In 2012, the protocol of the interstate commission (MGNTKS) No. 40 adopted GOST for the installation plastic windows 30971 2012, defining the technical requirements for field joints. By order of Rosstandart in December 2012, it was introduced as a national standard from 01/01/2014.

It is used by assembly companies when performing work, by designers - in the preparation of documentation, by manufacturers - for product certification. For private customers it is useful in the form of information for quality control of window installation.

To check if the seams are properly installed mounting gost 30971 2012 must be downloaded before the start of work or design. In order to check whether GOST 30971 2012 is mandatory for application, it is necessary to open a list of standards and codes of practice (approved by government regulation No. 1521 of 12/26/2014).

Currently, according to Rosstandart, GOST 30971 2012 has the status of the current standard. The document consists of eight main sections and the same number of appendices, marked with the letters of the Russian alphabet.

Scope of the document

According to the first section of GOST 30971 2012, the current one does not apply to attic structures, facade hinged systems and special products with special conditions.

The main rule, defined in the second section, is the application of references in relation to existing documents. In the event of a standard change, the reference to the current standard applies.

The third section of GOST on pvc windows 30971 2012 defines mounting joints as a junction of a window block to a wall, filled with insulating materials with different properties.

Classification and designation

The main parameters for determining the class according to GOST R 30971 2012 are:

1. Minimum humidity at which steam does not condense on the inner surface (%): 55 for class A, 45 for class B, 30 for class C.
2. The minimum number of deformation resistance cycles is 20 for all three classes.
3. Permissible deformation value (%): more than 15 for class A, 11-14.9 (B), 8-10.9 (C).

The designation includes: the abbreviation "SHM", the letter of the moisture class, the letter of the class for permissible deformation through a hyphen and the name of the guest.

Design, basic requirements and parameters

The design provides for a three-layer seam, an additional (fourth) one is made to prevent the penetration of moisture from the wall materials. The section defines the indicators that are checked when accepting finished structures.

Quality assessment, control methods, guarantees

When accepting completed works (6), the following stages of control are distinguished:

• incoming - upon receipt of raw materials;
• preparation of openings and blocks;
• meeting the general requirements for installation;
• operating;
• acceptance;
• laboratory with tests.

Test methods (7) are to determine empirically:

1. Strength and adhesion foam insulation.
2. deformation stability.
3. Sizes and number of samples.

The presentation of the results is highlighted in a separate subsection.

Seam warranty period

The final section (8) establishes the warranty period by agreement of the parties, but not less than 5 years from the date of acceptance of the work performed under the act.

In guest applications, installing windows pvc gost 30971 2012 indicates:

1. Requirements for materials - general and for each of the three layers separately (A).
2. The procedure for calculating the change in window size under the influence of temperature (B).
3. Graphic images (for study, it is preferable to download GOST 30971 2012 pdf format) connection options (B):

• top and side seams in various openings (brick, panels, wood, ventilated facade) without finishing the internal slope (gost 30971 2012 tape is used);
• with finishing plaster, drywall, the use of vapor barrier tape;
• lower ones in concrete panels and wooden walls.

Schemes for fastening windows in the opening and methods of sealing (D).

Grade temperature regime using software (D).

Methods:

• evaluation and testing of thermal parameters (E);
• determination of water permeability indicators (W);
• by air permeability (I).

This standard applies to the assembly seams of the junctions of window and external door blocks to wall openings.
The standard is used in the design, development of design and technological documentation, as well as the performance of work in the construction, reconstruction and repair of buildings and structures for various purposes, taking into account the requirements of the current building codes and rules. The requirements of the standard are also applied when replacing window blocks in operated premises.
The requirements of this standard can be used in the design of mounting joints of stained glass and other junctions. facade structures, as well as mounting seams of interfaces between structures.
The standard does not apply to the assembly seams of the junctions of window blocks for special purposes (for example, fire-prevention, explosion-proof, etc.), as well as products intended for use in unheated rooms.
The standard can be used for certification purposes

Title of the document:	GOST 30971-2002
Document type:	standard
Document status:	current
Russian name:	Seams for mounting joints of adjoining window blocks to wall openings. General specifications
English name:	Erection to joints of window assemblies adjoined to wall openings. General specifications
Text update date:	01.08.2013
Introduction date:	01.03.2003
Description update date:	01.08.2013
Number of pages in the main text of the document:	62 pcs.
Substitute:	GOST 30971-2012
Publication date:	14.04.2003
Reissue:
Last Modified Date:	15.07.2013
Amendments and changes:	(2005-07-08) - in a new window: Amendment to GOST 30971-2002

Until 2003, the installation of PVC windows and balcony blocks was not regulated by the state. Window installation specialists were guided by the technology proposed by the manufacturers of these structures. Whether she was wrong or not, it is difficult to judge. But the number of complaints about freezing, blowing and leaking frames exceeded allowable limits. In order to eliminate these problems, at the beginning of March 2003, GOST 3071-2002 was adopted, and it became mandatory to install windows according to GOST.

What is pvc window installation according to GOST

The introduction of a document regulating the installation of window seams and junctions caused, at one time, a lot of controversy and disagreement. Window installation companies were unhappy with the upcoming costs of purchasing additional materials and increasing labor costs.

The fact is that state standard approved several standards requiring the use of materials in the installation that were not previously used, or were used reluctantly. This entailed an increase in the cost of the work of performers and, accordingly, the consumer. Which, it was believed, could lead to a decrease in demand for window services.

But the worries were in vain. It was consumers who were the first to appreciate the benefits of GOST. Which is not surprising, since the document is fully focused on improving the operating conditions of window and balcony blocks. What are these improvements?

1. Installation of plastic windows according to GOST with vapor and waterproofing of gaps. The document gave a definition of the assembly seam, indicating the materials necessary for its construction. Now the correct seam should consist of three layers: outer, water-proof and vapor-permeable.
2. The recommended clearance parameters are indicated.
3. The requirements for surface preparation are determined.
4. Established acceptance rules.
5. Maximum allowable distances between fixing points are indicated. For a plastic profile, this is 70 mm.
6. A list of actions for testing the quality of structures is given.
7. The maximum service life of the materials used is indicated: at least 20 years.

They did not ignore such an important element of the window structure as the ebb. According to GOST, now it is protected from below with a diffusion tape made of polyester. This ensures a strong fixation of the metal sheet to the wall and the box. The presence of a tape on the lower plane of the ebb significantly reduces the noise from raindrops.

Application of regulations in practice

Since March 2003, the installers began to work in accordance with the accepted standards. But for a consumer who is unfamiliar with the intricacies of these works, the question inevitably arises: what does it mean to install a window according to GOST? Knowing the answers will help you track the correctness of the installation and make sure its quality. The first thing to be aware of is that all the seams of the window block should now consist of three parts.

1. Central - from mounting foam, which has high frost resistance and moisture resistance.
2. External - from a waterproofing tape.
3. Internal - from a vapor barrier tape.

The basic principle of installation can be explained as follows: the inner part of the seam must have low thermal conductivity, and the side parts protecting it must be vapor permeable. In this case, if moisture penetrates to the mounting foam, it will freely come out in the form of steam and will not harm the insulation layer (mounting foam).

Mounting Benefits

There are several advantages over conventional professional installation. But they are all so important that it is unwise to ignore them.

1. If all the standards of the State Standard are observed, freezing and leakage of seams are excluded. Hence, and window frames.
2. The possibility of formation of a fungus and a mold is excluded.
3. The insulating layer (mounting foam) is protected from moisture and will not collapse ahead of time. If installed incorrectly, with the absence of protective tapes, yellowing of the foam can be observed. Under the influence of moisture, its structure becomes loose and destruction processes begin. Such foam loses its thermal insulation properties with all the consequences: windows begin to freeze, leak, and are no longer reliable barrier for the wind.
4. The ebb is connected to the wall by a frame more hermetically, which provides an additional heat-insulating effect and increases the service life of the window unit.

There is another important advantage of complying with the requirements of the State Standard. If the consumer remains dissatisfied with the quality of installation and orders an independent examination service, the company that installed this window, at best, is threatened with reinstallation. And the worst - a lot of expenses.

Materials required when installing windows

Among the installers of plastic windows, GOST 3071-2012 was called "tape". This is due to the fact that, in accordance with the requirements of this document, it is necessary to protect the seams with “ribbons” - products that are narrow in width: vapor barrier, self-expanding and diffusion.

Materials for installing plastic windows according to GOST:

• tapes PSUL (self-expanding sealing);
• GPL (vapor barrier), made of butyl rubber or aluminum foil, for internal protection seams;
• diffusion polyester for external protection.

PSUL tapes are self-expanding material and are sold in rolls. When installing, it is extremely important to choose the degree of increase in the volume of the tape. This indicator is always indicated on the packaging. So, for gaps 10 mm wide, you need to choose a tape with an expansion range of 30-40 units. The most popular brands of tapes are Profband, PSUL-EUROBAND, Liplent, Robiband.

Polyethylene tape GPL (hydro vapor barrier) is made on the basis of foamed rubber. On one side there is an adhesive base, in the middle - a vapor-permeable material, on the other side - a laminated base and inserts made of metallized material (foil). The purpose of these tapes is to reflect heat back into the room, and protect the mounting foam from moisture. Popular brands: TYTAN Professional, KLEBEBANDER, Sealant-Abris.

Diffusion tapes are placed under the tide to protect the seam from moisture from the outside of the window. These materials are also made from butyl rubber, but they have two adhesive bases: on each side. Therefore, the protective material is firmly glued to both the ebb and the opening. Popular brands: HAUSER, Robiband, Ultima, WS.

Installation technology according to GOST

Installation of plastic windows in accordance with GOST 30971-2012, step technology which is proposed, can be performed independently.

Step 1. Use a stiff-bristled brush or paint brush to sweep away dust and debris.

Step 2. The seams between the bricks are leveled with a moisture-resistant putty.

Step 3 Cover the putty with a layer of primer.

Step 4. Open the window block and remove the sash.

Step 5 At the bottom of the frame, the stand profile is removed.

Step 6. PSUL is glued at the junction of the frame and the stand profile.

Step 7. If a balcony block is installed, the docking profile is removed and from outside frames. At the junction with the opening, PSUL tape is glued around the entire perimeter. If a window is installed, immediately glue the tape around its perimeter.

Step 8. Take a simple pencil and tape measure. Mark the attachment points on the PVC profile. In accordance with the requirements of the standard, the distance between these points should not exceed 70 cm. The hole should be 150-180 mm from the corner of the frame.

Step 9. Drill holes. The diameter of the drill must be less than the diameter of the bolt or self-tapping screw.

Step 10 Support pads are installed on the opening, which will be under the frame.

Step 11. Insert the frame and fix it with self-tapping screws.

Step 12. From the side of the street, the places of fastening of the PSUL are marked.

Step 13. Remove the frame and with a shift of 0.5 cm from the markup, glue the PSUL.

Step 14 Install the starting profile for slopes on the frame.

Step 15 C inside paste over the frame with GPL tape.

Step 16. Install the frame, align. Drill holes in the wall for dowels and perform the final fixation.

Step 17 Install the sashes.

Step 18. Fill the seam with mounting foam.

Step 19 After 15-20 minutes, the GPL tape is leveled along the slopes.

Step 20. GPL is installed under the windowsill.

Step 21 Carry out the installation of the window sill.

Step 22 Diffusion tape is installed under the ebb.

Step 23. Fix the ebb.

Installing a window according to GOST according to GOST, the instructions for which are given above, is a simple task. If you comply with all the requirements of the State Standard, window openings will be reliably insulated and sealed.
P.S. And for dessert, I suggest watching a video clip: Installation of a window in accordance with GOST

1. DEVELOPED NIUPTS "Interregional Window Institute", Research Institute of Building Physics RAASN with the participation of the company "ill-bruck", SibADA, OOO "Concept SPK" and the firm "fischer". INTRODUCED Gosstroy of Russia
2. ACCEPTED Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization, Technical Regulation and Certification in Construction (MNTKS) on April 24, 2002. Voted for adoption:

   State name	Body name government controlled construction
   The Republic of Azerbaijan	Gosstroy of the Republic of Azerbaijan
   Republic of Armenia	Ministry of Urban Development of the Republic of Armenia
   The Republic of Kazakhstan	Construction Committee of the Ministry of Energy, Industry and Trade of the Republic of Kazakhstan
   Republic of Kyrgyzstan	State Inspectorate for Architecture and Construction under the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic
   The Republic of Moldova	Ministry of Territorial Development, Construction and Public Utilities of the Republic of Moldova
   the Russian Federation	Gosstroy of Russia
   The Republic of Uzbekistan	State Committee for Construction, Architecture and Housing Policy of Uzbekistan

3. INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
4. INTRODUCED since March 1, 2003 as a state standard Russian Federation Decree of the Gosstroy of Russia dated September 2, 2002 No. 115. This standard cannot be fully or partially reproduced, replicated and distributed as an official publication on the territory of the Russian Federation without the permission of the Gosstroy of Russia

1 area of ​​use

This standard applies to the assembly seams of the junctions of window and exterior door units (hereinafter referred to as "window units") to wall openings.
The standard is used in the design, development of design and technological documentation, as well as the performance of work in the construction, reconstruction and repair of buildings and structures for various purposes, taking into account the requirements of current building codes and regulations. The requirements of the standard are also applied when replacing window blocks in operated premises.
The requirements of this standard can be applied in the design of mounting joints of junctions of stained-glass and other facade structures, as well as mounting joints of interfaces between structures.
The standard does not apply to the assembly seams of the junctions of window blocks for special purposes (for example, fire-prevention, explosion-proof, etc.), as well as products intended for use in unheated rooms.
The standard can be used for certification purposes.

2 Normative references

References are made in this standard to the following standards:
GOST 166-89 Calipers. Specifications
GOST 427-75 Metal measuring rulers. Specifications
GOST 2678-94
GOST 7076-99 Building materials and products. Method for determining thermal conductivity and thermal resistance in a stationary thermal regime
GOST 7502-98 Roulettes measuring metal. Specifications
GOST 7912-74 Rubber. Method for determining the temperature limit of brittleness
GOST 10174-90 Polyurethane foam gaskets for windows and doors. Specifications
GOST 17177-87 Thermal insulation building materials and products. Control methods
GOST 21519-84 Windows and doors are balcony, show-windows and stained-glass windows from aluminum alloys. General specifications
GOST 23166-99 Window blocks. General specifications
GOST 24699-2002 Wooden window blocks with glass and double-glazed windows. Specifications
GOST 24700-99 Blocks window wooden with double-glazed windows. Specifications
GOST 25898-83 Building materials and products. Methods for determining the resistance to vapor permeation
GOST 26433.0-85 System for ensuring the accuracy of geometric parameters in construction. Rules for performing measurements. General provisions
GOST 26433.1-89 System for ensuring the accuracy of geometric parameters in construction. Rules for performing measurements. Prefabricated elements
GOST 26433.2-94 System for ensuring the accuracy of geometric parameters in construction. Rules for performing measurements of parameters of buildings and structures
GOST 26602.1-99 Window and door blocks. Methods for determining the resistance to heat transfer
GOST 26602.2-99 Window and door blocks. Methods for determining air and water permeability
GOST 26602.3-99 Window and door blocks. Method for determining sound insulation
GOST 2678-94 Materials are rolled roofing and waterproofing. Test Methods
GOST 30673-99 PVC profiles for window and door blocks. Specifications
GOST 30674-99 Window blocks made of PVC profiles. Specifications

3 Terms and definitions

The following terms and definitions are used in this standard:
The junction of the window block to the wall opening- a constructive system that ensures the interface of a wall window opening (including elements of the outer and inner slopes) with the box of the window block, including a mounting seam, a window sill, a drain, as well as facing and fasteners.
Mounting gap- the space between the surface of the wall opening and the frame of the window (door) unit.
Assembly seam- an element of the junction, which is a combination of various insulating materials used to fill the mounting gap and having the specified characteristics.
The assembly seam, in general, consists of three insulating layers, which are determined by the main functional purpose:

• outer waterproof vapor-permeable layer;
• central heat and sound insulation layer;
• inner vapor barrier. Force operational impact on the assembly seam- the impact arising from the mutual movements of the window frame (frame) and the wall opening when the linear dimensions change due to temperature, humidity and other influences, as well as during the shrinkage of buildings.
  Deformation resistance of the assembly seam- the ability of the assembly seam to maintain the specified characteristics when the linear dimensions of the assembly gap change as a result of various operational influences.

  4 Classification

  4.1 The constructions of the mounting joints of the junctions of window blocks to wall openings are classified according to the following performance characteristics:
  resistance to heat transfer;
  resistance to force operational impacts;
  breathability;
  water permeability;
  sound insulation;
  vapor permeability.
  4.2 Indicators of the main performance characteristics construction joints are sub-divided into classes according to table 1.
  4.3 The class of the assembly joint in terms of resistance to heat transfer, air and water permeability, vapor permeability, deformation resistance, sound insulation is set to working documentation on the junctions of window blocks to wall openings.
  4.4 The resistance of assembly joints to forceful operational influences is classified according to the indicator of deformation stability. The value of the ratio of the values ​​is taken as an indicator of deformation stability the biggest change of a given size of an assembly seam (without destruction or a critical decrease in the given characteristics) to the value of a given seam size, expressed as a percentage.
  4.5 The classification features of the vapor permeability of assembly joints are:

  the value and ratio of the values ​​of resistance to vapor permeability of the layers (materials) of the assembly seam;
  the value of the increment of the calculated mass ratio of moisture in the material of the central layer of the seam for the period of moisture absorption.
  In addition, the vapor permeability of the seam is characterized by constructive solutions. For example, the presence or absence of a vapor barrier between the foam insulation and the surface of the wall opening. The criteria for vapor barrier of mounting joints and their values ​​are set in the design and construction documentation for specific construction projects.
  Table 1

  Name of characteristics	Dimension	Class	Indicator value
  Heat transfer resistance	m2 °С/W	I	3.0 or more
  		II	2.1 to 2.9
  		III	1.2 to 2.0
  Air permeability at dР=100 Pa	m3 /h-m	I	less than 0.1
  		II	from 0.1 to 0.5
  		III	0.6 to 1.0
  Water permeability (limit of water resistance)	Pa	I	600 and more
  		II	from 450 to 599
  		III	from 300 to 449
  Deformation stability	%	I	over 17
  		II	from 14.0 to 17.0
  		III	10.0 to 13.0
  Soundproofing	dBA	I	over 40
  		II	from 34 to 40
  		III	from 28 to 33

  Notes: 1) Water permeability is classified according to the water resistance limit of the outer waterproofing layer of the assembly joint; 2) The indicator of the deformation stability of the assembly seam is taken according to the layer having worst value this indicator.
  4.5 The designation of the assembly seam should include the letter index "SHM" ​​- the assembly seam, digital designations of classes in terms of resistance to heat transfer and deformation resistance.
  An example of a symbol for an assembly seam:
  ShM III-I GOST 30971-2002- mounting seam with classes according to the reduced resistance to heat transfer - III, deformation resistance -1, according to GOST 30971.
  In the contract, passport and other documentation for assembly joints, it is recommended to additionally indicate the classification of joints according to other classified parameters, as well as other technical information as agreed between the manufacturer and the consumer. If necessary, it is allowed to give specific values ​​(ranges of values) of the technical characteristics of assembly joints and materials used for their device, confirmed by test results

  5. Technical requirements

  5.1 General
  5.1.1 The assembly seam consists of three layers, which are divided according to the main functional purpose:
  external - water-proof, vapor-permeable;
  medium - heat, - soundproof;
  internal - vapor barrier.
  Each of the layers of the assembly seam can, in addition to the main ones, perform additional functions(for example, the outer layer may have a significant resistance to heat transfer), which must be taken into account when determining the design characteristics of the structure. The schematic diagram of the mounting seam is shown in Figure 1.
  5.1.2 The construction of mounting joints is established in the working documentation for the mounting nodes of the adjunction of specific types of window blocks to wall openings, taking into account the current building codes and regulations and the requirements of this standard. Examples of structural solutions for assembly joints are given in Appendix A.
  5.1.3 Construction joints must be resistant to various operational influences: atmospheric factors, temperature and humidity influences from the premises, force (temperature, shrinkage, etc.) deformations.

  5.1.4 The choice of materials for mounting joints and determining the dimensions of mounting gaps should be made taking into account possible operational (temperature, sediment) changes in the linear dimensions of window blocks and wall openings in terms of deformation resistance. At the same time, elastic insulating materials intended for operation in a compressed state must be selected taking into account their design (working) degree of compression.
  5.1.5 The value of the heat transfer resistance of the mounting seam must ensure that the temperature of the inner surface of the window opening and structure is not lower than required by building codes and regulations.
  The values ​​of indicators of air, - water permeability, sound insulation of assembly joints should not be lower than the values ​​of these indicators for the window blocks used.
  5.1.6 Depending on the configuration of the surfaces of wall openings, mounting joints can be straight (window opening without a quarter) or corner (window opening with a quarter).
  5.1.7 From the outside, mounting seams can be protected with special profiled parts: rain-proof flashings, soundproof linings, etc.
  From the inside, the mounting joints can be closed with a plaster layer or window slope lining details.

  5.2 Requirements for the outer layer

  5.2.1 The outer layer of the mounting joint must be waterproof under rain exposure at a given (calculated) pressure drop between the outer and inner surfaces of the mounting joint.
  5.2.2 For the construction of the outer layer, the use of materials with adhesion to the surface is recommended. window openings and boxes of window blocks. Peel resistance (adhesion strength) must be at least 0.4 kgf/cm.
  5.2.3 The outer layer materials must be resistant to the operating temperatures:
  for regular seams - from 70 °С to minus 35 °С;
  for frost-resistant seams - from 70 °С to minus 36 °С and below. Note. The lower limit of negative operating temperatures, confirmed by the test results, is indicated in the accompanying documentation (passport) for the material of the outer layer.
  5.2.4 Insulating materials of the outer layer (not protected during operation from exposure to sunlight) must be resistant to UV irradiation (total dose of irradiation of the front surfaces is not less than 5 GJ/m).
  5.2.5 The materials of the outer layer should not interfere with the removal of vaporous moisture from the central layer of the weld. The recommended value of the coefficient of vapor permeability of the material of the outer layer is not less than 0.15 mg/(m*h*Pa). The use of vapor barrier materials as materials for the outer layer is not allowed.

  5.3 Requirements for the core layer

  5.3.1 The central insulating layer must provide the required resistance to heat transfer and sound insulation of the installation seam. The values ​​of resistance to heat transfer and the reduction of airborne noise of urban transport should be in the range of these indicators for the wall and window structure.
  5.3.2 The filling of the mounting joint with heat-insulating materials must be continuous in cross section, without voids, gaps, cracks and overflows. The presence of bundles, through gaps and cracks is not allowed.
  5.3.3 The resistance to vapor permeability of the central layer of the construction joint should be in the range of values ​​of this indicator for the outer and inner layers.
  5.3.4 The adhesive strength of the adhesion of mounting foam insulation to the surfaces of window openings and boxes of window blocks must be at least 1.0 kgf/cm2.
  5.3.5 The water absorption of the materials of the central layer by weight when fully immersed in 24 hours should not exceed 1%.
  5.3.6 If necessary, to prevent moisture from the side of the wall opening from affecting the central insulating layer (in the plane of possible condensation formation), it is allowed to install a vapor barrier tape between the inner surface of the wall opening and the assembly joint.

  5.4 Requirements for the inner layer

  5.4.1 The vapor barrier materials of the inner layer of the assembly joint must have a vapor permeability coefficient of not more than 0.01 mg/(m*h*Pa).
  5.4.2 The vapor barrier materials of the inner layer must have a peeling resistance (adhesion strength) from the surfaces forming the mounting gap of at least 0.4 kgf/cm.
  5.4.3 Vapor barrier materials along the inner contour of the mounting gap must be laid continuously, without gaps, gaps and non-glued areas.

  5.5 General requirements for materials

  5.5.1 The materials used in the construction of field joints must comply with the requirements of the standards, the terms of the supply contracts and the technical documentation approved in in due course.
  5.5.2 The materials used for the installation of assembly joints are divided according to the operating temperature range at which assembly work is allowed, into materials:
  summer version (from plus 35 °С to plus 5 °С);
  winter version (with operating temperatures below plus 5 °С).
  5.5.3 The outer layer materials shall be resistant to prolonged weathering. The materials used for the device of various layers of the mounting seam must be compatible with each other, as well as with the materials of the wall opening, window box and fasteners. The durability of the materials (service life) used for the installation of the assembly seam must be at least 20 conventional years of operation (the durability indicator comes into effect from 01.01.2005),
  5.5.4 The materials used in the construction of field joints must have a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion from the sanitary and epidemiological authorities.
  5.5.5 Materials for construction joints should be stored in dry, heated, ventilated rooms in compliance with the storage conditions specified in the regulatory documentation for these materials.

  5.6 Dimensional requirements

  5.6.1 The nominal dimensions of the mounting gaps for the installation of seams are set in the working drawings of the junctions of window blocks to wall openings.
  5.6.2 When determining the dimensions of the assembly joints, take into account:
  the configuration and dimensions of the window opening, the box of the window unit and the window sill, including their permissible limit deviations;
  expected changes in the linear dimensions of window openings and blocks during their operation from temperature and humidity deformations and shrinkage;
  technical characteristics of the materials of the assembly seam, based on providing the necessary resistance to operational loads (for example, the size of the outer insulating tape is selected based on the calculated degree of compression, which makes it possible to obtain the specified values ​​of water and vapor permeability);
  temperature conditions for the production of installation work.
  5.6.3 The nominal dimensions and configuration of window openings must correspond to those established in the working project documentation. Recommended maximum deviations from the nominal dimensions of the height and width of the opening: plus 15 mm. The deviation from the vertical and horizontal should not exceed 3.0 mm per 1 m, but not more than 8 mm for the entire height or width of the opening. Deviations from the vertical and horizontal must be within the tolerances for deviations in height and width.
  The dimensions of the mounting gaps (taking into account the permissible limit deviations) when installing window blocks in accordance with GOST 23166 are shown in Figure 2.
  5.6.4 Limit deviations from overall dimensions boxes of window blocks are installed in the regulatory documentation for products. Figure 2 - Dimensions of mounting gaps (seams) when installing window blocks from various materials in accordance with GOST 23166
  Deviations from the vertical and horizontal of the parts of the boxes of mounted window blocks should not exceed 3.5 mm per 1 m of length, but not more than 3 mm for the height of the product.

  5.7 Surface preparation requirements for mounting gap

  5.7.1 When preparing the window structure and opening for installation, the requirements of paragraphs 5.6.3, 5.6.4 must be observed.
  5.7.2 Edges and surfaces of openings should not have gouges, shells, mortar sags and other damage with a height (depth) of more than 5 mm. Defective places should be puttied with waterproof compounds.
  Surfaces with oil contamination; should be degreased. Loose, crumbling areas of surfaces must be hardened (processed binders or special film materials).
  5.7.3 Before installing insulating materials in the mounting seam, the surfaces of window openings and structures must be cleaned of dust and dirt, and in winter conditions - from snow, ice, frost, followed by surface heating.

  6. Acceptance rules

  6.1 Acceptance of finished assembly joints is carried out at construction sites in batches. The number of window openings with installed window blocks and completed assembly seams, made using the same technology and issued with one acceptance certificate (quality document), is taken as a batch.
  6.2 Assembly joints are accepted by:
• input quality control of the materials used;
• quality control of the preparation of window openings and window blocks;
• monitoring compliance with the requirements for the installation of window blocks;
• production operational control;
• acceptance tests in the course of work;
• classification and periodic laboratory tests of materials and assembly seams carried out by testing centers (laboratories).
  The incoming quality control of materials and products, the quality control of the preparation of window openings and the installation of window blocks, as well as periodic tests in the production of work on the installation of assembly seams are carried out by a construction laboratory or a quality control service of a construction (installation) organization.
  The results of all types of control are recorded in the appropriate quality logs. Completion of work on the installation of assembly seams is drawn up by an act on hidden works and the act of their delivery and acceptance.
  6.3 Input quality control of materials and products during their receipt and storage is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the RD and project documentation. At the same time, they check certificates of conformity, sanitary and epidemiological conclusions, expiration dates, labeling of products (containers), as well as compliance with the conditions established in supply contracts.
  6.4 The quality control of the preparation of window openings and the installation of window blocks is carried out in accordance with the technological documentation for the production of installation work, taking into account the requirements of the current regulatory documentation and this standard. At the same time, they check:
• surface preparation of window openings and window blocks; dimensions (limit deviations) of window openings and blocks; deviations from dimensions when installing window blocks; deviations from the dimensions of mounting gaps;
• other requirements established in the working design and technological documentation. The quality of the preparation of window openings is documented by the act of acceptance of window openings.
  6.5 Production operational quality control is carried out by the responsible executor of work sequentially for each operation of the technological process in accordance with the requirements of the manufacturer's documentation.
  6.6 Acceptance tests during the performance of work on the construction joints are carried out by the quality control service (construction laboratory) of the construction organization at least 1 time per shift. At the same time, they check:
• the quality of installation of mounting tapes (including their adhesion strength to joint surfaces), insulation and other materials (upon completion of work on each layer of the seam);
• temperature and humidity parameters of work conditions.
  If the technology for installing window blocks provides for a 2-3 day installation period (for example, 1 day - installing window blocks on mounting wedges and laying the outer layer materials; 2 day - applying the mounting materials of the central and inner layers), then quality control of the assembly seam is carried out on the same window blocks.
  6.7 Classification and periodic laboratory tests are carried out at the request of design, construction and other organizations to confirm the classification characteristics and performance of field joints. Tests are carried out in testing centers (laboratories) accredited for the right to conduct such tests.
  It is allowed to determine the characteristics of assembly joints by calculation methods according to the normative documentation approved in the prescribed manner.
  6.8 The manufacturer confirms the acceptance of the assembly joints by issuing a quality document (passport), which must contain:
• name and address of the installation organization;
• name and address of the place of work;
• symbol and (or) description of the design with a list of used insulating materials, drawings, technical characteristics of the assembly seam (including fasteners);
• the number of assembly seams presented for acceptance;
• date of issue of the passport;
• stamp of the quality service and the signature of the responsible person;
• warranty obligations;
• other information, based on specific working conditions. 6.9 Acceptance of work on the installation of field joints is formalized by an acceptance certificate signed by the contractor and the customer, to which is attached a quality document (passport), copies of the approval and measurement protocols and, at the request of the customer, sanitary and epidemiological conclusions for insulating materials.
  6.10 In the event of disputed (arbitration) issues regarding the quality of the assembly joints during the warranty period, the customer has the right to demand a control opening of the assembly joints. In this case, it is recommended to use the control plan shown in Table 2.
  A batch of assembly welds is accepted if the number of defective welds in the first sample is less than or equal to the acceptance number and rejected without assigning a second sample if the number of defective welds is greater than or exceeds the rejection number. If the number of defective welds in the first sample is greater than the acceptance number, but less than the rejection number, they proceed to the second stage of control and make a second sample. A batch of assembly seams is accepted if the number of defective seams in the second sample is less than or equal to the acceptance number.
  If the number of defective welds exceeds the acceptance number during the second stage, all assembly joints must be opened and checked individually. Defective assembly seams should be repaired and rechecked.
  table 2

  7. Test methods

  7.1 Methods for testing materials during incoming quality control are established in the technological documentation, taking into account the requirements of the RD for these materials. Test methods for production operational control qualities are established in the technological documentation, taking into account the requirements of this standard.
  7.2 Surface preparation of window openings (5.7) is assessed visually. The geometric dimensions of mounting gaps and the dimensions of defects are measured using a metal measuring tape according to GOST 7502, a metal ruler according to GOST 427, a caliper according to GOST 166 using methods according to GOST 26433.0 and GOST 26433.1,
  7.3 When measuring deviations from the plumb line (vertical) and the horizontal level of the corresponding surfaces of window openings and structures, the measurement rules in accordance with GOST 26433.2 should be used.
  7.4 Appearance and the quality of the installation of elements and the arrangement of layers of the assembly seam are evaluated visually from a distance of 400-600 mm with an illumination of at least 300 lux.
  7.5 Determination of the strength of adhesion (adhesion) of sealing tapes and gaskets to structural elements during periodic tests during the production of works is carried out in the following sequence;
  with the help of a special cutting tool(for example, a cutter) cut the edge of the tape installed on the surface of the field joint;
  the edge of the tape is clamped in a special grip and is torn off through a dynamometer along the normal to the adhesion surface, while fixing the force of separation;
  Stripping of the tape must occur with a force of at least 0.4 kg/cm.
  7.6 Methods of acceptance and periodic laboratory tests.
  7.6.1 The resistance to heat transfer of mounting joints is determined by the calculation method as the sum of the thermal resistances of individual layers, taking into account the heat transfer coefficients of the inner and outer surfaces of the wall. At the same time, the thermal conductivity coefficient of the materials used is taken according to the test results in accordance with GOST 7076. The assessment of the temperature regime of the junction points of the window block to the wall opening is carried out by conducting laboratory tests or by the calculation method according to the methods approved in the prescribed manner, taking into account the provisions of Appendix G.
  7.6.2 Air and water permeability of construction joints is determined according to GOST 26602.2.
  Tests are carried out using a special device, the design of which is shown in Figure 3. The device is a cassette (for example, wooden) with a blank panel installed in it. The internal profile of the bars of the cassette imitates the dimensions and configuration of the slopes of the window opening.
  The panel is a box of a window block, sheathed on both sides with sheet material (for example, waterproof plywood according to ND).
  The surfaces of the cassette and panel must have a waterproof coating.
  The gap between the cassette and the window block sample, as well as the design and technology of the assembly seam device, are accepted according to constructive solution junction node, adopted in the design documentation.
  The device is installed in the opening of the test chamber on sealing gaskets. The test conditions are specified in the test program.
  7.6.3 Sound insulation is determined according to GOST 26602.3. For the test, use the device according to 7.6.2. The internal volume of the panel is sheathed with sheet sound-absorbing material and filled with dry sand. The device is installed in the opening of the test chamber on soundproof putty. The structural solution of the panel must provide sound insulation of at least 40 dB.
  7.6.4 The resistance of the outer insulating layer to ultraviolet irradiation is determined using the test mode given in GOST 30673 (irradiation in the Xenotest apparatus). The tests are carried out on three samples of materials of the insulating layer with a length of at least 200 mm. The test result is considered satisfactory if, after testing, there are no breaks, cracks, shells, delaminations and streaks on the surface of each sample.
  
  

  Figure 3 - Device for testing assembly joints for air, -water permeability and sound insulation
  7.6.5 Resistance to vapor permeability and vapor permeability of the materials of the construction seam is determined according to GOST 25898.
  7.6.6 Water absorption of heaters is determined according to GOST 17177.
  7.6.7 The peel resistance (adhesion strength) of the materials of the outer and inner insulating layers is determined according to GOST 10174.
  7.6.8 To determine the adhesive strength of foam insulation, the amount of force required to break the bond between the insulation and the structural material is determined under the action of tensile forces directed perpendicular to the contact plane.
  The number of samples for testing - at least 5.
  Equipment and fixtures:

• discontinuous machine, which ensures the destruction of the sample with the speed of movement of the active grip (10 ± 1) mm / min and allows you to measure the value of the breaking force with an error of not more than 1%;
• a special fixture installed in the clamps of the testing machine. The fixture must ensure that the longitudinal axis of the sample coincides with the direction of the applied force.
  Samples for testing
  Samples are made by pouring and foaming insulation in a metal mold with an inner diameter of (51 ± 0.5) mm and a height of at least 30 mm, in the bottom of which a disk of structural material (for example, polyvinyl chloride or aluminum alloy) is fixed. The inner cylindrical surfaces of the mold are lubricated with grease. The surface of the disc must be degreased. After foaming and curing, the insulation is machining it is brought in diameter to the size of the disk (0 50 ± 0.5 mm), and in height up to (30 ± 1) mm. It is allowed to use rectangular samples with a size of (50x50x30) ± 0.5 mm. The two samples thus obtained are glued together in pairs with epoxy glue.
  The procedure for conducting and processing the test results
  The glued sample is installed in the clamps of the machine with the help of fixtures. The tests are carried out at a temperature of (20 ± 2) °C and at a speed of movement of the grippers of the machine (10 ± 1) mm / min.
  Tension is carried out until the sample is destroyed or detached from the substrate, while fixing the highest load achieved during the tests.
  Both parts of the tested sample are subjected to visual inspection to determine the nature of the destruction (by insulation, adhesive seam or mixed).
  The adhesion strength of the insulation with the structural material, a, MPa (kgf / cm), is calculated by the formula:
  where: Pmax is the maximum force at the break or destruction of the sample, kgf.
  S is the cross-sectional area of ​​the sample, cm2.
  The test result is taken as the arithmetic mean of the sample test results.
  7.6.9 The deformation resistance of the field joint is determined by the maximum value of its deformation under the influence of a force directed perpendicular to the plane of the field joint, at which its integrity is maintained. It is allowed to carry out this type of test of the assembly seam on foam insulation.
  The number of samples for testing - at least 3.
  Equipment and fixtures:
• tensile machine, which ensures the destruction of the sample with the speed of movement of the active grip (10 ± 1) mm/min and allows you to set the value of the breaking force with an error of not more than 1%;
• a special fixture with a holder for placing samples of the assembly seam. The fixture during testing should ensure that the transverse axis of the sample coincides with the direction of the applied force (Figure 4);
• a special device for preparing samples of foam insulation and installing them in a testing machine (a diagram of the device is shown in Figure 4a).
  

  Figure 4 - Scheme of a device for testing assembly joints for deformation resistance.
  

  I - the position of the plates at a given (initial) sample thickness (h1);
  II - the position of the plates at the highest compression of the sample (h2);
  III - the position of the plates at the highest tension of the sample (h3).
  Figure 4a Scheme of the device for preparing samples and testing the foam insulation for deformation resistance.
  Samples for testing
  Samples of the assembly seam for testing are obtained by layer-by-layer filling of the holder special device insulating materials in accordance with the design solution and installation work technology (Figure 4).
  Samples of foam insulation for testing are obtained by filling it with the body of the device shown in Figure 4a. The inner diameter of the case, which determines the size of the sample, is (60 + 0.2) mm, the height of the inner cavity of the case is 30 mm (excluding the thickness of the restrictive plates).
  The inside surface of the housing must be lubricated with grease. An aluminum plate with a diameter of (60-0.2) mm is installed on the bottom of the device case before the foam is poured. The second plate with a diameter of (65-0.5) mm is installed in the upper part of the body in the form of a cover and rigidly fixed in any way. Foam is poured into a hole with a diameter of 8 mm in the side wall of the housing. To remove excess foam, the same hole is provided on the other side of the body. After pouring the foam, the sample is kept for at least a day, after which the sample is removed from the housing.
  Test procedure
  A clip with a sample of the assembly seam (or a sample of foam insulation) is installed in the grips of the machine. The sample, which is a cylinder of hardened foam, sandwiched between two aluminum plates, is installed in the grips of the machine. The test is carried out at a temperature of (20 ± 2) ° C by successive stretching and compression of the sample. The value of tension and compression, mm, is set based on the purpose of the assembly seam. Produce at least 20 cycles of tension-compression of the sample. Between each cycle, the sample is held without load for at least 30 minutes.
  Evaluation of test results
  After completion of the test, the samples are subjected to a visual inspection of the surfaces of the sample. The test result is considered satisfactory if each sample does not have through delaminations and destruction.
  Deformation stability is determined by the formula: where, dh - the size of the movement of the punch (the difference between the thickness of the sample in tension and compression), mm; h1 - given (initial) sample thickness, mm.
  7.6.10 The resistance of the assembly joint to the effects of operating temperatures is determined by the materials of the outer insulating layer. Frost resistance is assessed according to brittleness temperature according to GOST 7912 (bending diameter 400 mm) and heat resistance according to GOST 2678.
  7.6.11 The durability (service life) of the assembly seam is determined according to the normative documents and methods approved in the prescribed manner. Compatibility of materials is confirmed by tests for the durability of the assembly seam.

  8. Manufacturer's warranties

  The manufacturer of the works guarantees the compliance of the assembly joints with the requirements of this standard, provided that the operational loads on the assembly joints do not exceed the calculated ones (specified in the project documentation).
  The warranty period for the assembly seam is established in the contract between the manufacturer of works and the customer, but not less than 5 years from the date of signing the acceptance certificate. 1 - foam insulation; 2 - insulating self-expanding vapor-permeable tape; 3 - frame dowel; 4 - sealant: 5 - vapor barrier tape; 6 - mounting gap compensator (can be used to insulate the slope and isolate the foam insulation from the plane of possible condensation); 7 - plaster layer of the inner slope (with a chamfer for the sealant layer).
  Figure A.1- The node of the lateral adjoining of the window block to the opening with a quarter in the brick wall, with the finishing of the inner slope with plaster mortar.
  1 - plaster layer of the outer slope (with a chamfer for the sealant layer); 2 - construction screw; 3 - sealant; 4 - false quarter from the corner; 5 ~ insulating self-expanding vapor permeable tape; 6 - frame dowel; 7 - foam insulation; 8 - sealant; 9 - vapor barrier tape; 10 - finishing element of the inner slope; 11 - rail.
  Figure A.2- Node of lateral adjoining of the window block to the opening without a quarter in a brick wall and finishing the internal slope cladding panel.
  1 - insulating self-expanding vapor-permeable tape; 2 - foam insulation; 3 - flexible anchor plate; 4 - sealant; 5 - vapor barrier tape; b - dowel with a locking screw; 7 - plaster layer of the inner slope (with a chamfer for the sealant layer).
  Figure A.3- The node of the lateral adjoining of the window block to the opening with a quarter of the layered brick wall with effective insulation and finishing the inner slope with plaster mortar
  1 - window sill; 2 - foam insulation; 3 - vapor barrier tape; 4 - flexible anchor plate; 5 - support block under the window sill; 6 - plaster mortar; 7 - dowel with locking screw; 8 - insulating self-expanding vapor-permeable tape; 9 - drain; 10 - noise-absorbing gasket; 11 - waterproof vapor-permeable tape; 12 - lumber insert
  Figure A.4- Knot of the lower junction of the window block, window sill and drain to the opening of the layered wall with effective insulation
  1 - lumber insert; 2 - dowel with locking screw; 3 - plaster layer of the inner slope (with a chamfer for the sealant layer); 4 - flexible anchor plate; 5 - vapor barrier tape; 6 - sealant; 7 - foam insulation; 8 - steel jumper with anti-corrosion coating: 9 - insulating self-expanding vapor-permeable tape
  Figure A.5- The node of the upper junction of the window block to the lintel from the steel angle in the opening of the multilayer wall with brick cladding 1 - foam insulation; 2 - insulating self-expanding vapor-permeable tape; 3 ~ frame dowel; 4 - sealant; 5 - vapor barrier tape; 6 ~ internal slope finishing panel; 7 - rail; 5 - plaster leveling layer of the inner slope
  Figure A.6- Node of lateral adjoining of the window block to the opening with a quarter in the wall of cellular concrete blocks (density 400 - 450 kg / m3) with brick cladding and finishing of the inner slope with a panel 1 - plaster layer of the outer slope (with a chamfer for the sealant layer): 2 - sealant; 3 - flashing; 4 - remote gasket (washer); 5 - insulating self-expanding vapor-permeable tape; b - foam insulation; 7 - frame dowel; 8 - sealant; 9 - vapor barrier tape; 10 - plaster layer of the inner slope (with a chamfer for the sealant layer)
  Figure A.7- Node of lateral adjoining of the window block to the opening without a quarter in the wall of cellular concrete blocks with finishing of the facade, external and internal slopes with plaster mortar 1 - exterior trim element window slope; 2 - insulating self-expanding vapor-permeable tape; 3 - waterproof vapor-permeable tape; 4 - frame dowel; 5 - foam insulation; 6 - vapor barrier tape; 7 - decorative flashing
  Figure A.8- Node of lateral connection of the window block to the opening of the concrete wall with external insulation of the facade, and the installation of an internal decorative trim
  1 - vapor barrier tape; 2 - window sill; 3 - foam insulation; 4 - plaster mortar; 5 - support block of the window sill; 6 - insulating self-expanding vapor-permeable tape; 7 ~ waterproof vapor-permeable tape; 8 - drain; 9 - noise damping pad
  Figure A.10- Knot of the lower junction of the window block, window sill and drain to the opening of the wall panel 1 - foam insulation; 2 - insulating self-expanding vapor-permeable tape; 3 - flexible anchor plate; 4 - decorative flashing; 5 - vapor barrier tape; b - finishing element of the inner slope; 7 - dowel with locking screw
  Figure A.9- Node of lateral adjoining of the window block to the opening of the wall panel, with the finishing of the inner slope with a panel
  1 - insulating self-expanding vapor-permeable tape; 2 - connector
  Figure A.11- Window frame connection unit
  1 - insulating self-expanding vapor-permeable tape; 2 - corner connector Figure A.12- Knot of angular connection of window boxes 1 - channel for supplying warm air from heater to the window block (strobe in a screed of plaster mortar); 2 - window sill; 3- decorative lattice outlet
  Figure A.13- Scheme of the lower junction with a channel for supplying warm air from the heater to the window unit

  APPENDIX B (recommended). Requirements for fasteners and installation of window blocks.

  B.1 Fasteners are designed for rigid fixation of window blocks to wall openings and for transferring wind and other operational loads to wall structures.
  B.2 For fastening window frames to wall openings, depending on the wall structure and the strength of wall materials, various universal and special fasteners (parts and systems) are used, Figure B.1:
  - spacer frame (anchor) metal or plastic dowels, complete with screws. The screws may have a countersunk or cylindrical head;
  - universal plastic dowels with locking screws;
  - construction screws;
  - flexible anchor plates. Screws, screws and plates are made of stainless steel or steel with an anti-corrosion zinc chromated coating with a thickness of at least 9 microns.
  Fastening window frames and anchor plates to wall openings with nails is not allowed. If it is necessary to fasten the window unit to walls made of low-strength materials, it is allowed to use special polymer anchor systems.
  B.Z Expanding metal frame anchor dowels are used to provide resistance to high shear forces when fastening window blocks to walls made of concrete, solid brick and with vertical voids, expanded clay concrete, aerated concrete, natural stone and other similar materials.
  
  Figure B.1 - Examples of fasteners
  Expandable plastic frame dowels are used in aggressive environments in order to prevent contact corrosion, as well as for the purpose of thermal insulation of the connected elements.
  The length of the dowels is determined by calculation depending on the operational loads, the profile size of the window block box, the width of the mounting gap and the wall material (the depth of the dowel to be embedded in the wall must be at least 40 mm, depending on the strength of the wall material). The diameter of the dowel is determined by calculation depending on the operational loads; in general, it is recommended to use dowels with a diameter of at least 8 mm. Dowel material - structural polyamide according to ND. For the manufacture of screws and screws, steels with a tensile strength of at least 500 N/sq.m. are used.
  B.4 The bearing capacity of frame dowels (permissible pull-out loads) is taken according to the manufacturer's technical documentation. Reference values ​​​​of the bearing capacity (permissible loads for pull-out and shear) of frame expansion dowels with a diameter of 10 mm are given in Table B.1.
  B5 Plastic dowels with locking screws are used to fasten window blocks to walls made of bricks with vertical voids, hollow blocks, lightweight concrete, wood and other building materials with low compressive strength. The length and diameter of plastic dowels with locking screws are taken similarly to B.4. For fastening window blocks to mounting wooden embedded elements and draft boxes, construction screws are allowed.
  B.6 Flexible anchor plates are used for fastening window blocks to multilayer walls with effective insulation. Mounting on flexible anchor plates is possible when installing window blocks in other wall structures. Anchor plates are made of galvanized sheet steel with a minimum thickness of 1.5 mm. The bending angle of the plate is selected locally and depends on the size of the mounting gap. The plates are attached to the window blocks before they are installed in the openings using construction screws with a diameter of at least 5 mm and a length of at least 40 mm. To a multilayer wall, flexible anchor plates are attached to the inner layer of the wall with plastic dowels with locking screws (at least 2 attachment points for each plate) with a diameter of at least 6 mm and a length of at least 50 mm.
  
  
  Table B.1 - Reference values ​​​​of the bearing capacity of frame expansion dowels with a diameter of 10 mm.
  B.7 It is allowed to use other fasteners and systems, the design and conditions of use of which are established in the technical documentation.
  B.8 To seal the dowels in the wall opening, holes are drilled. The drilling mode is selected depending on the strength of the wall material. There are the following drilling modes:
  - clean drilling mode (without impact) is recommended when preparing holes in hollow bricks, light concrete blocks, polymer concrete;
  - drilling mode with light impacts is recommended when drilling holes in solid bricks;
  - perforation mode is recommended for concrete walls with a density of more than 700 kg/m3. and structures made of natural stones.
  B.9 The drilling depth of the holes should be more than the anchored part of the dowel, at least by one screw diameter. To ensure the calculated traction force, the diameter of the drilled hole should not exceed the diameter of the dowel itself, while the hole must be cleaned from drilling waste. The distance from the edge of the building structure when installing dowels should not be less than 2 times the anchoring depth.
  B.10 The location and configuration of fasteners should not lead to the formation of thermal bridges that reduce the thermal parameters of the assembly joint.
  Options for fastening window blocks to walls are shown in Figure B.2. Recommended minimum penetrations (driving depth) of construction screws and dowel fit are given in Table B.2
  B. 11 The heads of dowels and locking screws should be buried in the inner fold of the box profile, the mounting holes should be closed with decorative caps (plugs).
  Table B.2 - Recommended minimum penetrations (screw-in depth) and dowel landings
  Figure B.2 - Schemes for fastening window blocks to walls

INTERSTATE COUNCIL FOR STANDARDIZATION. METROLOGY AND CERTIFICATION

INTERSTATE COUNCIL FOR STANDARDIZATION. METROLOGY AND

CERTIFICATION (ISC)

INTERSTATE

STANDARD

MOUNTING SEAMS OF CONNECTION OF WINDOW BLOCKS TO WALL OPENINGS

General specifications

Official edition

Standartinform

Foreword

The goals, basic principles and basic procedure for carrying out work on interstate standardization are established by GOST 1.0-92 “Interstate standardization system. Basic Provisions” and GOST 1.2-2009 “Interstate Standardization System. Interstate standards, rules and recommendations for interstate standardization. Rules for the development, adoption, application, updating and cancellation "

About the standard

1 DEVELOPED by the Limited Liability Company NUEPTs "Interregional Window Institute" (NIUPTs "Interregional Window Institute") with the participation of the Institution "Scientific * Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Building Sciences" (NIISF RAASN). State Unitary Enterprise "Scientific Research Institute of Moscow Construction" (SUE "NIIMosstroy")

2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 465 "Construction"

3 ADOPTED by the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization, Technical Regulation and Conformity Assessment in Construction (MNTKS) (Minutes No. 40 dated June 14, 2012)

Short country name no MK (ISO 3166) 004-97	Country code no MK (ISO 3166) 004-97	Abbreviated name of the body of state regulation of construction
Azerbaijan		Gosstroy
		Ministry of Urban Development
Kyrgyzstan		Gosstroy
		Ministry of Regional Development
Tajikistan		Agency for Construction and Architecture under the Government
Uzbekistan		Gosarchitectsgroy
		Minoegion Ucoaina

4 By order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology of December 27, 2012 No. 1983-st, the interstate standard GOST 30971-2012 was put into effect as the national standard of the Russian Federation from January 01, 2014.

5 INSTEAD OF GOST 30971-2002

Information about changes to this standard is published in the annual information index "National Standards", and the text of changes and amendments - in the monthly information index "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, a corresponding notice will be published in the monthly information index to the National Standards. Relevant information, notification and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet

© Standartinform. 2014

In the Russian Federation, this standard cannot be fully or partially reproduced, replicated and distributed as an official publication without the permission of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology

Introduction

This standard is intended for use in the performance of work on filling mounting gaps between the surface of the wall opening and the planes of the box of the window (door) block, as well as in the design of the junctions of window and door blocks.

This standard has been developed based on technical analysis long-term operation of window (door) blocks in various climatic conditions on the territory of the Russian Federation and the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States.

This standard is aimed at improving the comfort of living, increasing the durability and energy efficiency in construction in terms of increasing the requirements for heat-shielding characteristics of the junctions of window (door) blocks.

The requirements of this standard are intended for use by organizations operating in the field of construction and design, regardless of ownership and state affiliation.

Appendix 6 Examples of constructive solutions for window junctions

Annex D Calculation method for assessing the temperature regime of nodes

Annex E Evaluation of the thermal characteristics of the junctions of window blocks to wall openings in laboratory

Appendix G Methodology for determining the water permeability of the junctions of window blocks to wall openings in laboratory

Annex I Methodology for determining the air permeability and defects of the junctions of window blocks to wall openings

INTERSTATE STANDARD

MOUNTING JOINTS FOR CONNECTION OF WINDOW BLOCKS TO WALL OPENINGS General specifications

Erection to joints of window assemblies adjoined to wall openings

Introduction date - 2014-01-01

1 area of ​​use

This standard applies to assembly joints at the junctions of window blocks (including balcony) and translucent structures to openings in the outer walls of heated buildings.

This standard is used in the development of design and technological documentation for the production of installation work in new construction and reconstruction (including the replacement of window structures in operated premises).

The requirements of this standard can be applied in the design and installation of junctions for external doors, gates, stained glass structures and strip glazing.

This standard does not apply to all types of hinged facade structures, winter gardens and translucent roofs, as well as attic window blocks, for window blocks for special purposes in terms of additional requirements for fire safety, protection against burglary.

2 Normative references

This standard uses normative references to the following interstate standards:

GOST 8.586.1-2005 (ISO 5167-1:2003) State system for ensuring the uniformity of measurements. Measurement of flow and quantity of liquids and gases using standard orifice devices. Part 1: Principle of the measurement method and general requirements

GOST 166-89 (ISO 3599-76) Calipers. Specifications GOST 427-75 Measuring metal rulers. Specifications GOST 2678-94 Roll roofing and waterproofing materials. Test Methods

GOST 7076-99 Construction materials and products. Method for determining thermal conductivity and thermal resistance in a stationary thermal regime

GOST 7502-98 Metal measuring tapes. Specifications GOST 10174-90 Polyurethane foam gaskets for windows and doors. Specifications

GOST 17177-94 Heat-insulating building materials and products. Test Methods

GOST 21751-76 Sealants. Method for determining the conditional strength of relative elongation at break and relative residual deformation after break GOST 23166-99 Window blocks. General specifications GOST 24700-99 Wooden window blocks with double-glazed windows. Specifications GOST 25898-83 Building materials and products. Methods for determining the resistance to vapor permeation

GOST 26254-84 Buildings and structures. Methods for determining the resistance to heat transfer of enclosing structures

GOST 26433.0-85 System for ensuring the accuracy of geometric parameters in construction. Rules for performing measurements. General provisions

GOST 26433.1-89 System for ensuring the accuracy of geometric parameters in construction. Rules for performing measurements. Prefabricated elements

Official edition

GOST 26433.2-94 System for ensuring the accuracy of geometric parameters in construction. Rules for performing measurements of parameters of buildings and structures

GOST 26589-94 Roofing and waterproofing mastics. Test methods GOST 26602.2-99 Window and door blocks. Methods for determining air and water permeability

GOST 26629-85 Buildings and structures. Method of thermal imaging quality control of thermal insulation of enclosing structures

GOST 27296-87 Noise protection in construction. Sound insulation of enclosing structures. Measurement methods

GOST 30494-96 Residential and public buildings. Indoor microclimate parameters GOST 31167-2009 Buildings and structures. Methods for determining the air permeability of enclosing structures in natural conditions

Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of the reference standards according to the "National Standards" index, compiled as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding information indexes published in current year. If the reference standard is replaced (modified), then when using this standard, you should be guided by the replacing (modified) standard. If the referenced standard is canceled without replacement, the provision in which the reference to it is given applies to the extent that this reference is not affected.

3 Terms and definitions

In this standard, the following terms are used with their respective definitions:

3.1 weather protection: An additional element installed outside to protect against the effects of atmospheric phenomena (rain, snow, wind, etc.) in case the material of the outer layer of the installation joint does not provide the required protection class.

3.2 water and air barrier layer: A layer that prevents the penetration of moisture or steam from the wall material

3.3 deformation stability of the assembly joint: The ability of the joint to perceive changes in the linear dimensions of the assembly gap within the specified limits (the value of the maximum allowable deformation) while maintaining the main indicators under operational influences, expressed in cycles.

3.4 durability which determines its ability to maintain operational qualities for a given period, confirmed by test results and expressed in conditional years of operation.

3.5 installation gap: The space between the surface of the wall opening and the frame of the window (door) unit.

Note - There is an end (side) mounting gap - the space between the wall opening and the end surface of the window box and a front mounting gap - the space between the surface of a quarter (flshchetverti) of the wall opening and the front surface of the window box.

3.6 mounting seam: An element of the junction, which is a combination of various insulating materials that fill the mounting gap and has specified characteristics.

3.7 window quarter: Part of the wall protruding beyond the slope plane of the window opening.

3.8 vapour-permeable sealant

3.9 pre-compressed sealing tape special formulations. An adhesive layer is applied to one of the sides of the sealing tape, which can be reinforced with glass fiber (or other material) and protected with an anti-adhesive film according to regulatory documents 1 .

3.10 window sill lower beam window frame and made of wood. PVC. stone, metal, reinforced concrete.

3.11 working degree of compression of the tape: The ratio of the width of the tape after installation in the assembly seam to the maximum value of its expansion, at which the performance characteristics (parameters) declared by the manufacturer are provided.

"In the Russian Federation, GOST R 53338-2009 applies. 2

3.12 field joint layer: Component (zone) of the field joint. performing certain functions and meeting specified requirements.

3.13 junction of a window (balcony) block to a wall opening: Structural system that provides interface between the wall opening (including the details of the outer and inner slopes) with the box of the window (balcony) block, including the mounting seam. window sill, ebb, as well as facing and fasteners.

Figure 1 - Scheme of installing a window block in the opening of the outer wall of the building

1 - central layer; 2 - outer sealing layer; 3 - inner sealing layer; 4 - additional sealing layer; 5 - low tide; b - window sill

3.14 operational force impact on the assembly seam: Impact on the assembly seam. resulting from deformations of the wall opening and the box of the window block due to changes in temperature and humidity conditions and wind loads during operation.

3.15 operating conditions: Temperature and humidity characteristics of the internal microclimate, the region of construction and installation of the assembly seam.

4 Classification

4.1 Classes of assembly joints

Depending on the basic requirements of operation, assembly joints are divided into classes according to table 1.

Table 1 - Classification of assembly joints according to performance characteristics

Notes

1 The value of the relative humidity of the indoor air in the room, below which there is no condensation on the inner surface of the installation seam. determine for the temperature conditions of the coldest five-day period of the construction region and the conditions of the internal microclimate in the room according to its purpose. The determination of the value is carried out by the calculation method in accordance with the methodology in accordance with Appendix D or during a full-scale survey in accordance with the methodology in accordance with Appendix E.

2 The value of the permissible deformation of the assembly seam is taken according to the worst indicator materials of the outer, central and inner layers and is determined as a percentage.

3 The value of the permissible deformation of the assembly joint is determined as the ratio of the value of the largest possible operational change in the size of the assembly joint without its destruction or reduction of the specified characteristics to the initial value of this size.

4 The required classes of assembly joints are established in the working documentation for the junctions

window blocks to wall projects._

4.2 Symbol

4.2.1 The symbol of the assembly seam should include the letter index "ШМ" - the assembly seam, numerical designations of classes in terms of relative humidity, water permeability, air permeability, the value of permissible deformation and the designation of this standard.

An example of a symbol for a mounting seam with classes in terms of relative humidity - S. values ​​​​of permissible deformation - A, according to GOST 30971-2012:

SHM 8-A GOST 30971-2012

Note - In the documentation for field joints (agreement, contract, etc.), it is recommended to indicate the characteristics of the joints for other classified parameters, as well as technical information as agreed between the manufacturer and the consumer (including specific values ​​​​of the technical characteristics of field joints and materials used for their devices, confirmed by test results).

If the class is not indicated in the documentation for the mounting seams, then it must be at least class B.

5 Technical requirements

5.1 General

5.1.1 Mounting seams of junctions of window and door blocks are made in accordance with the requirements of this standard for design and technological documentation approved in the prescribed manner.

5.1.2 When developing structural solutions for field joints, a set of materials should be used that work together and ensure that the following requirements are met:

Tightness (impermeability) when exposed to precipitation and wind in accordance with applicable normative documents(ND); determined by the outer layer:

Lack of local freezing along the contour of the adjoining window block to the wall opening;

Operating load resistance:

Durability in accordance with the estimated life of the window block, but not lower than the requirements of this standard.

8 depending on the installation site, wall opening designs and operating conditions, the mounting seams of the window and door block junctions can have a different design and number of layers, while the rule must be observed: the inside is denser than the outside.

The materials used in the manufacture of assembly seams of the junctions of window and door blocks must ensure the possibility of their replacement during operation after the durability specified in this standard. The use of non-replaceable materials is allowed provided that their durability is confirmed for the entire period specified in the contract.

5.1.3 The construction of the assembly joint includes three or four layers with different functional purposes:

The main central layer - providing heat and sound insulation;

The outer layer of sealing - ensuring the diffusion of moisture from the assembly seam and protection from atmospheric influences (rain moisture, ultraviolet radiation, wind);

Inner sealing layer - providing vapor barrier and protection of the insulating layer from diffuse vaporous moisture from inside the room.

When installing window structures in external walls built using wet processes (masonry, cast-in-situ concrete), it is necessary to protect the insulation layer from the migration of technological moisture from the adjacent wall by installing an additional layer:

Additional layer - a water and vapor barrier between the middle layer of the seam and the surface of the opening, which can be arranged to prevent moisture or steam from penetrating the seam from the wall material.

Deformations of the window (door) block resulting from temperature differences (shear and tension - compression forces) must be perceived by any one layer of the assembly seam or due to the joint work of the materials of two or three layers.

the choice of a constructive solution for the junction of the window (door) block to the opening of the outer wall is carried out at the stage of development of architectural and design solutions, taking into account the existing loads and is confirmed by the corresponding calculations.

Application of the constructive principle of the device assembly seam. different from that specified in this paragraph above, is allowed subject to appropriate justification in the form of calculations, full-scale or laboratory tests.

mounting seam options are shown in Figure 2 (see options A and B).

I - outer water-proof vapor-permeable layer;

II - central heat and sound insulation layer:

III - inner vapor barrier layer:

IV - additional water and vapor barrier layer

Figure 2 - variant of the assembly seam device

5.1.4 Structural solutions for mounting joints should be developed taking into account the material of the outer walls and the geometry of window openings, as well as special technological requirements required for window blocks in accordance with GOST 23166. Examples of design solutions for the junctions of window blocks to wall openings are given in Appendix c.

5.1.5 Assembly joints must be resistant to various operational influences and loads: atmospheric factors. temperature and humidity influences from the premises, force (temperature, shrinkage, etc.) deformations, wind and other loads (not in accordance with the required class).

Requirements for thermal performance and deformation resistance of assembly joints must comply with the values ​​of Table 1 and are established in the design and working documentation.

5.1.6 Materials for the installation of assembly joints are selected taking into account the force operational impacts.

5.1.7 The thermal performance of the assembly joint must ensure that the temperature on the inner surface is not lower than the dew point temperature at the given values ​​of the internal microclimate (depending on the purpose of the room) in accordance with GOST 30494 and the outside air for the temperature conditions of the coldest five-day period of a particular region.

5.1.8 Air parameters. water resistance and sound insulation of the seam should not be lower than the corresponding indicators for the window block.

Note - The required levels of sound insulation are provided by the design of the junction, which includes the assembly seam. The specified characteristics of assembly joints are not regulated by the requirements of this standard, but are ensured by compliance with the requirements of GOST 27296.

5.1.9 The general design solution of the junction (including the mounting seam, elements of additional weather protection, slope finishing, as well as all other elements that ensure the connection of the window unit with the opening in the finished form) should exclude the possibility of cold air infiltration through the mounting joints in winter (through blowing).

5.1.10 The outer sealing layer (see item 2, figure 1) may have additional weather protection in the form of special profile elements, security flashings, overlays, etc.

From the inside, the mounting joints are covered with a plaster layer or details of the window slopes and window sills.

8 of the lower part of the window opening, protection against atmospheric influences is additionally provided by the ebb (see position 5. Figure 1), additional profile elements, etc.

5.1.11 The durability of the assembly joints must be at least 20 conditional years of operation.

5.1.12 General requirements for the materials of the field joint - in accordance with Appendix A.

5.2 Dimensional requirements

5.2.1 The minimum dimensions of mounting gaps for window blocks of various designs are taken in accordance with Table 2, Figure 3, and also from the condition of ensuring the possibility of free thermal expansion of the window block without the occurrence of bending deformations of the profile elements.

It is recommended to additionally confirm the design dimensions of mounting gaps in relation to the climatic conditions of the construction area by calculating the possible temperature change in the size of the window block in the direction perpendicular to the designed seam (Appendix B).

The value of the mounting gap for strip glazing structures exceeding 6 m and facade glazing is taken on the basis of technical calculations (recommendations from the manufacturer of the profile system).

Figure 3 - Mounting gap location

5.2.2 The dimensions and configuration of window openings must comply with those established in the working design documentation.

Table 2 - Mounting clearance dimensions

Material profile elements	Overall size of the window block, mm	Mounting gap size, mm
2 Aluminum alloys
3 white PVC
4 white PVC
5 pvc. mass dyed
6 pvc. mass dyed

The maximum size of the mounting gap is determined based on the characteristics of the material of the central layer, the recommended size is no more than 60 mm.

5.2.3 Deviation from the vertical and horizontal of the sides of the opening should not exceed 4.0 mm per 1 m.

Verification is carried out in three ways:

Building level, while measuring the width and height is carried out at least three times;

Measuring the diagonals of the opening.

Laser plane builder.

5.2.4 When determining the mounting clearances, it is necessary to take into account the maximum deviation from the dimensions of the window block boxes. Deviations from the vertical and horizontal of the mounted window blocks should not exceed 1.5 mm per 1 m of length, but not more than 3 mm for the height of the product. Installation of window blocks in openings with deviations in geometric dimensions exceeding those specified in 5.2.3. not allowed.

5.3 Requirements for the preparation of mounting gap surfaces

5.3.1 The edges and surfaces of the openings should not have gouges, shells, sagging of mortar and other damage with a height (depth) of more than 10 mm.

Defective places should be puttied with waterproof compounds.

Voids in the slopes of wall openings (for example, cavities at the junctions of the facing and main layers of brickwork at the junctions of lintels and masonry; punctures formed when boxes were removed when replacing window blocks, etc.) should be filled with rigid foam insulation inserts. anti-seltified wood or plaster mixtures. When using mineral wool insulation, it is recommended to provide protection against moisture saturation. When installing window blocks in quarter openings, the recommended advance for a quarter of the window block box should be at least 10 mm.

Oily surfaces should be degreased. Loose, crumbling areas of the opening surfaces must be hardened (treated with binders or special film materials).

5.3.2 Before installing insulating materials into the mounting gap, the surfaces of window openings and structures must be cleaned of dust, dirt and oil stains, and in winter conditions - from snow, ice, frost, followed by surface heating.

5.3.3 The sequence of technological operations necessary to perform the assembly seam. is developed in the project for the production of works in the form of technological maps. Technological maps should be developed taking into account the general climatic features of the construction area, as well as the expected time of year for installation work.

Development technological map or the regulations should be carried out taking into account the operations necessary to prepare the surfaces of the wall opening, as well as taking into account the requirements established in Appendix D.

5.4 Safety requirements

5.4.1 When performing work on the installation of field joints, as well as during the storage and processing of waste insulating and other materials, the requirements of building codes and rules for safety in construction, rules fire safety in the production of construction and installation works, sanitary norms and safety standards, including the system of labor safety standards (SSBT). Safety instructions must be developed for all technological operations and production processes (including operations related to the operation of electrical equipment and work at height).

5.4.2 Persons involved in the installation must be provided with overalls and personal protective equipment in accordance with RD.

5.4.3 Persons involved in the installation, when hiring, and also periodically, must undergo a medical examination in accordance with the current rules of the health authorities, safety briefing and be trained in the rules of safe work.

5.4.4 For all installation operations (including loading and unloading and transport), safety instructions for work must be developed and approved in the prescribed manner.

5.5 Environmental requirements

5.5.1 All field joint materials must be environmentally friendly. In the course of transportation, storage and operation, these materials should not release toxic substances into the environment in concentrations exceeding the permissible limits.

5.5.2 Disposal of waste generated during installation should be carried out through their industrial processing in accordance with the terms of the current RD and legal documents.

6 Acceptance rules

6.1 Acceptance of finished assembly joints is carried out at construction sites (or house-building enterprises). Acceptance is subject to window openings with installed window blocks and completed assembly seams, made using the same technology.

6.2 Acceptance of assembly joints is carried out in stages by:

Input control of the materials used;

Control of the preparation of window openings and window blocks:

Monitoring compliance with the requirements for the installation of window blocks;

Production operational control:

Acceptance tests upon completion of work;

Qualification and periodic laboratory tests of materials and assembly seams carried out by testing centers (laboratories).

The results of all types of control (tests) are recorded in the relevant log books.

Completion of work on the installation of assembly seams is drawn up by an act for hidden work and an act of their acceptance.

6.3 Input control of materials and products upon their receipt and storage is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the RD for these materials and products. At the same time, they check the sanitary and epidemiological conclusions, expiration dates, labeling of products (containers), certificates of conformity (if any), a document confirming the quality of the batch for the materials used, containing the results of acceptance and periodic tests in the scope of technical indicators, in accordance with Annex A. as well as the fulfillment of the conditions established in the supply contracts.

6.4 Control of the preparation of window openings and installation of window blocks is carried out in accordance with the technological documentation for the production of installation work, taking into account the requirements of the current design documentation and this standard.

When drawing up the act of acceptance of the scope of work, check:

Surface preparation of window openings:

Dimensions (limit deviations) of window openings:

Deviations from the dimensions of mounting gaps;

Compliance of mounting clearances with the requirements of working documentation (RD);

Other requirements established in the RD and technological documentation.

If the quality of the openings does not meet at least one of the above requirements, then the opening cannot be accepted according to the acceptance certificate, and an act is drawn up with a list of shortcomings that need to be eliminated.

6.5 When drawing up the act of installing fasteners, check:

Type and dimensions of fasteners:

Compliance of the location of fasteners with the requirements of the RD;

Compliance with the depth (screwing) and fit of the dowels with the dimensions specified in the RD-

6.6 When drawing up a quality certificate for filling mounting gaps, check:

Depth of filling, size of the assembly seam;

Absence of voids, cracks, delaminations:

Shell size (if any).

6.7 When drawing up a quality certificate for applying the outer and inner layers of the assembly seam, check:

Compliance of the installation of insulating materials with the requirements of the RD:

The thickness of the layer and the width of the strip of contact of the sealant with the surfaces of the window opening and window structure.

6.8 Operational quality control of assembly joints is carried out immediately after the completion of sealing work before the start of finishing the internal slopes, while:

Window openings for carrying out control measurements are chosen arbitrarily;

To assess the quality of sealing, non-destructive testing methods are used according to the criterion of continuity and uniformity of the sealing contour along the perimeter of the window opening:

To evaluate the above parameters, the method of remote temperature measurement by a non-contact method is used on the inner and outer surfaces of the weld in accordance with the control measurement scheme shown in Figure 5. using a portable pyrometer. Instruments used for measurements must pass the primary verification according to (1).

The measurement results are recorded in a special annex to the act of acceptance for hidden work.

1 - overall contour of the window unit: 2 - mounting seam: 3 - control points along the perimeter of the window opening for measuring temperatures on the inner surface of the seam;

Where is the temperature of the inner surface of the wall; Where is the temperature of the outer surface of the wall; T * w - temperature of the inner surface of the weld; Гнш - temperature of the outer surface of the weld; H - distance from the plane of the window opening to the measurement point

Figure 5 - Scheme of control measurement of temperatures for quality assessment

execution of the assembly seam

6.9 The control of the thermal characteristics of the mounting step is carried out according to the method in accordance with Appendix D.

6.10 Classification and periodic laboratory tests of assembly joints are carried out at the request of design, construction and other organizations to confirm the classification characteristics and performance of assembly joints in accordance with Appendix A.

It is allowed to determine the characteristics of assembly joints by calculation methods according to ND. approved in the prescribed manner.

7 Test methods

7.1 Methods for testing materials during incoming quality control are established in the technological documentation, taking into account the requirements of the RD for these materials and the requirements of this standard.

7.1.1 Determination of the conditional strength and relative elongation at break of sealants, diffusion and vapor barrier tapes is determined according to GOST 21751.

7.1.2 Determination of tensile strength and elongation at break of foam sealant

7.1.2.1 Test specimen

The test specimen is a prism of cured foam with cross-sectional dimensions of 50><50 мм и толщиной 30 мм. приклеенную между двумя жесткими пластинами, приготовленную следующим образом.

The foam can is preliminarily shaken 20-30 times. the pitch is released from the cylinder into a mold measuring 50 mm wide. 50 mm high and 300 mm long, which is lined with anti-adhesive paper from the inside (surface treatment with actiadhesive compounds is allowed). The surfaces of the form are pre-moistened.

After curing, excess foam protruding beyond the dimensions of the mold is cut off. Five prisms of foam of the required size are cut out of the resulting board.

The samples are glued to metal plates measuring 70x50 mm. The thickness of the plates is chosen from the condition that they should not be deformed under the force arising from the destruction of the sample. Plates can be concrete, metal, wood or other material. The adhesive should not destroy the structure of the foam and provide the adhesion strength of the foam to the plates higher than the strength of the foam itself at destruction.

7.1.2.2 Conducting the test

The tensile test is carried out on a tensile testing machine according to GOST 21751 at a speed of 10 mm/min. A sample of tin plates is fixed in the clamps of a tensile testing machine.

A tensile force is applied perpendicular to the sample surface in a direction that mimics the direction of force loads on the material under conditions of its use. An example of attaching samples to a tensile testing machine is shown in Figure 6.

7.1.2.3 Evaluation of results

Tensile strength S p , MPa. calculated according to the formula

where F p is the maximum tensile force. H;

S - cross-sectional area, mm 2.

The test result is taken as the arithmetic mean value of the indicator, calculated from at least three parallel determinations, the discrepancy between which does not exceed 10%.

Elongation at break e.%, calculated by the formula

Figure 6 - An example of attaching a sample to a tensile testing machine when determining the tensile strength of a flax seal

where / 0 is the initial height of the sample, mm:

/h - the height of the sample at the moment of rupture, mm.

The arithmetic mean value of the indicator calculated from at least three parallel determinations is taken as the test result, and the mean value should not differ from any used in the calculation by more than 20%.

7.1.3 The adhesion strength of sealants with materials of wall openings and window structures is determined according to GOST 26589. method B.

7.1.4 Peel resistance (adhesion strength) of film and tape materials is determined according to GOST 10174.

7.1.5 Determination of the adhesion strength of foam insulation with materials of wall openings and window structures

7.1.5.1 Test pieces

The adhesion strength is determined on samples - fragments of seams, in which a foam seam measuring 50x50x30 mm is located between two substrates. The samples are prepared by the foaming method. As substrates, a material is used for which the adhesion strength of the foam is determined: P8X. metal, concrete, painted wood, etc. The size of the substrates must be 70x50 mm. and the thickness is 3-20 mm depending on the type of material.

For the manufacture of samples, a mold is prepared from chipboard or other rigid material with the following dimensions: width 70 mm. height

70 mm and length 300 mm. lined with paper on the inside. The substrates are laid in the form across the length so. to between 1st and 2nd. 3rd and 4th and so on for five samples, the distance was 30 mm. the distance should be set with wooden inserts measuring 10x30x70 mm. wrapped with release paper. Foam prepared in accordance with 7.1.2.1. fill the space between the liners approximately 60% with the adapter bottle and 100% with the gun bottle. After curing, the samples are removed from the mold and cleaned of excess foam. There should be five samples for testing.

7.1.5.2 Testing - according to 7.1.2.2.

7.1.5.3 Evaluation of results

The adhesive strength of the foam insulation with the substrate material is calculated in accordance with 7.1.2.3. The nature of the destruction of the samples is also fixed: adhesive or cohesive.

7.1.6 Water absorption of flax insulation by volume under surface exposure to water is determined according to subsection 10.4 of GOST 17177.

7.1.7 Resistance to air penetration and coefficient of vapor permeability of the materials of the assembly seam - according to GOST 25698.

7.1.8 Thermal performance of the materials of the assembly seam - according to GOST 7076.

7.2 Methods for qualification and periodic laboratory testing

7.2.1 The deformation resistance of the field joint is determined during cyclic tension-compression tests with the value of the allowable deformation corresponding to the performance class at which the integrity of the joint is maintained.

7.2.2 Test pieces

The test is carried out on samples - fragments of welds made according to 7.1.5.1. 8 substrates with dimensions of 100x50 mm can also be used as substrates in the manufacture of samples. accordingly, the width of the mold for making samples should also change. The number of samples for testing is at least three.

7.2.3 Conducting the test

For testing, a low-cycle fatigue machine of the MUM-3-100 type is used (see Figure 7) or any testing machine that provides sign-variable deformation of specimens with given value strain and speed. The test speed should be 5-10 mm/min. The test is carried out at a temperature (2013) °C.

The value of tensile deformation - compression is set in the test program, corresponding to a certain class of assembly seam. but not less than 8%. The amplitude of the tensile deformation - compression l (, mm. is calculated by the formula

where £ is the specified deformation. %; b - sample thickness, mm; l(- amplitude of stretching - compression, mm;

Spend at least 20 cycles of stretching - compression of the samples.

7.2.4 Evaluation of results

After completion of the cyclic tests, the samples are subjected to visual inspection. The test result is considered satisfactory if each sample does not have through delaminations, delaminations from the substrates and destruction.

Figure 7 - Low-cycle fatigue machine when testing foam insulation for deformation resistance

7.3 The resistance of the assembly joint to the effects of operating temperatures is determined by the materials of the outer insulating layer.

7.3.1 The frost resistance rating is determined by flexibility on a beam with a curvature radius of 25 mm in accordance with GOST 26589 at a temperature of minus 20 ° C for ordinary seams and minus 40 ° C for frost-resistant seams.

7.3.2 The heat resistance rating is determined according to GOST 26589.

7.4 Surface preparation of window openings is assessed visually.

7.5 Geometric dimensions of mounting gaps, wall openings, mounted window

structures and the dimensions of defects in the surfaces of openings are measured with a metal measuring tape according to GOST 7502, a metal ruler according to GOST 427, a caliper according to GOST 166 using methods according to GOST 26433.0 and GOST 26433.1. It is allowed to use other

measuring instruments verified (calibrated) in accordance with the established procedure, with an error specified in regulatory documents.

When measuring deviations from the plumb line (vertical) and the horizontal level of the surfaces of window openings and structures, you should use the measurement rules in accordance with GOST 26433.2.

7.6 The appearance and quality of the installation seam layers are assessed visually under illumination of at least 300 lux at a distance of 400-600 mm.

The thickness of the sealant layer and the width of the strip of contact with the surfaces of the window opening and window structure are checked as follows.

7.7 The thickness of the sealant used as the outer (inner) layer of the assembly joint. measured after the sealant has cured. A U-shaped incision is made in the sealant layer, the cut out part of the sealant is bent outward.

The marked U-shaped section of the sealant is separated from the foam base and the thickness of the narrowest part of the sealant film is measured using a caliper.

To control the degree of compression K". % of self-expanding tape (PSUL), it is necessary to select a piece of tape, measure the restored size in terms of thickness H ^ the width of the seam at the point of tape selection H and calculate the degree of compression using the formula

7.8 Methods for qualification and periodic laboratory testing

7.8.1 The thermal characteristics of the assembly seam are determined by the calculation method in accordance with Appendix D. in laboratory conditions or by field examination according to the method in accordance with Appendix E.

The water permeability of the sealants of the outer layer is determined according to GOST 2678.

7.8.2 The air permeability of assembly joints is determined in laboratory conditions according to the method specified in GOST 26602.2. Determination of the air permeability of assembly joints in natural conditions is recommended to be carried out together with the control of the overall air permeability of a building or a separate room in accordance with GOST 31167 (Appendix I).

When testing in laboratory conditions, the opening of the test chamber must be identical to the design of the wall opening, and the sample of the window block - to the window block given in the design documentation for the tested assembly seam (junction). The design and technology of the assembly seam device is adopted in accordance with the design solution of the junction set in the design documentation.

7.8.3 Sound insulation of assembly joints is determined according to GOST 27296.

The requirements for the test chamber are the same as those specified in 7.8.2, but the following conditions must be met:

the box of the window block is filled with a panel, carefully isolating the gaps in the connection of the box and the panel.

the structural solution of the panel and the insulation of gaps during sound insulation tests must provide a design sound insulation of at least 45 dBA.

test conditions are specified in the task (direction) for testing.

7.8.4 The resistance of the assembly joint to the effects of operating temperatures is determined by the materials of the outer insulating layer.

7.8.5 Methods for testing the indicators of materials used for the installation of field joints are established in the ND for these materials and the current standards.

7.8.6 The durability (service life) of the field joint may be determined as the minimum durability of the materials that make up the outer central or inner layer of the field joint. determined by methods agreed and approved in the prescribed manner.

7.8.7 The compatibility of the materials of the field joint is confirmed by comparing the pH values ​​\u200b\u200bof the contacting materials, while the contact of materials with an acidic or alkaline reaction is not allowed.

8 Manufacturer's warranties

The contractor guarantees the compliance of the construction joints with the requirements of this standard, provided that the requirements of this standard are observed and that the operational loads on the construction joints comply with the design values ​​established in the RD.

The warranty period for the installation seam is set in the contract between the manufacturer of the work and the customer, but not less than five years from the date of signing the acceptance certificate at the construction site or from the date of shipment of the prefabricated panel with the installed window block.

General requirements for the materials of the assembly seam

A1 General requirements for materials

A.1.1 The materials used in the construction of field joints must comply with the requirements of standards, specifications and the terms of supply contracts. Use of materials from expired suitability is allowed only if the results of repeated (additional) tests for their compliance with the established requirements are positive.

A. 1.2 The materials used in the construction of field joints must have a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion in accordance with the legislation of the state.

A. 1.3 Materials used for assembly joints should have a working temperature of use in the range from minus 10 *C to plus 40 *C.

A. 1.4 The mounting assembly must be designed so that the durability of the materials used for the assembly joints is at least 20 years in accordance with 5.1.9.

A. 1.5 Materials used for the device of various layers of the assembly seam. must be compatible with each other, as well as with the materials of the wall opening, window frame and fasteners.

A.1.6 the possibility of using one or another combination of materials should be checked by calculating the humidity regime of the assembly joint, taking into account the operating conditions of the premises. The defining criteria in accordance with the current ND are:

Inadmissibility of moisture accumulation in the assembly seam during the annual period of operation;

Limiting the accumulation of moisture in thermal insulation layer for the period of operation with negative average monthly outdoor temperatures.

A. 1.7 When making assembly joints with a vapor permeability of the outer waterproofing layer of less than 0.25 m 2 h Pa / mg and a vapor permeability of the inner vapor barrier layer of more than 2 m * h-Pa / mg, checking the humidity regime according to A.1.6 is not required.

A. 1.8 Materials for the installation of field joints should be stored in compliance with the storage conditions specified in the RD for these materials.

A.2 Requirements for the outer layer

A.2.1 The outer layer of the field joint must be waterproof under rain exposure and a given (calculated) pressure drop between the outer and inner surfaces of the field joint.

The water permeability limit of the assembly seam must be at least 300 Pa.

A.2.2 The materials of the outer layer should not interfere with the removal of vaporous moisture from the central layer of the joint.

The value of resistance to vapor permeability of the outer layer of the seam should be no more than 0.25 m 2 h Pa / mg.

A.2.3 The materials of the outer layer of the field joint shall be resistant to the following operating temperatures:

For regular seams - from plus 70 *C to minus 30 *C;

For frost-resistant joints - from plus 70 * C to minus 31 ° C and below.

A.2.4 When making the outer layer with a vapor-permeable sealant, the requirements given in Table A.1 must be met.

Table A1 - Specification for vapor permeable sealants

Name of indicator	measurements	Meaning indicator
Conditional strength at the moment of rupture, not less than
Relative elongation e moment of rupture on sample blades, not less than
Adhesion strength with materials of wall openings and window structures, not less than
Permissible deformation, not less than *
Note - Reference indicators are marked with the sign "*".

The contact surface of the layer of vapor-permeable sealant with the material of the wall opening and the window block must be sufficient to provide the required adhesion strength. The width of the contact layer is at least 3 mm.

The actual layer thickness should be set in the AD. Minimum Thickness layer after shrinkage should not be less than that. where the sealant was tested for durability. In the absence of data on the thickness of the specimens during durability tests, it must be taken equal to 3 mm. The maximum layer thickness should be no more than that. on which the values ​​of resistance to steam penetration corresponding to A.2.2 were obtained.

The maximum allowable curvature radius of the sealant layer in the areas of the "mounting foam / window block" and "mounting foam / wall opening" joints must be specified in the manufacturer's RD for the sealant.

The thickness of the sealant layer is measured according to 7.7.

The surface of the sealant must not have cracks, the sealant layer must not delaminate or flake off the materials of the field joint.

A.2.5 When making the outer layer with self-expanding sealing vapor permeable tapes, the following requirements must be met:

The value of the coefficient of vapor permeability in the state of working compression is not less than 0.14 mg / (mchPa);

The water absorption of the surface of self-expanding sealing tapes by volume during the working compression of the tape for 12 hours should not exceed 4%;

Self-expanding sealing tapes should close the mounting gap at a state close to the optimum working compression ratio, which should be at least 25% of their full expansion. The compression resistance of sealing tapes at 50% deformation must be at least 2.5 kPa:

The resistance to peeling of sealing and diffusion tapes from the concrete base must be at least 0.3 kN/m (kgf/cm).

In cases where tapes are used to seal mounting gaps in building structures intended for operation with increased wind (for example, in high-rise construction) and other loads, sealing tapes should be used in conjunction with protective overlay profiles (flashings).

A.2.6 When using plaster mortars in the outer layer of the mounting joint, it is necessary to ensure appropriate adhesion with the materials of the wall and the structure of the window unit, at the junction of the plaster mortar to PVC profile sealing is required.

The application of a plaster layer, putty or coloring compositions that worsen the performance of assembly joints on the vapor-permeable material of the outer layer is not allowed.

A.3 Core layer requirements

A.3.1 The central layer should provide the required thermal performance of the assembly joint.

A.3.2 As a rule, polyurethane foams are used as core layer materials. The optimal width of the foam sealant layer is 15-60 mm. depth - not less than the thickness of the light-transparent structure box. Production of work using polyurethane foam is allowed at a temperature not lower than minus 10 °C. Specifications for the foam insulation of this layer are given in table A.2

Table A.2 - Technical characteristics of foam insulation

Name of indicator	measurements	Meaning indicator
1 Tensile strength, not less than*
2 Elongation at break, not less than
3 Thermal conductivity coefficient in dry state, not more than*
4 Moisture absorption by volume with surface exposure to moisture for 24 hours, no more*
5 Adhesion strength with materials of wall openings and window structures, not less than

End of table A.2

As the material of the middle layer, other sealants can be used (for example, german. jute bundles, polyethylene foam tubes or tapes installed from the side of the inner layer of the seam), providing reliable performance mounting seam when installing by caulking with a degree of material compression of at least 75%.

At the same time, resistance to temperature effects must be ensured in the entire temperature range for the construction region.

A.3.3 The resistance to vapor permeability of the central layer of the construction joint should be in the range of values ​​of this indicator for the outer and inner layers.

8 in the case of using profiles of window block boxes with a width of more than 80 mm and if the width of the mounting gap exceeds the dimensions provided for by this standard by more than 1.5 times, the gap should be filled in layers, with intervals between layers according to the technology recommended by the foam insulation manufacturer.

Cutting off excess foam sealant is allowed both from the outside and from the inside, provided that the sealant is covered with a continuous insulating layer.

A.3.4 In the case of an additional water and vapor barrier layer, insulating tapes (usually without aluminum foil), mastics or sealants are used to prevent diffusion moisture from the side of the wall opening on the materials of the central layer. The value of resistance to vapor permeability of the additional water and vapor barrier layer should not be lower than this indicator for the inner layer of the seam.

A.3.5 The filling of the mounting gap with heat-insulating materials should be continuous, without voids and leaks, gaps, cracks and overflows. Delaminations, through gaps, cracks, as well as shells larger than 6 mm are not allowed.

A.4 Requirements for the inner layer

A.4.1 The inner layer shall provide a vapor barrier for the installation joint.

The vapor permeability of the inner layer must exceed that of the central layer and have a vapor permeability of at least 2.0 m 2 h Pa/mg.

A.4.2 As materials for the inner layer, mainly self-adhesive tapes and vapor barrier elastic sealants are used.

A.4.3 Vapor barrier materials along the inner contour of the mounting gap must be laid continuously, without gaps, gaps and non-permeable areas.

A.4.4 When making the inner layer with a vapor barrier elastic sealant, the following requirements must be met:

Conditional strength at the moment of rupture is not less than 0.1 MPa:

Relative elongation at the moment of rupture on sample blades is not less than 200%:

The contact surface of the sealant with the material of the wall opening and the window block must be sufficient to provide the required adhesion strength. The width of the contact layer must be at least 3 mm:

The actual layer thickness should be set in the AD. The minimum thickness of the layer after shrinkage shall meet the requirements for vapor permeability according to A.4.1 and durability lo 5.1.11.

In the absence of data on the thickness of the specimens during durability tests, it is assumed to be 3 mm.

The layer thickness is measured according to 7.7:

Materials of the inner layer may be applied to the butovochny cord (tube) made of foamed elastic polyethylene with water absorption by volume of not more than 1.5%;

The surface of the sealant should not have cracks, the sealant layer should not exfoliate.

Calculation of the temperature change in the size of the window block

Estimated change in the size of the element of the window box (frame) dL. m. in the direction perpendicular to the designed seam. determined by the formula (B.1):

AL = (k-ATI)K np . (B.1)

where I is the size of the window box element in the direction perpendicular to the designed seam, m;

k - coefficient of thermal expansion of the window frame profile material, taken for:

Pine, spruce / oak wood - 5/8 (* 10) in C;

Steel - 10(*10)*C;

Fiberglass - 12(*10) in C;

Aluminum -23(*10)*С;

PVC profiles reinforced with a steel insert, white/colored - 40/50(*10)®С;

DG - the temperature interval that causes the maximum possible change in the size of the window frame for a given climatic region, determined by the formula (B.2):

(B.2)

where Гтп is the absolute minimum air temperature for a given climatic region, determined according to the current normative documents;

the maximum possible heating temperature of the surface of the box (frame) profile under operating conditions due to an unfavorable combination high temperature outdoor air and directed exposure to solar radiation, for a white surface equal to 55 °C. for non-white color - 70 °C.

K pr - dimensionless correction factor, taking into account the effect of uneven heating (cooling) of the box profiles in cross section, taken for white window blocks K w = 0.4 and non-white color = 0.5.

Examples of constructive solutions for junctions of window blocks to wall openings

insulating self-expanding vapor-permeable tape (PSUL); 2 - foam insulation: 3 - anchor plate; 4 - laroeolation sealant

Figure B.1 - Node of the upper (lateral) junction of a window block to an opening with a quarter in a brick wall using PSUL tape without finishing

internal slope

1 - vapor-permeable sealant: 2 - frame dowel: 3 - decorative cap: 4 - sealant: 5 - foam insulation: b - vapor barrier sealant; 7 - plaster mortar

Figure B.2a - Knot of the upper (lateral) junction of a window block to an opening with a quarter in a brick wall using a vapor-permeable sealant with finishing the inner slope with a plaster mortar

5 - linen insulation; b - vapor barrier sealant; 7 - plaster mortar; 8 - insulation

Figure 8.25 - The node of the upper (lateral) junction of the window block to the opening with a quarter in a brick wall with an inward displacement using a vapor-permeable sealant

with finishing of the inner slope with plaster mortar

1 - insulating self-expanding vapor-permeable tape (PSUL) with a PVC flashing; 2 - foam insulation: 3 - anchor plate; 4 - vapor barrier tape

Figure B.3 - The node of the upper (lateral) junction of the window block to the opening without a quarter in a single-layer concrete panel wall using PSUL

1 - vapor-permeable sealant; 2 - foam insulation; 3 - frame dowel;

4 - vapor-tight sealant or vapor barrier tape; 5 - PVC corner; 6 - polyethylene film; 7- drywall sheet with coloring; 8 - PVC corner

Figure B.4 - Node of the upper (lateral) junction of the window block to the opening without a quarter in a single-layer concrete panel wall using sealants and finishing the inner slope with a moisture-resistant gypsum board

1 - low tide: 2 - noise damping lining; 3 - linen insulation; 4 - support block; 5 - PVC corner; 6 - vapor-tight sealant or vapor barrier tape;

7 - support bar: 8 - PVC window sill; 9 - plaster mortar

Figure B.5 - Knot of the lower junction of the window block to the opening without a quarter in a single-layer concrete panel wall using a laro-insulation tape

1 - insulating self-expanding vapor-permeable tape (PSUL); 2 - anchor plate; 3 - foam insulation; 4 - vapor-tight sealant or vapor barrier tape;

5 - liner made of antiseptic lumber; b - dowel with locking screw

Figure B.6 - Node of the lateral (upper) junction of the window block to the opening in a three-layer concrete panel wall with effective insulation using PSUL and vapor barrier tape

1 - ventilated facade (shown conditionally): 2 - anchor F6 * 60 (fixing pitch - 500 mm); 3 - airtight sealant: 4 - foam insulation: 5 - vapor-tight sealant: 6 - anchor plate: 7 - dowel with locking screw

Figure B.7 - Assembly of the upper (side) junction to the opening in the wall with a ventilated facade with brick cladding using sealants

1 - kaschelnik: 2 - vapor-permeable sealant: 3 - decorative cap; 4 - construction screw; 5 - silicone sealant; b - laro-insulating sealant; 7 - linen insulation

Figure B.8a - The node of the upper (side) node of the junction of a wooden window block to the opening in

frame wall

1 - flashing; 2 - vapor-permeable sealant: 3 - decorative cap; 4 - construction screw: 5 - silicone sealant: 6 - vapor barrier sealant: 7 - foam insulation

Figure B.86 - The node of the upper (side) node of the junction of a wooden window block to the opening in

timber and timber wall

1 - low tide: 2 - noise damping lining; 3 - foam insulation: 4 - waterproofing tape;

5 - support block; 6 - silicone sealant; 7 - construction screw; 8~ anchor plate:

9 - silicone sealant; 10 - vapor barrier tape: 11 - support bar; 12-building screw;

13 - anti-gelled bar

Figure B.9 - Knot of the lower junction of a wooden window block to an opening in a wooden wall

Rules for fixing window blocks in wall openings

D.1 Installation and fastening of window blocks

D.1.1 The choice of the installation location of the window block according to the depth of the wall opening is determined according to the design decision. In this case, the mounting clearances in accordance with 5.6.1 should be taken into account.

D.1.2 Window blocks are set according to the level within the permissible deviations and temporarily fixed with adjusting wedges or in another way at the corner joints of boxes and imposts. After installation and temporary fixation, the box of the window block is attached to the wall opening using fasteners (see Figure B.1). Mounting wedges are removed in front of the installation of the insulating layer of the mounting seam. When installing window blocks, it is allowed to use support blocks, which, after fastening, are turned from the mounting position to the working position (see Figures B.2 and B.3), their installation sites are filled with insulation material from the outside and inside sides.

c) Fastening with flexible anchor plates

a) Fastening with expansion frame dowels (closed reinforcement of the box)

b) Fastening with expansion frame dowels (U-shaped reinforcement of the box)

Figure D.1 - Schemes for fastening window blocks to the wall

D.1.3 The choice of fasteners and their embedment depth in the wall are set in the design documentation based on the calculation of the bearing capacity of the fasteners.

The distance between the fixing points of the window along the contour of the opening is set on the basis of the technical requirements of the manufacturer of the profile system.

The distance from the inner corner of the box to the fastener should not exceed 150-160 mm; from the node of the impost connection to the fastener - 120-180 mm.

The minimum distances between fasteners should not exceed those specified in Table D.1:

Table D.1 - Distances between fasteners

D, 1.4 To transfer the loads acting in the plane of the window unit to the building structure, support (bearing) pads made of polymeric materials with a hardness of at least 80 units are used. Shore A or impregnated protective equipment hard wood. The number and location of the support pads are determined in the technological documentation. The recommended block length is 100-120 mm. Support pads are installed after attaching the window unit to

wall opening with fasteners.

An example of the location of the attachment points of the box and the supporting (bearing) blocks and fasteners during the installation of the window unit is shown in Figure D.2.

6) Window block with a beimpost (shulp) porch

a) Window unit with vertical mullion

A - distance between fasteners; shtt - support (carrier) pads;

Fasteners (systems).

Figure D.2 - Examples of the location of the support (carrier) blocks

and fasteners

a) Window unit c b) Window unit c c) Window unit c

tilt-and-turn swing system non-opening

sash opening system

A - distance between fasteners;

M* - support (bearing) pads;

- "- fasteners (systems)

Figure D.Z - Examples of the location of support (bearing) blocks and fasteners in single-leaf window blocks

D.2 Requirements for finishing window openings

D.2.1 The junctions of overhead internal slopes (regardless of their design) to the box of the window block and the mounting seam must be sealed, and measures must be taken to prevent the appearance of cracks and cracks during operation (for example, sealing the junctions with sealants or other materials that have sufficient deformation resistance).

D.2.2 When installing a window drain at the junctions to the wall opening and the box of the window block, it is necessary to provide conditions that exclude moisture from entering the mounting seam. and under the drains, gaskets (dampers) should be installed to reduce the noise impact of raindrops. The slope of the drain must be at least 100 * from the vertical plane.

D.2.3 The junction of the window sill to the box of the window unit must be tight, airtight and resistant to deformation effects. The installation of the window sill is carried out on supporting bearing pads, the dimensions and number of which must provide a load in the vertical plane of at least 100 kg. When the window sill is extended more than 1/3 of the width from the wall plane, it is recommended to install additional brackets. The deflection of the window sill should not be more than 2 mm per 1 m of length.

E.1 Essence of the method

This method is designed to assess the temperature regime of the junctions of window blocks to stack openings and to select the most rational design solution for mounting joints, taking into account the geometric shape, location and thermal conductivity of sealing materials, window blocks and wall structures.

The essence of the method lies in modeling the stationary process of heat transfer through the junctions of the window block to the wall opening using the appropriate software.

E.2 Software requirements

D.2.1 Software, with which the calculation is performed, must have accompanying technical documentation and provide the ability to calculate a two-dimensional (flat) or three-dimensional (spatial) temperature field, heat flows in a given area of ​​enclosing structures under stationary heat transfer conditions.

E.2.2 The input of initial data should be carried out either in graphical form (from the screen of a monitor, scanner, graphic or design file), or in the form of tabular data and provide the ability to set the required characteristics of materials and boundary conditions of the calculated structure in a given area. Both the use of a databank and the possibility of entering initial data should be provided.

E.2.3 The presentation of the calculation results should provide the possibility of visualizing the temperature field, determining the temperature at any point in the calculated area, determining the total incoming and outgoing heat flows through specified surfaces.

E.2.4 The final results of the calculation should be presented in a documented form and include the calculated temperatures of the outdoor and indoor air, heat transfer coefficients of surfaces, temperature distribution over a given section of the calculated unit.

E.3 General instructions

E.3.1 Assessment of the temperature regime of the junctions of the window block to the wall openings should be carried out for the following characteristic sections (see Figure E.1):

junction of a window block with a wall (horizontal section);

The junction with the window sill (vertical section);

The interface node with the lintels of the window opening (vertical section):

Connection unit for the threshold of a balcony door with a floor slab (for balcony doors).

When using the program for calculating three-dimensional temperature fields, the estimate

the temperature regime of these sections can be carried out on the basis of the calculation of one spatial block, which includes a fragment of the outer wall with filling the window opening.

For surfaces adjacent to outdoor and indoor air. - in accordance with the outlines of the structural elements of the fences:

For surfaces (sections) limiting the calculation area - along the symmetry axes of the enclosing structures or at a distance of at least four thicknesses of the structural element falling into the section.

E.3.3 Boundary conditions should be taken:

For surfaces adjacent to outdoor and indoor air. - in accordance with the design standards of the relevant buildings and structures and the climatic area of ​​construction;

For surfaces (sections) limiting the computational domain, heat flux and heat transfer coefficients. - equal to zero.

E.3.4 It is recommended to calculate the temperature regime of the junction points in the following order:

The dimensions of the computational domain are determined and characteristic sections are selected:

Compose design diagrams of junction nodes, while complex configurations of sections, for example, curvilinear ones, are replaced with simpler ones if this configuration has a slight

influence in terms of heat engineering;

Initial data are prepared and entered into the program: geometric dimensions, calculated thermal conductivity coefficients, calculated temperatures of outdoor and indoor air, calculated heat transfer coefficients of surface areas:

Perform the calculation of the temperature field;

The calculation results are visualized, the nature of the temperature distribution in the area under consideration is analyzed, the temperature of the inner and outer surfaces is determined at individual points; set the minimum temperature of the inner surface; the results of the calculation are compared with the requirements of this standard and other normative documents; determine the total heat flow included in the calculation area: if necessary, the design solution of the junction is changed and re-calculations are carried out;

Prepare a documented report on the results of calculations.

E.4 Basic requirements for accompanying technical documentation

Accompanying technical documentation should contain:

Scope of the software tool:

Information about the certification of software products;

Detailed description of the purpose of the program and its functions;

Description of mathematical models used in the program:

Information about the specialist who performed the calculation, and his qualifications.

E.5 Calculation example

It is necessary to calculate the temperature field and evaluate the possibility of condensation on the surface of the junction of a window block made of glued wood according to GOST 24700 to the wall of a single-layer brick wall made of solid brick on cement-sand mortar (horizontal section). The outer waterproofing layer is a pre-compressed sealing tape, the central layer is a foam insulation, the inner layer is a vapor barrier tape. The surface of the window slope is insulated with a thermal insert made of extruded polystyrene foam 25 mm thick. The main dimensions and characteristics of the materials of the window unit and the outer wall are shown in Figure E.2.

Initial data: design temperature of the indoor air (, р = 20 °С: design temperature of the outdoor air tf - minus 28 °С; temperature of the "dew point" Гр - 10.7 °С; design heat transfer coefficient of the inner surface of the wall a* - 8.7 W/ (m 2 ° C), the calculated heat transfer coefficient of the inner surface of the window block a in ° * = 8.0 W / (m 2 ° C) The heat transfer coefficient of the outer surface of the wall and window block a " = 23.0 W / (m 2 ° C).

The design area of ​​the junction node is taken along the axes of symmetry of the window block and the wall of the outer wall. The design scheme is shown in Figure E.2a). scheme for setting the boundary conditions in Figure D.26).

The results of the calculation are presented in Figure D.3 in the form of temperature distribution (isotherms) over the cross section of the calculated area and the temperature values ​​of the inner and outer surfaces at some of the most characteristic points.

An analysis of the calculation results shows that the minimum temperature of the inner surface is observed in the zone of conjugation of the window frame with the slope of the window opening and is t p Wft = 12.6 °C. Comparison of the minimum temperature of the inner surface with the dew point temperature indicates the absence of conditions for condensation to form on the surface of this junction (at the same time, the temperature on the inner surface of the double-glazed window in the area of ​​the distance frame is 3.4 °C, which leads to condensation in this area, but not contradicts the requirements of the current regulations).

1 - horizontal section: 2.3. 4 - vertical sections a) window block 6) balcony door

Figure D.1 - Scheme of the arrangement of sections for checking the temperature regime of the junctions of window blocks to the outer walls:

L p \u003d -28 ° С a * \u003d 23 W / (I, - * C)

C * -28 “C oi * 23 W / (m * -” C)

see. = 8.0 W/(m a, C)

6) Scheme of assignment of boundary conditions

1 - brickwork X = 0.8 W/(m °C); 2 - cement-sand mortar X = 0.93 W/(m in C); 3 - wood across the fibers X = 0.22 W / (m ° C); 4 - polyurethane foam X = 0.05 W/(m °C); b - extruded polystyrene foam X = 0.05 W/(m-°C); 7 - glass X = 0.76 W/(m °C); c - air gap 12 mm = 0.08 W/(m-°C); 9 - aluminum X = 220 W/(m-°C); 10-sealant X = 0.34 W/(m °C); 11 - vapor barrier tape X = 0.56 W/(m °C)

Figure L-2 - Calculation scheme and scheme for setting the boundary conditions of the junction of the window block to the window opening

Figure E.Z - The results of calculating the temperature distribution along the junction node of the window block from

glued timber to a solid brick wall

E.1 Essence of the methodology

The method for assessing the thermal characteristics of the junctions of window blocks to wall openings is intended for laboratory and field work to control the thermal characteristics of the assembly seam.

The essence of the technique lies in measuring local temperatures on the inner surface of the assembly joint and assessing their compliance with design standards when given parameters internal microclimate and climatic conditions of construction.

E.2 Sample requirements

E.2.1 When conducting laboratory tests, the opening of the test chamber must be identical to the design of the wall opening, and the sample of the window block - to the window block given in the design documentation for the tested assembly seam (adjacent node). The design and technology of the assembly seam device is adopted in accordance with the design solution of the junction set in the design documentation.

E.2.2 When conducting a full-scale survey, selective tests of typical junction nodes are carried out on each floor of the building, but not less than 10% of the total volume.

E.2.3 In the presence of special solutions for the junction nodes, as well as identified deviations from the design solutions, 100% of the structures are inspected.

E.3 Conducting laboratory tests

E.3.1 When conducting laboratory tests, the climatic chamber must have cold and warm compartments, comply with the requirements of GOST 26254 and be able to maintain the specified test conditions for at least 48 hours.

During testing, the operator must be outside the cold and warm compartments of the climate chamber. It is allowed to enter the warm compartment to conduct thermal imaging control and check the quality of the installation of sensors. Recording data after entering the warm compartment of the climatic chamber is allowed after confirming the release of heat flows and temperatures on the surface of the structure to a stationary mode.

E.3.2 When conducting laboratory tests, a program is drawn up taking into account the following conditions:

The temperature in the warm section of the climatic chamber is selected according to the requirements for the internal microclimate (internal temperature, air humidity) in accordance with GOST 30494;

The temperature in the cold section of the climatic chamber is selected in accordance with the requirements of the current RD as the temperature of the coldest five-day period for the construction region;

The heat transfer coefficient of the inner and outer surfaces is selected and maintained in accordance with the requirements of the current RD.

E.3.3 The laboratory sample is kept under the conditions of the selected external and internal temperatures until reaching the stationary mode in accordance with the requirements of GOST 26254, but not less than 24 hours.

E.3.4 Before starting to record the results of measuring temperatures and heat fluxes, a thermal imaging survey of the inner surface of the window block and junctions to the wall structure is carried out in accordance with GOST 26629. Thermal imaging is performed perpendicular to the surface of the window block. Initially, the entire window unit is filmed, including the assembly seams. After its implementation, a detailed survey of structural fragments with temperature inhomogeneities is performed.

It is allowed to choose the difference between the warm and cold compartments of the climatic chamber less than it is regulated by GOST 26254 and GOST 26629. with appropriate justification.

E.3.5 An example of thermal imaging of the inner surface of the window unit and the junction to the wall structure is shown in Figure E.1.

If a temperature inhomogeneity is detected on the inner surface of the mounting joint, it is analyzed for compliance with the requirements of the current ND on the temperature on the inner surface, the local temperature is measured with a temperature probe or a thermocouple.

Mounting seam. having local temperature values ​​less than the dew point temperature for given conditions of the internal microclimate is considered defective.

Based on the results of measuring the minimum temperature on the inner surface of the mounting joint, taking into account the data on the dew point temperature in a particular region and depending on the type of buildings in accordance with Appendix P, it is assigned a class according to table 1 of this standard.

t *S Unicum: 2.6"S^"u*ui 13.0'SShediaeb zpechenie: 10.9"S

Figure E.1 - An example of thermal imaging of the inner surface of the window block and the junction to the wall structure

E.4 Conducting field tests

E.4.1 Before conducting a full-scale survey, computer simulation of all typical units is carried out in accordance with Appendix D for the temperatures of the outdoor and indoor air expected during the full-scale survey. The simulation results are drawn up in a graphical or tabular form for comparison with the results of a field survey.

E.4.2 Before conducting a full-scale survey, the structure must be brought to a stationary mode.

E.4.3 Control field measurements of temperatures on the inner surface of the weld can be carried out at any time of the year.

Provided that work is carried out to seal the joints in winter in an unheated room, before the start of measurements, the temperature in the control room should be increased to 20 ° C and maintained for 24 hours before the start of measurements.

It is allowed to carry out tests at a temperature difference between the external and internal air, not less than 1.5 times greater than the accuracy limit of the thermal insulation chamber, but not less than 15 °C.

It is allowed to create the required temperature difference in the summer by heating the interior using heaters, subject to long-term exposure (at least 48 hours) and the absence of direct heating of the samples.

E.4.4 After establishing stationary conditions in the control room with a window, the following is carried out:

External and internal thermal imaging;

Definition of thermally homogeneous zones;

Measurement of temperatures on the outer and inner surfaces of the wall in homogeneous zones, excluding the influence of the window unit;

Temperature measurement on the inner surface of the assembly seam.

When conducting internal thermal imaging, heating devices must be isolated and shielded.

E.4.5 Temperature measurements are carried out according to the results of a preliminary thermal imaging survey in all areas of the assembly joint. as well as in areas of detected temperature inhomogeneities.

The results of measuring internal temperatures are compared with the results of preliminary computer simulation of typical units for the temperature values ​​of the outdoor and indoor air.

If it is impossible to compare, the minimum of the measured temperature values ​​on the inner surface of the mounting joint is recalculated according to the method of Appendix 7 of GOST 26254.

E.4.6 The assessment of the suitability of the assembly seam is carried out from the conditions of exceeding the local temperature values. If the minimum corrected local temperature is lower than the dew point temperature for the given indoor climate conditions, the joint is considered defective.

The class is confirmed according to Table 1 of this standard based on the results of measuring the minimum temperature on the inner surface of the mounting joint, taking into account data on the dew point temperature in a particular region and depending on the type of buildings in accordance with Appendix R.

G.1 Preparation for testing

G.1.1 Before the start of testing, a test program is drawn up, in which specific places of the strait at the facility and their number are determined.

G.1.2 Prepare the equipment, measuring instruments and auxiliary devices used in the test, including checking their serviceability.

G.1.3 A flexible hose, through which water is supplied to the sprinkler, is connected to the nearest source of water supply, providing the required pressure of 200-240 kPa.

G.1.4 Before testing, a trial inclusion of equipment and is carried out. if necessary, adjust the set water pressure and distance to the object.

G.2 Test conditions

G.2.1 Tests are carried out in the daytime with sufficient illumination of the test object.

G.2.2 The ambient air temperature must be at least 5 X.

G.2.3 Water temperature for the strait should be from 6 °С to 20 °С.

G.2.4 The nozzle of the sprinkler should be located at an angle of (90 ± 15) °С to the surface of the test object.

G.2.5 The water pressure in the nozzle must be maintained within 200-240 kPa during the entire time of testing this object.

G.2.6 8during the time of testing, it is not allowed to get atmospheric moisture on the surface of the tested object.

G.3 Testing

G.3.1 The nozzle of the sprinkler nozzle is located at a distance of (300 ± 30) mm from the surface of the selected section of the mounting joint

G.3.2 Turn on the water supply to the sprinkler.

G.3.3 The test is carried out by continuous flow of the selected area of ​​the object for 5 minutes. in this case, the nozzle is moved evenly forward and backward parallel to the surface of the object, observing the requirements of G.2.4 and G.3.1.

G.3.4 Tests are carried out on the object, starting with the strait from the lower selected section, then moving to the next sections located above, and on each, the strait is started from the bottom up.

G.3.5 During the passage of sections of the outer surface of the assembly seam, it is necessary to monitor its inner surface, determining the places of water leaks and marking them.

G.3.6 When leaks are detected, photographs of the detected places are taken and a mark is made in the test report indicating the location and number of defects in the tested object.

G.3.7 If no leaks were detected within 5 minutes of the passage of the selected section, you should go to the next section of the test object.

G.4 Safety during testing

G.4.1 Persons conducting tests on objects should be familiar with the relevant safety instructions and follow them during testing.

G.4.2 It is forbidden to carry out tests in the area of ​​action of the erection crane and under the site (grip) of construction and installation works.

G.4.3 When testing at facilities above the second floor of a building, the strait is carried out from hinged platforms, cradles or telescopic lifts using safety devices.

pressure gauge

I.1 Essence of the methodology

The method for determining the air permeability and defects of the junctions of window blocks to wall openings is intended for carrying out full-scale work to control the quality of performance and air permeability of the assembly seam.

The essence of the technique is to create a normalized pressure drop between the interior and exterior space, to measure the air permeability of the assembly seam. quality control of its execution using a device for creating a pressure difference between the room and the environment, thermal imaging equipment and a smoke generator.

When conducting full-scale tests, equipment is used in accordance with GOST 31167, taking into account the requirements of GOST 8.586.1.

H.2 Sample requirements

I.2.1 When conducting a full-scale survey, selective tests of windows of each type of size, but not less than 5% of the total glazing area, are carried out.

I.2.2 If there are special solutions for the junction nodes, as well as identified deviations from the design solutions, 100% of the structures are inspected.

I.3 Preparation for field testing

I.3.1 Before carrying out full-scale tests, the most typical rooms are selected, which have typical window blocks installed in accordance with the design documentation.

I.3.2 It is recommended to use two equipment systems according to GOST 31167. One of the equipment sets creates the required pressure drop in the test room, the other is installed on the entrance or on the floor to create compensating pressure and eliminate errors due to pressure drop between adjacent rooms.

All doors, with the exception of the test room, must be open.

I.3.3 Temporary sealing of window blocks and their junctions is carried out.

Temporary sealing of window blocks and seams of mounting units adjoining window blocks is carried out with sticky adhesive tapes and films using polyethylene films and other suitable technical devices and materials.

I.3.4 The premises are prepared for testing in accordance with the requirements of GOST 31167.

H.3.5 It is allowed to conduct tests at temperature difference between the outside and inside air, not less than 1.5 times greater than the accuracy limit of the thermal imaging camera, but not less than 5 °C.

H.4 Conducting full-scale tests of the air permeability of the seams of the assembly units adjoining window blocks

I.4.1 8 selected rooms create negative pressure drops and test in accordance with Section 8 of GOST 31167.

H.4.2 The maximum pressure difference is determined to be 100 Pa. the decrease and increase in the pressure difference is carried out stepwise with a difference of 10 Pa. Before and at the end of the test, the static pressure drop is measured, averaging over 30 s. which is taken into account when processing the results. The minimum number of measuring points is seven.

When testing, it is necessary to comply with safety requirements in accordance with Section 11 of GOST 31167.

H.4.3 After completing the tests according to H.4.1, remove the temporary sealing of window blocks and junctions. Window blocks are sealed, including opening elements and junctions of stack-packet to profile elements.

H.4.4 Repeat the procedure according to H.4.1 and H.4.2. Air permeability of junctions

/?“ . m 3 / (h running. m) is determined by the formula:

where L is the total length of the junction points tested at the same time, m;

The difference between the air flow at a given pressure lr. Pa. with temporary

sealing of seams of mounting units adjoining window blocks and without it.

I.4.5 The normalized value of air permeability of the seams of the mounting units adjoining window blocks is determined at a pressure drop value dr = 100 Pa.

I.5 Conducting full-scale tests of the air permeability of the seams of the assembly units adjoining window blocks

H.5.1 Before testing according to H.4.1, a thermal imaging survey of the seams of the assembly units adjoining window blocks is carried out at a pressure drop of at least 50 Pa from the side of the lowest pressure. At the same time, photographic recording of all detected deviations from design solutions and the requirements of this standard is carried out.

H.5.2 After completion of work on H.4.3, a repeated thermal imaging survey of the assembly seams of the window block junctions is carried out. If a difference in temperature fields from the results according to I.5.1 is detected, each detected deviation is analyzed.

H.5.3 If possible, check the assembly joints with detected temperature inhomogeneities using a smoke generator.

The jet of smoke is directed directly to the detected area with detected temperature inhomogeneities from the outside.

If there is a defect caused by increased air infiltration through the assembly seam. smoke penetration is likely to localize the detected defect.

I.5.4 If inhomogeneity of temperature fields that do not change as a result of creating a pressure drop is detected, the defect is likely to be a transmission component (switch-on with increased heat loss) and should be diagnosed in accordance with Appendix E of this standard.

H.5.5 All identified defects are subject to correction. In case of impossibility of correction, it is necessary to reinstall the window block.

I.5.6 After correction of the identified defects, a repeated full-scale test is carried out.

Bibliography

State system for ensuring uniformity of measurements. Converters primary pyrometric total and partial radiation. Verification procedure

004 Design of thermal protection of buildings

UDC 692.299.057.47(083.74) MKS 91.060.50

Key words: assembly seams. window blocks, mounting gap, junction of a window block and a stack opening, deformation effect, outer insulating layer

Signed for publication on 01.10.2014. Format 60x84V*.

Uel. oven l. 5.56. Circulation 66 zkz. Zach. 3003.

Prepared on the basis of the electronic version provided by the developer of the standard

FSUE STANDARTINFORM*

123995 Moscow. Garnet lane.. 4. wvuw.gostinfo.ru