How to lay tiles: a bituminous product. Soft tile roofing rules - roofing material installation technology Laying soft tiles instruction

Recently, the roof shingles gained great popularity among developers. This roofing has an attractive appearance that is not inferior in beauty to traditional tiles, a long service life and high moisture resistance. Thanks to the self-adhesive layer on the back of the shingle, installation soft roof do-it-yourself can be performed even in the absence of professional experience. In this article we will tell you how to properly prepare the base, assemble the crate and lay flexible tiles.

Flexible tiles are called tiles with a figured edge, made of fiberglass impregnated with modified petroleum bitumen. Laid with an overlap, such a roof imitates a rare, but aesthetic shingle covering made of wooden chocks. Fiberglass, which is part of bituminous tiles, can be plain or reinforced with polyester. The technology for the production of this material includes sprinkling the front side with armoring dressing made of stone or basalt chips, which gives color and a rough texture to the roof. Virtues shingles consider:

Durability. The service life of a soft roof based on polyester-reinforced fiberglass is more than 70 years, which fully pays for the cost of installing a roof.
Weather resistance. Soft tiles withstand the effects of atmospheric moisture, ultraviolet rays and other adverse environmental factors, while maintaining performance.
Aesthetics. A variety of shapes and colors of the material opens up great opportunities for creating a harmonious, integral image of the house.
Flexibility. flexible, elastic tiles shingles suitable for roofing complex shape With large quantity slopes, valleys and other decorative elements.

Important! The technology of laying bituminous tiles is distinguished by its simplicity, therefore it can be easily performed even by a non-professional. Do-it-yourself soft roofing is an excellent solution for the roof of a private house, country cottage, gazebo or townhouse.

Features of working with the material

Before you cover the roof with a soft roof, you need to make sure that a reliable foundation has been prepared for work. Also, the technology of installing a soft roof involves the performance of work subject to certain weather conditions. If you do not follow the manufacturer's recommendations, you may encounter the following problems:

If you lay bituminous tiles at a temperature environment less than 5-10 degrees, then the self-adhesive layer on the back of the tiles does not melt on its own. To melt the bitumen, you have to use a gas burner or a building hair dryer. However, this makes it difficult and slows down the laying of tiles.
If you lay shingles at temperatures above 25 degrees, the self-adhesive bituminous layer melts too much and flows down the slope. Besides, heat leads to deformation of the roof.
If you install the roof in wet weather or during rain, the rafter frame and lathing acquire excess moisture, which negatively affects the life of the tile, leading to decay.

Important! The material installation technology recommended by the manufacturers prescribes installation at a temperature of 5-15 degrees in dry weather. Most often, such conditions develop only in the summer. However, in winter period you can assemble the truss frame for the roof and prepare the base for the roofing deck.

Lathing installation

Before you make a soft roof, you need to assemble a high-quality, durable crate. The technology of laying bituminous tiles involves the use of a solid base, which gives rigidity and mechanical strength to the soft roofing. The crate must provide uniform distribution the weight of the roof between the rafters, so it is created from 3 layers:

Control grid. The counter-lattice for soft tiles is made of wooden bars 3-4 cm thick. It is attached along rafter legs frame over waterproofing material. The task of the counter-lattice is to create a ventilation gap between the rafters and the roofing.
Sparse crate. This base element for soft tiles is made of edged board size 20x150 mm. The boards are nailed perpendicular to the counter-lattice at a distance of 30-50 cm.
Solid crate. It is made of moisture-resistant plywood, OSB sheets or edged boards, laid solid with a gap of 1-3 mm, which compensates for the thermal expansion of the material. To prevent damage to soft tiles, it is necessary to sand or trim the elements of the crate so that they are smooth.

Please note that for the manufacture of lathing for a soft roof, it is correct to use dried up to 20 percent softwood. To prevent premature decay of wooden elements, they are treated with antiseptic preparations. If the structure has a high risk of fire, then the crate is impregnated with fire blocking compounds.

Lining carpet

Do-it-yourself soft roofing is laid on a solid crate made of chipboard or moisture-resistant plywood. Placed over the base lining carpet– lining made of moisture-resistant, resistant to mechanical damage bituminous material. The lining carpet protects the roof from leaks, as well as from damage to the shingles by uneven lathing. Coating installation technology recommends:

With a roof slope of less than 15-18 degrees, lay a lining carpet on the entire surface of the slopes with an overlap of 15-20 cm, since water can linger on it during the melting of large snow masses.
At an angle of inclination of the slopes of more than 20 degrees, the lining carpet can only be laid in places that are particularly vulnerable to leaks, where water can accumulate or stagnate. Additional waterproofing protects the valleys, the joints of the slopes with vertical surfaces, the ridge.
Do not use ordinary roofing material as a lining. Low price does not compensate for the poor quality, fragility and short service life of this material.

Experienced craftsmen advise using the material recommended by the manufacturer as a lining carpet, as it is guaranteed to be compatible with the selected shingles.

Laying

Do-it-yourself installation of a soft roof is carried out in dry, calm weather at a temperature of 5-15 degrees. If the material is laid on an old truss frame, then it is necessary to check the condition of the wood, and then replace the rotten or deformed elements. Installation is carried out in the following order:

First, the slope is marked with horizontal stripes, marking the location of the rows of soft roofing with white chalk.
It is correct to start laying the material from the bottom of the slope, using the starting strip. Fix the roofing with nails or a self-adhesive layer. If the tiles are self-adhesive, then to stick them, it is enough to remove the protective film, and then attach it tightly to the roof base.
If nails are used to fix the coating, then they must be placed no closer than 2.5 cm from the edge, and also driven flush with the surface of the material.
The second row begins to be laid on the left side of the slope with the help of tiles, from which 143 mm are cut off from the left edge, thus shifting the bituminous tile pattern diagonally.
To start the third row from the tile, a fragment 286 mm long is cut off from the left edge in order to also shift the coating pattern in a diagonal direction.
After completion, a ridge is formed using a ridge element, junctions with vertical surfaces and valleys.

Note! In order for a roof made of soft tiles to function properly, it is necessary to equip a ventilation system to avoid the "greenhouse effect" and decay roof frame designs.

Video instruction

Soft roofing materials are an excellent alternative to traditional slate and sheet metal. Roofs covered with flexible tiles are distinguished by their stylish appearance and high reliability. But you can only get both if you follow the installation technology. Of course, the easiest way is to hire a team of professional roofers, but you can forget about the budget of construction in this case - in best case work will cost the same amount as building materials. And at the same time, it’s not difficult to save money - it’s enough to do the laying of a soft roof with your own hands. Masters with many years of experience will tell you how to do it right today.

What is a soft roof

Composite, soft or bituminous tiles, shingle roofing, shinglas, roofing tiles - all these are names for the same building material- flexible tiles. Representing flat sheets of small size (most often 100x34 cm), the shingles have figured cutouts that divide them into several petals. Laying by shifting one row relative to another gives the very effect that makes the roof look like a tiled one.

Due to the fact that soft tiles are available in many forms and color solutions, it is easy to choose the most suitable design option

Today on sale you can find a soft roof covering with petals of any shape - rhombic, triangular, hexagonal, oval, rectangular, in the form of a wave, etc. In addition, there are a considerable number of colors. And yet, despite such diversity, they all have the same multi-layered structure and composition.

The optimal size modern technology and application quality materials give flexible tiles many advantages compared to other roofing materials:

ease of installation;
light weight;
high sound absorption;
resistance to high and low temperatures, as well as their sudden changes;
the ability to cover the roof of the most complex design;
resistance to ultraviolet and infrared radiation;
dielectric ability;
resistance to corrosion and bacteria;
wide range of colors;
durability - depending on the manufacturer, the service life of bituminous tiles is from 20 to 50 years;
efficiency - the amount of waste usually does not exceed 5%;
maximum water resistance and minimum water absorption - no more than 2%.

In fairness, it should be noted that flexible tiles require additional costs for the arrangement of a solid base, and are also not suitable for roofing work in hard frost. But compared to the long list of advantages, these disadvantages can be neglected.

Roofing cake for shingles

Roofing cake is called a multi-layer structure, which serves as the basis for laying soft tiles. It includes some elements of the truss system, crate, thermal insulation, lining and moisture-proof material - it all depends on how the attic is equipped. There is a roofing cake for warm and cold roofs. The destiny of the first is to create a base for bituminous tiles on outbuildings, summer cottages, garages, sheds, etc. If it is necessary to build a roof for a house intended for year-round use, then it should be made warm.

Insulated shingle roof

main element roofing cake for warm roofs is a heater. In many ways, this determines the need for several layers that are needed for its normal functioning.

The soft roof of residential buildings is built according to the "warm" type, so the roofing cake has a large number of functional layers

The key to long-term and reliable operation of the roof is the ventilation duct, which is necessary for ventilation of the under-roof space. Although, depending on the region, the structure may contain one or more layers of thermal insulation, the standard base of a warm roof is built according to the following scheme:

Soft tiles.
Lining carpet.
Solid base made of plywood, OSB or solid boards.
Upper trim.
A counter-lattice that creates a ventilation gap.
Moisture protection.
Sheet or roll thermal insulation.
Bottom trim.
Vapor barrier membrane.
Rafter.

Most often, the construction of a roofing pie is carried out from above. At the same time, thermal insulation is laid on a rough crate and a vapor barrier. If the work on thermal insulation of the roof is carried out from the side of the attic, then a polypropylene cord is used to support the insulation - it will not let it sag while the vapor barrier and the lower crate are being installed.

When constructing a roof in the northern regions, the section of the rafter legs may not be enough to install thermal insulation of the required thickness. You can get out of the situation with the help of an additional beam, which is mounted perpendicular to the rafters. In this case, the installation step of the sparse counter-lattice is selected taking into account the width of the insulation boards - they must fit into the cells with little effort.

Cold shingle roof

Since during the construction of a cold roof there is no need for insulation and related materials, the design of such a roof is noticeably simplified, and, accordingly, its installation is facilitated. In general, the roofing cake should contain the following layers:

The opinion that shingles are in themselves an excellent waterproofing material does not give the right to refuse to use underlayment carpet even if it is a cold roof for an undemanding canopy. On slopes less than 18 degrees, such savings often result in moisture penetrating under the soft surface. The result of a careless attitude to technology can be unattractive stains on shingles and affected by fungus and mold wooden elements designs. And if the first “only” reduces the aesthetics of the roof, then the second significantly reduces its service life.

You can refuse to use a lining carpet only on roof slopes with a steepness of more than 18 degrees, and even then only partially. It is imperative that areas such as the ridge, valleys, overhangs, exit points of ventilation or chimney pipes, as well as utility lines, must be additionally protected from moisture.

Video: features of a roofing cake for shingles

What you need when installing a soft roof: tools and materials

As noted above, one of the advantages of a soft roof is ease of installation. Indeed, subject to the technology, it is quite possible for a person with minimal skills in construction to build even a two-layer warm roof with his own hands. At the same time, there will be practically no costs for tools and equipment - everything that is needed is always at hand with a real home master. If you are going to lay bituminous tiles, you should prepare:

hand saw or electric jigsaw with a canvas for woodworking;
knife for cutting shingles;
spatula and trowel;
a hammer;
nail puller or powerful pincers;
measuring devices - tape measure, cord, plumb line and level;
chalk and pencil.

If you plan to work in winter time, then additionally we need blowtorch (gas-burner) in order to warm up the mastic. The minimum temperature at which soft roofing can be laid is minus 15 °C. In any case, it is best to do construction work at an outside temperature of 15–20 °C. This will prevent damage to materials and ensure reliable connection adhesive layer with lining carpet.

Installation of flexible tiles can be performed with negative temperature, however, you will need equipment in order to heat the substrate and bituminous mastic

To provide the necessary rigidity to the base, a solid type crate is used in the construction of a soft roof. Otherwise, the bituminous coating, along with the roofing cake, will sag and quickly become unusable. It should not be thought that plywood or OSB boards it will be possible to fasten directly to the rafters and thereby save on the lathing slats. Of course, such a method is quite acceptable for the simplest structures such as a barn or gazebo, however, when building a residential building without additional costs not enough for lumber. And this is not so much due to the requirements mechanical strength(the same boardwalk easily solves this problem), how much with the need to equip the ventilation gap with the help of a counter beam.

In addition to solid flooring and sparse lathing, the base design must also include a counter beam that provides ventilation for the roofing pie.

So, under the shingles it is necessary to install two layers of sheathing. The first tier is laid wooden beam or a board, and a flooring made of plywood, boards, OSB, or a combination of these materials is used as a solid base.

If double continuous crate is constructed from boards, then the first layer is mounted in a row, and the elements of the boardwalk are attached close to each other at an angle of 45 ° to the ridge. In this case, the boards of the lower tier must have a thickness of more than 25 mm and a width of 50 mm. When determining the step of their laying, the cross section of the lumber is taken into account. It is usually possible to eliminate the possibility of deflection of the boards of the upper row at intervals of 200–300 mm. Sheathing the crate starts from the ridge, leaving a gap of at least 3 mm between the boards to eliminate the effects of temperature deformations. Sheathing lumber must have a cross section of at least 20 mm and a width of more than 100 mm.

A single-layer crate can only be used when arranging roofs for undemanding structures

Installation of a double combined crate is less time consuming, so it is used most often. In this design, boards or bars are used for the lower layer, and sheet lumber is used for the upper one. The wooden base of the cold and warm roof is performed differently. In the first case, thermal insulation and a diffusion membrane are not installed, therefore, to assemble the frame, only a sparse crate is needed, on top of which sheets of plywood or OSB are fixed. If insulation is required, then an additional layer of lathing is used in the form of a beam, which is stuffed along the rafters. Thanks to him, a gap is formed between the waterproofing film and the large-panel flooring.

Calculation of flexible tiles and other materials of the roofing pie

To determine the required amount of roofing tiles, insulation and waterproofing, the same principle is used as for any other covering material. In the general case, it is necessary to calculate the quadrature of all roof slopes and make allowances for trimming, waste, various allowances, etc.

Before determining the consumption of roofing materials, you will need to find the total area of \u200b\u200ball roof slopes

The easiest way to calculate materials for gable roofs - you just need to find twice the area of \u200b\u200ba rectangle with sides in the form of the length and width of the slope. In the simplest hip roof the slopes form two trapezoids and a pair of triangles, so it will also not be difficult to calculate the total quadrature of the surface. After that, the calculation of the materials of the roofing carpet is carried out taking into account the following amendments:

bituminous tiles - from 3 to 4 percent for trimming and shifting shingles;
waterproofing and underlayment - at least 5% in order to overlap adjacent canvases;
rolled fibrous insulation - according to the total area of the roof;
rigid slab insulation and wood flooring- taking into account the maximum laying of whole panels, but not less than 3% for trimming and joining.

When starting to calculate materials for combined roofs, it would be useful to sketch a diagram with a detailed indication of the location of the valleys, external corners and the dimensions of each structural element. A more complex structure will require additional costs for materials for the roofing pie:

OSB, plywood and rigid board insulation - a margin of about 10%;
overexpenditure of waterproofing and lining carpet - up to 5%;
soft roll and slab heaters - up to 2%;
flexible tiles - at least 10%.

Having calculated how many covering materials will be needed, one should not forget about the materials for arranging valleys and skates. When determining the molding of the valley carpet, it is necessary to make an amendment of no more than 1%. As for the coating for the ridge, here they take into account not only the tops separate parts roof, but also every outer bend with an angle of more than 120 degrees.

Which roofing nails are suitable and how many will be needed

For the installation of soft roofing tiles, special nails with wide heads are used. Thanks to them, the fixation area increases, which means that the risk of shingle damage during installation and during operation is reduced. Manufacturers produce two types of fasteners - with notches on the rod and with a smooth rod. In the process of laying, you can use both. Experience shows that the teeth on the nails for shingles are nothing more than a marketing ploy, because when you try to pull the edge of the petal, the material itself is more likely to break through. Pulling even the smoothest nail out of wood will be disproportionately difficult.

Nails for soft tiles differ from ordinary ones with a cap of increased diameter

Tile nails have the following dimensions:

length from 25 to 30 mm (nails for automatic pistols are longer - up to 40 mm);
rod thickness - 3 mm;
cap with a diameter of 8 to 10 mm.

The number of nails that will be needed for the installation of soft tiles is determined only after the number of roof tiles has been calculated. One tile sheet is fastened with at least four nails, which should be hammered in at a distance of 145 mm from the bottom edge and 25 mm on each side.

Affects the consumption of fasteners and the slope of roof slopes. So, on gentle surfaces with an angle of inclination up to 45 °, four nails per shingle will be enough. If the slope has a steepness of more than 45 °, then two more nails are used for reinforcement. Depending on the type of flexible shingles, they are hammered into the corners of each strip or onto the fastening line applied by the manufacturer of the roofing material. When installing the valley and lining carpet, nails are hammered along the perimeter of the strips, observing a step of 20–25 cm. Additional elements are fixed in a checkerboard pattern, placing fasteners at a distance of 15–20 cm.

When installing shingles, it is necessary to hammer in nails correctly, otherwise the coating will not last long

1 kg contains up to 400 roofing nails, which allows you to roughly estimate their consumption. So, for the arrangement of 100 sq. m soft roof will need from 8 to 10 kg of fasteners.

What is the best way to cut flexible tiles

During the installation process, shingles of bituminous tiles have to be cut both at the edges and at the junctions, in valleys and on outside corners. Very often, novice roofers use a paint knife or metal shears for cutting. Well, in the absence of an alternative, even large cutting scissors can be used. And yet, none of these tools will give such a smooth cut line and such convenience as a special roofing knife for shingles. The presence of a hook blade allows you to cut on the weight and cut the material in place, applying a minimum of effort and getting an extremely even and neat cut. By the way, an ordinary construction knife can be turned into a roofing knife in no time. All that is needed for this is to replace the trapezoidal blade with a hook blade. You can buy the latter in building markets - most often such canvases are sold in sets of 3-5 pieces.

With the help of a hook blade, an ordinary construction knife can be transformed into a specialized tool for cutting shingles

Installation of lathing and other elements of the roofing pie

The construction of a roofing pie can be started immediately after the rafter system is ready. Preparation of the base of the soft roof consists of several stages.

Installation of vapor barrier. A layer of diffusion film is needed in order to prevent the ingress of humid air into the insulation and remove excess moisture to the outside. When constructing a cold type roof, there is no need for a vapor barrier. If a warm roof is being installed, then without a diffusion membrane, the thermal insulation can get wet and quickly become unusable. The film should be installed from the side of the attic along the rafters - this will also protect the supporting wooden frame from moisture. The vapor barrier is spread out in horizontal sheets and fastened in the direction from the eaves to the ridge. For reliable fixation, horizontal bars are used, which are nailed to the rafters in increments of 60 cm. Subsequently, these strips can be used for mounting interior trim.
To fix the vapor barrier, it is convenient to use the slats of the counter-lattice or planks, to which the attic trim will subsequently be attached
Thermal insulation laying. Plates or panels of insulation are placed in the space between the rafters. For this reason, even at the stage of their installation, care must be taken that the step of the rafter legs is equal to the width of the heat-insulating material. The plates are laid directly on the film, if possible, apart. If their thickness exceeds the cross section of the rafters, then along the latter a timber is stuffed, which will compensate for the difference in size. Thermal insulation is covered with a windproof membrane, which is fixed with a counter beam with a section of 50x50 mm. Such a trick will just allow you to kill two birds with one stone - to fix the film and provide a gap between the insulation and the upper layers of the roof.
When installing a rafter system, the step between the lags is often selected according to the size of the insulation
Lathing fastening. Reiki or boards of a sparse crate are nailed at right angles to the counter beam. The step of their installation is determined by the thickness of the flooring, so when determining this parameter, you should use the table below.
Arrangement of a solid base. Best for flooring board materials, which have maximum moisture resistance - OSB panels or FSF plywood. It is desirable to fasten them to the crate with the help of self-tapping screws, orienting the plates apart.

Table: dependence of the thickness of a solid flooring on the step of a sparse crate

Step of lathing or rafters, mm	Plywood sheets, mm	OSB, mm	Board, mm
300	9	9	-
600	12	12	20
900	18	18	25
1200	21	21	30
1500	27	27	35

From my experience I can say that optimum thickness slabs is 10 mm. Such a flooring will not sag even under a powerful snow load and will ensure the calculated durability of a soft roof. When choosing plywood, you should give preference to coniferous varieties of wood. As practice has shown, such a flooring is practically not amenable to deformation during temperature changes and high humidity. For additional processing surfaces and edges of sheets I use a water-repellent composition. As for the OSB, the technology of their manufacture allows you not to bother with any impregnations - such material can easily withstand even small leaks. That, however, does not remove the need to timely identify and eliminate defective areas.

When laying the plates, a deformation gap of 2 to 5 mm should be left. Otherwise, a solid base can “lead”, due to which the roof will lose its external attractiveness or even leak. The flooring should not reach the ridge itself - for normal ventilation of the under-roof space, a gap of at least 70 mm is required.

Video: how to make a crate for soft roofing tiles

Instructions for laying shingles

The arrangement of soft roofing occurs in several stages:

formation of the lining layer;
markup;
fastening of additional elements of the roof;
installation of flexible tiles;
sealing passages and junctions.

Work is best done in the summer. The bitumen and mastic will be warmed up by the sun's rays, thanks to which it will be possible to obtain a durable monolithic connection of the roofing tile with the substrate.

Underlay installation

As a lining for a soft roof, rolled bituminous materials are used, which are mounted both along and across the slope. To ensure the tightness of the joints, the lining is spread with an overlap of at least 10 cm along the line of the panels and 15 cm - in the places of transverse junctions.

When installing the underlay, take into account the geometry of the roof to ensure maximum tightness

On roofs with steep slopes, only the most leak-prone areas need waterproofing - valleys, ends and overhangs of cornices, junctions with vertical sections, a ridge, etc. It is only important that the joints of adjacent surfaces are protected by a lining carpet on both sides, and its width was:

at the junctions of adjacent slopes - more than 50 cm;
on skates - at least 25 cm on each side;
at the edge of the slope and along the line of the eaves - 40–50 cm.

The lining carpet is fastened with nails or building staples, which are placed at a distance of 20-25 cm from each other. In valleys, the fastening step is reduced to 1–15 cm, and bituminous mastic is used for more reliable fixation.

Fastening of additional elements

Additional elements of a soft roof allow you to protect the crate and other details from precipitation wooden frame roofs. Eaves strips (droppers) are installed on eaves overhangs over waterproofing and fixed in a checkerboard pattern using all the same nails for soft roofing. The frequency of the nail fight should be no more than 10 cm. At the docking points, the metal strips are laid one over the other by 3–5 cm. In the same way, the gable strips are also fixed at the ends of the slope. The only difference is that it is important to follow the direction of installation - from the eaves to the ridge.

The edges of the soft roof are protected with eaves and gable strips

Before installing flexible roof tiles, horizontal markings must be applied to each slope. It will be much easier to comply with it correct location each row. You can draw a straight line with a strong twine, which is first rubbed with chalk. Having fixed the cord on both sides of the slope, it is pulled and sharply released. Hitting the substrate or wooden base, the twine will leave an even trail.

When laying the starting shingles, it is important to make the necessary indentation from the edge eaves overhang

Cornice tiles are made in the form of straight shingles, not divided into separate petals. Usually starter strips are sold at a higher price than ordinary tiles. For this reason, some craftsmen simply cut off the petals from them and fasten them with this side out. For fixing, standard wide-head nails are used, which are placed with a 25 mm indent from the edge of the tile. Each next strip of cornice tiles is fastened end-to-end with the obligatory coating of the junction points with bituminous mastic. The distance of the shingle from the edge of the eaves should be 10–20 mm.

First of all, the roofing material is mounted at the junction of adjacent slopes (if any are provided for by the roof structure). For these purposes, manufacturers produce a special valley carpet. When spreading, it is brought to both contacting surfaces, glued and additionally fixed with nails.

The valley carpet is brought on both sides of the slopes, glued with bituminous mastic and then fixed with nails

Starting the installation of ordinary tiles, shingles from all packages should be mixed. Thus, it will be possible to avoid a situation with an uneven color shade of the roof or the appearance of pronounced stripes of a certain tone.

Laying ordinary tiles start from the middle of the eaves, placing the tiles in vertical rows to the edges of the slope. The first row is mounted at a distance of 20-30 mm from the edge of the cornice tiles. In order to get the same "tiled" pattern, the top row is shifted relative to the bottom. In this case, the upstream petals should overlap the cuts and attachment points of the lower strips.

The shingles themselves are fixed like this:

Ridge arrangement

The ventilation scheme of the under-roof space can only work if the passage of air at the roof ridge is provided. For this purpose, special plastic aerators are used, which are attached to the elements of the truss system with nails or self-tapping screws.

High-quality ventilation of the under-roof space can be provided using special aerators

Ridge tiles are obtained from eaves, cutting the latter along the perforation. Individual tiles are laid across the ridge, secured on each side with two nails. In this case, each subsequent sheet is applied to the previous one by at least 5 cm, and a layer is applied to the junction bituminous mastic.

From above, the aerator must be closed with ridge tiles, otherwise the plastic elements will suffer from weathering and solar radiation

Protection of passages and junctions

If various engineering communications pass through the roof - antenna racks, ventilation pipes, etc. - special passage units are installed in these places. Their fastening to a solid base is carried out even before the laying of a soft roof, in order to run shingles from above during the installation process. After that, soft tiles are glued to the penetration with bituminous mastic, after cutting the shingles in place.

At the junction of the slopes to the walls, chimneys and brick ventilation ducts upper layer roofing cake lead to a vertical surface. To avoid damage to the roofing at the bend, a plinth (triangular) rail is attached at the junction of the wall and roof. The lining and edges of the tile sheets are smeared with bituminous mastic and carefully glued to the mating surfaces. All that remains is to protect the edge of the shingles from moisture flowing down the wall. To do this, a valley carpet is mounted on top of the roofing, on which an abutment bar is nailed in the upper part.

The most common mistakes when installing a flexible roof

Violations in the technology of installation of shingles lead to leakage and reduce the reliability and durability of soft roofing. The most common installation errors include:

Laying shingles on roofs whose slopes do not fit within the allowable limits.
Installation of a soft roof without a lining carpet or the use of partial moisture insulation on sloping slopes.
Insufficient length of nails for shingles in case of boarding.
Fastening of soft roof tiles with building brackets.
Insufficient ventilation of the roofing pie or lack of diffusion vapor barrier.
Installation of solid base plates without expansion gaps.
Insufficient thickness of the base plates.
Lack of batten support under plywood or OSB joint lines.
Arrangement of junctions and nodes of passage through the roof in violation of the requirements of tightness.
Fasteners too close to the edge of the shingles.
Installation in violation of the temperature regime.

Unfortunately, the list of mistakes made by novice roofers can be very long. Meanwhile, all the nuances of installation are provided by the manufacturer and are provided in the technological map, which can be found on the official website or in the instructions for the soft roof.

Video: errors when stuffing shingles and how to fix them

Being one of the most technologically advanced and durable roofing materials, flexible tiles do not tolerate careless attitude and haste during work. It is possible to hope for a long service life of a tiled roof without leaks and damage only if all the requirements of the technology are met. During operation, it will be necessary to monitor the condition of the ventilation openings, repair damage in a timely manner, periodically clean the roof of moss and treat it with antiseptic solutions. Not such a difficult task, right?

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A reliable, inexpensive and easy-to-install roof is one of the most cherished wishes of the developer. Simplicity, the possibility of arranging with your own hands without the help of third parties - laying soft tiles differs in all parameters. Affordable Technology, the democratic cost of the material, the lack of the need to use special skills and tools facilitate the calculation. And we will tell you how to install soft tiles with your own hands.

A preliminary calculation of the material, additional elements, fasteners is the key to a high-quality arrangement of the roofing carpet. Approximate costs are:

The number of shingles in a box can be different: from 1.5 to 3 m2. It all depends on the size of the elements (including overlap). All parameters are indicated on the box, the material should be bought with a margin of 5-7%.
Mastic in quantity: 200 g/m2 for valley carpet, 100 g/m2 for ends, 750 g/m2 for junctions, nodes.
Nails 30 mm long, galvanized with 3 mm shank and 9 mm head, 80 g/m2.

All calculations are averaged standard. You will also need tools:

Knife for trimming bituminous shingles, substrates;
Scissors for metal (or others) for trimming planks;
Hammer for fasteners;
Brush for bituminous mastic.

Advice! If the laying of flexible tiles with your own hands is done in the cold season, a burner will come in handy for heating the bituminous layer. Despite the possibility of carrying out work up to -5 ..-7 degrees, it is better to equip the roofing carpet in warm, dry, not the hottest and calm weather. In the cold, the flexibility of shingles decreases, the risk of cracking increases, in extreme heat, bituminous materials heat up excessively and melt.

Roofing cake for shingles

With the arrangement of a roofing pie for soft tiles, a large stage of work begins. Depending on the purpose, the attic can be warm or cold. The purpose of the under-roof space affects the arrangement of the roofing pie, however, the part above the rafters is always the same:

a layer of waterproofing material;
bars with a thickness of 30 mm;
crate in the form of a continuous flooring.

Important! Additional elements: junction slats, cornice overhangs, pediment slats are made of special steel.

Laying out waterproofing

Membrane materials can be one-, two-, three-layer.

Single layer waterproofing- an affordable and cheap option that performs the task of preventing humidity from entering the room and not preventing fumes from escaping to the outside.
Two-, three-layer materials- more durable and practical. They have an absorbent layer that absorbs condensate, as well as a layer of reinforcing material, which gives greater tensile strength.

Advice! Three-layer waterproofing membranes are shown in the case of mineral wool insulation. The material is afraid of getting wet and with an increase in humidity, even by 10%, it loses 56-60% of its quality characteristics. In the case of arranging a cold attic, it is better to use a two-layer membrane sheet: the price is slightly more expensive than a single-layer one, but the strength is much higher.

Advice! If the slope angle is more than 18 °, waterproofing membranes should be placed parallel to the end and cornice planes. The junction points have an increased risk of leaks, therefore the layout is carried out with an overlap. The same is true for the skate area. If necessary, the ridge area is covered with another lining carpet. Work is carried out from the bottom up, fastening is carried out with nails with an increased cap size. Mounting step 20 cm.

Ventilation

Roof ventilation made of soft tiles is usually arranged by means of a ridge. It is laid out on a ribbed profile. In case of insufficiency of this method, ventilation elements are laid on the roof surface. This is the name of profiles with ribs located at a distance of 20 mm from each other. Structures are attached to the base with nails.

Sheathing and flooring

Immediately after laying the waterproofing, the lathing strips are stuffed on top. Thick timber elements create the necessary ventilation gap. The crate is made from a bar of coniferous wood. The thickness of the elements is at least 30 mm; before installation, the wood is treated with impregnations against decay and fire.

Important! The length of the boards for the crate is a distance equal to two spans of rafters. Fastening is carried out above the rafter legs.

Do-it-yourself installation of flexible tiles is carried out on a solid flooring. It is made from OSB3, sheets of moisture-resistant plywood, tongue-and-groove or edged boards 25 mm thick, with a moisture content of not more than 20%.

Important! The layout of solid elements is carried out with gaps - compensators for thermal expansion of the material. For plywood or OSB, the gap width is 3 mm, for boards 1-5 mm. Sheet dies are fastened in the way of running up the seams so that the joints are not continuous. Mounting on self-tapping screws or ruffed nails.

Arrangement of flooring next to chimneys with a width of more than 0.5 m often requires the construction of a mini-roof. After installing the flooring, it is necessary to check the evenness of the coating plane, dimensional parameters - the slope must be perfectly aligned.

Laying shingles

When purchasing a product, you should carefully review the instructions from the manufacturer. It necessarily indicates how to lay flexible tiles. Often enough to follow step by step instructions to get the roofing job done right, but knowing the steps beforehand helps to allocate time.

Advice! Installation of bituminous tiles requires caution: no kinks, no creases. Unnecessarily, you should not walk on the coating.

Now the installation technology:

Strengthen the overhang. A drip bar is mounted to protect the structure of the rafters and battens from moisture. Place one edge of the dripper on the deck, close the overhang with the second. Fastening with galvanized nails. Pitch 200-250 mm, checkerboard pattern, layout with an overlap of 30 mm. The gaps are smeared with bituminous mastic, sealant.
Attach hooks for drain pipes.
Lay waterproofing carpet. The adhesive underside facilitates the installation process. Start from the valley section. From the point of inflection, an overlap of at least 0.5 m is left on both sides. It is better to do without joints, but if necessary, leave an overlap of 150 mm. Laying from bottom to top, the junction is pre-treated with bitumen-based mastic. Along the cornice overhang, the free residue of waterproofing material is 0.6 m.

Advice! Before laying, the waterproofing carpet is rolled out, cut, then the protective film is removed and only then glued onto the substrate. Additional fixation along the edges with stainless steel nails will help to secure the sheet of material more firmly. The points of joints and overlaps are additionally sealed with bituminous mastic, crimped.

Carpet lining. The product also has the form of a roll with an adhesive base protected by a paper layer. The layout option depends on the profile of the selected tile shingles, the shape of the roof, the angle of the slope. In the case of choosing Jazz, Trio coverage, an underlayment is a must. If the roof slope is 12-18 °, the lining is mounted around the entire perimeter of the roof. Installation should be carried out from below, overlaps of at least 150-200 mm, lubrication of the joints is required. The top edge is additionally fastened with galvanized nails. If the slope angle is from 18 °, the lining is needed at the kinks, at the points where the gable line adjoins the wall panels.
Gable plank needed for arranging side cuts. The extension element already has desired shape, is mounted on the underlayment or waterproofing deck and fastened with nails in 150 mm increments.

Advice! When starting to lay out shingles of tiles, it is better to first mark the slope. Mesh markings will help to place the roofing material, taking into account centering, joints. It is easier and smoother to make markings with a regular paint cord.

First strip of shingles as a rule, ridge-cornice or ordinary ordinary with cut petals. The sheet is laid out on the edge of the slope so that one edge of the shingle goes to the gable bar. The lower edge of the shingle should lie on the drip with a 150 mm indent from the fold of the additional element. Fastening at the corners with a gap from the edge of 20-30 mm.

Advice! Often sheets in packs have some differences in color background. So that the laid shingles do not differ much, you should open several packs in advance and lay out the elements alternately.

How to lay ordinary soft tiles? The first shingle does not reach the edge of the starting strip 10 mm, the sheet is fixed with nails (except for the adhesive base). The number of fasteners with a slope of 12-45 ° steepness per sheet is 4 pieces, and at the junction points of two sheets, the nails are stuffed so that the hat “covers” the edges of both shingles. If the slope angle is greater than 45°, fasteners are driven into each sheet.

After the do-it-yourself installation of tiles along the slopes is completed, it remains to arrange the valley and gables. Flexible roofing has a lot of advantages, one of them is the quick arrangement of the most difficult areas. The roof in the valley area is arranged as follows:

Designate an area where nails cannot be driven in (300 mm from the middle point of the valley), mark the boundaries of the additional gutter - this is about 5-15 cm in both directions.
Now hammer the fasteners of ordinary tiles as close as possible to the line, beyond which fasteners are no longer allowed.
Cut the shingle along the gutter installation line.
To prevent water from leaking under the edge of the material, the corners of the material are cut (4-5 cm each), the loose edge is attached to bituminous mastic.

It is not difficult to lay roofing material along the gables: the side shingles are cut off with the calculation of the distance to the ribs of 10 mm. Cut the upper corner, as well as the valley elements: obliquely 4-5 cm. “Sit” the edges of the tiles on the bituminous mastic and fix with nails.

The installation of bituminous tiles on the ridge has its own characteristics: a gap is cut along the ridge element, not reaching the ribs of 300 mm. Installation of shingles is carried out before the start of the slot, after which it is mounted additional element(ridge profile). A long skate may require several profiles, this is normal. Fastening with nails, laying out end-to-end, mating points are smeared with bitumen.

Important! On the ridge, underwind installation is carried out; flexible tiles are laid out towards the wind, with an overlap of at least 30-50 mm.

Installing a soft roof is easy, especially if you follow technological subtleties process, perform an accurate preliminary calculation. Work is carried out on a dry sunny day without wind and intense heat. If clarification is required, watch a video from professionals: do-it-yourself flexible tile laying.

The service life of a house largely depends on the strength and reliability of the roof, and this is achieved by using high-quality roofing materials. One of these materials is shingles, and today I will tell you how to install shingles with your own hands, in accordance with the technology and introduce you to some of the nuances of this process.

Preparatory stage: calculation of materials

The calculation of flexible tiles is based on the surface area of the roof, plus a margin of 10%, since in the process of work, material waste ranges from 3 to 7%.
Mastic is purchased based on the use of:
- valleys - 200g / m;
- ends - 100g / m;
- junction points - 750g / m.
Galvanized roofing nails - 80 grams per 1 sq. m. (9 mm cap, length 3 cm, 3 mm rod diameter).

For the device of a roof from a bituminous tile you will also need:

Steam and waterproofing membranes;
thermal insulation material mineral wool, extruded polystyrene foam or other type of insulation);
Double-sided tape;
material for arranging a base for bituminous tiles (chipboard, OSB-3, FSF, board);
wooden bars for the counter-lattice.
lining carpet.

Material consumption is calculated based on the roof area, plus a 10% margin.

Important! truss system must be durable, since the weight of the soft roof cake is quite large.

Having prepared everything you need, you can proceed to the stage of laying the foundation and actually installing the roof from shingles.

Foundation preparation

The technology of installation of flexible bituminous tiles provides for several stages, the implementation of which is carried out in a certain sequence.

Important! Before starting work, all wooden structural elements must be treated with an antiseptic to prevent damage, fungus or mold, and insects.

After the base for flexible tiles is ready, you can proceed to laying the lining carpet under the shingles.

The nuances of working with lining carpet

At this step, it is important to take into account the angle of inclination of the roof - the installation technique and required amount underlayment carpet:

With a slope of the roof slopes of 12–18 degrees, the lining carpet is mounted in a continuous sheet.
With a roof slope of more than 18 degrees, only the overhangs of cornices, valleys, and slope junctions can be sheathed with lining material, but it is still recommended to make a solid carpet over the entire roof.

First, the valleys are covered, then the strips of material are laid in two ways:

horizontally, starting from the bottom and rising to the roof ridge - blocking the lower strip, the upper one prevents moisture from leaking;
vertically - the carpet is rolled from top to bottom. Fastening is done with nails on the ridge, then the material is stretched and fastened in the overhang area.

The overlap of the hydro-barrier strips should be 15 cm to the sides and 10 cm in length. The joints are additionally smeared with bituminous mastic (if there is no special adhesive layer on the roll), and also fixed with nails in increments of 25 cm.

Important! Applying mastic should be done in a thin layer, not more than 1 mm. If it is necessary to dilute the bituminous mastic, one should not overdo it with the solvent - neglecting this requirement threatens that the bituminous coating may swell.

Installation of cornice strips

Laying of eaves and end strips is carried out to prevent deformation of the material under the influence of temperature changes and protection wooden structures from adverse environmental factors.

Metal cornice strips are installed with an overlap of 5 cm, and fastened with nails or screws in a checkerboard pattern in increments of 10–15 cm. The joints are fixed with two screws or nails.

From the side of the ends, the fastening of the strips is carried out in a similar way.

Due to the small size of the shingle, the rows of shingles may not be laid evenly during installation. To exclude this possibility, preliminary marking is carried out on the surface of the roof.

along the edges of the roof from top to bottom, with the help of a level, two vertical lines are drawn with chalk or a marker;
then, perpendicular to them, longitudinal straight lines are drawn in increments of 25 cm.

Arrangement of the valley

When the underlayment is ready and end strips installed, the valleys are covered with a special valley carpet, which is selected in accordance with the color of the tiles. The carpet is fixed using bituminous mastic, which is distributed along the perimeter of the canvas. The width of the mastic layer is 10-15 cm. Additionally, the valley carpet is fixed with roofing nails in increments of 15 cm. This process is described in detail in the video below:

Finishing the valley should start from the slope, which has the most gentle angle, or from the slope with a shorter length. On the carpet, parallel to the axis of the valley, it is necessary to draw or beat off two lines:

the first at a distance of 5-7 cm - this will be the so-called gutter line, along which the shingles will be cut;
The second at a distance of 30 cm from the axis - the last nail will be hammered along this line, that is, it is impossible to mechanically fasten the tile closer than 30 cm to the axis of the valley.

The tile shingles that reach the first line are cut off, and their upper edges are cut at an angle of 45 degrees. Mastic is applied to the tiles and the valley, after which they are pressed against each other. The second line is fastened with nails.

For roof pitches less than 45 degrees, one shingle is nailed with five nails. With a slope angle of more than 45 degrees, fastening is carried out with at least 8 nails.

Technology of laying cornice and ordinary tiles

According to the technology of laying flexible tiles, start assembly process it is necessary from the bottom of the slope (with an indent from it 2-3 cm). The first row can be laid in two ways:

using special cornice tiles;
in the absence of such, petals are cut from ordinary shingles, and the resulting strips are used as cornice elements.

The strip is fastened with nails (the indent from the edge must be at least 25 mm, as in the photo above), or, if the installation is carried out in cold weather, the shingles are heated building hair dryer and glued to the cornice strip.

Arrangement of junctions to pipes

There are several ways to adjoin a soft roof to a brick pipe. The first is to install a metal apron that matches the material and color of the shingles. On sale there are special kits that include everything you need for installation.

The second is to use pieces of the valley carpet, from which the bottom, side and top element s adjoining to the pipe.

Previously, a plinth or a triangular bar is laid in the base of the pipe, on top of which a lining carpet is laid. The pipe itself is plastered and treated with a bituminous primer.

The junction device takes place parallel to the installation of an ordinary flexible tile:

The shingle adjacent to the bottom of the pipe is cut along a triangular rail and attached to the base;
Next, the lower element of the junction, cut out of the valley carpet, is mounted first, then the side and upper elements. They are smeared with mastic and glued to the pipe (to a height of at least 30 cm) and the lining carpet (with an overlap of at least 20 cm);
a strobe is cut out in the brick, into which a metal junction bar (apron) is inserted. Its fastening to the pipe is carried out mechanically, using nails, dowels or screws, and the joint is glued with polyurethane sealant;
the remaining ordinary flexible tile shingles are laid over the adjoining element, glued to it with mastic, and additionally fastened with nails.

This whole process is illustrated in detail in the video:

If it is necessary to install ventilation or aerators, seal round holes in accordance with the illustration below:

Laying ridge elements

The device of the roof ridge made of flexible tiles is carried out using ridge elements. The sequence of actions is as follows:

If additional ventilation is required, a plastic ridge aerator can be installed on the ridge. It is attached to the roof with long nails, and is covered with tile tiles from above.

In conclusion, I suggest you watch a video where absolutely all the steps for the technology of installing flexible tiles are considered in detail:

Recently, the popularity of soft roofs is gaining momentum. There is a very simple explanation for this. First of all, it should be noted the excellent performance of such a coating. Let's highlight just a few of them: absolute water resistance, high strength characteristics, attractive appearance, durability.
Recently, the popularity of soft roofs is gaining momentum. There is a very simple explanation for this. First of all, it should be noted excellent performance. Let's highlight just a few of them: absolute water resistance, high strength characteristics, attractive appearance, durability.

The undoubted advantage of a soft tiled roof is the rather simple installation of a flexible tile. The installation instructions involve the implementation of several mandatory steps. Installation procedure for shingles – next:

How is flexible tile laid in practice? The installation instructions offered to your attention will answer this question. The material package includes all related elements, for example, a lining carpet. Considering the special adhesive applied on the back of the shingles, the installation instructions can be used for roofs with a pitch of 12–90°.

Do-it-yourself installation of flexible tiles

If you intend to carry out installation work yourself, then it is all the more important to know how to properly install flexible tiles. The installation instructions, which detail all the stages of the necessary work, will be especially useful in this matter.

Foundation preparation

This is a plastic and soft roofing material, so the installation of flexible tiles without fail is performed on a rigid base. Under the influence of sunlight, these characteristics of shingles only increase. If you mount the material on a sparse crate, then either the shingles simply will not lie on it, or after laying they will take the form of a crate, which, you see, to put it mildly, will look ugly.

According to the installation technology, the base should be smooth and smooth, therefore sheets of moisture-resistant plywood or OSB are stuffed on top of the usual crate.

Attention!

Generally speaking, shingles can also be laid on a base of individual boards, but with certain restrictions on the step between them and the height difference: the maximum step should be 5 mm, the maximum difference - 2 mm. However, even under such harsh conditions, literally in a year on roofing the "drawing" of the base is already beginning to be seen.

The lining carpet under bituminous tiles serves as additional protection of the roof from leakage. For roofs with a small slope, of the order of 1:3 or less, it is laid on the entire surface of the base. At large angles of inclination of the slope, the lining carpet is used only in dangerous areas: cornices, ridge, valley, end parts.

The carpet is laid from the bottom up, starting from the lowest section of the slope, with an overlap. Having blocked the lower strip, the upper one does not allow water to flow under it. To fix the lining material, special glue and nails are used.

Roof overhangs need reinforcement. To do this, use metal strips for cornices and ends, which are installed on top of the lining layer.

Further stages of installation are already associated with the roofing material itself.

Bituminous tile installation

markup

Installation of bituminous tiles, especially for non-professionals, is recommended to be carried out according to the markings indicating the exact direction of installation, which is previously performed on the roof. In fact, due to relatively small sizes, quite often the rows are bent during the laying process, and if for small areas such a flaw is not significant and practically does not catch the eye, then for large areas they are fraught with unpleasant consequences.

From top to bottom (or vice versa), preferably from the edge from where the shingles will be laid, two straight lines are drawn in parallel, keeping a distance of 50 cm between them. Then, row lines are marked perpendicular to them in increments of 25 cm.

Laying process

Begin installation from the bottom edge of the slope.

Row 1. There are two options.

lay the shingles upside down;
use a special self-adhesive strip, however, it costs much more - almost twice. This row should be oriented relative to the slope.

Row 2. Starting from this row, laying continues, following the markup. The shingles on the underside are equipped with protective film. It is removed immediately before gluing and pressed to the base. Shingles are fixed with special tinned or copper-plated nails, equipped with a wide hat.

They are hammered along the edges and in the middle of each of the shingles so that two rows can be fixed at once. Moreover, the protruding forms of each of the subsequent rows should cover the caps of the fasteners of the previous ones. For each running meter shingles need four nails.

The subsequent rows are laid with a shift of half a meter. If necessary, you need to make sure that the petals of each subsequent row are located between the same elements of the previous one.

The principle of fixing the shingles remains the same regardless of the row.

It was basic part installation instructions for shingles, decking and soft shingles from other manufacturers. For example, the installation of flexible tiles tilercat prima is carried out according to the same principle.

The nuances of the installation technology of shinglas shingles

The so-called hazardous areas require special attention during installation. Let's take a closer look at these stages of installation work.

The least problematic is the laying of material on the ridge. There are several options for designing this site:

additional ridge element made of metal. It is bought ready-made either in the form of a special metal bar, or from the same tile (ridge tile) or
are made by themselves, cut from individual shingles. These fragments are bent over the ridge and secured with the same fasteners.

With the valley, everything is different - according to statistics, this is an area that is sufficiently prone to leakage. Therefore, as a preventive protective measure, a substrate is used, with which they are glued with high quality. This measure is mandatory regardless of the slope of the roof - it is used even at sufficiently large angles of inclination, when no lining layer is used. In glued valleys, soft shingles are not bent, but cut in the direction of this element.

To increase the reliability of this joint, the valley must be glued with an additional layer of separate tile fragments. They are overlapped on adjacent slopes, forming valleys, and glued using bituminous mastic.