Roll waterproofing for tiles. Waterproofing the floor under the tiles in the bathroom

A bathroom is a room in which high humidity is constantly noted, warm steam accumulates. Such conditions, in the absence of high-quality ventilation, lead to the appearance of condensation on the walls. Stagnating on a tile, dampness can cause mold in the tile joints, as well as on furniture. Therefore, during the renovation, it is necessary to waterproof the bathroom under the tiles. What is better to choose from the materials for performing such work will be discussed in detail in this article.

In addition to the headset and cladding spoiled by dampness, there is a risk of moisture penetrating into neighboring apartments. Water can seep through microscopic floor cracks and leave unsightly dark streaks on the ceiling. This is why reliable waterproofing under the tiles in the bathroom is so important.

Waterproofing on the bathroom floor

If desired, this stage of repair is easily performed on your own.

Preparation for work

This process should be treated with due care. If something is overlooked, the desired effect will not work, and problems may arise during the subsequent operation of the premises. To lay insulation in rolls, you first need to dismantle the old screed on the floor. This is a rather dirty job that takes time and effort, but without it, a quality repair is impossible.

Dismantling the floor

The thickness of the concrete screed is usually 3-5 cm.

You need to stock up on the necessary tools: a hammer drill, a concrete hammer and an angle grinder. After breaking the cement layer, the remnants of construction debris and dust are removed from the surface. Then you should inspect the base. If there are irregularities, depressions and cracks on the floor, the surface is sanded to a smooth state. The floor can then be treated with an antifungal mixture and primer applied.

Primer application process

For other types of waterproofing, it is also necessary to get rid of screed defects. The work plane must be flat. A fungicidal solution and a primer are applied to it. At the same time, it is important not to forget about the processing of the lower part of the walls. Waterproofing is applied at a level of 10-15 cm from the floor. This is necessary as an additional protection against possible flooding of the premises. The floor level in the bathroom is usually lower than in the rest of the rooms. The walkway is about 5 cm high. This design prevents water from leaking out of the bathroom.

Types of materials for waterproofing a bathroom

Waterproofing for a bathroom under a tile is carried out using different materials. Moreover, they must all be reliable and waterproof. Allocate gluing and coating solutions.

Lubricating waterproofing is made from bitumen, which is oxidized, and fillers in the form of a plasticizer, latex, rubber crumb are added to it. An organic solvent is also included in this solution. However, there are some nuances when working with this type of insulation. The composition must be applied to the surface to be treated at a temperature of 120 degrees Celsius. In cold weather, such an insulating coating becomes brittle. The types of insulation based on bitumen-polymer base or with the use of rubber are very popular.

Adhesive waterproofing is sold in rolls. Sometimes it looks like a film with an adhesive base. These materials are usually based on fiberglass and polyester.

Waterproofing in rolls

The process of installing such insulation is somewhat easier. The work consists in gluing the material to the walls and floor. However, experienced craftsmen recommend using insulating materials for bathrooms.

The choice of waterproofing largely depends on the size of the room, its layout, the presence or absence of various types of complex plumbing devices in it.

Carrying out waterproofing of a bathroom with various types of cladding

After leveling and sanding the surfaces in the bathroom, you can proceed to the priming work. However, finishing the walls and floors with plasterboard in the bathroom requires a very reliable waterproofing for the adhesive to hold well.

Moisture resistant drywall

To protect the material from moisture, drywall must be covered with a special membrane or coated with mastic.

Even before laying drywall sheets, they are covered with a moisture-repellent composition. This increases its waterproofing properties several times.

Waterproofing the bathroom floor under the tiles, the video of which can be found on our website, can be carried out using roll materials. It is necessary to prepare a cut of the film of the required size, heat the bitumen base, remove the protective layer and glue the insulation over the entire floor surface. For work, you can use the leveling roller. In this case, each surface area is recommended to be processed twice or three times.

In the case of using a coating type of insulation, a mixture is first prepared. It is applied to the surface of the floor and walls with a roller or spatula.

Roller application of the waterproofing compound

Features of waterproofing in a wooden house

For wood floors, it is advisable to pay special attention to the process of processing with moisture-proof material. Wood is a material that is "afraid" of water. If you do not waterproof, mold will quickly begin to appear in such a bathroom, walls made of natural wood will deteriorate and deform over time. The process of material decay will begin.

It is also necessary not to forget about the careful processing of the ceiling, since the warm steam, rising, will settle on the surface.

For wood, special water-repellent varnish coatings are used. They effectively protect natural material from deformation.

Rules for the selection of waterproofing materials

Specialists prefer one or another type of waterproofing, depending on the following factors:

1. Base... It can be concrete or made of cement-sand mortar.
2. Features of the bathroom interior... The presence of a shower or underfloor heating system in it.

If the bathroom is standard, and the area of ​​the tiled floor and walls is small, you can choose a pasting material for insulation. It contains special synthetic resins. The thickness of such a coating does not exceed 1 mm, so the level of the floor after the flooring will not increase too much.

Wrapping waterproofing

Just 24 hours after the end of the waterproofing work, you can proceed to surface finishing.

Some apartment owners prefer to install a "warm floor" system or simply choose thick tiles for cladding. In this case, it is better to use cement-based insulation. The layer of such a coating is thicker. It is 2–4 mm. This type of insulation takes longer to dry.

Insulation with liquid rubber

Another name for this material is bituminous mastic. This is a high-quality modern type of protection of the surface of the floor and walls from the harmful effects of moisture.

Liquid rubber for waterproofing

This liquid insulation is made of bitumen and polymers. It is safe and easy to apply. In this case, work can be carried out manually using a brush and roller, or special equipment can be purchased for this, which automates the process. The following advantages of liquid rubber insulation are distinguished:

• firmness and softness applied layer;
• good adhesion properties;
• seamless insulation type;
• easy application.

In addition to the above advantages of bituminous mastic, it is worth mentioning such its property as "undemanding" to the main coating. Even if the floor is not perfectly sanded, the presence of small imperfections and roughness will not affect the quality of the insulation in any way.

The technology for carrying out liquid waterproofing of the floor in the bathroom includes the following stages:

1. Surface preparation... It is necessary to thoroughly process the walls and floor before applying the mastic. It is necessary to make a screed, leveling the base. In doing so, do not forget about the requirements for the floor level in the bathroom. As you know, it is necessary to equip a threshold in order to avoid flooding of all premises.
2. The next stage is spent cleaning of treated surfaces and their priming... All debris and dust should be removed with a brush. After that, treat the floors with a special bitumen-polymer primer. This will provide better adhesion of the waterproofing material to the base. The primed walls and floor are left to dry for several hours.
3. Then you can proceed with the waterproofing itself... The floor and walls at the base are covered with bituminous mastic, measuring 20 cm from below. The work can be carried out with a construction brush or a spatula.

Liquid rubber waterproofing is widely used in modern construction. It is used for renovation in new buildings and for restoration work in old apartments.

Liquid rubber waterproofing process

The technology for applying such material is simple and does not require special skills. The work is quite capable of doing it yourself. To cover one square meter of the room, you will need 3 liters of bitumen mastic.

This is a reliable type of insulation that well protects the tile finish in the bathroom from the appearance of mold and moisture seepage into the neighboring apartment.

Since bathroom renovations are usually more demanding, careful waterproofing is a necessary procedure. It requires some investment of money, time and labor, however, in the future, all this will pay off. You will not have to repair the bathroom again in a year. There will be no problems with the operation of the bathroom.

The bathroom is one of the most difficult spaces from a technical point of view. Most of the utilities are located here; they need to be provided with unhindered access to perform routine maintenance and repair work. In addition, these communications create increased risks of unpleasant situations.

The optimum flooring for bathrooms is ceramic tiles. It has excellent performance characteristics, its use makes it possible to obtain not only beautiful and wear-resistant, but also waterproof coatings. Today, there is a large selection of waterproofing compounds on the building materials market, all of which have excellent physical properties and reliability. But only on one condition - the application technology will be strictly observed.

Table. What waterproofing materials can be used in bathrooms.

Waterproofing name	Brief description and properties
	They are sealed coatings, most often used for cement-sand or concrete screeds. These types of waterproofing include plastic wrap. Depending on the characteristics of the material, the hot or cold method can be used for waterproofing.
	Universal use, widely used for waterproofing both horizontal and vertical surfaces. Produced on the basis of polymers or modified bitumen, may have additional additives to improve physical characteristics.
	They are rarely used for bathrooms under tiles. They contain polymers that can withstand significant linear vibrations.

General requirements for waterproofing a bathroom floor under tiles

Modern building technologies involve a wide range of applications for waterproofing materials. But professionals advise to use them very carefully, sometimes harmful consequences dominate over positive ones. What to look for when making a final decision?

The bathroom is a room with the most difficult operating conditions. High humidity has an extremely negative effect on all building materials and architectural structural elements. For the finishing coat of bathroom floors, ceramic tiles are most often used. This material is absolutely impermeable to moisture; if the installation technology is followed, additional waterproofing is not required. Modern grouting for tile joints is characterized by the same properties. Conclusion - if you laid the tiles correctly and carefully sealed the tile joints, then this is quite enough for normal waterproofing. Why is it still recommended to use it?

1. To minimize the consequences of emergency water breakthroughs. The bathroom has a lot of plumbing, connections, seals, etc. Each of them can suddenly fail, resulting in abundant leaks. Only general waterproofing can save the situation for a while. To do this, the bathroom floor must be below the hallway floor. If this requirement is not met, then the flooding of adjacent premises is inevitable and no amount of waterproofing will help.
2. When using the bathroom, tiles are sometimes mechanically damaged. Cracks in the tiles allow water to pass through, and this can cause water to penetrate the base of the flooring. The optimal solution is the timely replacement of damaged tiles. But not in all cases this can be done in the shortest possible time; for the period before replacement, the floor tightness is ensured by waterproofing.

This is what the current regulations recommend. In practice, waterproofing is often used everywhere for only one purpose - to increase the estimated cost of construction. Developers should be aware that applying waterproofing under the tiles in the bathroom without fulfilling the preconditions is ineffective in terms of protecting structures from moisture. The application of various mastics to the base is not an initial stage, but the final operation in a whole complex of special construction measures to protect structures from moisture penetration.

Step-by-step instructions for applying waterproofing

Before applying waterproofing, it is necessary to carry out preparatory work, due to which the quality and reliability are significantly increased. As a baseline, we take into account that the floor level in the bathroom is lower than the floor level with adjacent rooms. The screed is made taking into account the requirements of building codes and regulations. Modern cement-based mastic will be used for waterproofing. This material meets the existing requirements in all its indicators.

Step 1. Preparation of the base. A very important point, you should not try to save time and do waterproofing immediately for an unprepared foundation.

Important! Moisten them with plenty of water before filling the gaps. Use a household spray gun or ordinary brush for this.

Step 2. Carefully study the instructions for using waterproofing. Prepare your tools. You will need a container for the material, a roller and a brush, an assembly knife, and a drill with a mixing attachment. It is recommended to work with gloves on.

Step 3. Proceed with the corners and outlets of the sewer pipes, if any in the floor. We have already mentioned that these places require the utmost attention. To seal the catch, you need to use elastic tape for the seams. The width of the tape, depending on the manufacturer, is about 10 cm, the material is sold in rolls 2–2.5 m long. The tape is made on the basis of a plastic mesh, which is used when plastering vertical surfaces. A waterproof polymer or synthetic rubber pad is glued to the mesh. Thanks to the use of modern technologies, it is possible to obtain a durable and flexible material with a fairly high elasticity. Such indicators allow the elastic tape to compensate for possible vibrations of surfaces without violating its integrity, which is very important during waterproofing of a bathroom under floor tiles.

The tape must be glued in this sequence.

1. Measure the distance between the opposite walls, make a margin for hem at the corners. The amount of fold on each side must be at least ten centimeters. Cut off the excess with ordinary scissors or an assembly knife.

Practical advice! Try to use a whole piece of tape on each wall. Plan your cutting in such a way as to minimize waste of material. Remember that each additional seam on the tape increases the chance of leaks.

When preparing the material, respect the proportions of water and dry component. First, you always need to pour water into the container, and then add the dry mixture to it. It is recommended to mix with a drill with a mixing nozzle at low speeds, at high speeds, air bubbles are formed. The time of the first mixing is at least five minutes, this is the only way to achieve the complete disappearance of lumps. After the first stirring, the mixture should stand for 10-15 minutes, then work again with a mixer. Apply the mastic very carefully, do not leave gaps. The length of the section to be prepared depends on two factors - the speed of drying of the mastic and the professional skills of the performer. The first data is indicated on the packaging, and the second is determined by the practical experience of the master.

1. Fold the tape in half on a flat surface. This is done in order to facilitate its installation in the corner of the abutment. Apply the tape to fresh mastic and press firmly into the mortar. Be sure to even out folds and sharp bends. Do not forget to make transitions from one wall to another in the corners. Along the edges of the tape there are mesh strips free of fillers, through which a waterproofer should appear.
2. After the tape has been installed along the entire length of one wall, apply a second layer of waterproofing to it. The rubberized or polymer strip may not close a second time, but this is optional.

Step 4. Proceed with the first coat of waterproofing coat. This can be done with a wide spatula or a hard-bristled brush. The main condition is that the mastic should not only cover the entire surface without gaps, but also rub into it as hard as possible.

Practical advice! Each manufacturer indicates on the packaging the rate of material consumption per square meter. As practice shows, the actual consumption increases by about 15–20%, keep this in mind when purchasing mastic. Do not allow a break in work due to a lack of material, this situation has an extremely negative effect on the quality of waterproofing.

Step 5. After applying the first layer, you need to give it time to set. Most materials take 6-12 hours to complete. Specific parameters depend on the thickness of the mastic, humidity and temperature in the room, the presence of natural ventilation. Before applying the second coat, check the hardness of the first one. The mastic should be able to withstand the weight of a person without any problems, deflections and dents are not allowed. If the mastic is not hard enough, then it is strictly forbidden to start applying the second layer.

It is better to move the brush during the second application perpendicular to the first one, due to this, the tightness of the base under the tiles is improved. You can start laying the tiles no earlier than 24 hours after the completion of the waterproofing work. Tile laying is carried out according to all well-known technologies and has no differences.

Waterproofing under the slab with polyurethane mastics

In terms of quality, the materials differ little from those previously described based on cement, but there are certain nuances in the application technology. Polyurethane mastics create seamless coatings, have universal use and meet the requirements of regulations for the installation of floors in rooms with high humidity. The preparation of the screed surface is the same as for other types of waterproofing. Further work is performed according to this algorithm.

Step 1. Surface priming. A special two-component primer is used. Pour the contents of the small into a large container and mix the ingredients thoroughly. The drill should have a minimum speed, stir until the solution is completely homogeneous.

Practical advice! If there are cracks or critical irregularities on the surface of the screed, then they can be repaired with a primer. Pour some of the material into a separate container and add dry, sifted sand until a thick consistency is obtained. The resulting solution has high mechanical strength and at the same time does not allow water to pass through.

The repair compound is applied to the surface with a spatula; after completion of work to eliminate surface defects, the areas must dry for at least two hours.

Step 2. Pour the primer onto the floor and rub it evenly into the cement-sand screed. The thickness of the layer is about 0.2 mm, divide the bathroom into zones, start finishing the floor from the extreme wall and gradually move towards the exit. Do not forget to finish with a primer and walls around the perimeter of the bath, the height of the coating should be several centimeters higher than the width of the elastic tape for the seams.

Step 3. Stir the polymer waterproofer thoroughly and start applying it to the coating. It is recommended to work with a roller and a brush. With the help of a roller, the flat areas of the screed are trimmed, and the joints and other hard-to-reach places are smeared with a brush. The consumption of the first layer is up to 700 g / m 2, but these indicators may vary depending on the specific brand of waterproofing and the actual characteristics of the screed. If you have a higher consumption, it's okay, you need to be on your guard if the consumption is much less than the recommended one, which means that the layer thickness does not correspond to the recommended values.

Step 4. After the first layer has dried, you can start finishing the surface a second time. The technological break is 4-6 hours, the specific values ​​depend on the manufacturer and the baseline conditions. Prepare the material for use and apply it using the same technology. Some well-known manufacturers produce the same waterproofer with different colors. This greatly simplifies the quality control of coatings. The first layer is most often black, and the second - any light. This contrast makes it possible to control not only the gaps of the second coating, but also its thickness. If the black color does not show through, everything is fine. If in some areas black color is noticeable, then it is necessary to increase the thickness of the second layer.

Step 5. Until the second layer of mastic has hardened, it should be sprinkled with dry sifted sand. Sand consumption 1.5–2.0 kg / m 2, fraction size 0.3–0.8 mm. It is not necessary to immerse the sand in the mastic.

Step 6. Allow time for complete polymerization of the mastic and remove loose sand from the surface with a broom. The presence of glued sand on the surface of the mastic significantly increases the coefficient of adhesion of the coating with tile adhesive. We recommend using this technology in all cases when the tile adhesive has direct contact with polymer substrates.

Prices for popular types of polyurethane mastic

polyurethane mastic

As you know, the bathroom has a special microclimate: humidity, high temperature, constant steam generation, dampness. All this does not in the best way affect the beautifully laid tiles, as well as other design elements, provoking the appearance of fungus or mold between the seams. The question arises, do you need waterproofing in the bathroom?

Besides, this is far from the only problem. You also run the risk of flooding your neighbors living in an adjacent apartment on the floor below: moisture seeping through microcracks will leave wet spots on the ceiling. Waterproofing bathroom walls and floors is the best solution. By the way, you can make your own bath waterproofing.

Special mixtures, coating mastic and other materials for waterproofing the bathroom

What materials should you use? For waterproofing the bathroom, you need the most durable, moisture-proof materials. There are two types of compositions: coating or gluing.

Materials of the first type are made from oxidized bitumen, which is diluted with various fillers (plasticizer, rubber crumb, latex) and an organic solvent is added thereto. However, such a base is applied at a temperature of 120 degrees Celsius, which is very inconvenient for work. Also, being in the cold, the material becomes more fragile. At the moment, the most common material for coating waterproofing of a bathroom is a material made on a bitumen-rubber or bitumen-polymer base.

Materials of the second type can be purchased in ready-made rolls, as well as in the form of films with an adhesive base. Polyester and fiberglass are modern synthetic substances used in the manufacture of gluing materials. At first glance, it seems that this type of work is much easier: cover the room with foil and that's it. However, as you know, there are disadvantages everywhere. It is believed that it is better to carry out the process of waterproofing bathrooms with the help of lubricants.

It is necessary to choose the material, taking into account the various parameters and individual characteristics of your particular bathroom: the presence of a pool of any size, temperature regime for heating the floor or walls, a compartment for a shower cabin, etc.

Waterproofing the wooden floor in the bathroom, and concrete; ordinary walls, and covered with plasterboard

Now let's consider how to make waterproofing in the bathroom. Before proceeding with the process of waterproofing the bathroom under the tiles, it is necessary to carry out preparatory work so that later not to redo everything again. The walls and the floor must be perfectly flat, without any protrusions, therefore it is necessary to grind them, having previously cleaned the surface from construction debris, dust, paint.

Then you need to start the priming process using waterproofing paint. However, if the walls and floors in the bathroom are made of plasterboard, it is necessary to take care of increased waterproofing so that the glue does not lose its basic properties. In order to protect the drywall sheets from moisture, you need to: wrap it with a special waterproofing membrane on all sides or treat it with mastic.

The day before the installation is carried out, the sheet must be treated several times with a water-repellent liquid: this, first of all, will help to increase the resistance to moisture two to three times.

In order to process the bathroom with roll material, you need to take a piece of a given size, warm up the bitumen base, remove the protective film and glue the entire floor well using a special alignment roller (one section should be rolled over several times). If you nevertheless decide to use exactly the coating materials for waterproofing, you need to start by preparing the solution. Then, using a spatula, roller or brush, evenly apply the resulting mass on the floor and walls.

Is waterproofing necessary for a bathroom in a multi-storey building, and a wooden one; under the screed, and under the tiles?

As for the bathroom in a wooden house, then special attention should be paid to waterproofing. It is also important that waterproofing is done in the bathroom in a wooden house. All this is because when wooden surfaces come into contact with water, mold and even rotting of the material can form. In wooden buildings, it is also worth performing waterproofing of the ceiling in the bathroom, because condensation can spoil the wood and lead to its rotting.

Often in a wooden house, waterproofing is performed by using special hydrophobic paints and varnishes. They prevent damage to wooden surfaces.

What type of waterproofing would be preferable for a bathroom?

The choice of one or another method of waterproofing the bathroom floor depends on two factors:

• grounds. Most often it is cement-sandy, or concrete;
• bathroom equipment - is there a shower compartment, heated floor.

In standard bathrooms, where there is a low level of humidity and a small area of ​​\ u200b \ u200bthe tiling, it is recommended to use a synthetic resin-based moisture protection tape. This waterproofing of the bathroom floor, the materials of which are only 1 mm thick, will practically not affect the level of the flooring in it. One day after the completion of the work, you can start facing the surface.

If the bathroom has underfloor heating, or sheathing with large-sized tiles, insulation on an elastic cement base will be preferable. The layer will be 2-4 mm thick, so it will take some time to dry.

Is it permissible to lay the tiles directly on the waterproofing?

Waterproofing under the tiles is carried out on a pre-cleaned concrete base, without any crevices or cracks. Further, the floor and walls are treated with a primer and an insulating coating is applied in the sequence recommended by the manufacturer. It should completely cover the floor, covering 10-20 cm of the bottom of the walls. This will protect their joints from moisture seepage.

Those who first made the screed, and then the moisture protection, are interested in the question: is it possible to put tiles on waterproofing? In this case, the reinforcing mesh should be pulled over the insulating layer and the screed should be poured, and then the tiles should be laid on it. The screed should not be too thin, otherwise cracks will quickly appear on it.

Instead of a screed, you can use gypsum fiber sheets, which are attached to the floor with dowels.

What materials are best used for waterproofing bathroom walls?

In order for the waterproofing of the walls in the bathroom to be of high quality and reliable, it is better to use cement-polymer mixtures. Bitumen-based materials are less expensive but can flake off over time.

When waterproofing the floor, as well as waterproofing the walls of the bathroom under the tiles, the pipe exit points and corners should be especially carefully processed. The joints of the floor and walls, the corners are additionally glued with a sealed waterproofing tape. In the places where the pipes exit, special cuffs are put on them.

Before waterproofing, all surfaces must be primed (this will improve their adhesion to the material).

To make the waterproofing of the bathroom walls under the tiles more reliable, it can be additionally reinforced with a reinforcing mesh, which is often used in construction and renovation. It will improve the adhesion between the waterproofing material and the under-tile screed.

In what sequence is the waterproofing of the bathroom floor carried out?

Lubricating waterproofing for a bathroom consists of dry and liquid components. To prepare the mixture, they are taken in equal proportions and mixed until smooth. Using a roller, this waterproofing compound is applied to a pre-primed floor and 15-20 cm walls. In hard-to-reach places, you can use a spatula or brush.

This is the first, base layer of moisture protection. When it dries, a waterproofing tape is laid at the joints of the floor and wall. This will further strengthen these joints, since they are the most vulnerable to moisture. Then, at least 5 hours later, a second, finishing layer of moisture-proof composition is applied. One day after the second layer has dried, you can proceed to further work.

The consumption of the waterproofing mixture is 2-3 kg / m. sq. (it depends on the manufacturer), it is better to buy it with a small margin.

What is the best way to waterproof a bathroom in a wooden house?

High humidity provokes rotting of the tree, and excessive dryness - the formation of cracks in it. Correct waterproofing of the bathroom in a wooden house will help to avoid this.

The method and materials for moisture protection are selected based on the condition of the floor. Previously, its surface should be thoroughly cleaned, cracks and cracks should be sealed with wood mastic. Next, the flooring must be treated with an anti-mold agent and primed, and the formation of a waterproofing layer can begin.

The most reliable and durable will be a pasting method of moisture protection using a multi-layer waterproofing carpet. It consists of sheet or roll materials that are glued to the floor using bitumen mastic.

Among the disadvantages of this method are the high price and complexity of execution, but they are leveled by the excellent performance characteristics of such a floor.

What is the best way to insulate the cable underfloor heating in the bathroom?

Do-it-yourself waterproofing device in a bathroom with a warm floor. It is necessary to start with the design, during which it is necessary to outline the cable connection points, the location of the thermostat and sensors. Work on the arrangement of a warm floor is carried out in the following sequence:

• the concrete surface is cleaned of dust, all cracks and irregularities are eliminated;
• a layer of waterproofing is laid (it is preferable to use roll materials that are glued with bitumen mastic);
• filling the screed;
• installation of underfloor heating system and connection of sensors;
• pouring the finishing layer of the screed, which will completely cover the cables of the floor heating system;
• installation of flooring;

At least 30 days should elapse from the waterproofing of the bathroom floor and the installation of the floor covering to the first turn on of the warm floor. During this period, all layers will dry out and will not subsequently crack.

When repairing a bathroom, the bathroom must be waterproofed under the tiles, which is best done with the involvement of a qualified specialist.

If this is not possible and the work is planned to be done independently, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the requirements for moisture protection, materials and methods that are used for these purposes. We examined all these points in our article, and also gave the procedure for performing the work, focusing on the nuances of the preparation and application of each of the popular types of waterproofing.

Correct implementation of waterproofing allows you to protect the finish of floors, ceilings and walls from the destructive effects of moisture, prevents mold damage, and provides protection against flooding of the premises located below.

In order for waterproofing to successfully cope with these tasks, it is necessary to ensure that it meets certain requirements.

• quick application of the product will allow you to form a complete coating and prevent cracks and cracks;
• minimum intervals between coats- each subsequent one should be laid immediately after the previous one has dried, which will provide the best adhesion;
• compliance with the recommended overlap parameters when laying roll sources with the output of insulation on the walls when creating moisture protection of the floor.

In addition to the above, it is recommended to use a primer, which saves on the number of sources and improves adhesion to the insulated surface. Before carrying out work, it is necessary to clean the surface as much as possible. We provide detailed instruction on the general waterproofing of the bathroom on our own.

For partial tiling, complete insulation is not required. The hydro-barrier is created near the bathroom, sink, and in the combined bathrooms - on the wall adjacent to the toilet

If it is not possible to completely isolate the bathroom, you can limit yourself to the areas most exposed to water, which suffer more from dampness than others.

Types of waterproof materials for the bathroom

There is no shortage of special moisture protection products on the shelves of hardware stores. It will be difficult for an ignorant buyer to make a choice if you do not know their types and purpose.

Basically, materials are divided into components that are used for their manufacture, structure, specific properties:

• mastic applied by coating surfaces;
• roll fixtures which are applied by pasting;
• pastes and liquid products;
• penetrating mixtures used for application on porous substrates.

In addition to the listed materials, powder mixtures are suitable for moisture protection of the bath, designed to create waterproofing solutions by dilution.

In case of unevenness on the walls, you can use a special plaster, in addition to resistance to the effects of a wet environment, it will ensure the leveling of the surface. Finally, for the same purposes, a polymer or rubber film is often recommended, which is applied by spraying and forms a powerful barrier after drying.

When choosing a suitable insulator, it is necessary to be guided by the recommendations of the instructions, which usually indicate the scope of a particular agent. The materials recommended for indoor use should be chosen.

Tile barrier for floor and walls

Waterproofing walls and floors can be done with any compound, but it has its own nuances. Walls usually do not require high moisture insulation. Paul, on the other hand, needs more protection.

Optimal floor materials

To protect the floor from the harmful effects of a wet environment, protective equipment is combined with a screed. Roll insulators are laid under it. They are easy to use - special adhesive strips are provided for bonding individual strips.

An alternative to these are putty mastics, which benefit in durability and efficiency. They are applied under and over the screed and combine well with penetrating mixtures. The combination of such a mastic, applied under the screed, with penetrating impregnation on top of it, can provide the most effective hydro-barrier.

Wall Barrier Options

It is easier to choose materials for the walls. Any of the compounds listed above can be used to protect against moisture penetration. If you plan to do the work yourself, you should choose what is easiest to apply / use.

When the material factor is important, cost savings will be provided by one-component mixtures that are diluted with water and are inexpensive. Two-component ones involve the use of polymer emulsions and are more expensive.

Lubricating mixtures provide effective protection of surfaces from moisture, retain the specified properties for many years

As in relation to the floor under the tiles on the walls, it is usually recommended to use coating or impregnating mixtures, which are easy to apply on their own, do not burden the budget with significant costs.

Possible waterproofing methods

When working with any protective means, preliminary leveling of surfaces and their priming is often required. After the composition has dried, you can proceed to the main work. If the isolation will be carried out independently, it is advisable to select the most affordable technologies that do not require special equipment and special skills.

Method # 1 - applying coating mastics

In the presence of irregularities, the base is leveled, which ensures that the tiles are laid without distortions at the final stages of work

Among the most popular options are usually polymer mixtures, polymer-cement and bitumen. They easily penetrate pores, isolate cracks, and form an effective moisture barrier that does not crack for many years.

The advantage of such mixtures is the ease of use:

• before application, the floor or walls are cleaned of dust and debris, if necessary, leveled, moistened or treated with a primer that increases adhesion;
• the dry mixture needs to be diluted with water at a temperature not less than room temperature, in the ratio indicated in the instructions;
• the composition is thoroughly mixed with water until uniform, let it brew for up to 5 minutes, then mix again and begin to apply.

The mastic is spread over the surface in two layers immediately after the last mixing. After the first, the corners are glued with a special tape, which is carefully pressed into the insulation and straightened.

It prevents the penetration of wet media, allows you to maintain an integral barrier, which is especially important in corners and at joints.

After completing the application of the first layer of insulation using this type of material, reinforcement with a mesh is performed and another one is laid on top, repeating the procedure from the beginning. It is important to completely cover the previous layer.

Method # 2 - treatment with an impregnating compound

Impregnating compounds are mixtures that penetrate deep into the structure, completely fill all cavities, strengthen, form a strong hydro-barrier, increasing the level of surface hydrophobicity.

These can be polymers, bituminous compounds, water glass and other options. Just as in the previous case, the base is cleaned and primed.

And then they do the following:

1. Dry compositions are diluted according to the manual for half an hour of work, after which the mixture dries up and becomes unusable.
2. After applying and drying the first layer, the base is re-processed. To apply the mixture, you can use a roller or a brush, depending on the consistency.
3. When the work is over, the surfaces are given time to dry. This may take several days, depending on the composition.

Bituminous compositions without certain additives can be hazardous to health, since they emit hazardous substances, therefore, it is recommended to choose polymer

An additional advantage of any penetrating composition is the ability to use it to restore the integrity of old insulation, which has lost its original characteristics.

Method # 3 - using roll materials

In this case, you can use several options for roll products. Fiberglass insulators are durable, insensitive to decay, but are expensive, require careful installation, and are easily damaged.

Rolls of roofing material or glassine are cheaper, but they quickly deteriorate.

Depending on the complexity and equipment used, three laying technologies are distinguished:

• fasteners- rolls are laid on the floor and fixed with special fasteners, which are then additionally insulated;
• - it creates a certain temperature regime necessary in order to weld the applied coating;
• adhesives or polymer-bitumen mixtures, the latter form additional protection against moisture.

Fasteners and heat gun options are not often used for waterproofing a bathroom.

The best way is gluing, which is available to non-professionals and does not require special equipment. Before starting work, check whether the surfaces require leveling. If necessary, make a concrete screed. The joints are then rounded to help prevent cracking.

After standard cleaning, drying and priming, they start laying the material:

• the rolls are cut into pieces of the required length, the rolled strips are treated with diesel oil for greater elasticity and kept in this position for a day;
• the screed from above is treated with a coating or adhesive and overlapped rolls are applied according to the manufacturer's recommendations;
• if bubbles appear, they are opened, the edges of the incision are treated with mastic and glued again, carefully smoothing.

At the meeting point of the wall with the floor, the rolls are bent and placed on the walls up to 15 cm, which ensures the reliability of waterproofing.

Method # 4 - applying waterproofing plaster

The variant with the creation of plaster moisture protection involves the use of polymer additives that increase the hydrophobicity of the base. The technology almost does not differ from the application of coating mixtures.

Plaster waterproofing is multifunctional, it not only forms a stable barrier to moisture, but also eliminates irregularities that are critical when gluing tiles

After the necessary surface preparation, sealing tapes are glued at the corners and joints. Then the prepared solution is applied in 2-3 layers in different directions. For example, the first with vertically directed movements, the second with horizontal movements.

Features of waterproofing a wooden room

For a bathroom whose walls and floors are made of wood, you cannot use all the options discussed above. Let's figure out how to properly implement moisture protection in such rooms.

How to properly protect wood floors?

It is not recommended to use insulation with concrete screed for a bathroom in wooden buildings. It increases the load on the foundation and increases heat loss. For this reason, the main way of arranging the floor is a lagged one, which, if necessary, is insulated, observing the correct technology. Read about floor insulation along the logs.

Even at the planning stage of the house, you should provide for the flooring in the bathroom below the general level by about 10 centimeters. This will create the necessary barrier to the penetration of water into other rooms in the event of a leak.

In this case, one of the most common field isolation options is coating.

The lagged version of the floor involves the coating insulation of the foundation and the use of moisture-resistant insulation in the cavities between the lags

Before applying the mastic, preliminary preparation is required:

• all cracks, holes are sealed with special mastic for wood;
• the floor is thoroughly cleaned;
• treated with antiseptic impregnation, which will prevent mold;
• the obligatory stage of preparation remains the primer, which increases the adhesion with the insulator.

If necessary, leveling can be applied to sheets with a cement-bonded particle base, which are laid in two layers. When the preparation is over, the floor is given time to dry, and the main work begins. First of all, all joints are insulated with a special tape.

Next, using a roller, lay the first layer, use a spatula or brush in the corners. After it dries, which takes about 6 hours, the second layer is applied strictly perpendicular to the first. During the day, the insulation is dried, then tiling work is performed.

Create a barrier for wooden walls

As in the case of the floor, the walls must be pre-treated with an antiseptic, the existing cracks must be sealed with mastic. The surface can be treated with wax, which will protect the wood from deep penetration of moisture.

In the latter case, the work is done as follows:

• before application, leveling of the surface will be required, which is achieved with the help of plaster on the beacons using a level;
• the corners are also insulated with tape;
• The mastic is applied with a brush or a wide-profile spatula.

If partial laying of the tiles is planned, the areas in the area of ​​\ u200b \ u200bthe sink, toilet and bathroom are coated with three layers of mastic. Each of them is applied after the previous one has dried. The tiles are laid on completely dried insulation.

The walls in the bathroom of a wooden structure can be insulated with any material, including rolled material, but plastering mastics are most often used

Correctly applied high-quality waterproofing materials will provide reliable protection of walls and floors from moisture. But to achieve maximum results, it is equally important to use reliable sealants.

When planning a bathroom waterproofing, it is necessary to determine not only the types of relevant materials, but also the brands. There is no shortage of such compositions on the shelves of construction stores, but, as a rule, imported ones remain of the highest quality.

In order to avoid mistakes, it is best to listen to the recommendations of experts. Specialist store sellers can usually provide helpful advice, where staff are selected based on relevant experience.

The bathroom has a special microclimate - high humidity, constant steam generation, temperature drops. Therefore, for finishing floors, walls and ceilings, specialized materials are being developed that can maintain their characteristics in these extreme conditions.

Such qualities are possessed by ceramic tiles, the manufacturers of which have taken care of protection from moisture. The weak point of this method of decoration is the tile joints, through which water and condensate adhere to the capital ceilings, leading them to destruction. Therefore, even if ceramic tiles are used, the bathroom needs high-quality waterproofing.

Hydro barrier creation

Waterproofing is a system of measures for organizing a hydro-barrier between the final coating of walls, ceiling and floor using materials that do not allow water to pass through. Based on what materials are used, the following types of waterproofing are distinguished:

Choosing a waterproofing method

The room, which will be finished with ceramic tiles, can be created using different materials and technologies. Each of the possible methods has its pros and cons:

Mounting method	Advantages	Difficulties
Dyeing	A smooth, mildew-resistant waterproofing layer forms on the surface to be treated	Short service life, 5-7 years depending on operating conditions, pungent odor during application, incompatibility with "warm" floor
Coating	On the surface of the walls and floor of the drying cement-polymer mortar, you can immediately apply tile adhesive, which has excellent adhesion due to the porosity of the layer	A thick layer of the mixture hides several square meters of the bathroom. The solution is quick-drying, so styling is done promptly
Pasting	Affordable price. A relatively thin layer of waterproofing.	A burner is required for installation. In small, unventilated rooms, installation is not possible due to the risk of fire and toxic poisoning.
Fill	Waterproofing is reliable, integral, monolithic. Does not require screed to be poured before tiling	High price. Raising the floor level due to the layer thickness

In any case, the choice of the technology for applying waterproofing depends on the specific conditions: the equipment that will be installed in the bathroom, temperature, humidity, the material from which the floor is made.

An important point is that it is unacceptable to combine ceramic tiles with waterproofing made of polyethylene film, even the densest of them are not protected from mechanical damage, they are not able to ensure reliable fastening of the decorative coating.

Preparation for work

Before installing the waterproofing, you need to do some serious preparation. To achieve good results, it is best to follow the following plan:

• Dismantle the worn out floor covering, removing everything up to the concrete floor slab, eliminate debris;
• Level the floor with concrete or wood mastic, seal up all existing cracks, holes and chips;
• Make wet cleaning of walls and floors, clean from dirt and dust;
• Cover the surface with a primer with a wide brush or roller;
• Leave the primer to dry completely, during which it is better to close the room to avoid the penetration of dust, debris and water;
• Seal the joints and pipes in the areas where the tiles will be laid with protective tape.

If, where it is planned to lay ceramic tiles, they have a wooden base, in addition to the described procedures, they should also be treated with an antiseptic, a fire retardant, a protective compound against bark beetles or a complex preparation that combines these functions.

Installation by painting method

Professional finishers apply paint waterproofing before installing decorative karmic tiles. Firstly, this option is versatile, it is suitable for bathroom floors and walls. The work is carried out according to the following scheme:

1. The one-component mastic is diluted with a solvent to the required consistency, usually it is achieved at a ratio of 1: 1. If you use low-octane gasoline, the composition will acquire a pungent, toxic odor, and the use of a more expensive organic solvent is completely safe;
2. The first layer is applied with a wide brush on the floor surface, going up to the walls by 20 cm, "wet zones", plumbing connection points;
3. After drying, apply the second layer, working with a brush in the direction perpendicular to the first;
4. Until the mastic has completely hardened, it is sprinkled with quartz sand, fine and dry, for better adhesion of the glue. Excess dust is removed with a brush;
5. These activities are followed by tiling.

The most obvious way to find out if the waterproofing is frozen and whether it is possible to apply the next layer is to touch it with your fingers, they should not stick to the treated surface.

Installation by pasting method

Of course, using roofing material as a waterproofing of a bathroom is not the best option, but modern materials based on synthetic rubber are easy to install and effective. The sequence of work looks like this:

1. After the preparatory stage of work, the rolls are rolled out and allowed to straighten, cut out;
2. Coat the surface on which the waterproofing is mounted with bitumen-based mastic;
3. The cut strips are laid, overlapping each one on the next by 100-150 mm;
4. With a gas burner or a special hair dryer, the temperature of the floor and walls is raised to 50 degrees. The heated rubber acquires elasticity, and the mastic sticks;
5. Joints, seams are coated with mastic for additional protection. When the surface hardens, a primer is applied, followed by fixing the ceramic tiles with a special glue.

An important nuance - they begin to lay the sheets from the walls, creating bends of the edges upwards by 20-30 cm; it is unacceptable to place joints or seams in the corners!

The goals of waterproofing works

The main task of waterproofing work before installing ceramic tiles is to protect the flooring material in the event of adverse consequences of water penetration, which include:

• The appearance and spread of mold, which is a threat to the safety of the finishing of the bathroom, to the health of the family. After the appearance of mold, it is difficult to get rid of it, so it is better to provide for preventive waterproofing;
• Destruction of building materials. Wooden floors suffer from excess moisture, since dampness is a favorable environment for the development of putrefactive microorganisms. However, concrete under the influence of water breaks down, however, more slowly;
• Water seepage into lower floors or basement as a result of accidental leaks. The risk of damage to the washing machine or a breach in the water supply cannot be ruled out, therefore, the bathroom is equipped with a hydro-barrier that will withstand the incoming volume of water without the threat of seepage into the thickness of the ceiling.

A little secret - in order to prevent the flow of water from getting out of the bathroom, lower the floor level in it by 5-8 cm lower than in other rooms, and separate it with a threshold.

Waterproofing the floors and walls of the bathroom before installing the decorative coating will help to better protect it from high humidity, protect the floors from deformation and create a healthy microclimate.

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