Types of water-based paints: advantages and disadvantages. Water-based paint: technical characteristics, manufacturers, composition Water-based paint technical characteristics

Nowadays, water-based paints are gaining popularity. This is due to their practicality and low cost. In addition, it is easy to apply to the cleaned surface, so even a beginner can use it. The material does not have such an unpleasant odor as others, so it can be safely used for interior work. Its use will not cause any discomfort. From this article you can find out what types of water-based paint are, and what are the characteristics of each.

Advantages and technical characteristics of water-based paints

The composition of the water emulsion contains components such as latex, antiseptic, fillers and thickeners. The material consumption is not too large and is 250 grams per 1 square meter. Sometimes it may be necessary to apply multiple coats. Their number depends on how much the surface is prone to absorption.

The viscosity changes depending on the way the product is applied to the surface. If the water-based paint is applied to the surface with a brush, then its viscosity is 40-45, but if a spray gun is used for work, then this indicator varies between 20 and 25.

The coating dries up within 20 hours, but sometimes this figure can be less. Store the jar with water emulsion away from sunlight in a cool place.

Water-based paint has become highly demanded due to the following qualities:

Lack of unpleasant chemical odor during painting;
Fast and easy application;
Low price;
Long period of operation without cracking and flaking;
The ability to create any color using the color scheme.

But all these qualities are available only for the material that meets the requirements of GOST.

The main varieties of water-based paints

Since they contain a variety of polymers, it is possible to divide all water-based paints into several types:

Polyvinyl acetate;
Silicate;
Acrylic;
Silicone.

Consumers, in view of such a huge variety, have a fair question about the choice. Further, all these types will be considered from the point of view of application and the presence of disadvantages.

Polyvinyl acetate water-based paint

Water-based polyvinyl acetate paint is perfect for all interior work, whether painting walls or ceilings. The basis for it is PVA.

The main advantages of this type are:

No components harmful to human health, complete explosion and fire safety.
Used for painting porous surfaces.
Relatively low cost.
Fast drying.
When added with special substances, it gives a glossy or matte effect.
This type is the best water-based paint for wood.

Along with the mass of advantages, there are disadvantages that can be identified with improper use:

Weak durability, therefore, the possibility of painting it is considered only in dry rooms.
Susceptibility to moisture, as a result of which, finishing with such paint is possible only inside the house.

Important! Do not paint metal surfaces with PVA paint.

Its consumption depends on the shade: light will need 250 grams per 1 sq. m, and dark 150 grams for the same area.

This type of finishing material is produced in accordance with GOST, but it is also possible to voluntarily certify the material, but only in accordance with the existing GOST. In any case, the manufacturer must have a certificate for this type of water-based paint.

Silicate water-based paint

This type is a solution of liquid glass with all kinds of additives. It is suitable for both indoor and outdoor use. Silicate water emulsion is resistant to temperature and humidity changes, has a long service life without constant renewal.

Basically, this type is used for painting damp rooms inside the house, as well as facades of buildings that are affected by groundwater. The coating is breathable with high vapor and air permeability.

Acrylic water-based paint

This type of water emulsion occupies a leading position in the construction market, since the acrylic resins included in its composition have a number of advantages. But acrylic paint is noticeably more expensive than all other types.

Features of water-based acrylic paint:

It is used for painting walls and ceilings and all related interior work.
It is irreplaceable when painting facades of concrete and brick buildings.
Suitable for decorating plastered walls. But such work must be carried out a month after the end of the work with the plaster, so that the surface has time to harden.
Protects reinforced concrete from corrosion due to low gas permeability.
Not suitable for painting damp indoor surfaces.

Now they also produce similar in quality, but noticeably cheap analogs: styrene-acrylic, vinyl acrylic and acrylosilicone solutions. A small visual announcement of the material can be viewed at the link:

Washable paint based on latex or silicone

This type is perfect for any damp room or where constant wet cleaning is required using sponges and brushes. This coating is resistant to regular brushing, which is possible due to its use in the production of latex.

Latex water-based paint is the most expensive among water-based paint due to its water-repellent properties, but at the same time good vapor permeability. In addition, such formulations are capable of bridging small cracks in the surface, which can exclude pre-leveling.

Silicone also has similar properties to latex, due to the presence of silicone in the composition. Such paints actively fight the fungus, which often appears in wet rooms, and prevent its reappearance.

Separately, one can single out another type of water-based paints, which is gradually becoming less and less popular - these are mineral. They include cement or hydrated lime. The main purpose of such compositions is to paint concrete and brick surfaces. The main disadvantage of this type of water-based paints is a relatively short service life.

Criteria for choosing water-based paints

Since in the manufacture of water-based paints it is not necessary to use complex mechanisms and rare substances, there are many manufacturers who, using the ease of production, make low-quality products. The main rule when choosing this product is a manufacturer who has been in production for a long time. Tex water-based paint is very popular, it received a lot of positive feedback from repair masters and simply those who are engaged in finishing repairs on their own. Such products have a certificate of conformity to GOST.

There must be a mark on the bank stating that the material complies with GOST. This is an indicator that this finishing material is not a fake and its production was carried out under strict control.

The choice of material for a certain type of work occurs by marking on the container. First, they write on the bank abbreviated as water-dispersed (VD), after these letters there is the designation of the polymer that is in the composition, and the number after it just indicates the purpose of the product:

External work;
Internal work.

You can get confused among the variety of finishing materials on the construction market. But, if you have chosen a water-based paint, then after reading this article, you can find out about its types and the scope of work for which this or that type is intended. Water-based paint is an excellent solution for both exterior and interior work. It is only necessary to choose the right type of it, having carefully studied the composition and the information that is indicated on the package.

People have long been using water-based paint for walls in interior design and for outdoor work. Water emulsion began to rapidly gain popularity. This paint consists of water, small polymer particles, fillers, additives and pigments.

Coating features

Water-based acrylic paint can be called universal: it can be used to decorate any surface. It is applied to the following materials:

brick;
wood;
drywall;
concrete;
wallpaper for painting.

Each type of paint has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Types of material

Water-based solutions are divided into several categories.

Acrylic composition

The most popular type of coating, which is used very often. This water-based paint for walls and ceilings is resistant to various influences due to the presence of acrylic resins in the composition. When dirty, the surface is easy to clean, so this composition will be ideal for offices and residential premises.

Coating features:

Silicone resin based material suitable for application to any mineral coating. TO

the main advantage is the elasticity of the composition. Cracks up to 2 mm are painted over. The silicone composition is distinguished by its vapor permeability.

Such paints can be used in a room with high humidity: in the kitchen, bathroom, shower, basement. Due to the filling of irregularities and roughness, the material is resistant to mechanical and temperature influences, moisture. It can even be applied to plaster without first priming the walls.

Silicate look

This water-based interior paint consists of an aqueous solution, colored pigments and water glass. There is no film on the surface, instead of it there are strong chemical-physical bonds. They are resistant to weather and mechanical stress.

Manufacturers guarantee a long service life - up to 20 years. Suitable for finishing open terraces.

Attractive value for money. It is made on the basis of PVA, it is chosen for interior decoration.

There are many advantages:

fits well on plaster, cardboard, wood and other porous materials;
can be used in a room in need of an increased level of fire safety;
does not contain harmful components;
fast drying.

She does not have a very rich color palette, but this can be easily compensated for with the help of special colors that will give the composition any shade. The use of additives will help to obtain a glossy or matte finish..

Mineral and latex based

Mineral coloring composition contains hydrated lime and cement, suitable for

painting brick and concrete surfaces. The service life is not very long, therefore it has not been in particular demand lately.

If you need to create a surface that is not exposed to moisture, then you should choose washing options that contain latex. The coating will withstand a large number of wet cleaning, suitable for painting walls and ceilings in the kitchen and bathroom. The prices are average.

Latex compounds are good at repelling moisture and bridging large cracks well; before applying them, a particularly thorough surface preparation is not required.

Gloss degree

Water-based paint is also divided according to another indicator - according to the degree of gloss... Manufacturers offer:

glossy;
matte;
deep matte;
semi-matte (silky matte);
semi-gloss;
highly glossy.

Semi-gloss and glossy compositions are abrasion resistant when compared to matte options. They can be washed much more often, because the surface of such a material is even and absolutely smooth. Cleaning with a damp cloth does not change the texture, but the matte surface can be wiped off, and this will cause shiny unsightly spots that need to be painted over.

Before buying a material, you need to study its main characteristics - consumption, composition, drying time, storage conditions, specific gravity, shelf life. Each point needs to be given special attention..

Viscosity. This figure should be quite high. It is he who determines the degree of dilution of the composition with water (when applied with a brush, it fluctuates within + 40 ... + 45 ° С, and when using a spray gun + 20 ... + 25 ° С.
Consumption. Typically, 1 m² contains 150 g of products, 250 g if the coating is two-layer. Manufacturers may inadvertently mislead customers by indicating on their product that it has a consumption of 110-140 g. But these indicators usually correspond to ideal conditions: the walls should be plastered and completely smooth. But it directly depends on the surface roughness, material, painting method and absorbency. For example, it is more economical to apply with a roller than with a brush.
Expiration date - 2 years from the date of manufacture. It is worth observing the storage conditions: the place should be cool and dark, the composition should not be exposed to freezing.
Drying. Depends on air temperature and humidity. The optimum temperature is + 20 °, air humidity is 65%. Drying time ranges from 2 to 24 hours.

Quality and manufacturers

The high price is a clear sign of the quality of the water-based formulation.... It should be understood that 90% of materials and components for the material are imported from Europe, so the price for 1 liter cannot be lower than 70 rubles. A significant decrease in cost may indicate poor product quality.

The weight of the paint is also an indicator of quality. Its average density ranges from 1.35-1.5 kg per 1 liter, therefore, a 10 liter bucket cannot weigh less than 15 kg. It is better not to buy the composition in the winter on the open construction market: when it freezes, the paint loses its properties.

You need to choose a trusted manufacturer. The leader can be called Dulux, but Tikkurila also has good technical characteristics along with the highest quality. The compositions of the German Dufa also proved to be the best. And Johnstone's from the UK has a high price due to the excellent quality. From domestic products, Eurolux and Admiral are more often chosen. The price for such compositions is quite affordable, and the quality is up to the mark.

Surface painting technology

Usually, there are no significant problems with painting walls, and finishing the ceiling can be attributed to a more complex process in technical terms. Before work, it is required to prepare the surface: remove all the old coating, grind, level. Then the consumption of the coloring composition will be significantly reduced..

The water-based composition itself is often used as a primer, which is diluted by 40% with water, although experts advise using a primer for a certain type of surface.

The colored material must first be tested to determine what the color will actually be. To do this, just apply it in a thin layer on the wall and wait until it dries. Usually the color comes out 1-2 tones lighter than in a bucket. The difference is usually not significant.

The painting of the ceiling and walls begins from the far corner of the room from the window, then the remaining corners and joints are painted over. A 5 cm wide strip is applied along the perimeter of the ceiling, then you need to go to the spray gun or roller. To obtain an even color, you need to apply 2-3 thin coats - this is better than applying 1 thick coat.

Layers of paint are applied perpendicular to each other. The next layer is applied after the previous one has completely dried. The last layer is applied parallel to the light rays: due to this trick, small irregularities and errors are almost invisible. You can use textured glass wallpaper to eliminate possible problems. The woven textured surface will mask dyeing errors.

There is nothing difficult in painting walls and ceilings with water-based paint. The work does not take much time, and a beginner master can cope with it, if you approach the matter with full responsibility. With the help of a water-based coating, you can update your home interior in a short time.

Such a coloring matter is very quickly applied to the surface only if the enamel paint has not been previously applied to the surface. In addition, absolutely any paint can be applied to this type of composition. The composition of the water-based paint implies that it is not recommended to apply it on a metal surface, since water can provoke the onset of the corrosion process.

Characteristics of VD paint.

Before purchasing such a paint, you should pay attention to its characteristics: specific gravity, viscosity, composition, shelf life, storage conditions and drying time. Latex, filler, antiseptic and thickener can be found in the composition of water-based paint.

Viscosity is a measure of the degree of dilution of a colorant with water. The viscosity of such a paint is from 40 to 45 s, if used with a brush, and from 20 to 25 s. When used with a spray gun.

Depending on the manufacturer, the composition of the water-based paint may differ. The smallest particles of polymers that are in the composition of this substance are suspended in an aqueous medium. Manufacturers add various substances to these particles, which determine the brand of the coloring composition.

Depending on the state of the components added to the composition of the paint, its purpose may vary. To obtain a white saturated color, a white pigment is added to the dye. In the case of inexpensive formulations, chalk is used to obtain this color. For these purposes, different manufacturers can also use other fillers: mica, calcite, talc, and so on.

Composition of VD paint.

The composition of the water-based paint, as well as in, includes a thickener, which is necessary to create the desired consistency. Depending on the brand of the coloring matter, the proportions of some of the components that make up its composition change.

But ideally, the overall picture looks like this:

Plasticizers - from 5 to 10 percent;
Film former - from 40 to 60 percent;
Fillers and pigments - from 30 to 40 percent;
Other additives - from 5 to 10 percent.

As for the properties of water-based paint, the following can be said about them:

This coloring agent is distinguished by good permeability to moisture and steam, therefore it can be used both for external and internal work, for application on a plastered and unplastered surface;
The composition of the water-based paint does not allow it to flake off. This is an environmentally friendly and non-hazardous type of paint;
Very often latex can be seen in the composition of this type of substance, which gives the painted surface a strong water-repellent effect. And at the same time, the fact that this effect does not interfere with vapor permeability is of great importance;
Water-based compositions have a wide range of colors. You can easily use a custom color to get the color you want.

And in conclusion, I would like to note that the type of dye considered in this article has a high percentage of resistance to wear, it is not flammable, resistant to atmospheric phenomena and ultraviolet light. In addition, such a substance has the ability to repaint cracks up to one mm wide.

Among the variety of repair materials, water-based paints are becoming more and more popular. Fire safety, a variety of shades and ease of application make water emulsion more and more popular. This type of paint does not have strong unpleasant odors, dries quickly after application and creates an even finish layer.

Types of water-based (water-dispersive) paints

A water-based coating is an aqueous suspension of pigments, polymers and fillers. After its application, the water evaporates, and thanks to the polymers included in the composition, a thin coating is created. The properties and price of paint depends on the type of its main component.

When carrying out repair work, paint is almost always used. Whether it is painting walls or floors, ceilings or facades, or maybe decorating individual elements.

All types of water-based paint are united by a common base - an aqueous suspension. Depending on which polymer is included in the composition, the water emulsion can be:

Silicone
Acrylic
Silicate
Polyvinyl acetate (PVA)

Polyvinyl acetate (PVA)

PVA paint is a universal paint for interior work, which is made on the basis of PVA glue. It is suitable for painting ceilings, floors, walls. On store shelves, this type of paint is one of the most budgetary options.

Advantages of polyvinyl acetate water emulsion:

it paints well porous surfaces, such as: wood, plaster walls and concrete ceilings, cardboard products, etc., this paint is suitable for painting furniture;
safe to use, because it does not contain flammable and explosive components, does not require special storage conditions;
you can give a gloss or create a matte surface with the help of additives, allows you to create interesting interior solutions;
low cost makes it in demand in the construction market, so it is easy to find it on store shelves;
suitable for premises with high fire safety requirements, this moment is especially important at enterprises where flammable items are stored (archives with documentation, a warehouse with things, chemical reagents, etc.);
short drying time allows you to make repairs comfortably without additional ventilation of the room;
it paints over plasterboard walls well.

Cons of polyvinyl acetate water-based paint:

not resistant to moisture, used only for painting in dry rooms;
poorly withstand temperature changes, not suitable for facades;
poor covering ability;
does not lie on metal surfaces.

ATTENTION Paint consumption depends on the saturation of the shade. Darker shades are consumed less, as they paint over the surface immediately. For even application of bright and dark tones, 2 layers are enough. Approximately 150 g / m2 is required. Light bedding tones are applied in more layers for color uniformity, which increases the consumption to 250 g / m2.

Latex

The latex base makes water-based paints washable and able to withstand high humidity. This variety is suitable for painting walls in bathrooms and kitchens. It can be wiped clean with a damp cloth. Withstands up to 5000 brushing cycles. Water-based paint with latex additive will stay on the walls of the bathroom and in the kitchen for a long time.

The cost of latex paint is more expensive than other types of water dispersion coatings.

In addition to its water-repellent properties, the latex "water emulsion" has good vapor permeability.

ATTENTION When using latex paint, it is not necessary to pre-fill cracks up to 1 mm, the paint has the ability to bridge them, evenly lying on the surface.

Latex-based water-based paint dries as quickly as its subspecies, in just a few hours, making repairs comfortable and fast.

Acrylic (VDAK)

Acrylic paint is the highest quality, popular and most expensive. Acrylic "water emulsion" is based on acrylic resins, which give it strength and elasticity. To reduce the cost of this type of coating, manufacturers produce styrene-acrylic, vinyl acrylic and acrylosilicone, but the quality of the cheaper version is also significantly lower than the original.

Advantages:

used for all types of outdoor and indoor work;
fits well on plaster, after it has completely dried;
protects reinforced concrete against corrosion;
popular and always available at hardware stores.

Disadvantages:

Not suitable for application on damp walls with poor waterproofing
Costly

Silicone

Silicone paint is similar to latex water-based paint. The composition includes silicone resins, due to which small cracks on the surface turn into a smooth surface. It is water-repellent (lotus effect). The surface becomes self-cleaning. Dust on the façade is washed away by the rain. Moss does not form on the surface, as there are antiseptic additives in the paint. The cost of this type of paint is as high as the quality. It is used in places of high humidity, for example, the basement of a building.

ATTENTION Silicone paint components are not only resistant to moisture, but also successfully fight against the appearance of mold and mildew in these places.

If traces of mold were found on the walls, floors or ceilings prior to painting, the area must be cleaned and treated with hydrogen peroxide, then paint should be applied.

Silicate

The most durable paint is a silicate water-based emulsion. It consists of liquid glass, water base and other additives that make it resistant to various weather conditions, temperature extremes.

This type of paint is used for building facades, which are washed away by ground and melt water, paint rooms with high humidity. High vapor and air permeability makes the walls breathable, preventing the creation of a conservation effect.

Read also: Wall decorative painting tool

Suitable for painting old buildings where waterproofing suffers and other paint quickly loses its appearance.

How to dilute

Since the main component of the paint is water, it must be diluted with water. You can add no more than 10% of the total paint volume.

The paint can be applied with a roller, brush or spray. For a sprayer, it is better to dilute the water emulsion with special thinners for acrylic paints. With the help of a thinner, you can correct the light reflection of the paint, that is, give it a gloss or dullness.

Severely dried paints that have stood without use for a long time can also be reanimated. Highly thinned paint deteriorates, but is suitable for touch-ups.

To avoid quick drying of the paint, you can add a little water to it after use and close it tightly with a lid. Store in a cool and dark place.

How to paint

The paint is applied to the prepared surface. To apply paint, use brushes, sponges, rollers and sprayers. Various patterns and textures are created on the surface using special rollers or embossed sponges. It is more convenient to paint a large surface with a roller, the paint lays down more evenly, and painting work is done faster. It is more convenient to apply narrow areas, corners, wall joints, transitions with a brush, and you can use brushes of different widths. To create texture, sponges are often used, dipping them in a thick paint solution and blotting them on the surface. It is not easy to create an texture and apply patterns, it is better to first experiment on a small area, then you will not have to repaint the entire surface in the future, if an attempt is unsuccessful.

Stages of staining with water-based paint:

Pour a small amount of ink into the roller tray. The tray is a square shape with a small depression for paint and a place for wringing out the roller. The cost of trays in stores is cheap, and it is more convenient to work with it and the consumption of paint is less.
Dip a wide brush in paint and walk along the perimeter of a wall or other surface, so the joints will be better painted over, and the transitions will be smoother.
It is good to saturate the roller with paint by scrolling it several times inside the tray so that the excess paint is glass. The better the roller is impregnated, the more paint will be enough for a large square.
Apply paint evenly with a roller onto the surface to be painted.

IMPORTANT It is better to start applying paint from above, then drops and smudges will not flow onto the already painted surface, but will roll out with a roller while gradually moving down.

Apply each subsequent layer of paint after drying the previous layer so that there is no dripping.

Consumption

An important factor is the consumption of paint per square meter. Knowing this data, you can calculate the need for paint for the job. If the paint is tinted, then the consumption must be taken into account with a margin, if there is not enough material, it can be difficult to achieve the same shade. Each manufacturer indicates information on the consumption of paint on its packaging (from 160 grams / m2), but these figures are average. Many factors affect the consumption: the type of tool, the material of the brush or roller, the number of layers, the ability to absorb on the painted surface. In addition, each type of water-based paint has a different texture and density, respectively, for painting with different types of water-based emulsions, you will need a different amount of paint.

Send a request

Water-based paints and varnishes Are formulations based on aqueous emulsions. Suspensions of fillers and pigments in aqueous with the addition of dispersants, emulsifiers and some other auxiliary substances in aqueous dispersions of film-formers. Water-based paints and varnishes are also called: water emulsion, emulsion, latex, water dispersion (water dispersion).

At present, the requirements for environmental protection have increased significantly. Control over industrial emissions has become stricter. This, and much more, led to the expansion of the production of water-based paints and varnishes. In the total amount of all paint and varnish products, the share of systems based on aqueous emulsions began to amount to about 30 - 35%.

Traditional paints and varnishes contain almost 50% organic solvents. These materials are fire and explosive, and many are also toxic. During drying, organic solvents volatilize and a coating (LCP) is formed. A powerful ventilation system must be installed in the rooms where painting is performed. And at paint and varnish factories there is also a system for cleaning emissions from harmful impurities.

The use of exclusively water-based compositions allows you to save on emission treatment systems, ventilation devices, as well as on the cost of the solvents themselves, which irretrievably evaporate when the paint dries, etc.

The use of paints and varnishes based on water emulsions (water emulsion) has its advantages, the main of which are:

The harmlessness of the compositions;

Possibility of painting at high humidity or damp surfaces;

Less laboriousness when cleaning equipment from water-based paint;

The ability to apply a coating in a specific way - electrodeposition.

All water-based paints and varnishes are divided into two groups:

Water-soluble film-forming system (this is an aqueous solution of a film-former);

Film-forming water dispersion system (emulsion of a film former in water).

Classification of water-based paints and varnishes

By appointment:

For interior work;

For outdoor painting works;

Special purpose.

By the type of used film former:

AK - acrylate (made on the basis of an acrylate copolymer dispersion);

VA - polyvinyl acetate water-based compositions (based on polyvinyl acetate dispersion);

CS - styrene-butadiene (butadiene-styrene copolymer);

HV - copolymer vinyl chloride (based on a mixture of vinyl chloride copolymer, styrene-butadiene latex and vinylidene chloride);

BC - vinyl acetate copolymers (aqueous dispersion of ethylene or dibutyl maleate with vinyl acetate copolymers).

Composition of water-based paints

In addition to film-formers, the composition of water-based paints and varnishes includes: pigments, water, fillers, stabilizers, emulsifiers, dispersants, defoamers (antifoam agents), thickeners, corrosion inhibitors, antiseptics and some special additives (coalescing, hydrophobizing, structuring, etc.).

Film former

The very first water-based paints contained in their composition (as a film-forming agent) synthetic and natural latex. Such compositions were used abroad in the 40s of the last century.

Now, copolymer acetate, polyvinyl acetate, polyacrylate aqueous dispersions are widely used as film-forming substances in the manufacture of water-based paints and varnishes. And also, butadiene-styrene latex, latexes of homo- and copolymers of vinyl chloride, ethylene, styrene and some other monomers. These are synthetic aqueous dispersions of polymers.

There are also artificial ones, which are obtained in the process of emulsification of oligomers at an elevated (above their softening point) temperature, or solutions of polymers, oligomers. In dispersions of this type, some polymers and oligomers, as well as bitumens, epoxies, alkyds, polyurethanes, drying oils, etc. can act as a film former.

MBM-5S- aqueous dispersion of acrylic copolymer. This substance is obtained by emulsion copolymerization of a mixture consisting of three monomers - butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid. The coating, which is formed when using MBM-5S, is characterized by high weather resistance, resistance to light, has good adhesion, high bending strength. Also, the coating has high performance characteristics, so water-based acrylate paints can be used to paint the exterior walls of buildings, etc. (long service life).

Polyvinyl acetate homopolymer dispersion. This substance is obtained by polymerization of vinyl acetate in an aqueous medium (with the presence of an initiator and a protective colloid). In appearance it is a white viscous liquid. About 20 brands of this dispersion are produced in plasticized form. A polyvinyl acetate homopolymer dispersion in unplasticized form is also common. It is widely used in various industries (as an adhesive and film former).

In the production of water-based paints and varnishes, it is used more often in unplasticized form (grades D50S, D50V, D50N high-, medium- and low-viscosity, the polymer content of which is about 50%). The plasticized dispersion DB47 / 7C contains 47% polymer and 5 - 9% plasticizer. And dispersion DB48 / 4C contains 48% polymer and 10 - 14% plasticizer. In the dispersion, the residual monomer content does not exceed 0.5%, and the particle size is from 1 to 3 microns.

The polyvinyl acetate homopolymer dispersion forms coatings with satisfactory adhesion to the substrate, with a uniform and smooth surface.

Water

The composition of water-based paints and varnishes contains about 50% water. In this case, half of the water is used in order to bring the water-based paint to the required consistency, and the second is part of the film-forming water dispersion. Special attention is paid to the quality of water. It is necessary to use demineralized (softened), distilled water or condensate. You can soften regular tap water. To do this, you must have two sodium cationite filters. After treatment, the water hardness often does not exceed 3 meq / l.

Auxiliary functional substances

Stabilizers- These are surfactants (surfactants), which are introduced into the composition of water-based paints and varnishes to stabilize their technological and operational properties. As a stabilizer, the sodium salt of the condensation product of formaldehyde and naphthylsulfonic acid, leukanol, is widely used.

Emulsifiers necessary for imparting stability to aqueous dispersions of film-forming agents. In addition, they facilitate the process of their education. Some surfactants, in particular fatty acid salts, serve as emulsifiers.

Thickeners necessary to increase the viscosity of paints and varnishes. Mineral additives such as calcined clays, bentonite, or other substances (for example, Na-carboxymethyl cellulose, etc.) can be used.

Antifoam agents (defoamers)- these are special additives that, during the production process, and then during application, do not allow the paint and varnish material to foam. The most active antifoam agents are hydrophobic solvents (turpentine, white spirit) and polyorganosiloxanes of the GZhK type.

Antifreeze are substances that are introduced into paints and varnishes to prevent them from freezing at low temperatures. Antifreeze includes diethylene glycol, etc.

Protective colloids are used to ensure that dispersed systems retain their aggregate stability. Polyvinyl alcohol, for example, increases the water resistance of polyvinyl acetate-based coatings. If polyvinyl alcohol, catalyst such as NH4Cl, aldehyde or dimethylolurea are introduced into the polyvinyl acetate dispersion, a water-insoluble product is formed.

Corrosion inhibitors- special protective additives. They are introduced into water-based paint so that the metal substrate on which the paint layer is applied does not corrode during the formation of a protective coating (application of paintwork materials) and its curing. Corrosion inhibitors protect the substrate from underfilm degradation. In the production of water-based paints and varnishes, sodium nitrite and sodium benzoate are often used.