro 985D 60L

Professional, electronic type spirit level equipped with a digital backlit screen and two Plumb Site polyacrylic capsules. The design provides for the presence of two milled surfaces, as well as built-in magnets. The tool is 120 cm long and accurately calibrated.

The building magnetic level is distinguished by the presence of additional options in the form of a charging indicator of the battery pack, an automated function of turning the dial and nine-fold memory. There is a special hole for mounting a tripod, and a convenient case for transportation and storage is included in the package.

Main characteristics:

length - 600 mm;
weight - 1.1 kg;
probable error - 0.1 mm / m;
price - 6500-8800 rubles.

Measurement takes place in percent, as well as degrees and the ratio of inches and feet. When an angle of 45 ° is formed, the device reproduces a sound signal, as in the horizontal or vertical state. As for the disadvantages of Kapro, there are instances with uneven paintwork.

Bison "Expert"

Multifunctional electronic magnetic building level with the function of determining the absolute zero, the determination accuracy of 0.1 degree. Made from durable material with increased wall thickness for long service life in harsh environments. 2 high-precision (1 mm / m) measuring ampoules are made of impact-resistant acrylic on precision equipment.

Bison "Expert"

A serious plus, according to builders, is the size of the rule fits into any pocket, the neat design of the case, strength - with repeated drops, the measurement accuracy is not disturbed and full automation, which is especially convenient at construction sites. The price of the rule is 2795 rubles.

ADA ProLevel 40

It is used to measure the angles of inclination of individual parts, vertical and horizontal planes. A large enough digital electronic display allows you to view the deviation from the horizontal / vertical at a distance of up to 3 meters. Information about the level comes simultaneously from the built-in inclination sensor (inclinometer) and the built-in bubble indicators, that is, a double control is obtained. In this case, you can work separately - mechanical (bubble) and digital.

Magnets are provided in the base so that it can be fixed on metal surfaces. The working temperature is from -20 ° С to + 40 ° С, which makes it possible to cope equally effectively both indoors and outdoors. The price of the device is 2490 rubles.

The laser rule is distinguished by its relatively small size, light weight and great functionality. It is used, as well as other varieties, when leveling various surfaces, both on construction sites and in closed rooms.

BOSCH GPL 5C

A professional measuring device will be a good helper for every craftsman when performing construction work. It stands out for its 30-meter operating range. In addition, the point unit is capable of building both vertical and horizontal straight lines, measuring angles and plumb lines.

The cost of a construction laser device is 7900-9000 rubles. Due to its small dimensions 146x57x119 mm, the device fits easily in the hands. As for the erroneous determination, there is a small probability of an error of 0.1-0.2 mm / m.

The design contains a dust and moisture resistant housing, a reliable device, a cross-type sight and 2 threaded elements for a tripod of ¼ and 5/8 inches. The device is very easy to use, since it can reproduce up to 5 beams. Another thing to note is the automatic shutdown function when the laser level is not used for 20 minutes. This makes it possible to save energy.

Geo-Fennel Ecoline EL 168

The construction level has an affordable cost, which is significantly lower than analogues. The price of the model is only 1200 rubles, while the quality is not inferior to it. Such a unit can be used not only in domestic conditions, but also on construction sites.

Geo-Fennel Ecoline EL 168

The radius of operation here reaches 20 m, and two ordinary batteries can provide energy for up to 24 hours. In addition, the model has compact dimensions, which makes it easy to operate.

There are even bubble building levels in the design, this allows you to use the device with discharged batteries. The disadvantage of the device is not the nominal measurement accuracy, but this is fully justified by the cost.

ADA instruments PROLiner 2V

A laser level is a plane builder used to define vertical and horizontal markings indoors and outdoors. The level projects a 140 ° horizontal laser line. To construct vertical markings, 2 vertical laser lines are used, respectively. The ADA instruments PROLiner 4V has 4 vertical laser lines.

ADA instruments PROLiner 2V

Using the plumb point and laser cross on the ceiling anywhere in the room, you can transfer the markings from the floor to the ceiling. This is convenient for erecting suspended ceilings and developing spot lighting. Shockproof housing, measurement error up to 0.01 °. The price of the laser device is 8990 rubles.

Before choosing a water building level, it is recommended to use the rating of the most demanded pocket, corner and traditional appliances.

Stanley 0-42-130

Compact liquid device that fits easily into your pocket. It has a monolithic plastic body as well as a V-shaped metal base with two capsules for horizontal and vertical dimensions. The water levels are securely fixed in the grooves for safe transport or belt carry.

Stanley 0-42-130

The body length is only 87 mm. In case of contamination of the capsules, their surface is easy to clean. Subject to the operating rules, the instrument will serve for a long time, guaranteeing high measurement accuracy. The cost of the building level is 690 rubles. The downsides of the model are the scrolling bubble controllers.

Kapro 340-08

An angular magnetic level allows you to calculate angular deviations. Two horizontal and one vertical sensors are mounted in the body. The model is made of plastic material, equipped with four magnets and has a folding system according to the principle of a book.

An elastic tape is used for fastening to non-metallic elements. The device weighs only 200 g, while the measurement error can be 0.5 mm / m. Capro 340-08 is sold at a price of 700-900 rubles.

The model is installed in 15 ° increments. The design does not lose its qualities with prolonged exposure to ultraviolet rays. In practice, the building level manifests itself in the best way, it is quite easy to carry, practical and reliable. There is only one drawback here - geometric accuracy is not always maintained when making a model.

Stabila 70 Mas 1411

This is a universal spirit level with a feature in the form of a measuring scale, which is applied to one of the planes. There are two sliders in the design, with their help the required parameter is transferred, for example, to the wall. The robust box-shaped casing is equipped with sealed plastic plugs on both sides.

Stabila 70 Mas 1411

The size of the model is 80 cm, the device weighs 400 g, while an error of 0.5 mm / m is allowed. The device is being sold at a price of 1,500 rubles.

VIDEO: How to set up beacons and form an angle of 90 degrees?

With the advent of computer and Internet technologies, all stages of obtaining information have become much easier and faster. In order to introduce this progressive tool in all industries, almost every modern organization requires its employees to know the PC in one way or another. When applying for a job, the applicant must indicate his level of computer use in the application form. If a person does not have such experience, then it is much more difficult for him to find a suitable vacancy.

In most cases, a person determines his level of PC use independently. Currently, there are no common standardized programs for this.

PC Usage Levels

There are several levels of using a personal computer.

The lowest level user is called the "teapot". A person with only general knowledge, as a rule, uses a computer only for communication on social networks, on dating sites. Such a user does not know the elementary meanings of the keyboard shortcuts and the purpose of the programs.

The second level includes an ordinary user. He, in turn, knows the necessary basics, knows how to work in Microsoft Office programs, knows how to connect a keyboard and mouse. But his knowledge is not enough to use auxiliary keyboard shortcuts, all operations and manipulations are carried out exclusively with the mouse.

The third level is a confident PC user. He knows the required minimum of the basic installed programs, the architecture of a personal computer, can explain what is inside the system unit and what it serves for. A confident user can independently reinstall the operating system and drivers, easily uses search engines.

An advanced user knows everything about the hardware and software of a computer. He is able to disassemble and assemble a PC from components himself. Easy to use function keys. It can independently correct some malfunctions in the computer.

The next level includes programmers, graduates of technical universities. A person of this level of knowledge will be able to assemble not only a computer, but also a whole server, he can also raise a network, he is quite well versed in writing programs in various languages.

The most advanced level of PC knowledge is possessed by a hacker. This word speaks for itself. The hacker knows absolutely everything. Can bypass multiple passwords and hack some servers.

Asking the question of how to choose a building level, any person realizes the consequences of a wrong decision.

A common type of bubble level is the rectangular version, which is inexpensive.

After all, any, even the smallest deviation from a flat surface can lead to the most disastrous consequences up to a complete alteration of the just finished repair. Therefore, the question of how to choose a building level should be treated with great care, because this tool is of several different types, properties, purpose and price of which can vary significantly.

Currently, the market has a fairly wide range of these construction tools. One of the most common measuring instruments of this type is the bubble level. It consists of a body and a flask filled with liquid, in which an air bubble floats. This level is very simple and at the same time quite accurate and reliable.

What are the types of levels

Bubble levels. The most common type of this level is its rectangular modification. Its length varies widely and can be up to 2.5 meters. The minimum size is 20 cm. However, occasionally you can find telescopic devices, the length of which reaches 4 meters. Their flasks are made of impact-resistant transparent material. Alcohol is used as a filler.

Some of these tools are equipped with magnets, making them very easy to use on steel surfaces. There are also a variety of levels that are used when working with pipes: such tools are usually small in size and have a semicircular notch that runs along the body. Thanks to her, the device is well adhered to the surface of the pipe. These tools are not expensive, but versatility is not their strong point, so it is better to choose a different type of level.

Water levels. This type of measuring instrument, otherwise known as a hydro level, is well suited for measuring deviations of large horizontal surfaces. It consists of two containers filled with liquid, which are connected to each other by a hose. The main feature of these levels is that their length ranges from 5 to 25 meters, which makes them indispensable when working with extended surfaces and at the same time absolutely useless for use in an apartment.

They are sensitive to heat and should be kept away from heat sources. You also need to ensure that air bubbles do not get into the tanks when filling the containers with water, as this significantly affects the readings of this measuring device.

Laser levels. Measuring instruments of this type are among the most accurate and at the same time the most expensive. Their main advantages are their small size and large radius of action, which can reach several tens of meters. They are also best suited for measuring large and extended surfaces, since the laser beam emitted by this instrument can be turned into a plane. They also perform well when laying directions. For ease of use, such measuring devices are equipped with tripods and magnetic suction cups.

Top-end instruments have more than one laser beam. They can overlap, making measurements easier and more precise.

This device can definitely be called the best among all levels. It is versatile, accurate, compact and practical. It has only one drawback: its high price.

Choosing a level in the store: what to look for

The type of measuring device largely depends on how large-scale tasks will be solved with the help of it. After all, it is one thing when a level is chosen for frequent use in large-scale construction work, and quite another - when it is needed only in order to level the floor in an apartment.

There is no need to fall under the influence of the products of well-known brands and choose the most famous brand, because the main thing in any thing is its quality, and this indicator is often in no way connected with a big name.

How to choose a bubble type building level

First of all, you need to decide on what tasks you need this measuring tool for. If you are going to level the walls with it, then you need to choose the level of the maximum length, but if the question is posed much more modestly and you just need to attach a bookshelf, then the tool, accordingly, should also be smaller.

The air bubble itself should be clearly visible, and the marks on the level flask should be black and there should be several of them. These marks should be very close to each other, forming something like a scale.

After this stage of verification, you can proceed to the next one and test the accuracy of the device. If the purchase is carried out in a specialized store, then for sure he has special stands that are specially designed to test such measuring devices.

For the test, the device should be placed horizontally and precisely remember the location of the air bubble on the scale of the flask, then turn the level 180 degrees. If everything is in order with the device, then the bubble will not change its position relative to the scale.

After that, you need to check its work in the vertical plane. For this, an appropriate stand is selected, to which the device is applied. Then everything happens as in the previous case: the location of the bubble is remembered, then a 180-degree rotation follows. If the bubble remains in its place in this case, it means that the level is made with high quality and you can safely buy it.

In the absence of such a stand in the store, upon arrival home, you need to invite a person who has a level or laser level and with the help of these tools check the correct operation of the purchased one. If something does not suit you, then there is always the opportunity to return the purchased device back to the store.

What to look for when buying a laser level?

If you have made a choice in favor of a laser measuring device, then when buying, first of all, you should pay attention to its technical characteristics, the main of which are the measurement error and range. The accuracy of the laser level must be at least 3 mm for every 10 meters, and the range must be at least 20 meters.

Often, this device comes with special glasses that allow you to better see the laser beam.

In addition, these devices are equipped with two types of lasers, which differ in the color of the beam emitted by them. The most common emitters that give red color, but if possible, it is better to choose an instrument with a green beam, since this color is more noticeable and contrasting to the human eye. However, levels with a green laser are somewhat more expensive than their "red" counterparts.

It is worth taking a close look at what is included in the package of the device.

It is often very diverse and includes both many useful items and those that you can do without.

If, along with the purchase of a laser level, you are going to purchase some kind of addition to it, then be sure to consult with the sellers or with friends who understand such things, so that it does not happen that the purchased accessory does not fit your type of device.

Buying a level is a very important step, on which the quality of the upcoming repair directly depends.

Asking the question of how to choose a building level, any person realizes the consequences of a wrong decision.

A common type of bubble level is the rectangular version, which is inexpensive.

What are the types of levels

The principle of operation of the water level.

The principle of the laser level.

Top-end instruments have more than one laser beam. They can overlap, making measurements easier and more precise.

This device can definitely be called the best among all levels. It is versatile, accurate, compact and practical. It has only one drawback: its high price.

Choosing a level in the store: what to look for

How to choose a bubble type building level

Bubble level diagram.

What to look for when buying a laser level?

Often, this device comes with special glasses that allow you to better see the laser beam.

It is worth taking a close look at what is included in the package of the device.

It is often very diverse and includes both many useful items and those that you can do without.

Buying a level is a very important step, on which the quality of the upcoming repair directly depends.

masterinstrumenta.ru

Rating of the best building levels according to user reviews

You need to reliably build a house or renovate an apartment, assemble furniture exactly or hang a picture, create a high-quality screed or glue wallpaper - you certainly cannot do without a building level. The building materials market is constantly changing, offering new models, abandoning time-tested devices, discarding non-competitive ones. Having studied the latest rating, you can find out the latest situation in the world of measuring instruments and take a closer look at the spirit level you like.

The building level of which company to choose

List of manufacturers whose products are especially in demand among builders:

1. Stabila is a German construction measuring equipment company founded in 1889. Thanks to the revolutionary discoveries of its engineers, it has many patents and is one of the leaders in its industry. Few installers do not know this manufacturer, and many of them use the high-grade levels offered;

2. Kapro is a modern Israeli company, which has managed to become a "top" in the measuring equipment market over its 30-year history. Ergonomic design, high quality and manufacturability of spirit levels were appreciated by both professional and novice builders in many countries;

3. Stanley is an American manufacturing giant with over 170 years of experience in the manufacture of various tools. Successful management, advanced technology and excellent quality are the keys to success. That is why the construction levels of the company are in demand for the construction of important facilities and for domestic purposes;

4. Sola is a well-known Austrian company for the production of measuring instruments, which sells its goods in more than 40 countries. Since 1994, the production has been in compliance with the ISO 9001 standard, so the owners of modern spirit levels do not doubt their quality.

Ranking of the best building levels

Experience in using tools from different manufacturers and the possibility of buying counterfeit products.
Purpose: control of ceilings and walls, screeds and masonry, suspended and suspended ceilings, door and window openings, as well as for the correct installation of household appliances, furniture, paintings.
Dimensions and weight of the level; measurement accuracy declared by the manufacturer; number, size and shock resistance of capsules.
Main design characteristics: box or I-section, plastic or aluminum material, static or adjustable ampoules.
The presence of technical conveniences in the form of magnets, clear markings, tinted liquid, backlight, ergonomic handle, ruler, shockproof plugs.
Comfort when hand-fitting, and in the process of use.
Verifiable build quality is mandatory.
Cost, warranty and service.

Symbols

Best little bubble levels

Pocket

Stanley 0-42-130 is a small measuring instrument with a simple design: molded plastic body, magnetic V-shaped metal base and 2 (horizontal and vertical) capsules securely fixed in the holes. During transportation, the instrument is placed in a pocket or fastened to a belt using a clip.

Advantages:

L / G / α = 0.09 m / 0.1 kg / ≈0.5 mm / m;
price: 0.4 ... 0.5 thousand rubles;
strong magnet; thanks to the hollow, tight attachment to the pipes; good overview for reading information; measurement accuracy sufficient for household needs;
compactness; convenience; mobility; practicality;
easily cleaned of dust and dirt; with careful use, it is used for a long time; worth it adequately.

Flaw:

sometimes bubble "gauges" scroll.

According to reviews: the level in question is indispensable for use in hard-to-reach places. When buying, be sure to pay attention to the fastening of the flasks.

Angular

Kapro 340-08 is a professional instrument for determining angular deviations using 2 horizontal and 1 vertical ampoules. It is made of plastic, equipped with 4 magnets, like a book cover, it folds in half or unfolds, forming a plane. An elastic band is used for fixing to non-metallic surfaces.

Advantages:

L / G / α = 0.08 m / 0.2 kg / ≈0.5 mm / m;
cost: 0.7 ... 0.9 thousand rubles;
Locks into place in 15 ° increments; not exposed to UV rays;
small dimensions; convenient to carry and operate; practical; dust is easily wiped off;
permissible error in measurements; the optimal combination of price, quality and efficiency.

Flaw:

during manufacture, geometric rigor is not always maintained. This factor must be taken into account when testing.

According to reviews: the device is good and useful, since it is often used not only for its intended purpose - working with round elements, but in a wider range.

Torpedo

Stanley 0-43-511 is a small size magnetic windpass consisting of a plastic body, an aluminum base and 3 capsules - 2 perpendicular to each other and the first at an angle of 45 °. The tool with concave extruded plates is securely attached to the pipes, thanks to the end caps and the impact-resistant center ampoule, does not fail if dropped.

Advantages:

L / G / α = 0.23 m / 0.13 kg / ≈0.5 mm / m;
price: 0.5 ... 0.7 thousand rubles;
when working with metal structures, there is no need for manual support; deviations in measurements within standard limits; good visual accessibility of all scales;
lasting; compact; comfortable in using;
ergonomic design; democratic cost.

Flaw:

in some instances, the build quality is "lame".

According to reviews: the operating parameters correspond to the purpose, size and price category of the device.

Best Medium Bubble Levels

L = 0.4 m

Sola MM40 is a trapezoidal die-cast aluminum appliance with 1 horizontal flask and 1 spirit level. Features include a neodymium magnet and shatterproof acrylic sleeves. In addition, the central luminous eye has a magnifying lens.

Advantages:

L / G / α = 0.4 m / 2.4 kg / ≈0.5 (1.0) mm / m;
price: ≈2.0 thousand rubles;
epoxy red coating; milled working blade;
resistance to various influences, including bending and torsion;
consistently high measurement accuracy.

Flaw:

when interacting with chemically aggressive substances, it "lets" paint color.

According to reviews: the tool in question is a necessary "thing" in the household: small, durable and accurate.

L = 0.8 m

Stabila 70MAS 1411 is a universal spirit level with a feature in the form of a measuring scale applied to 1 of the surfaces, and 2 sliders, with the help of which the required size is transferred, for example, to a wall. The device itself is an effective bubble instrument with a box-shaped body, closed at the ends with plastic plugs. Equipped with 2 eyes - horizontal and vertical.

Advantages:

L / G / α = 0.8 m / 0.4 kg / 0.5 mm / m;
cost: ≈1.5 thousand rubles;
2 marking plastic slides; 2nd centimeter scales opposite in direction;
simplicity and ease of use; the strength and durability of the rail; the accuracy of the work performed; electrostatic powder coating.

Flaw:

sometimes running gears jam.

According to reviews: a very convenient and practical device - if necessary, the engines can be easily removed.

L = 1.22 m

Stabila R-300 18374 is a new R-shaped model, which is an aluminum body with 3 capsules (2 vertical, 1 horizontal) and removable end caps that can prevent slipping and absorb shocks. The electrostatically painted spirit level has 5 internal chambers, 2 wide working surfaces, a longitudinal recess for gripping. The effectiveness of the removable caps is ensured by the side pads.

Advantages:

L / G / α = 1.22 m / 0.3 kg / ≈0.5 mm / m (0.029 °);
price: 6.2 ... 6.4 thousand rubles;
accurate readings when working overhead; comfortable grip; alcohol tinted in ampoules; high quality powder coating; rigidity and strength of the structure;
high marking accuracy; tightness of flasks; ergonomic contours.

Flaw:

According to reviews: users who have experienced a novelty in business do not regret the money spent. - The rake works properly when performing any tasks and in various conditions.

Best Long Bubble Levels

L = 1.5 m

Stabila 70 02290 is a classic aluminum model, assembled together from a smooth, powder-coated body, opposite plastic caps and 2 ampoules filled with alcohol - vertical and horizontal. The first is located at the end of the rectangular profile, the second is in the middle.

Advantages:

L / G / α = 1.5 m / 1.0 kg / 0.5 mm / m;
cost: 2.3 ... 2.4 thousand rubles;
ease of use; accuracy of measurements; strength; reliability;
not "afraid" of falls and exploitation in extreme conditions;
ascetic design; long service life.

Flaw:

paint will wear off over time.

According to reviews: spirit level is very popular with both professionals and amateurs in the construction business. There are no complaints about the instrument - only positive words.

L = 2.0 m

Stanley FATMAX XL 0-43-681 - aluminum box model with shock absorbing plugs, through handle and 3 ampoules. The body is milled on 2 surfaces and is larger in comparison with analogs, the opening for the grip is finished with double overlays, the flasks are recessed in acrylic blocks. The central horizontal ampoule is enlarged, the lateral vertical ampoules have improved visibility.

Advantages:

L / G / α = 2.0 m / 2.1 kg / 0.5 mm / m;
cost: 5.2 ... 6.7 thousand rubles;
reinforced profile; high accuracy and durability; long service life without repair; indelible markings;
spectacular appearance; affordable real price.

Flaw:

it is difficult to completely remove dirt from the handle pads.

According to reviews: the instrument is the heaviest in its class, and this property is highly appreciated by experts. Working with him, they feel comfortable and enjoy.

L = 2.5 m

Capro Plumbsite Hercules 986-44-250 is a professional device milled on 2 sides, in an aluminum case of which there are 4 capsules (2 horizontal, 2 vertical), shock-absorbing end caps and an ergonomic handle in the form of a rubberized hole along the edges. Epoxy-glue-backed shockproof bulbs are made of polyacrylic and filled with bright Nite-glo oil. Readings are easy to read in an awkward working position and poor lighting.

Advantages:

L / G / α = 2.5 m / 2.7 kg / ≈0.029 °; cost: 6.1 ... 7.5 thousand rubles; unique Plumbsite system; box-shaped effective profile; reinforced weighty construction; minimum error in readings; resistance to sunlight, as well as torsion and bending; ease of use;

Longevity; affordability.

Flaw:

the horizontal end peephole is not always accessible for viewing.

According to reviews: the rail is of good quality, has an optimal weight, does not fail when dropped.

Best electronic building levels

High precision

Kapro 985D 60 L is a professional electronic spirit level with an illuminated display and 2 Plumb Site polyacrylic capsules. Effective thanks to 2 milled surfaces, built-in magnets, optimal length and calibration. It has additional practical options: comfortable grip, low battery indicator, auto-flip dial and 9x memory. Provided: for a tripod - 1/4-inch hole, for storage and transportation - a compact case.

Advantages:

L / G / α = 0.6 m / 1.1 kg / 0.1 mm / m;
price: 6.5 ... 8.8 thousand rubles;
measurement in percent, degrees and ratio "inches / feet"; sound signal at an angle of 45 °, as well as absolute horizontal and vertical position;
function "false 0"; box-shaped profile; laser ray; side view;
high measurement accuracy; convenience and comfort in work; resistance to ultraviolet radiation and shock;
long service life; relatively low cost.

Flaw:

paint is not always evenly applied.

According to reviews: this level is a real assistant who performs work of any complexity. Among the amenities, buyers especially noted the presence of a cover.

What building level to buy

The choice of tool depends on many of the above factors and may have the following options:

For control work on walls, ceilings, floors, including screed and plaster, you can use: Plumbsite Hercules 986-44-250 from Capro and FATMAX XL 0-43-681 from Stanley;
For checking the geometry of brickwork and ceilings (tension and suspended), the following will work: Stabila 70 02290;
For an even installation of furniture, windows and doors, the best option: R-300 18374 from Stabila;
For driving in dowels with a certain pitch, the following is suitable: 70MAS 1411 from Stabila;
For work with metal structures, it has proven itself well: MM40 from Sola;
Effective for pipe alignment: Kapro 340-08;
Good for local household tasks: Stanley 0-42-130 and Stanley 0-43-511.

When buying a device, be sure to test it - put it in the store on a control surface, read the indicators on the flask, turn it 180 ° and set it strictly in its original place - the bubble should not change its location.

If you notice an error, select a piece of text and press Ctrl + Enter

vyboroved.ru

How to choose a building level? And which one is better?

The final result of the work of a number of specialists in industrial areas depends on the accuracy of measuring instruments: a builder, a bricklayer, a carpenter, etc. The construction level of various modifications is a simple but obligatory tool for any serious team or individual craftsman, which allows to identify the accuracy of the location of horizontal and vertical surfaces. The history of the appearance of the first spirit level dates back to the second half of the 17th century, and the vertical plumb line is a well-known primitive prototype of later inventions.

Common classification for building levels:

Bubble (spirit level) - with flasks installed in a rigid case, filled with liquid, and the presence of a floating air bubble in each flask;
Laser level - with fast and clear marking of the laser beam point of the working surfaces;
Water level (hydro level) - the principle of operation is based on Pascal's hydrostatic law and checks the conformity of the planes of the horizontal surfaces.

Despite all the obvious innovative advantages of the same laser level, skilled craftsmen never refuse to use a quality bubble level - this versatile, time-tested tool.

The main characteristics of the building level

Measurement accuracy (from 0.3 mm / m, the longer the building level is and the heavier it is, the higher the accuracy of its readings);
Impact resistance. As a rule, the levels have a hollow body, but with walls of sufficient thickness;
Wide resistance to the slightest bending and torsion;
Measuring flasks with high transparency and resistance to discoloration, haze, cracking and leakage when exposed to low and high temperatures, as well as ultraviolet rays.

Device

A rigid monolithic, most often rectangular case with a milled bottom edge is made of light and durable materials (aluminum, polystyrene, plastic, wood) with an anti-corrosion coating. In the case, depending on the required accuracy, a certain number of transparent sealed glass flasks (level eyes) with an air bubble floating in a colored alcohol-containing liquid are securely fixed:

one flask - only for the horizontal rail (180 degrees);
two - for horizontal (180 degrees) and vertical guides (90 degrees);
three - for more complex work, with an additional third camera that controls the measurement of the angle of inclination (rigidly fixed at 45 degrees, or rotary - for measuring any angle of the controlled surface).

In order to minimize errors in angular vision, boundary lines are drawn on the surface of the measuring flasks - risks. Eyes for checking the position of the vertical plane surfaces and the angle of inclination have built-in mirrored reflectors for simultaneous control of the position of the bubbles.

Plastic plugs at the ends of the level protect the structure in case of accidental drops.

Some level manufacturers also provide additional conveniences: for example, a built-in magnifying lens for more comfortable control of the bubble for the eye, magnetic systems or fluorescent liquid of the flask for the possibility of continuing work even in the dark.

The principle of operation of the bubble building level is simple: the measurement and adjustment of surfaces relative to the horizontal and vertical planes occurs due to the movement of the bubble inside a certain level eye. Correct adjustment will result in the bubble being exactly in the middle between the measuring risks of the flask.

Building level. Which is better?

Having made a decision to purchase a building level, it will not be superfluous to get acquainted with some recommendations for its choice:

Flask - must be securely attached to the body. When buying, it is worth abandoning the level in which the bulb is screwed on, because of which it may loosen over time. You should choose flasks made of polyacrylic, which is stronger than glass and more transparent than plastic.
The length of the level - it is necessary to take into account the type of work to be done, since the larger the working area, the longer the level should be chosen;
Defects - the building level is a measuring device, therefore, when buying a tool, you must make sure that there are no factory defects, as well as errors in the readings.

Body material - the instrument can be made of plastic, metal or wood. The most reliable and durable is, of course, the metal level, inside which the stiffeners are located
Marking - the best option is to place the control strips inside the bubble itself. The divisions applied to the surface of the flasks should be clear and located close to each other.

The spread in the cost of building levels is quite diverse. At the same time, it is not worth asking about the choice of more economic models, especially if it is necessary to use the tool repeatedly. If a thorough repair is to be carried out, then experts strongly recommend purchasing a professional tool. For it, a characteristic difference is the presence of a shock-resistant case with special rubber pads, which during operation are able to soften the shocks from falls, etc.

In operation, it proved itself better than others, the building level of the famous German brand "Stabila" has recommended. For such a tool, on average, you will have to pay from 700 to 1800 rubles. This measuring device is famous for such advantages as:

high-quality and stable reading of indications (high degree of measurement accuracy);
good ergonomic characteristics;
precision in the geometry of the aluminum profile body.

In addition, magnetic building levels are also produced under this brand, which make it possible to work with electricity, and are equipped with special slots for marking for switches and sockets.

In addition to Stabila, another good option could be the building level of the Akula company. The good thing about the levels of this brand is that they are not afraid of falls and bumps. Also good models are produced by the firms "Ermak", "Bosch" or "Kapro". For example, the company "Kapro" constantly updates its models and often introduces the latest innovative solutions, releasing tools for household and professional type. Models of the German company "Bosch" are distinguished by their high quality. A similar tool with the Bosch models is also produced by the Russian company Condtrol, which is more affordable in terms of cost.

In the middle category of such instruments, it is worth highlighting the levels produced by the firms "Matrix", "Brigadier" and "Stayer", which are distinguished by special measurement accuracy and an optimal cost-to-quality ratio.

However, when buying a building grade, a well-known brand should not be a decisive aspect. The main thing is to decide on the type of future work and the frequency of using the tool.

180 degree method

You can check the accuracy of the level in the simplest way, called the 180 degree method:

It is necessary tightly, without gaps, to put the building level on a flat horizontal surface and remember the position of the bubble relative to the marks.
In the horizontal plane, turn the level 180 degrees and place it clearly on the same area.
In a qualitative and accurate level, the position of the bubble should remain the same.

The vertical accuracy of the readings can be checked in the same way.

Round bubble level

This type of building levels is designed to control only horizontal surfaces and is somewhat different from the usual levels in the design of the body with the same principle of operation. The round level is a sealed hemispherical capsule made of impact-resistant glass with a fixed flask, inside which the position of the bubble is determined by the bounding round line.

The scope of the circular bubble level is not only construction work and control of the degree of shrinkage of already rebuilt buildings. Levels of this kind are widely used in photography and video shooting to strictly adjust the position of the equipment tripod horizontally. It is very common to use circular levels and when installing commercial or check weighers, as well as for constant monitoring of the stable horizontal position of stationary machines, industrial tools and even jewelry surfaces - for example, polishing wheels.

A circular bubble level often has the ability to locally attach to a controlled surface and is very low cost with high measurement accuracy. A knowledgeable person will appreciate this simple and necessary tool.

The ubiquitous use of levels

Whatever work you have to do (check the vertical and horizontal alignment of the walls, floor and ceiling surfaces; install a washing machine without distortions, hang a bookshelf or a picture) - the simplicity and ease of use of the bubble building level will help you do it quickly and with the highest quality. Even in the presence of a laser level or a plane builder that is more complex in execution and principle of operation, the building level that is unchanged in the arsenal of any master will not remain idle.

proinstrumentinfo.ru

The building level is a tool that reveals the slope of surfaces. Suitable for indoor and outdoor use.

How do they work

The algorithm of work of any of them comes down to the choice of the installation point and the place of level measurement. The rest of the possibilities depend on the specific type of instrument and can be combined.

The building level helps:

Determine the verticality or horizontalness of a given surface - in order to establish a further scope of work and its necessity.
Find out in which direction the tilt occurred, in some models its exact size is also available.
Set clear guidelines when marking surfaces - before installing frames or furniture.
Calculate the volume of materials - for this, the arithmetic average of the levels of different points on the same surface is applied.
Determine a single level in different rooms - often required when installing ceilings or windows.

In low-rise construction or apartment renovation, manual variations of the tool are often used. These are devices without complex electronics and do not require special skills. Professionals use several types at the same time.

Types and functions of building levels

Hydro levels

The functioning of this type of instrument is based on the laws of physics about communicating vessels. Structurally, hydrolevels are two flasks connected by a transparent tube.

Peculiarities:

This is an accurate view of the levels, but it is important that the hose is not kinked and that you have good vision.
Suitable for checking slopes in different rooms at the same time.
As a rule, they require pair work.

To bring the device into working condition, it is enough to fill it with water so that the upper meniscus of the liquid reaches the middle of both flasks, and no air bubbles remain in the tube.

Bubble building levels

Regardless of the size and design features, the principle of the device is the same. At least two flasks are built into the level body, where small air bubbles "float" in the liquid. Focusing on them, they check if there is a slope of the planes.

Peculiarities:

The liquid in most cases will be technical alcohol. Allows measurements with an accuracy of 1 mm / m - this is the industry standard.
Hard acrylic air bubbles offer greater precision. Accuracy 0.5 mm / m.

Some models of bubble levels are equipped with flasks on a rotating base. This allows you to work with inclined planes. Profile shapes are in the form of a box, a trapezoid and with one measuring plane, cast Shark (shark). Part of the tool is equipped with end elements that prevent breakage in case of falls.

Laser building levels

The convenience of this equipment lies in its non-contact use and in a large area of coverage with markings.

Peculiarities:

The device pendulum is leveled after unlocking. It is advisable to set the plane of the base horizontally.
Manufacturers offer an additional mounting tripod, but its dimensions are not enough for marking at a height. In this case, a bar is used, which is fixed between the floor and another horizontal surface. The platform on which the tool is installed moves along it.
In bright light, the laser beam is not visible to the naked eye. To resolve the issue, glasses with glasses in the red color range are used.

Some of the laser levels produce static vertical and horizontal lines in a limited sector. The alternative, using a running point in a circle, allows you to make markings simultaneously from all sides.

Magnetic building levels

Magnetic levels are visually indistinguishable from bubble levels. The difference is noticeable only at the bottom ends. This option is equipped with magnets for easy handling of metal surfaces.

Peculiarities:

Strip magnets are more commonly used in polymer levels, in combination with a V-notch for ease of handling on pipelines.
Ceramic magnets or ferrites have been the industry standard in levels up until recent years.
Rare Earth - Most aluminum models now come with this type of magnet. They are up to 10 times stronger than ceramic.

This type of level is more often used for work related to the installation of frames for drywall, as it is conveniently mounted on ceiling and rack profiles, leaving your hands free.

Optical building levels

An optical level or level is used in industrial facilities or in the construction of houses. The kit includes a special tripod, without which the use of the tool is unproductive. Installation comes down to mounting, focusing and centering.

Peculiarities:

Centering is needed for point-to-point measurements. It is carried out using a plumb bob attached to the bottom of the tripod.
Focusing - the telescope is aimed at the staff, the clarity is adjusted with the help of the adjusting screw. The eyepiece defines the reticle.

After setting, the survey of heights is performed. The captured data are summed up, their arithmetic mean is calculated. It will be the base mark from the instrument horizon.

Advantages

Each type has its own set of advantages:

Hydro levels ... They support measurements in different rooms when the initial level is hidden by partitions or heavy structures. This functionality is not provided in other models.
Bubble ... Easy to install and use, light weight and dimensions. Can be used to measure the level and simultaneously check the plane of the wall or floor.
Magnetic ... Do not require additional fixation when working with metal. Enjoy the full benefits of bubble models.
Laser ... Supports simultaneous vertical and horizontal measurements. Longer coverage than any handheld model. Automation of routine processes.
Optical ... Applicability in open spaces, in the construction of roads and large facilities. Functionality, time and labor savings. When measuring at a distance, the accuracy is not degraded.

Problems

Disadvantages and inconveniences also depend on the type of instrument:

Hydro. M is understandable and difficult to operate. The routine processes of filling, draining, unwinding and expelling bubbles are time-consuming. Not suitable for vertical surfaces.
Bubble ... Often it gets lost, adjustment is often unavailable. Not suitable for working over long distances and areas. In adjacent rooms, the correct level cannot be determined.
Magnetic ... The same disadvantages as the bubble. Magnets often protrude out of the plane of the rib - when measuring, fresh paint or putty can be damaged. Some models are less stable than bubble ones. Frequent breakdown of magnets is also a disadvantage.
Laser ... Requires a flat surface. The pendulum often breaks down during transportation. The beam diameter increases with distance, which affects accuracy. Measurements of planes can only be carried out using additional accessories.
Optic ... Adjustment is time consuming and requires skill. For domestic purposes, functionality is redundant - neither time costs nor costs are justified.

How to choose a building level

For most types of levels, accuracy will be the defining indicator, so it is important to check its correctness.

Bubble and magnetic

The same design also implies uniform methods for assessing the correctness of readings.

To check a horizontal flask, you need:

Place the tool on a flat surface.
Make two marks: at the end of the level and along - near the horizontal ampoule.
Remember the position of the air bubble.
Turn the spirit level by 180 ° and set in the same place in accordance with the previously made marks.
Check the position of the air bubble. Any differences in its position before and after flipping the level indicate an inaccuracy of the instrument.
Repeat the test, even if the readings are the same.

To check the vertical flask, set the level on a door frame or flat wall, further steps - by analogy with horizontal measurements.

Hydro

In this type of measuring instruments, there are no structural parts responsible for the accuracy of measurements, but there are nuances that should be considered when choosing:

The length of the hose - you should not choose it in reserve, because the expulsion of air bubbles and the straightening of the tubes can turn this advantage into a problem.
Pay attention to the tightness of the protective caps. Water should not be poured out - this will interfere with work.
It is worth checking the integrity of the tube and the joints with the flasks.

An additional parameter is the flexibility of the hose, but it is difficult to assess it without experience with this type of level.

Laser

The choice of a laser level implies a comparison of a number of indicators:

Measurement error - should not exceed 3 mm by 10 meters.
Self-leveling - test multiple models. The preferred option is the pendulum of which aligns faster than in analogues.
Range - marked as a radius or diameter. To avoid confusion, specify what type of distance is indicated. The laser is also responsible for the same parameter. A 532nM green beam will do most measurements.

Additionally, the integrity of the tool and the absence of mechanical damage are checked.

Optic

You need to choose a level taking into account the challenges and features of future use. They are divided into three classes: precision, basic and technical.

Peculiarities:

An air damper is suitable for outdoor conditions, and operation in vibration mode requires the use of a magnetic version.
To perform tasks in a confined space, the determining parameter should be the smallest sighting distance. For large objects, models with the maximum telescope magnification range are preferred.
Leveling of the I or II class on construction sites is usually not required, but it should be borne in mind that only high-precision instruments can perform it.
It is easier to prepare a tool with a compensator for work due to self-alignment of the sighting axis.

Which is better

The answers to these questions will help you choose the best type of tool for your current task.

What basic functions should the level perform?

The functionality of the bubble level will cover all the problems of household tiling, but it is impossible for them to correctly measure the level of ceilings in different rooms.
Laser - saves hours of work marking the walls for frames and wallpaper, but is not suitable for determining the correctness of the level of the planes.
Optical - will support accurate calculations for laying routes, leveling surfaces, but it will not work to hang the shelves inside the kitchen cabinet with it.
Hydro - will help to carry out a uniform marking of ceilings, but for the installation of wall frames, it is useless.

Where will it be used? Indoors, outdoors, or both?

Most electronic models are not designed for outdoor use or in aggressive environments (rain, snow).
Please note that in addition to the laser level, you will need a detector for outdoor use, as the rays will not be visible in daylight.

What is the required measurement accuracy?

Industrial lasers and levels have mechanical or digital counters, there is support for recording the angle of inclination with a step of 0.01%. For less accurate measurements, basic models of hand tools are selected.

Are you looking for additional features?

Professional-grade tools, accessories necessary for comfortable work. But the functionality of household and industrial models may not differ significantly.

How to use the building level

Features of use depend on the type of tool. There are no uniform operating methods.

How to use the hydro level

Carefully unfold the tubes and fill the instrument with clean running water through one of the flasks, while holding the other above. Try to fill non-stop to avoid unnecessary air gaps.
Check that the filling is correct - the tubes must be uniformly convex. Slightly clicks the remaining air bubbles to the flasks until they come out completely. If done correctly, the risks will rise to the same height when measured. This can be checked by placing the flasks close to each other.
Secure the caps.
Further, it is supposed to work together. One person holds the flask, and the second goes with a hose to a place or room, the level of which must be compared with the current one.
When both are in place, the caps are removed from the flasks. It is important to do everything at the same time and at approximately the same height - otherwise there will be overflows.
One person holds the flask against a predetermined mark, making sure to match the center of the water meniscus.
The partner gently raises or lowers the flask, thereby adjusting the level of water filling.
When everything is aligned, a level mark is made by the second participant.

Precautions: avoid kinking and mechanical damage to the hose.

How to use bubble and magnetic level

Place the tool on the surface of the object to be checked for horizontal alignment.
If the air bubble is to the right of the line, the object is tilted down to the left.
If the bubble is to the left of the line, the object is tilted down to the right.

The vertical level is found by analogy.

Maintenance and care consists in the timely cleaning of the tool, especially after measurements on wet plaster surfaces.

Precautions are taken to protect the instrument from impacts and falls.

How to use the laser level

Place the instrument on a tripod or flat surface.
If the model is manually adjusted, check that the bubbles indicate a level. Otherwise, find the screws on the side and adjust them to the required correctness. Self-leveling - After installation, allow the tool to self-level, usually 30 seconds.
Turn on the device. The device will emit a beam that is reflected on the surfaces. Depending on the type of laser level, it can be a point, a line, or multiple horizontal or vertical intersections.

If the device has not been used for a long time or has been dropped, calibration will be required. Installation on a rail or tripod is done using a clamp or clamps from the kit.

Precautionary measures:

do not look at the beam itself, do not direct it at children or animals;
do not use the tool in the rain;
do not carry with an unlocked pendulum - many models warn about this with a sound signal or blinking of the laser.

How to use the optical level

Check the stability of the tripod before use. Tighten the mount with the tool. Make sure the leveling screws are not too tight on the base plate.

Alignment:

While grasping the adjusting screws between your thumb and forefinger, turn them in opposite directions at the same time. While doing this, observe the movement in the graduated flask.
The air bubble should be centered on the circular level window.
Point centering is performed with a plumb line mounted on the tripod screw. Then the level is shifted over the head.
Centering is complete when the plumb line is above the target point.

Focusing:

Aim the telescope at a piece of paper or other light object.
Twist the eyepiece until the desired sharpness appears - the sight should be clear.
With the tube pointing at the supplied rail, adjust the focus using the knob.
If the alignment is correct, the leveling rod scale and the crosshair of the target do not move one after the other.
After focusing, hold the level on a specific target.

Use the focus knob to add sharpness.

Precautions are the same as for laser models, but extra careful handling of the lens is required.

Guarantee

The standard warranty excludes mechanical damage.

Bubble, magnetic and hydro - refer to hand tools. They rarely have a warranty over 12 months. Most manufacturers do not specify detailed conditions for these types of tools.

Laser - depending on the manufacturer and the category of the tool (household or professional), a warranty of 1 to 3 years is provided.

Optical - standard warranty period from one year. But the narrowness of the niche forces manufacturers to go for tricks. Some give a tool warranty for up to 25 years.

The warranty period can be counted from the date of purchase or shipment. In the second case, it is appropriate to clarify whether the instrument spent a lot of time in the warehouse.

Malfunctions and repairs

The weak links are different parts - their set depends on the type of tool.

Bubble and magnetic

The main problem is associated with the loss of correctness of measurements.

A flask with a bubble is knocked down - the readings will no longer be accurate, the error can reach several cm per meter. In budget models, flask adjustment is not provided - the tool is unusable with this malfunction. In other cases, tightening the screws or fixing clamps will return the level to the correct reading. During setup, a calibration is performed in the same way as when selecting a tool.
Profile bent - this happens when you hit and fall. The tool cannot be repaired, it will no longer give accurate readings.
Crack in the protective glass of the flask - in models of a collapsible type, the part is changed to an analogue. In this case, one-piece cast levels cannot be repaired.

Minor problems: breakage of protective pads and handles, falling off of magnets are corrected by replacing an obsolete part with a new one.

Hydro levels

Hydro-level faults are of three types:

Hose burst or cracked ... It occurs as a result of mechanical damage or freezing of a tool filled with water. As a temporary measure, you can seal it with a layer of nail polish and wrap it with electrical tape. Complete repair and replacement of the hose is often unprofitable - the costs are comparable to the purchase of a new hydraulic level.
Cracked flasks - temporary measures are similar to those presented in the previous paragraph, but instead of electrical tape, there must be transparent material in order to see the risks. Replacement may not be necessary in mild cases. In serious cases, it is imperative to change, since the defect will affect the accuracy of the instrument.
Broken or lost protective caps - the simplest case. They can be replaced with plastic soda lids.

Laser

The correction is often impossible to carry out on your own due to the need for a special tool.

Pendulum shift - the instrument does not work correctly, with deviations in horizontal and vertical measurements. This happens after the device has been dropped or moved with an unlocked pendulum. Reconstruction will require an offset correction. Such damage is not covered by the warranty.
The beam is off - the malfunction is caused by a break in the wiring or incorrect operation of the batteries. In the first case, you will need to remove the cover of the device and replace the flexible wiring going to the pendulum. In the second case, it is more often enough to open and clean the contacts or change the batteries. Both options lend themselves to self-repair.
Instability of readings - as a rule, it will be necessary to change the suspension bearing. The case is rare, but guaranteed in the absence of mechanical damage.
Buttons do not work - there are several breakdown options, of which only clogging of the contacts lends itself to self-repair. The keyboard may not work as a result of frequent use in dusty environments. Clogged contacts will need to be mechanically cleaned. The procedure is feasible in a domestic environment.

In difficult cases, a keyboard replacement will be required. When the coating is membrane, it will not be possible to repair the device without special skills.

Optical

Optical level problems are solved systemically or by replacing parts. Repair with an improvised tool is often inapplicable.

Compensator sticking - to solve the problem, the standard calibration procedure is performed several times. In case of gross errors, service of the tool will be required.
Lens or mirror cracked ... The purchase of a similar part is required. The optical lens can be replaced by yourself.
The regulation is out of order - it will be necessary to adjust the device. The screw fasteners are loosened, the plate with the mesh is aligned. To do this, the horizontal thread is placed perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the tool, and the vertical one is set along a plumb line.

Problems in the operation of electronics, serious mechanical damage, repair of the platform or hauling of torsion bars will require the intervention of specialists.

Manufacturers

Manufacturers are represented in different price categories. The correlation between prices and quality is often insignificant.

ADA - manufacturer of diagnostic and measuring equipment. The company is multinational. Digital and shockproof level types, professional tool. No warranty claims are specified. Website: rus.adainstruments.com.

Bosch is a German manufacturer of machinery. Rotary, line and point lasers, digital levels. The instrument is presented in professional (blue) and consumer (green) formats. Standard warranty. Valid for 12 months from the date of purchase. Additionally, a long-term promotion is underway, within the framework of which warranty cases with mechanical confirmation of the instrument are recognized. Website: www.bosch-professional.com.

Fit - a low-cost manufacturer of power tools. Torpedo and laser levels are available in the minimum configuration. The tool is certified, a network of service centers. Warranty terms are not announced. Website: www.fit-instrument.ru.

Kapro is an international manufacturer from Israel specializing in measuring instruments. Digital, magnetic, aluminum levels with an ergonomic design, comply with Russian standards, and are certified. The warranty period is 12 months. Website: kapro.com.

KRAFTOOL - manufacturer of professional hand tools. Models available with magnet, digital, folding and box. No warranty or certification declared. Website: kraftool-instrument.ru.

Stabila - manufacturer from Germany. The company specializes in measuring instruments. The assortment includes 120 construction, including telescopic and special models. No warranty is provided. Website: www.stabila.com.

Stanley - manual and power tools, including measuring ones. Average price category. Certification is provided. Simple and magnetic models are available. No warranty specified. Website: www.stanleyrussia.com.

Zubr - a budget manufacturer of household and professional tools, but measuring devices are presented in the middle price category. Basic and heavy-duty models. No warranty claimed. Website: zubr-instrument.ru.