Arbolite blocks from a mixture of sawdust and cement. What are cement-bonded building blocks Arbolite blocks characteristics construction technology

Two kilometers from Lake Naroch 20 years ago, a unique for Belarus type of settlement appeared - the ecological settlement Druzhny. By its very existence, it proves that high-quality and budget housing can be built from the most simple materials: wood, straw, wood chips and clay. And this option for solving housing issues in the countryside may well become an alternative to construction in agro-towns.

Helped the whole world

The Germans, who first visited our country in the early 90s, were so impressed by the scale of environmental and economic problems that they had an idea to help families who lived in contaminated areas move to more favorable regions of Belarus.

The first houses in Druzhny on Naroch were started by a group of German volunteers in 1993. Land for a settlement for displaced persons was allocated by the authorities in the Myadel district of the Minsk region. There was also an agreement with the chairman of the local collective farm, who thus wanted to attract labor to his farm.

When choosing materials for construction, the Germans focused on their environmental friendliness and availability in this area. With the shortage of everything existing at that time, including building materials, there was practically nothing to choose from. But wood, straw and clay were in abundance.

Yuri Suprinovich

On the Belarusian side, the International Charitable Public Association “Ecodom” took part in the project “House instead of Chernobyl” (in 2014 it was renamed “EcoStroitel”). Its representative, Yuri Suprinovich, says that then, under the goals of the project and the existing material base, it was necessary to choose a construction technology that would allow people to build a house without any special skills. As a result, German was chosen for the model. frame house filling the walls with a mixture of straw and clay.

Volunteers from Germany came to build the first houses. Among the German volunteers there were specialists who performed two tasks: they supervised the construction and taught the technologies of the others: now there are probably more adobe construction specialists living in Druzhny than in the whole country.

At first, they built houses with straw filling, later they switched to wood chips: it turned out to be easier to work with, the material itself is just as cheap and accessible.

The combination of free work of volunteers and the low cost of “foot” building materials made it possible to erect 14 houses (now there are 31 of them) by the official opening of the eco-village in 1997.

In order to move from a radiation-contaminated area to a clean one and get free of charge new house, applicants were selected. One of the main criteria is the desire to contribute to the construction of the village.

- My family and I moved here from Khoiniki district in 1994, - says Valentine, one of the very first eco-settlers. - We saw an ad in the newspaper, which said that a German charitable organization would build houses on the Naroch for immigrants from infected areas, there would be a selection among those wishing to relocate. We didn’t really count on anything, but we wrote a letter. Two weeks later, the answer came: come.

Valentine's family was among the first eight to qualify. But only two of them stayed here. The rest were scared and refused to move.

“You can understand them,” says Valentine. - We arrived here on March 20, 1994, and here is an open field. It is now here a road, trees, houses, but then it was slush, mud, a collective farm ... As soon as they looked at all this, they immediately left. Because it was not clear whether there would be a kindergarten, school, shop, work. It was a difficult moment. This is not the same as arriving in Minsk and giving you an apartment.

The settlers first built their own houses, then helped others. The collective farm paid them wages as builders.

- We were told that the houses will be built of clay and straw. We thought that the straw would be only for the bunch, and the rest of the clay, to make it stronger. But everything turned out to be wrong. First, clay and water are mixed in a concrete mixer, resulting in "sour cream". It was poured into a dug hole 3 × 3 m and straw, which was brought by the collective farm, was added. And all this was mixed and trampled underfoot. Then the straw in the clay was thrown out on wooden flooring so that it wraps around, withers. Then she was sent to the formwork, fixed on wooden frame, rammed. To be honest, I didn’t believe that something normal would turn out right away. But when they removed the formwork, I saw that the walls were even, neat. And now 22 years have passed - nothing has rotted. I also remember that everyone was afraid - the mice would stretch the straw. But they are not in the walls. It is nonsense that there is someone chewing through the passages.

Clay and straw inside the wall of one of the first houses: after 20 years it is dry inside, no mice

Valentin said that they worked side by side with the Germans at the construction site. Our people were greatly impressed by their technical equipment.

- In 1993, German carpenters arrived, so they had so many tools - for all occasions. We have never seen such people: circular saws, tools to spike the details of the frame ... Immediately they were afraid to take it into their hands, before that only axes and hand saws knew. Then they saw the "Calm" chainsaw for the first time!

Valentin says that he did the first renovation two years ago - he renovated the facade.

Previously, the facades were sheathed with clapboard. Now many are changing it - for 20 years the paint has peeled off from them, in some places the tree has begun to rot. But the walls themselves underneath are in excellent condition. They are insulated and plastered. In the first houses clay plaster they applied it without reinforcement, so it cracked in some places - I greased it, and we live on. I decided not to change the staircase that the Germans made for me, even though it creaks. Then, in the 90s, dry lumber was not found, so they collected it from raw boards. Well, she creaks, but it's not scary. The second floors are insulated to a minimum - only 15 cm of straw and clay between the rafters. I had to additionally insulate over time. But this is in our first homes. Warm attics are already being built. But what no one in the village will complain about is the dampness. Always in our homes normal humidity- even heat it, even keep it cold.

German pellet boiler

By the way, in almost all the homes of the settlers, in addition to the modern water heating system, there are also stoves. Just in case.

Now the houses in the village are heated natural gas... But the public house, also known as the "office" and the house of creativity in combination, is heated by a pellet boiler with automatic feeding. Valentin says that 3 tons of pellets are purchased for the season. The heating system has solar collectors that work in tandem with the boiler. Thus, the house is heated, and hot water always is.

There are not so many children in the village as before - they grew up and left. But the local home children's creativity does not stand idle. Valentine says many families have adopted foster children. Circles are organized for them.

Ecovillage public house

Now Valentine is looking after common house, serves wind farms, which stand on a hill next to the village. He is not going to leave Druzhnaya.

- Houses passed into our ownership after 10 years, before that we had no right to sell them. It was believed that if he lived here for so many years, it means he took root. Most of the settlers stayed here. And I got accustomed, although sometimes I go to my homeland. I can say that here better people live. There are many drunken people, there is practically no work ...

There are houses for sale in the village of Druzhnaya, but there are no options for a “penny”.

- The houses here are excellent - all communications, large plots, near Naroch. A neighbor recently sold someone for a summer residence for 26 thousand dollars.

New settlement in Old Lepel

A similar settlement appeared in the Vitebsk region - in the village of Stary Lepel.

“Representatives of the local authorities came to Druzhny - they liked this model of the settlement, and in 2001 they invited them to their place, allocated a site,” says Yuri Suprinovich. - By this time, the legislation had already changed, new requirements appeared for the energy efficiency of buildings under construction. Therefore, new houses have already been built with additional insulation.

All our built public buildings- an outpatient clinic in the village of Zanaroch and a social rehabilitation center for the disabled, - heated with pellet boilers and solar collectors... This increases the initial costs, but with further operation, they pay off.

Photo from the site www.oekodomstroj.by

Yuri says that mineral wool or expanded polystyrene - materials are not environmentally friendly, and there were no others on our market at that time. Focused on Europe. There were already options from flax fiber, cane, cork, hemp, ecowool.

As a result, they decided to make insulation from reed - there is plenty of it in the country. Moreover, it is a constantly renewable resource. This is how the first Belarusian production of reed slabs appeared.

“We learned how to harvest the reed ourselves and now we use it as thermal insulation for our houses. The most interesting thing is that we did not come up with anything new - even in the USSR there was a building material called "reeds". Today, the company "EcoDomStroy" provides reed mats not only for our facilities, but also sends them for export, uses them to insulate houses at the request of the population

Reed is harvested in winter on ice on Lake Naroch. There is a special self-propelled harvester for this. Local residents also have extra income, harvesting and selling cane to the grower.

Reed slabs are manufactured on special German machines. They are very old, made in 1948.

"I know that I'm building"

From wood chips and clay now build not only according to social programs. They are also ordered privately. One of these houses is now being erected on the banks of the Vileika reservoir.

Its owner, Vyacheslav Makushinsky, heads the Belarusian-German society “Children's Rehabilitation and Health Center“ Nadezhda ”. He told the site that he was familiar with the technology and, in his opinion, it worked well.

Vyacheslav Makushinsky, head of the Nadezhda educational center

- For the first time I got acquainted with this technology during the construction of two guest houses in the institution, which I manage. We built the first house on frame technology with filling the walls with ecowool, the second with clay and wood chips. Therefore, I already have practical experience in both the construction and operation of such houses. When I decided to build for myself, the choice was predetermined. It was important for me that the materials were as natural as possible. Ecowool is also a natural material, but already transformed. Clay, wood chips, wood for the frame - all these are exclusively natural materials.

Now builders are busy filling the walls with a mixture of wood chips and clay. It is kneaded in a large concrete mixer - up to 0.8 cubic meters can be cooked in it at a time. With a construction wheelbarrow, the mixture is brought to the workers, who fill it with buckets into removable formwork and ram. In total, 7 builders are involved in the construction site.

Unlike standard frame houses, which are built from small-section technical drying lumber, timber is used for these frames natural moisture with a section of 120 × 120 mm. After they are filled external walls and a roof has been installed, partitions will be erected inside ceramic brick... After that construction works will stop until July next year: by this time the house should dry out, the chips should shrink. That is, such a frame house cannot be built in one construction season.

For the construction of this 130 square house, no attic floor, it took 25 cubic meters of wood chips. Clay was "mined" right on the site, when they dug a hole under autonomous septic tank... At first glance, the technology is simple and looks attractive in terms of financial costs: clay and chips are much cheaper than gas silicate.

“If a person wants to save money on building a house, then he needs to do a lot on his own or with the involvement of volunteers - relatives, friends,” says Yuri Suprinovich. - Then, in fact, the benefit is obvious, since the wages of builders will be practically zero. If you invite a construction company, then the price of a house made of wood chips and clay will not come out cheaper, and maybe even more expensive than a traditional house. There is a lot of manual labor during the construction, but it is not cheap.

Knowledge and experience can be obtained completely free of charge. It is enough to be a volunteer in the construction of such houses.

Yuri Suprinovich says that compared to agro-houses, the construction of which was financed by agricultural enterprises, houses using German technology were somewhat cheaper. And this without saving on the quality of finishes and the level of equipment with internal engineering systems... For example, a house for living in 130 square meters in Old Lepel cost about 50 thousand dollars (without landscaping the adjacent territory).

Arbolit, as a building material, was known back in the days of the USSR, factories worked, and houses were built. After the collapse of the country, the technology was forgotten for some time, and a few years ago it was remembered again. The material turns out to be warm, light, durable, poorly conducts sounds, and its cost is also low. Therefore, wood concrete and wood concrete blocks (wood blocks) are increasingly of interest to private developers.

Let's immediately determine that arbolite and sawdust concrete are different materials with different characteristics... The wood concrete contains waste from the woodworking industry, but only of a strictly regulated size. There is no other placeholder anymore. And everything is spelled out in GOSTs and instructions. And the filler is not sawdust, but wood chips with dimensions recommended by the standard no more than 40 * 10 * 5 mm.

Properties, advantages and disadvantages

For a private developer, when choosing a building material, the technical characteristics of the material are important. Let's look at wood concrete blocks from this side. So, the characteristics and their short decoding:

The properties are very good. Another thing is that they will only be subject to exact observance of proportions and technology. This is why arblite blocks are dangerous: you don't know how well they are made.

Performance characteristics

As you can see, the characteristics of the arboblock are not bad. To the pluses, you still need to add light weight, large size and good ability to absorb sounds. A very big plus - the blocks are easy to cut, it is easy to give them the desired shape... Another positive point is that nails and screws hold well in the arbolite. On this side, too, no problems.

• Shrinkage - 0.5-0.6%. This parameter shows how much the geometric dimensions of the wall will change under load. The wood concrete has one of the lowest rates.
• Water absorption 40-85%. This figure is very large. If you put a wood concrete block in water, it can absorb a lot of water. For the developer, this means that it is necessary to take care of a good shut-off waterproofing between the foundation and the first row of blocks. Also, an arbolite house needs exterior decoration which will protect the material from moisture. Not so scary. It is much more important that the hygroscopicity of wood concrete is low (the ability to accumulate vaporous moisture). Even with very humid air it does not get damp, but allows vapors to pass through itself, regulating the humidity in the room.
• Fire resistance - class G1. Arbolite refers to materials that do not support combustion. This is their undoubted plus.

If speak about technical characteristics, then there is essentially one serious minus - high water absorption. There is one more drawback, but it is from the field of exploitation. Arbolite is very fond of mice. The material is natural and warm. You can solve the problem by making a high base - at least 50 cm.

Arbolite blocks production technology

Arbolit refers to lightweight concrete, the technology is almost standard, with the exception of some nuances: the need for pressing and using not an ordinary gravity concrete mixer during mixing, but a forced one. It mixes chips better with the rest of the components.

Composition

The wood concrete contains four components:

• high quality cement (M 400 or M 500);
• wood chips;
• water;
• chemical additives.

The cement must be dry and fresh. Wood chips are of a certain size. The fewer the re-grading, the stronger the block will be. Chemical additives are calcium nitrate and calcium chloride (food additive E509), liquid glass, sulphate aluminum and some other substances. Please note that they are first diluted in water and only then added to the chips, mixed. Any drinking water is allowed, but not technical, without contamination. After the chips are evenly wet, add cement. Another sequence is not valid.

Types and sizes of blocks

Depending on the density, wood concrete blocks are divided into heat-insulating (up to 500 kg / m 3) and structural (from 500 kg / m 3 to 850 kg / m 3). For building one-story houses you can use the lightest of the constructional density of 500 kg / m 3. For detached houses of 1.5 and 2 floors, the minimum density is 600 kg / m 3 and above.

The sizes of wood concrete blocks can be different. The most common is 500 * 200 mm and different thickness- from 100 mm to 400-500 mm. But different factories and workshops produce blocks of different sizes. Molds for them can be welded from ordinary sheet iron, so this is not a problem. The photo shows an example of the assortment of one of the shops.

As you can see, blocks 600 * 200 mm and 600 * 250 mm also have a thickness of 100 to 500 mm. It is possible for load-bearing walls and choose suitable ones for interior partitions. Also for self-made wood concrete blocks can be made suitable shape... This is if you decide to do them yourself.

Proportions

Like any building material, wood concrete is divided into strength classes. For the construction of load-bearing walls of houses required class strength B 2.5.

Quantity necessary materials for one cubic meter of wood concrete solution is in the table (photo above).

Pressing technology

All these components are mixed, and blocks are formed from them. There are several technologies:

• just by pressing:
  • manual on the floor (great effort required);
  • manual ramming on a vibrating table.
• pressing with vibration on a vibrating machine.

The easiest way is manual pressing. But it is difficult to control the density and strength of the resulting blocks in this way.

Normal production conditions

For the normal process of cement hydration, a temperature of at least + 12 ° C is required. There are no other conditions. The peculiarity of production is that after the block is formed, at least 2-3 weeks must pass before the start of its use. During this time, the cement will gain about 50-60% strength (depending on the temperature) and you can already work with the blocks. That is, the blocks must be made long before the start of construction. Considering that the chips must be aged for at least 4 months before using them, then you can start a year before construction.

Another practical point: if you are going to make wood concrete blocks with your own hands, in addition to a platform for kneading and storing components, you need a platform for settling the blocks. The place should be covered, protected from rain and sun. There should be no drafts.

Wood concrete chips: how to get or where to buy

The best wood chips for wood concrete are obtained from pine and spruce. You can also use larch, but when mixing, you need to double the amount of chemical additives. From hardwoods GOST allows the use of aspen, beech, birch, poplar. The main requirements are as follows:

The best wood chips are obtained from lumpy wood waste. It is first passed through chippers and then crushed in a hammer mill. The following mechanisms can be used for this:

• Disc chippers with adjustable knives. Not all of them can be adjusted to obtain the required chip size, but the dimensions will be close.
• Rotary knife crushers. Narrow and narrow chips come out of them, and the length is adjustable. That is, it is - a good option... There is only one "but": there are many knives and with prolonged use they need to be changed or welded (they do not sharpen). On the plus side, we add that crushers of this type can be used to re-crush the process chips obtained during the first crushing (after reconfiguration).
• Shredders or roller shredders. This is expensive equipment (about 1 million rubles), and it is mainly imported, but it is excellent, since it is made for certain sizes of chips.

If you do wood chips on your own is not an option, you can buy it. If possible, you can agree at the plant where wood concrete is produced. Only check the parameters of the chips. If there is none nearby, you can take shavings from under the sizing machines. Some of them can be adjusted so that the chips are not thick.

Features of the manufacture of mortar for wood concrete blocks

Wood waste contains sugars. If fresh raw materials are used, the sugars can begin to ferment, which will destroy the integrity of the block. When mixing, chemical additives are added to the solution that neutralize their effect (water glass, calcium chloride, alumina sulfate, lime). They can be added in combinations: calcium chloride with water glass or sulphate alumina with lime. The total weight of the additives should not exceed 8%.

There are other ways to break down sugars. The simplest, but requiring a long period of time, is to keep the chips for at least 90 days in a heap in the air. If there is no way to wait, the chips are soaked for 3 days in lime milk stirring occasionally. Then they strain it off, do not dry it, in this form it is used for kneading. Only in this case it is necessary to take into account that much less water is required. This method works well, but it is very troublesome. It is easier to find an opportunity to purchase chemical additives.

The procedure and features of mixing the solution

For mixing the solution, a forced-type concrete mixer is used. You can also use an ordinary gravitational or "pear", but you have to knead in it for a long time, although you can adapt - tilt the pear as low as possible during kneading (when raised, it hardly mixes).

First, sawdust is poured, a certain amount of water is added. While the sawdust gets wet, chemical additives are diluted in a small amount of water, then they are unloaded into a concrete mixer. When all the wood is evenly wet, cement is poured. It is loaded in portions, waiting uniform distribution throughout the volume. The cement should wrap around every chip on all sides. This is possible only if the sawdust is well wet, therefore we carefully monitor this stage.

Block shaping

The solution is poured into molds. Most often they are made of metal, they represent a box with handles without a bottom. The form is placed on a flat surface (a board, for example). With manual ramming, the molds are filled with wood concrete solution, layer by layer, each of which is pressed with a metal platform with a handle. In order for the air to escape better, the thickness of the material is pierced several times with a metal rod, after which it is pressed again. This procedure can be repeated several times, until you reach the desired layer density, after which you can fill in the next one. Layers are poured to the upper edge of the block, after the final ramming, the top is leveled, cutting off the excess with a metal bar.

You can use a lever - mechanical or with a drive. In this case, the effort develops significant and the entire volume can be loaded at once, if necessary, supplementing to the edge. To achieve a high density, you can press several times, then increasing, then weakening the pressure. Experience shows that with this principle of manufacturing wood concrete blocks, they are more durable, pressing (restoration of the shape due to the elastic force of the chips) appears much less.

Blocks of better strength and with less effort are obtained if vibration is added to the pressing process. In this case, the efforts required to obtain the required strength are reduced significantly. For these purposes, vibrating tables are made. And the process is called vibration with a load.

The formed block on a stand is transferred to the drying place. If the solution allows and the block keeps its shape, the frame can be removed. But sometimes homemade wood concrete blocks sin by the fact that the solution turns out to be too liquid - it's easier to ram it this way. In this case, the blocks are left in the mold for a day. Use and transportation of blocks is possible no earlier than 2-3 weeks after molding.

Features of the construction of their wood concrete blocks

The masonry of the blocks is carried out according to the brick type - with bandaging of the seams, on cement-sand mortar... Of the features - the thickness of the seam is about 8-10 mm. Between the foundation and the first row of blocks, a very high-quality shut-off waterproofing must be done. This is to exclude the suction of moisture through the foundation from the soil. We make combined waterproofing - first we impregnate bituminous mastic or any other coating waterproofing, we lay on top roll waterproofing... Previously, roofing material was always used, but today it is of poor quality and will collapse in a couple of years. And it is important to exclude moisture leakage (due to the high water absorption of wood concrete), therefore use a waterproofing or something similar. It is possible, in two layers, also smeared with bituminous mastic.

The next nuance is masonry above the window and doorways... It is best to use special U-shaped blocks, in which to lay the reinforcing frame and 4 bars of reinforcement with a diameter of 10-12 mm. It is better to tie it so that there is less chance of corrosion. First, blocks with grooves are installed above the opening. They can be supported from below with a board and spacers. Then the frame is laid, everything is poured with concrete. Leave the structure for a day, after which the props can be removed and masonry can be continued.

There are many nuances of building a house from wood concrete blocks in the video.

Guided by the postulate "if you want it done well - do it yourself", many strive to build a house with their own hands. The question arises: from what material. Leaders spring to mind construction market: concrete, aerated concrete, aerated concrete, brick and wood. But there is material about which we can say "well forgotten old" - this is arbolite. And the idea of ​​\ u200b \ u200bmaking an arbolite with your own hands is generally excellent, since it is in no way inferior to the above building materials, and in some moments even surpasses them.

What arbolite is made of, its advantages

Arbolite is lightweight concrete with a coarse-grained structure. It is also called wood concrete, since wood waste(wood chips, sawdust, shavings) occupy about 90% of its composition. In addition to wood chips, the wood concrete contains cement (binder) and chemical additives. The advantages of this material are obvious:

• has high bending strength;
• retains heat well;
• environmentally friendly;
• practically does not burn;
• resistant to low temperatures;
• not susceptible to mold formation;
• absorbs noise well;
• any building materials adhere perfectly to its surface;
• has a low weight;
• its use saves labor costs during installation;
• no need to use special equipment;
• when using it, there are no problems with the foundation;
• shrinkage of the house does not cause deformation of the walls;
• low cost.

Options for the construction of an arbolite structure

It is not so difficult to build a house from wood concrete with your own hands. The main thing is to decide on the choice of a method for erecting walls. There are two options:

• the first, using blocks of wood concrete, made by hand at home or purchased in specialized stores;
• the second, using the technology that uses monolithic wood concrete.

That is, the projects are different, but the building material is the same.

Important! It should be remembered that such material can only be used for low-rise construction (no more than 2-3 floors).

How to make wood concrete blocks on your own

The site for the manufacture of such blocks can be private plot or garage.

Preparatory stage

First of all, we buy wood waste at the nearest sawmill ( minimum size chips 4.0 x 5.0 x 0.5 cm). A smaller one is not suitable, since when mixed with cement, the relevance of using this component disappears. Then we do this:

• we put wood chips under the canopy and leave it there for 2-3 months;
• we process lime dissolved in water (2 kg per 120 liters of water);
• periodically mix the waste (2-3 days);
• leave to dry completely;
• knead wood concrete solution.

Components and proportions of the mixture

To prepare 1 m 2 of the mixture, the following components will be required:

• 300 kg of pre-processed organic filler;
• 300 kg of cement;
• about 400 liters of water;
• 20-30 kg of modified chemical additives.

You can prepare the mixture in a concrete mixer or any suitable container (for example, in a trough).

Preparing a mold for filling

For making the mold we use wooden planks that we sew or sheet metal... We cover the bottom with linoleum. To ready product easily removed from the mold, we recommend to provide for the presence of handles in the design.

Advice! It is recommended to moisten the mold with water before filling with the solution.

Production of wood concrete blocks

Manufacturing technology is quite simple:

• pour wood chips and modified chemical additives into the container;
• pour water (not all: just to cover the waste);
• mix everything well;
• add cement and the remaining water;
• mix thoroughly again;
• fill the form with a solution (leave 3-4 cm blank from the top edge);
• tamp;
• we keep the block in shape for a day;
• remove the block from the mold and leave it under a canopy for 2-3 weeks.

House of wood concrete blocks

The construction of a building such as an arbolite house begins with design and technical documentation.

Design

The documentation for the construction of any private house, which includes not only the building plan, but also information about the foundation, the building materials used, the possibilities of connecting to communications, must be agreed and approved by the relevant authorities.

On a note! Designing a wood concrete structure is not much different from a typical plan for building a house made of expanded clay concrete.

Foundation construction

Due to the fact that arbolite has such an advantage as low weight, you can choose absolutely any foundation for your house: on piles, on slabs, tape or columnar. Let's say we are building a house on strip foundation... Work order:

• mark the dimensions of the foundation;
• we make a sample of soil to the required depth;
• on the bottom we lay a layer of a mixture of sand and gravel;
• we tamp it and spill it with water;
• we install reinforcing elements;
• we mount wooden formwork;
• pour a sand-cement mixture inside the formwork;
• after solidification, we lubricate the foundation with bitumen and lay two or three layers of waterproofing (for example, roofing material);
• cover the surface bounded by the foundation with a mixture of sand and crushed stone, ram;
• we fill it with a layer of concrete (more than 50 mm).

Plinth

We perform this part of the structure using brickwork height 40-50 cm.The main function of the basement is to protect blocks of wood concrete from harmful effects water.

Building the walls

The technology of building walls from wood concrete blocks is similar to the process of erecting walls from some other blocks (aerated concrete, aerated concrete, expanded clay concrete) and is very similar to brickwork. We lay out the blocks in a checkerboard pattern, in rows, starting from the corner. Check the degree of vertical deflection using a level. To fasten the blocks, we use cement-sand mixture... After installing three rows, take a break for 24 hours so that the bonding solution is completely dry.

Advice! To prevent quick removal moisture from the mixture, we recommend to moisten the blocks before laying.

Recommended wall thickness for two-story house- 300 mm, and if higher - 400 mm. The thickness of the walls can be even less (for example, 200 mm) if the use of heat-insulating materials or external cladding is planned later. But remember: it is warmer where the walls are thicker.

It is not necessary to reinforce the walls erected with wood concrete. But if you want to increase the strength of corners, mating points of walls, door and window openings, you can apply reinforcing elements.

Interfloor overlaps

If you have restrictions in funds, then as an overlap, a good option is wooden bar... If finances allow, then appropriate reinforced concrete slabs or metal channels.

Roofing and rafters

Algorithm for installing rafters and installation roofing material for buildings made of wood concrete is the same as for buildings built of other building material.

Important! Before installing the rafter strapping, it is necessary to lay a layer of waterproofing on the wood concrete blocks.

Exterior and interior finishes

Any materials and methods are used for decoration. Finishing work can be produced immediately after construction is completed or even in progress.

How to build a house correctly will help you video:

Features of monolithic construction

To erect monolithic house, it is necessary to study the installation technology monolithic walls, and the other stages of construction are similar to the process of building a house from blocks.

The technology for erecting monolithic walls is very similar to conventional concreting: formwork is also built (height - maximum 600 mm), reinforcement is made, wood concrete is poured with a layer of 500 mm (no more). After that, everything is tamped and dries within 3-4 days. Then the formwork is lifted up in order to pour the next layer.

Monolithic wood concrete house in detail - watch the video:

In custody

It becomes clear that building a house from wood concrete with your own hands is not particularly difficult, and knowing all the nuances of making such blocks, you can build a very warm and high-quality house.

In accordance with the current legislation, concrete with organic aggregates can be used in low-rise construction in Russia

Arbolite material- lightweight concrete with organic aggregates (up to 80-90% of the volume). It was invented by the Dutch around the 30s of the last century. However, in fact, the idea of ​​using organic matter as filler in concrete - sawdust, wood chips, straw, and so on - has a longer history.

In Central Asia, houses were traditionally built from adobe - a mixture of clay and chopped straw. By the way, adobe is still produced in private farmsteads. Bricks were made from a mixture of clay and straw and dried in the sun. Were also popular wall blocks similar in shape to a melon called "guval". They were made from the same material. Such bricks and "blocks" did not have sufficient strength. But in the local climate with scant precipitation, they served for a long time and reliably.

In the USSR, wood concrete became popular in the 60s. GOST was developed, copied from the technology of manufacturing the Dutch material under the DURISOL trademark. By this time, wood concrete had already won a place in the markets of Europe and America due to its environmental friendliness, good heat and sound insulating properties and small specific gravity finished wall structure... Abroad, this material is called differently: "dyurisol" - in the Netherlands and Sweden, "woodstone" - in the USA and Canada, "sawn concrete" - in the Czech Republic, "centriboad" - in Japan, "duripanel" - in Germany, "velox " - in Austria. It is used in the construction of not only private houses, but also high-rise industrial buildings.

Types of wood concrete blocks

Composition and tenology of arbolite very simple - cement, special wood chips, air-permeating additive. Industrial production requires equipment - wood chip cutter, concrete mixer, molds.

The Soviet analogue of "Durisol" has passed all technical tests, was standardized and certified. More than a hundred wood concrete factories worked in the USSR. By the way, the material was used for the construction of buildings even in Antarctica. At the Molodezhnaya station, three service buildings and a canteen were built from wood concrete panels. The thickness of the walls was only 30 cm. There are practically no minuses of this material, but there are many pluses. Foundations for it are required the same as for aerated concrete.

Arbolite houses warm enough and durable, because such building blocks according to technology. The price of such a house is comparable to the price of a foam-gas-concrete house. But inherently these houses are more environmentally friendly.

However, in the Soviet Union, wood concrete did not become a material of mass use. A course was taken for the construction of large-scale concrete-block houses, for which arbolite was not suitable due to its characteristics. In the 90s, the wood concrete production industry in Russia fell into decay. But the condition of buildings built from wood concrete 60 years ago shows that the material is quite suitable for use in construction. Moreover, the technology does not stand still.

Wood concrete chip cutter Wood concrete chip equipment

Today, some foreign manufacturers produce wood concrete based on calibrated coniferous wood chips using special grades of concrete. There is a technology for the removal of sugars from organic matter, which "encourage" wood decay, special methods of drying wood chips. Special additives are used that increase the strength and durability of wood concrete, improving it consumer properties... So the initial advantages of wood concrete - the availability of components and environmental friendliness - can be supplemented with new ones. It is difficult to make a high-quality wood concrete with your own hands, but it is quite likely. You can buy high-quality wood concrete at a price of 3000 - 3400 rubles / m3.

In our country, rich in forest, wood concrete can be an excellent material for low-rise individual construction.

V last years the housing problem did not affect rare citizens in our country. This situation is especially painful for young families for whom it is almost impossible to acquire their own housing without getting into loans on enslaving terms.

This situation is largely due to the incredible cost building materials, at the price of which it can be assumed that they are made exclusively on gold equipment. Is it possible to somehow correct such an unfortunate situation? Of course! The way out of the situation will be arbolite. It is not difficult to make it with your own hands, but this technology will save a lot of money.

What is this anyway?

The younger generation hardly remembers them, but in Soviet times almost every second was made of these blocks private house... In fact, these are lightweight construction panels made of cement.

To reduce the cost of production, conifers are most often used, but best material obtained from hardwood chips. In the latter case, the construction of houses from wood concrete is somewhat more expensive, but the finished buildings are much better quality.

According to GOST, the use of other types of organic fillers is allowed. So, in the southern regions, more recently, it was distributed construction technology, in which even chopped straw was added to the blocks.

Alas, after the 60s, when there was a boom in panel construction, no one needed more than a hundred factories. The production was curtailed, and the good material was practically forgotten. It is urgent to correct this annoying misunderstanding!

What are the standard sizes?

To make wood concrete with your own hands, you need to have at least a basic understanding of the basic standards used in its production. The requirements of GOST 19 22284 state that to obtain the maximum quality material only chips with dimensions 40x10x5 mm should be used. The needles and leaves in the fill should be no more than 5%, and the volume of the bark should be no more than 10%. As mentioned above, the best wood concrete is obtained from clean and dry chips of deciduous trees.

Oddly enough, but some recommendations for typical sizes blocks do not exist in nature. Of course, in this matter you should focus on your own needs and capabilities. Having filled blocks of a couple of meters in size, you may face the impossibility of transporting them to the construction site.

During this time, the sugars contained in the wood are completely destroyed, and finished material will not swell in the future. Of course, you need to prepare the right amount raw materials: shavings and sawdust are used as a filler, the ratio of which should be approximately 1: 1 or 1: 2.

We strongly recommend periodically carefully shoveling sawdust and shavings, as otherwise there will be no air access to the deep layers of the tree. And further. Take care of the presence of a concrete mixer in advance, since manually you simply cannot mix the finished composition with sufficient quality.

Chemistry

To make wood concrete with your own hands, you will need not only wood chips and sawdust. So, buy Portland cement 400 in advance, as well as chemical additives. These include liquid glass and aluminum sulphate. All additives should be procured in an amount of 2-4% by weight of the cement.

Getting Started

If the chips you have harvested do not quite correspond to the typical sizes that were given in our article, we recommend that you immediately pass them through a chopping and shredding machine.

Next, we carry out the primary sorting of the material, removing various impurities from the shavings, large pieces of bark and needles. Otherwise, it will not be possible to obtain a monolithic wood concrete. You can do this with your own hands if you sift the raw materials through a sieve of the appropriate diameter. It is also important to remove excess wood dust, which can have a negative effect on the consistency of the grout.

The best option is sieving on a special screen, which gives the cleanest and most selected shavings at the exit. To make arbolite out of it with our own hands, after the sifting procedure, add about 20% of qualitatively dried sawdust (preferably hardwood) to the primary raw materials.

Thoroughly shoveling the resulting mixture, soak the wood in water, where water glass was previously added. In order for the material to harden faster, picking up minerals from the water, it is advisable to add technical calcium chloride there as well.

Since it is undesirable to make wood concrete with your own hands without these additives, they must be immediately purchased in the required quantity.

Molding

After that, we load a portion of the composition into a concrete mixer, add water and cement, mix thoroughly. Ideally, automatic mixers are used, from which the mixture is fed under pressure to molds, where it is pressed on automatic machines.

Since in most farms this will never be obtained, the finished composition is simply raked out of the mixer and placed in molds. They can be made from sufficiently strong and quality wood... To ready-made blocks it was easier to get it, it is best to upholster their inner part with film or linoleum.

Remember that the geometric proportions of the shapes must be as correct as possible, otherwise the construction of houses from wood concrete will be greatly complicated. To properly compact the mixture (without creating air pockets), it is better to use an electric rammer. If there is no opportunity to buy it, the manual version will do just fine.

To make a normal solid wood concrete block, you can make such a device out of wood, simply upholstering it with sheet metal to ensure the proper weight.

After the excess moisture drains and the block acquires the desired shape, it is placed under the press, having previously wrapped plastic wrap... Exposure takes place for ten days, and the optimal ambient temperature is not higher than 15 degrees Celsius.