Facing work in construction. Finishing work what do they include? Finishing work, how to do it correctly and inexpensively

Finishing is the third and final cycle of the construction of buildings, but its beginning, as a rule, does not coincide with the end of the construction of the building frame, but is shifted to the earliest possible date. The type and quality of finishing works is determined by their purpose and is expressed in decorative and aesthetic, technical or protective and sanitary and hygienic functions. All types of finishing works can be divided into capital and decorative, which are applied in accordance with the requirements for the premises, facade or parts thereof. Capital types of finishes are made of natural and artificial stone, glass and non-ferrous metals. Finishing from less durable materials can be classified as decorative types. The quality of the finish is determined by the degree of evenness and uniformity of the surface, the size of the gaps between the individual elements and some other characteristics. The quality of the finish is set in the project for work with differentiated requirements to quality or control by uniform, standard requirements regardless of the type and purpose of the premises or structure. So plastering and painting works have three types of quality: simple, improved and high quality. All other types of finishing are carried out and controlled according to the uniform requirements for the relevant work, i.e. the quality of tiling, flooring, glazing and false ceilings cannot be performed with a higher or lower level of quality depending on the type of room in which they are performed or the project assignment.

TYPES OF FINISHING WORKS:

1) Surface cladding

Facing is the process of fixing various tiles, panels or sheet materials on walls or ceilings that do not require subsequent finishing (plastering, painting or pasting). For facade cladding, natural and artificial stone, glass and metal are used. Stone and metal can be either part of load-bearing structures or attached to them in various ways. In addition to these, other, less durable materials can be used in interiors: gypsum castings and sheets, plastic, wood and wood-laminated panels. All these materials are fastened with a sticker on various adhesives, mastics and solutions or by hanging on a frame made of a special metal, rarely wooden profile using various fasteners.

2) Glass works At present, sash glazing is usually done by the window filling manufacturer, but at the construction site, the glass is often dismantled and reinstalled. The removal of glass from the bindings is associated with the need to access the assembly elements of the binding of plastic blocks or for the final finishing of wooden blocks. In some cases, glass cutting and glazing can be carried out at the construction site. Window glass is cut by breaking along a line drawn with a roller or diamond glass cutter or after a sharp heating along the cut line with a tungsten filament. For glass preparation, a workshop is equipped on the territory of the construction site, where large-sized glass is cut to the specified dimensions in the required quantity. Glass is installed in fully painted, unhinged bindings in one of the rooms on the glazed floor. Since single glass has given way to double-glazed windows today, glazing with glass blanks on the site is almost never used. Double-glazed windows are installed dry at the place of production of window blocks with adjustment of glazing beads and temporary fastening. The method of fastening "on double putty" for double-glazed windows is not applied. The traditional, widely used in housing construction, is the method of glazing "on double putty and glazing beads" (Fig. 66 - b)

a- on double putty; b- on putty and glazing beads; v- on elastic pads and glazing beads. 1 - glass; 2 - the first layer of putty or sealant; 3 - the second layer of putty (sealant); 4 - fixing pin (nail); 5 - elastic gasket; 6 - glazing bead; 7 - fixing the glazing bead with a screw or nail. Today, the following types of window glass are used:

reinforced
Mirror
Patterned, with a thickness of 2-3 mm.
The same, with a thickness of 4-6 mm.
WITH flowed reinforced.
Glass polished mirror.
The glass is patterned and corrugated.

3) Plaster work These works are in first place in terms of mass application and labor intensity in the total volume of finishing work. By appointment plasters are divided into ordinary(leveling), special(moisture, heat, X-ray and noise protection) and decorative(not requiring additional finishing). Depending on the degree of "levelness" of the finished surface, there are three types quality for ordinary plasters: simple, improved and high quality and two for special (improved and high quality). A special type is dry plaster, which, according to technological features, can be classified as facing, but according to the purpose and the need for subsequent finishing, it corresponds to the definition of plaster. Thus, according to the materials used, plasters can be mortar or monolithic and dry. Dry plaster It is made from standard gypsum plasterboard (GKL) or gypsum fiber (GVL) sheets, 10 or 12 thick, 1200 millimeters wide. The length of the sheets can be from 1.2 to 3.3m, but the most common sheets on the market are 2.7m long. Monolithic plasters This is a traditional type of plaster used for finishing facades and interiors; it can be classified as a capital type of finishing. Plaster mortars consist of sand, binder, plasticizer and water. The binder can be cement, lime and gypsum. Today, due to its low strength, long setting time and high cost, lime is almost never used as a binder. Surface preparation for plastering. You can plaster almost any surface, but some of them require serious preparation. The most suitable for plastering is the surface of brickwork made of hollow or special embossed bricks. Such a surface requires only cleaning from the influx of masonry mortar and dust. Smoother concrete surfaces, made in high-quality formwork, need to be roughened with a notch or upholstered with metal plaster meshes. Solution application today it is carried out mainly with a mechanized plastering nozzle with the supply of mortar from a mobile plastering station, located directly in the room to be plastered or next to it.

4) Production of painting works 1 - embossed texture - created by different processing of the plastic layer of putty, applied with a thickness of 2-4 mm. to the prepared surface. Today, there are a large number of ready-to-use decorative compositions, with instructions for their application, which allows you to create various options for the texture of the finished surface. On the market, such compositions are often called decorative plasters. Textured compositions are applied with hand trowels or crumblers, and the finish is performed with smooth or embossed rollers. Compositions based on transparent acrylic resins with mineral filler imitate stone-like plaster. A similar texture can be obtained without the use of special decorative compositions; 2 - sand dressing - is carried out by applying dust-free sand in two layers over freshly applied epoxy glue or drying oil. After the glue dries, the surface is painted, and in the case of using colored sand, varnished; 3 - color imitation of wood and stone is achieved by cutting a freshly applied layer of paint with swabs, embossed rollers or brushes; 4 - knurling pattern with embossed rollers, printing with swabs and stencil.

5) Wallpaper works They are carried out by painters simultaneously with painting work at the facility. Preparation for pasting is carried out similarly to preparation for staining. After sticking the wallpaper in the room, you can lay the carpet, install the baseboard and cash on the door frames. Today on the market there is a huge variety of different wallpapers, which, according to technological features, can be reduced to the following types: thin paper; medium density; dense; heavy and linkrust; ceiling and glass wallpaper (embossed fiberglass). The width of the wallpaper is usually 0.5 and 1.0 meters. Thin wallpapers are glued with an overlap, and all others are glued end-to-end (finished). Linkrust and some types of expensive wallpaper are glued with an overlap for precise cutting of the edges (see linoleum fig. 86). All wallpaper before the sticker is cut to the height of the room with a margin of 5 - 6 cm, while the wallpaper with a geometric pattern (rapport) is calculated with the addition to the height of the room of the step size of the pattern to all panels, except for the first. This is necessary for the possibility of combining the pattern in adjacent panels. All types of wallpaper, except for glass and ceiling wallpaper, are smeared with glue immediately before the sticker. The base is glued in advance and must be completely dry by the beginning of the wallpapering. Prior to the beginning of the sticker, the position of the first edge of the panel must be marked on the surface with a vertical line. The corners are covered with a cloth by about 50 mm. A large overlap can lead to wrinkling of the wallpaper. All wallpaper adhesives produced today are based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with various additives. Dissolved in water, glue of the consistency of thick jelly is applied to the panel cut to size with a brush or roller. The prepared cloth is folded in three layers, served to the painter - sticker, standing on the scaffold or stepladder and glued from the ceiling to the floor. Air bubbles are squeezed out with a soft rubber roller from the middle to the edges with simultaneous correction of the joint of the panels. Properly selected and applied glue allows you to move the panel along the base by 5 - 10 mm. within 2 - 3 minutes. During the production of work, the humidity in the room rises significantly, but it is impossible to ventilate the rooms. Otherwise, the wallpaper paper will dry faster than the glue, which will cause the panels to shrink and the seams to open. Cutting the edges of the joints and stock is performed before the glue dries, after which the edges are bent and additionally coated with glue. Ceiling wallpapers are made of materials that have minimal deformation when humidity changes, which allows them to be glued without moisture, i.e. glue is applied not to the wallpaper, but to the surface to be glued. At the same time, wallpaper is simply rolled out of a roll and pressed with a roller.

6) Installation of suspended ceilings The need for suspended ceilings is due not only to decorative, acoustic and thermal properties, but also to the possibility of placing overall ventilation pipelines and numerous electrical wiring in an easily accessible space. Given the low cost of materials and work on the installation of ceilings, the popularity of this type of finish becomes clear. The most common today are modular slab ceilings on a light metal frame filled with acoustic mineral wool boards, plasterboard for subsequent finishing and plastic multi-hollow panels
Figure 78. The design of a plasterboard suspended ceiling on a metal single-level (A) and two-level frame (B).

The ceiling installation begins with applying a clean ceiling level to the walls, using optical or laser levels, a water level or a large mounting level for this.

7) Floor arrangement During operation, floor coverings are subjected to a wide variety of loads, depending on the type of room, hence the requirements for floors: strength, resistance to abrasion, crushing from impact and prolonged pressure, resistance to chemicals, evenness and smoothness of the coating, a given slope, appropriate heat and sound insulation , the possibility of cleaning and antibacterial, elasticity, decorativeness and durability. These qualities are provided not only by coatings, but also by other underlying elements and layers of the floor. The name of the floor is determined by its coating or clean floor, under it there is a layer that redistributes the load or connects the coating with the underlying layers. Further, there may be a leveling or reinforcing screed, heat and sound insulation, vapor or waterproofing and a supporting base in the form of a ceiling or reinforced soil. In some types of floors, some of the listed elements are missing. According to the method of production and the materials used, monolithic, piece and roll coatings are distinguished. Monolithic ones include concrete, cement, polymer cement or bulk, terrazzo, mosaic and xylolite. Pieces include: plank, block, parquet (type-setting, panel, parquet boards, laminate), ceramic tiles, natural and artificial stone, end checker and cast-iron plates. Roll: natural and polyvinyl chloride linoleum (PVC coatings), rubber (relin), carpets and flotex.

Kinds:

Screed device - The most common are monolithic reinforcing and leveling screeds. Reinforcing are performed on top of insulation or crushed stone from a cement-sand mortar. Monolithic concrete floors - They are arranged in industrial and utility rooms in one layer on a rigid base from an ordinary concrete solution. The thickness of the coating is determined by the project depending on the design loads and can range from 30 to 200 mm. Under heavy loads, such a floor is additionally reinforced by placing the reinforcement in the middle of the thickness of the concrete layer. Terrazzo and monolithic mosaic floor These floors are installed in public areas with high traffic: lobbies, distribution halls, corridors, trading floors, etc. Floors made of stone and ceramic tiles Are arranged on the strong, rigid bases in rooms of various function. Plank floor installation The use of these floors has a long history and is justified today in many cases by the simplicity of design, environmental friendliness, decorative and tactile characteristics of natural wood. Block floor It is used in rooms with a high dynamic load, such as sports and gyms. It is carried out, as a rule, on lags-beds on the sand on floor slabs, similar to a plank floor. Parquet floor installation Today, this type of flooring includes, in addition to traditional typesetting, also parquet boards, boards and laminated panels. Floors from roll materials They are usually made of synthetic pile or smooth materials. Smooth coatings include natural and PVC linoleum, and relin (rubber linoleum). Carpets They can be laid by continuous gluing to the base or stretched on toothed rails (grippers) fixed around the perimeter of the room. In both cases, in contrast to PVC coatings, seam welding is performed before the coating is fixed to the base.

One of the final processes of finishing residential buildings is pasting the walls with wallpaper. This is the main pasting material for finishing the walls of living rooms and corridors. Wallpaper is a paper-based roll material, the front surface of which has a single-color or multi-color pattern. Currently, a fairly wide range of wallpapers is being produced - non-primed, primed embossed, metallized, etc. According to their purpose and operational characteristics, wallpapers can be ordinary, washable (moisture resistant) and pile. In recent years, synthetic films have been widely used for interior decoration of residential and administrative buildings.

ordinary wallpaper produce a variety of colors. The color of the wallpaper should be selected depending on the purpose of individual rooms, size, lighting capabilities and a number of other data, as well as according to the instructions of the architects.

Unprimed wallpapers have a pattern applied directly to white or colored paper (background). The background may show through between the drawings. The pattern of the printed wallpaper is made with water-based glue paint.

Primed wallpapers are made from wallpaper coated with primer, on which a pattern is applied in one or more colors. In terms of quality, they are higher than unprimed ones.

Embossed wallpaper usually made from primed wallpaper paper, on which a pattern is applied with oil paints with simultaneous embossing.

Metallic wallpaper are made from wallpaper paper, on which a primer with metal powder is applied, after which a pattern is printed or embossed.

Washable (moisture-resistant) wallpaper is a roll material obtained by applying a thin layer of an aqueous dispersion of synthetic resins or a finished transparent PVC film to ordinary paper wallpaper. The surface of the wallpaper can be smooth and embossed with a color pattern and embossing. They also produce wallpaper with a texture that imitates embossed plaster, fabric, silk, etc. Washable wallpaper is used for pasting the walls of living rooms, corridors and kitchens.

Pile wallpaper are rolled material, which consists of a paper base and a pile applied to the paper in a continuous layer or in the form of combinations of a smooth field and a pattern formed by a fleecy surface. Pile is made from waste weaving wool, viscose yarn, cotton and cheap wood fiber.

Pile wallpapers are breathable and have enhanced soundproofing properties. They are mainly used for finishing rooms with increased soundproof requirements, such as radio and television studios.

Before starting pasting, the manufacturer of works checks whether the grade, quality and type of wallpaper correspond to the instructions of the building project and whether they are approved by architectural supervision. Wallpaper is delivered to the construction site in pieces, rolled into rolls. The length of the wallpaper in one piece should be 12 m, width - 500, 600 or 750 mm. By order of construction organizations, factories release wallpaper, without cutting them into pieces, in reels; the length of such panels is 500-600 m. At the same time, a workshop for cutting and completing wallpaper is organized directly at the construction site in one of the houses under construction. This allows you to check the quality of the wallpaper when cutting, and also significantly reduces the amount of waste.

When controlling the quality of the wallpaper, they make sure that the deviations in the dimensions of rolls 12 and 30 m long do not exceed ± 250 mm, and rolls 500 m long - no more than ± 3.5 m; deviations along the width of the cloth for all types of rolls should not exceed ±3 mm. The edge of the wallpaper should have the same width - 10-15 mm along the entire length of the roll.

Wallpaper must meet the following requirements:

Have a solid base (paper), which will not spread when wet, and a smooth, uniform surface without extraneous inclusions and stains;

A single-color primer on paper should be even and dense, and a multi-color primer should have a uniform placement of color spots; have a durable paint layer that does not crumble when bent and does not leave marks when touched;

There must be no damage to the base, and damage to the edges must not affect the applied pattern or background;

Humidity of wall-paper should not exceed 6-8%.

If the wallpaper comes from the procurement workshop cut into strips, then you need to ensure that they are completed for each room and apartment, correctly selected according to the pattern, color and shades, the edges are cut equally on both sides.

Deviations of the cut panels of wall-paper on length should not exceed 10, on width - 3 mm. Fuzzy or uneven edges of the pattern and displacement of the colors of the pattern on the cloth are not allowed. The cutting line of the edge of the wallpaper panel should be even, without distortions and stripes of the uncut edge.

Particular attention is paid to the correct transportation of wallpaper and linkrust. Wallpaper is transported packed in packs and bales according to the types of colors and patterns. In this case, the packs are placed vertically. Wallpaper is stored in dry rooms equipped with shelving; Linkrust rolls are stored in a vertical position in a dry, warm room at a temperature of 0-18°C.

Pasting the walls with wallpaper is preceded by a thorough preparation of the surface of the walls, carried out in accordance with the recommendations of SNiP III-21-73 "Finishing coatings of building structures". Surfaces intended for wallpapering are well dried, leveled and cleaned of a solution of chalk or lime whitewash. Detected cracks, shells and cracks are sealed with lime-gypsum mortar.

On the prepared surface under the wallpaper, wrapping or newspaper paper is pasted, clean, without oil stains. For pasting walls with paper, and then with wallpaper, pastes made on the basis of flour, starch, wood glue, as well as various synthetic adhesives, adhesive mastics, and adhesive compositions based on dry building mixtures are used. For gluing synthetic films on a fabric basis, latex water-based adhesive bustilate or polyvinyl acetate adhesive is used. Such adhesives are prepared in the paint shops of construction sites or in paint shops.

Wall surfaces are cleaned of dust and other contaminants. Rough surfaces are carefully smoothed with the butt of a tree or a bream. Uneven surfaces of plaster or concrete are partially greased or completely putty. Then covered with paper.

Walls made of reinforced concrete wall panels made in cassette forms, as well as walls that have a flat and smooth surface, leveled at the factory, are not pasted over with waste paper.

Walls lined with sheets of dry gypsum plaster are not pasted over with waste paper, and the rustication between sheets of dry plaster is filled with putty flush with the entire surface and pasted over with strips of paper in 1-3 layers. After drying, the edges of the paper strips are cleaned with fine sandpaper or pumice. The recessed nail heads are covered with drying oil, sealed with putty and polished.

Before sticking paper, the surface of the walls is covered with a paste in separate sections. At the same time, the paste should not dry out completely until the paper smeared with paste is applied to it.

When pasting walls with simple wallpaper, sheets of waste paper can be glued with an overlap. When pasting with ordinary wallpaper, the paper is glued back to back. When pasting with embossed high-quality wallpaper, the paper is pasted end-to-end in two layers, and the second layer is pasted after careful grinding of the puttied and dried first layer of paper so that the seams of the first layer do not coincide with the seams of the second. Each pasted sheet should be well smoothed and leveled with a brush or rag so that there are no folds, wrinkles and bubbles on it. Particular care should be taken to paste over the surface near the baseboards and platbands. After drying, the surfaces pasted over with paper are inspected and the detected defects are cleaned with pumice stone or circles with fine glass skin.

Wallpapering should be started only after the glued paper has completely dried. The foreman inspects the panels of wallpaper intended for pasting this room and, if necessary, instructs the foreman to sort them. Light-colored wallpapers selected during sorting are recommended to stick on shady walls (less lit), and dark-colored wallpapers - on illuminated ones.

Sliced panels are laid on the table with the pattern up. Then the upper panel is fixed under the folding roller of the spreading mechanism and passed through the mechanism. Wallpapers stick well only when they are sufficiently saturated with paste before being applied to the wall. Therefore, the foreman must ensure that poorly soaking wallpaper on thick paper, after the first spreading with paste, is kept on the tables. Before the sticker itself, sufficiently soaked canvases are re-smeared with paste with special brushes with the paste supplied from the pressure tank. Lubricated panels are first folded in half, connecting together the surfaces first covered with paste, and then four times (picture to picture). The panels folded in this way are fed to the workplace and glued.

In order for the panels to be glued strictly vertically, control vertical lines are beaten off on the prepared surface with a cord along a plumb line, along which the panel is applied. The first vertical line is applied by measuring from the corner in the upper part of the wall a distance equal to the width of the panel. The first canvas is glued exactly along the intended vertical line or marks and in the direction from the window deep into the room. This is done in order to eliminate shadows from the edges of thick wallpaper.

When sticking, the panel is applied with its upper end to the wall, and then smoothed with a clean rag or hair brush from the middle to the edges, while squeezing air out from under the wallpaper.

A well-ironed panel should not have wrinkles, swollen places, folds and raised edges. Edges are recommended to be rolled with rubber rollers. If an air bubble appears under the pasted panel, the wallpaper above it is pierced with a needle, the air is squeezed out and this place is carefully smoothed. The next panel is glued in the same way, making sure that the pattern on both panels exactly matches at the joints. In the course of work, short pieces (panels) are glued under and above the windows, as well as above the doors.

To increase the productivity of painters when pasting walls with wallpaper and improve the quality of their work, a brush with a spring holder is used to paste wallpaper. The panel smeared with glue is captured by the holder and placed on the upper part of the wall, adjusting the pattern to the pattern of the previously pasted panel. Then, pressing the upper part of the panel against the wall with the palm of your hand, release the holder and smooth it with a brush and press the panel against the wall over the entire plane.

Excess wallpaper at cornices, skirting boards, door frames, in corners with surface distortions, at window slopes, radiator niches and in other places are cut along the ruler immediately after the sheet is pasted until it is dry. When sticking on new surfaces, the wallpaper must be run behind the skirting boards and platbands, so the latter can only be nailed after the walls have been pasted with wallpaper. After pasting is completed, the walls are allowed to dry a little, and then they proceed to the sticker of the border or frieze.

Wallpapering of ceilings is carried out on reinforced concrete floor panels the size of a room. The ceiling surfaces of the panels must be even and smooth. Their humidity should not exceed 8%. Fat and rust stains, shells with a depth and diameter of more than 4 mm are unacceptable on the surface. Before pasting the ceilings, hidden electrical wiring must be completed. Surface preparation is carried out as follows: using a metal scraper with a long handle, the painter cleans the surface from mortar splashes and other contaminants; lubricates irregularities; putty places where the ceiling adjoins the walls; polishes smudged areas.

For pasting ceilings, wallpaper of light colors with a pattern that does not require adjustment of the panels when pasting is selected. The quality of the wallpaper must meet the following requirements: the background of the wallpaper must be uniform, without spots, stripes, streaks, the paint layer must be durable, not shallow and peel off, the edges of the wallpaper must be even and not have tears. Ceilings are pasted over immediately before pasting the walls. Immediately before pasting, the ceilings and upper parts of the walls are primed with a 3% solution of CMC glue.

The foreman of the painters must control the quality of the preparation of the paste for pasting ceilings using CMC glue. 500 g of CMC glue are poured into 10 liters of water with a temperature not exceeding 40 ° C with continuous stirring. The composition is kept for 12 hours until the adhesive is completely dissolved. Before using the paste, it must be mixed. The viscosity of the paste according to the VZ-4 viscometer should be 50 s at a temperature of 18°C.

Sticking wallpaper on the ceiling is as follows. First, the adhesive composition is applied to the ceiling with a fly roller in an even layer without gaps and streaks. The applied composition must be kept for at least 20 minutes. Then, with a fly brush, the painter applies the adhesive composition around the perimeter of the walls to a width of 10 cm. The wallpaper is passed through the installation for applying the paste, kept for 20 minutes for impregnation with the composition and glued to the ceiling, blocking the corner and the upper part of the wall by 10 cm.

The wallpaper sticker on the ceiling starts from the window to the door, parallel to the short wall with an overlap of 10-15 mm. The overlap should face the light. The glued panels are smoothed with a brush with movements from the middle to the edges. Wallpapered ceilings protect from direct exposure to sunlight and drafts until completely dry. During the drying of the wallpaper, the air temperature in the room must be constant, not higher than 23 ° C, and the windows in the rooms must be closed. With this drying mode, wallpaper pasted on the ceiling dries out in 1-2 days. and provide high quality work.

The quality of wallpaper work must meet the following requirements:

Panels of roll finishing materials and wallpaper should have the same color and shade;

Panels of wallpaper must be arranged vertically, without deviations of the position of the edges from the plumb line by more than 1 mm to the height of the pasting;

The fit of the edges of complex panels must be accurate, without gaps between the panels and without distorting the pattern; pattern displacement is allowed no more than 0.5 mm;

From under the cut edge of the wallpaper, the underlying edge should not be visible;

The joints of the wallpaper should be overlapped, the upper edge of the wallpaper in the joint should be facing the light (towards the window);

The joints of the wallpaper when sticking them back to back should not be visible at a distance of 3 m;

The border must be glued horizontally, without distortions of more than 2 mm for the entire length of the walls; the curb width should be no more than 25 mm, the joints should be overlapped and so that the upper edge of the curb strip is facing the light (window); the border should completely cover the upper edge of the wallpaper panel, the distance from the ceiling to the top of the border should be no more than 10 cm;

The wallpaper panels from above must be completely suspended under the curb, without gaps between their top and the curb, the lower ends of the wallpaper must be cut 10 mm above the level of the finished floor (for single skirting boards and fillets) or at the level of the top of the skirting board (for double wooden and PVC skirting boards) );

It is not allowed to stick wallpaper on the plinth;

Spots, places contaminated with paste, streaks, changes in the color and shade of wallpaper, backlog of wallpaper, swelling, folds, wrinkles, uneven cut lines of wallpaper at skirting boards and platbands, unglued places, inserts (patches, pasting) of individual places in panels are not allowed.

Based on the materials of the reference book "Universal reference book foreman". STC "Stroyinform".

There are several successive stages in construction, and finishing work is one of them, because in the construction of a building, the construction of a box is essential, but not final.

For example, the most that is not a simple redecoration of an apartment usually consists only of finishing work. While the capital, which includes several stages, finishing work is completed.

Meaning

Finishing work is the most important stage in construction and in any repair, since the appearance of the room, its atmosphere, and, as a result, the mood of the people in it, depend on the quality of this type of work.

From the right palette of colors, their combination, the quality of materials and the very performance of work, the impression that those present in the room receive, their feelings, as well as convenience, comfort and time savings depend.

Internal finishing works in overhaul

Over time, all buildings and structures need major repairs, this is an action that requires a serious approach, high-quality materials and the latest equipment, since this type of repair, in terms of its significance and the amount of work performed, is more like a reconstruction of a building.

Finishing work is the final stage in a major overhaul, which is usually preceded by activities such as:

reinforcement of the foundation and load-bearing structures (walls and beams);
a set of actions related to waterproofing and designed to protect the room from moisture.

Alternatively, the cost of finishing the premises is included in the price of the overhaul. But at the request of the customer, the estimate for finishing work can be made into a separate document in order to detail material and financial costs.

Finishing work. Kinds

These works are carried out in a certain sequence, depending on the wishes of the customer or the property owner and on the specific tasks assigned to the performers.

Finishing work is a set of actions that can be conditionally divided into several groups:

floor finishing;
ceiling finish;
wall decoration.

All component stages of finishing activities can have a wide price and quality range. You can also always invite an interior designer to design a room in a specific style or to acquire maximum practicality, style and aesthetics. But this should be done before the repairmen begin their work. After all, the cost and duration of the execution of ideas depends on the type of finish and materials for its implementation.

wall decoration

Usually, this is where interior finishing work begins, which consists of the following stages:

preparation of walls - includes actions for leveling or giving them the necessary shape, for this they use plaster, gypsum or drywall;
next comes the stage of puttying or finishing leveling the walls;
then decoration is carried out (for example, painting the walls or pasting them with wallpaper).

Wall preparation is of the utmost importance in wall decoration, as a smooth wall surface is a very rare occurrence in most homes. And how the coating will lay down on the walls depends on this action, and the general appearance of the room also largely depends on the relief.

At this time, the most common type is wallpaper, staining occurs on their heels.

But there are lovers of interesting solutions that are ready in their homes with various panels.

It happens that the interior decoration of the walls includes the installation of decorative panels, which include plastic, MDF or fiberboard. For this type of work, the task of the masters is greatly simplified, because the procedure does not require alignment.

Ceiling finish

The situation with the surface of the ceilings is a little better than with the walls, sometimes there may be irregularities at the joints of panels or beams, but all this is well corrected by professional tools combined with skills. But if there is trouble with the relief of the ceiling, then special types of coatings come to the rescue, which can easily mask all the shortcomings of the builders.

But first things first.

The internal finishing work of the ceiling depends on the coating chosen by the customer for it, as well as the way in which they will be carried out.

At this time, there are several types of ceilings:

tension;
painted;
hinged;
pasted over.

The most popular one that the decorator usually recommends is the painted ceiling. It does not require special physical effort, material costs and time. The only thing that precedes the painting of the ceiling, and even then not always, is the preliminary leveling of its surface.

In second place in popularity are pasted over ceilings. It can be panels of various materials or any kind of wallpaper. This type of ceiling is inexpensive, simple and aesthetic.

The estimate for the finishing work of a stretch or suspended ceiling can unpleasantly surprise with its considerable result, but if the owner of the premises does not have a question about saving material resources, then this option is very good.

There is a wide variety of color options to which you can add some creativity and originality (different levels, relief, combination of shades and textures).

Floor finish

It includes a number of works on leveling the floor and installing a concrete screed, the final stage here is the installation of a floor covering, which the owner of the premises must choose. It can be laminate, parquet, linoleum, tiles or boards.

As for the laying of ceramic tiles and tiles, then you will need a master of finishing works, specializing in this. Since laying tiles is a job that requires a certain amount of experience and skills. In this way, you can decorate not only the floor, but also the walls in the bathroom, shower, or lay out a work apron in the kitchen. Sometimes the laying of tiles is included in a special category and in a separate price list for repair and finishing work.

Who to trust?

If the prices for finishing work scare you, or if you have some knowledge and skills in decorating the premises, then you can do it on your own. But there is no execution, covering additional costs or paying penalties and solving problems that have arisen at the stage of finishing work.

But in most cases, property owners resort to the help of professionals, among whom it is possible to find those who offer affordable prices for finishing work, their quality performance and guarantee.

Advantages of repair and finishing companies

Most organizations that specialize in repair, construction and finishing work provide:

detailed development of the plan and budget;
individual approach to each order;
modern equipment and advanced technologies;
highly skilled workers;
finishing in rooms of any degree of complexity;
performance of work within the specified time;
a guarantee for the performed types of work, which is provided after their completion.

Calculation of the cost of repair and finishing works

As for the prices for finishing works, they differ significantly in different regions of the country. For example, in Moscow, the Moscow region, St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region, the cost is much higher than in Saratov, Tomsk or Cherepovets.

Also, the price of finishing largely depends on the materials, the complexity of the work and the timing of their execution. But in all cases, there is one principle: the larger the area of the premises, the higher the price for the services rendered.

In most companies, the operation to calculate the cost of finishing can be done online; for this, there is a special calculator on the organization’s website, with which you can easily find out how much the planned event will cost.

There is another way - very often on those very sites of repair and construction companies there is an opportunity to use the services of an online consultant for free, who will help make preliminary calculations and orient on other basic issues.

In order to give the building a beautiful look or to endow its structural elements with the corresponding features, finishing works are carried out. They are among the most labor- and material-intensive. Therefore, they should be treated very responsibly, because the final result of the repair or construction will depend on this.

If you do not want to do this kind of work yourself, you can find qualified teams and companies that do this on the site. They do quality repairs and are able to carry out this type of work in the shortest possible time.

Variety of finishing works

This type of work can be divided according to the place of their implementation into:

exterior finishing works of the building;
internal finishing work.

External finishing consists in carrying out repair or reconstruction work that requires the facade of a task or building. This can be the application of various plasters, paneling, stone, etc. to it.

When performing work on interior decoration of premises, it is necessary to pay attention not only to the service life of the finishing materials used, but also to their possible conditions of detention, obsolescence, etc.

According to the method of finishing can be divided into:

plaster finishing;
putty finishing;
painting finish;
finishing with facing material;
flooring and ceiling cladding.

Not only its external perception, but also durability, insulating functions, sanitary and hygienic properties, etc. will depend on how well the room or building was finished.

Finishing work groups

There are two main groups into which all finishing work can be divided:

general finishing activity;
finishing and assembly work.

Directly finishing work for the most part perform decorative functions.

The second group of finishing works includes the assembly of building elements that play a constructive role in the construction as a whole.

Among the finishing and installation works, the following can be distinguished:

installation of partitions of various types;
installation of parquet floors;
installation in window openings of glass;
installation of built-in furniture;
decoration of balconies with special materials, etc.

Finishing work is the final stage in the construction or repair. Therefore, the result of all labor depends on them. This means that their implementation must be taken with all seriousness and responsibility.\

In the presented video you can see the whole process of repairing and finishing an apartment in a new building:

Building a house is a very important process, on which the reliability of operation depends in the future. Such work should be carried out only by specialists who have experience in their implementation at each stage.

A very important role in this is played by finishing works, which are carried out almost upon completion of the main types of construction. This process has its own characteristics, which should be taken into account by each master during its execution.

Main characteristics

Finishing work is the process of finishing both the internal and external surfaces of buildings to protect them from external influences. Such procedures combine not only protection, but also heat and sound insulation of walls.

This is a complex procedure that has its own distinctive features for each type of process. Absolutely different types of materials can be used here from plaster to tiles and other products.

When performing such work, you should adhere to basic safety rules and use products that are non-toxic to humans. This factor is very important and plays a practically decisive role in the selection of materials.

The main types of finishing works

Since these processes can be performed for different types of surfaces, experts distinguish several types of them:

Glass work involves the final glazing of the building to limit external influences on the interior of the house. Such a process can be carried out both inside the building and outside, depending on the type of structure.
Plastering involves the application of mortars to all major building components (walls, ceilings, etc.). For such purposes, several types of plasters can be used, which have different properties and purposes.
Facing is a procedure for covering surfaces with special materials (tiles, plywood, etc.).
Painting works. The implementation of such a procedure involves the application of not all types of surfaces of various types of paint and varnish solutions in order to protect the base substance.
Wallpapering is a fairly simple type of work, but often carried out to obtain a decorative effect in the building.

All these types of processes may or may not be performed, depending on the specific type of building. There are many types of materials that are used to solve these problems and obtain a high-quality coating.

Features of one of the operations included in the finishing work can be seen in this video: