Low basement of the house on one side. Plinth for a house brick plinth device

The construction of the foundation is not limited to laying its underground part. Above the surface of the earth, to a height of 50-70 cm, the upper part of the foundation - the basement - is built up.

The basement is the upper part of the foundation that protrudes above the level. vertical layout (Fig. 1.)

Rice. 1. Plinths: 1 - wall structure; 2 - brick base; 3 - waterproofing from two layers of roofing roofing or lining roofing material; 4 - the second waterproofing on the foundation or in the body of the base; 5 - ceramic tile on cement-sand mortar; 6 - mark; 7 - facing frieze stone; 8 - mesh 150 x 150 x 4 cm, tied to the outlets of the reinforcement; nine - facing tiles from natural stone; 10 - hard cement mortar; 11 - outlets of fittings embedded in masonry; 12 - concrete pad; 13 - foundation concrete blocks; 14 - foundation (from prefabricated blocks, rubble masonry, rubble, etc.); 15 - facing brick; 16 - plaster; 17 - reinforcement mesh; 18 - air duct; 19 - insulation

The plinth is not only a support for the walls, but takes on the function of protection from natural influences: in winter it is covered with snow, in spring it is eaten away by melt water, in summer and autumn it rains. Therefore, the strength and resistance of the base to unfavorable natural conditions must be its mandatory characteristics. Structurally, the basement practically does not differ from the foundation, but its appearance should correspond to the general architectural solution of the house. For this, the outer part of the basement is plastered, revetted with natural or artificial stone or tiles. In the simplest finish, the base is overwritten cement mortar and paint. The upper part of the plinth must be strictly horizontal.
The height of the basement can be different depending on the relief of the site. But in any case, the height of the basement should not be less than 50 cm above the level of the layout. A house with a low plinth seems to be squat and loses in architectural terms.

Plinths are made of solid brick frost resistance grades 50 Mrz by solid masonry or from concrete foundation blocks .

Waterproofing the basement of the house

Two waterproofing materials are placed on the plinth, each of two layers of roofing material on bitumen mastic. The first waterproofing is arranged at a height of 20 cm from the level of the blind area, the second - along the top of the basement. The purpose of waterproofing is to cut off the migration of moisture into the walls due to capillary suction of water from the ground and wetting the walls from melting snow and rain splashes (Fig. 1.). Previously, one waterproofing was arranged at the level of the top of the basement. Such waterproofing cut off water inflow into the walls, but the basement itself was in a damp state. As a result, the moisture accumulating in the capillaries of the base material increased in volume during winter freezing and tore the capillaries.
The process, repeated from year to year, destroyed the material of the basements of houses. Therefore, they began to use double waterproofing of the basement. To protect the basement from atmospheric moisture, they are faced with bricks, natural stone slabs or ceramic tiles.

Basement construction. Zabirka

The most successful constructive decision the basement is rubble masonry with simultaneous facing with bricks.
The basement superstructure above the strip foundation is made the same width as the foundation itself. Plinth columnar foundation(it is called a zabirka or a fence wall) it cannot be thick: if it is brick, then the masonry is carried out in a brick or half-brick; if rubble, then no more than 30 cm wide. If at the construction site the soil is rocky, sandy or gravel, then the pick-ups are laid from the ground level; if the soil is clay, then bury the pick-ups into the soil by 20-30 cm, and under them make sand pillow another 20-30 cm thick. Level the upper plane of the basement (as well as the upper plane of the foundation) using a building level.
And one more thing that you should not forget about when building a basement - natural ventilation enclosed space, bounded by basement walls, floor and ground. For free air circulation in this space in the basement on each side of the house at a height of 15-20 cm from the ground, ventilation windows (air vents) with a size of approximately 15 x 15 cm should be left.To protect the underground space from rodents, the air vents must be covered with gratings, and for the winter they worth clogging with wooden plugs.

Brick masonry

When erecting foundations, the basement is laid out of red full-bodied clay brick of a grade not lower than 75 or facing brick with jointing. For brickwork you can use a solution of the composition 1: 0.3: 4 (cement: lime or clay: sand, by volume) - for foundations in low-moisture and moist soils; composition 1: 0: 3 - for foundations located in water-saturated soils.
Brickwork is performed in horizontal rows, laying the brick flat (on the bed). Each brick in the upper row should lie between two or more bricks in the lower row, closing their joints. The order in which the bricks are laid relative to each other while ensuring that their joints overlap is called ligation. The simplest is single-row, or chain dressing, when rows of bricks across the wall (butt) alternate with rows along the wall (false). In this case, the transverse seams in adjacent rows are shifted by a quarter of a brick, and longitudinal - by a half-brick (Fig. 2).

Mortar joints between bricks should be within 10-15 mm. The thickness of horizontal joints in brickwork should be 12 mm, vertical joints 10 mm.
When plastering walls, the basement of the foundation, the joints should not be filled with mortar to a depth of 10-15 mm for better adhesion of the mortar to the surface when plastering.
In order for the masonry to be of high quality, in the corners of the foundation to in advance installed pillars from logs with a diameter of 10-12 cm, wooden slats are attached, marked in height after 77 mm (brick thickness 65 mm plus a seam thickness of 12 mm). The top of the first row is fixed with a mooring cord. The horizontal line of the row is checked along the cord. As the rows are laid, the cord must be moved up. (Fig. 3.)

If this technology of laying the basement turns out to be still difficult to execute, then instead of a mooring cord, formwork panels can be used, or edged boards... They are supported on laths and intermediate bars driven into the ground. Lines are drawn on the board defining the top of the stacked row of bricks.

The laying starts from the corner and gradually moves to the left of the laid part of the plinth row. The trowel for applying the solution must be in right hand... With the left hand, remove the brick from the pile and place it on the mortar. Part of the mortar is pushed onto the side edge or end of the previously laid brick with a trowel, then the brick is pressed with the left hand, the trowel's handle is pressed with light strokes so that the upper edge coincides with the horizontal line drawn on the board, or is in line with the mooring cord. When laying outer versts, the mooring cord is pulled for each row at the level of the top of the stacked row with an indent from the vertical plane by 3-4 mm. Usually, a mooring cord is tied to nails fixed in the seams of the masonry. To check the horizontality and verticality of the masonry, apply building level length 500-700 mm.

To control the quality of the masonry, after fixing the orders, beacons are laid out on them in the form of a escape line, or intermediate orders are installed (every 3 - 4 m). Part of the mortar into which the brick is pressed sometimes protrudes beyond the plane of the basement base. It must be immediately removed with a trowel, put back in the box (bucket) and mixed with the solution located there.
Plinth for log cabins, paving stones and frame walls usually performed in one or 1 1/2 bricks (i.e. 250 and 380 mm wide).

In a private house, it is a basement, which acts as the first floor. Others consider it to be the standard ground floor, which is located below the soil level. In any case, its creation remains unchanged and requires compliance with some rules.

disadvantages

It is worth noting that the construction is distinguished by high costs compared to the usual one; also, in some cases, the expansion of the construction area will be a more economical option.

The approximate cost becomes clear after carrying out geological and engineering surveys, establishing the type of soil, level groundwater... Sometimes afterwards it turns out that in this place the construction of such a building is impossible.

Basement floors in private houses require drainage, high-quality waterproofing and insulation, so it will not be possible to do with the simple formation of the continuation of the foundation. Failure to comply with waterproofing rules or use substandard materials increases the likelihood of flooding.

To carry out such work, builders must be highly qualified, since negligence in work in this case is more likely to have undesirable consequences.

Lighting and ventilation

Since the arrangement of full-fledged windows in the basement is most often impossible, the premises will be insufficient.Therefore, the location of the living rooms is desirable on the ground floor. The most popular options for furnishing are entertainment and sports facilities: home theaters, billiard rooms, swimming pools, saunas, gyms.

It is worth remembering that operation is also associated with large investments, allowing you to maintain the space in the required condition. Forced ventilation the basement floor of a private house is especially relevant in gym and rooms with a high level of humidity, and the creation will be required for saunas and showers. The pool located below ground level is also difficult to arrange.

When not to do without a plinth

It becomes necessary most often when there is a lack of floor space above the ground, and the impossibility of placing all the planned premises.

In some cases, the size of the construction site contributes to the creation of a basement. It can be small or narrow in shape, and the owner has the means to build a large building, and the space on the upper floors is no longer enough.

Arrangement is also common in the presence of a site characterized by the presence of a slope with a noticeable difference in height. In this case, the relief becomes the accent of everything landscape design and allows you to build a very original building.

The basement floor in a private house, the photo of which is presented above, gives respectability to the entire building and can accommodate various rooms, basement or utility areas. It is also worth noting that such a building has higher thermal insulation properties. With proper arrangement, you can reduce costs and accelerate their return on investment. Thanks to him, you can not worry about the loads that fall on the foundation, and the house itself becomes more reliable. in accordance with the established rules, must be within 2.5 meters.

Varieties

There are three main types:

recessed ground floor in a private house;
speaker;
located flush with the base.

The most widespread is the first option. This is facilitated by less exposure to moisture, compared to other species. Also, in this case, humidity does not have such a detrimental effect on other parts of the building, since water quickly drains from the basement.

The protruding type is ideal for houses with thin wall structures. So you can equip rooms that will be located almost underground. Sometimes it acts as a storage place for seasonal and rarely used items.

The device of the basement floor of a private house on the same level as the foundation is not always rational, since it will have insufficient protection from moisture and at the same time act as the beginning of the wall. The use of additional waterproofing materials will be required, which entails extra expenses... It is also worth noting the impossibility of improvement appearance building.

Materials (edit)

Due to the fact that the basement is a continuation of the foundation, it is erected from a material similar to that used to create the foundation. Sometimes it is possible to choose the materials of which the wall structures... Most often used ready-made blocks, brick and monolithic concrete... Regardless of the perfect choice, a competent calculation is required. Particular attention should be paid to determining the thickness of the walls.

Screed and concrete plates act as a floor. The base can be formed from ready-made reinforced concrete slabs... For facing works often applied wood material... If the basement in a private house rises significantly above the ground, it is possible to create full-fledged windows and doors in its upper part, while it is desirable that they face the south, west or east side. Arrangement of openings on the north side is undesirable, as this can lead to deformation of the frames due to the accumulation of a large amount of snow.

Ladder

It is advisable to start with the stairs to the basement in a private house, since it is integral and important element premises. The most widespread are three types staircase structures providing a comfortable descent. Arrangement of the classic marching option is possible if there is sufficient space. If the design of the floor and its dimensions do not allow creating such a comfortable descent, the bolt or screw look will do.

Waterproofing

Separately, it should be noted waterproofing works... An underground structure must be coated on both sides with materials that protect against moisture. This will increase their reliability. Waterproofing of elements located above the ground does not require an obligatory internal waterproofing.

The basement floor in a private house, which is based on a solid concrete slab, has undoubted advantages:

arrangement of premises for any purpose is possible;
the structure is distinguished by sufficient protection against negative external influence for example humidity;
it takes relatively little time to build;
distinctive structural strength.

High-quality arrangement of waterproofing is the main point in the construction. If this rule is not followed, the floor slab will have poor adhesion to the wall elements of the base. As stated earlier, the height of the plinth should be within 2.5 meters. For its construction, a pit is pulled out with the required depth.

Design work

First of all, when arranging, it is necessary to install required thickness walls. Here you need to build on the type of soil on the site and the location of the building. If the soil is sufficiently reliable, it is possible to create walls with a thickness similar to that of walls in other parts of the house. Otherwise, it is recommended to increase the thickness by 20-30 cm. When using wood for the construction of a building, the basement in a private house with your own hands can be made of concrete blocks.

An important stage is the preparation of a project, which must necessarily take into account the location of groundwater. This is due to the fact that the depth of the pit should not reach the level of occurrence of water. Preliminary exploration of the soil is carried out to establish the possible depth.

The height of the plinth is one of the parameters that have great value when building a house. it Bottom part building, erected on a foundation and performing important functions related to the preservation of heat inside the building. The plinth is necessary in order to protect the walls from the effects of groundwater, it prevents the formation of fungus and mold on the walls, increases the resistance of the structure low temperatures... Due to the presence of a plinth, heat transfer between the interior and the street increases.

In order for this part of the house to meet all the requirements and contribute to the solution of the assigned tasks, it is necessary during construction not only to choose high-quality and reliable material, but also take into account the height of the erected base.

How to determine the height of the base

One of the base types is a sinking

The effectiveness of the protective functions that the basement of the house performs directly depends on its height and type:

The protruding base requires additional finishing and the construction of a visor that protects the structure from precipitation and moisture accumulation. It becomes a decoration for the facade of any building.
The westerner is the most durable. In this version, the junction of the basement and the walls of the house is completely protected from moisture penetration, which is a guarantee of increased safety of the foundation and the protection of the waterproofing layer. During the construction of this type, there is no need to construct obligatory water outlets.
Flush with the wall. The least popular type of base. It requires the construction of a visor, and with additional finishing it becomes bulging.

The choice of the height of the erected basement is influenced by the type of foundation, and the depth of the groundwater, and the climatic conditions in the area where the construction is underway. In addition, it is important to have a basement (basement).

Starting work on the construction of the basement, it is worth considering that the higher it is, the less likely it is indoor spaces may suffer from moisture penetration. Erections begin directly from the foundation of the house, and at the joints with the walls of the building it is required correct organization waterproofing, preventing possible penetration of moisture through the capillaries of the porous material into the walls of the building.

Plinth flush with the wall

The impact on the plinth is comprehensive, since it can withstand the constant load from the walls. And in cases where there is no basement in the house, and the floor is located on the ground, the basement is also subject to the pressure of the earth filled up inside the entire perimeter of the house.

If, to determine the width of the future basement, it is necessary to accurately determine the choice of material from which the walls of the house will be erected, and its type depends on the quality of the foundation, then the height will depend on the presence of the basement, temperature regime, weather conditions and the amount of natural precipitation typical for the area where construction is underway. These parameters differ greatly in different areas, therefore there are no strict guidelines for determining the base / plinth height.

Minimum height

The construction of the basement begins directly from the foundation, and it is raised to a height of at least 40 centimeters. It is believed that this is the minimum height of the basement of the house.

High basement of the house

This height is optimal in the presence of a strip foundation, although a basement of such a height is erected on a different basis, based on the average snow level over a decade that falls annually in this area. A basement of such a height is erected only in cases where there is no basement in the house.

In some areas, the height of the basement of the house is lower than this indicator. In especially arid zones, it is allowed to erect a brick structure up to a height of only 20 centimeters. But even here there is a risk of abundant humidification of the walls of the house when ordinary rainwater hits them. In most cases, a properly constructed blind area can change the situation. Although with a low basement height, as with improper construction of the foundation, the walls of the house may suffer from capillary moistening of the walls with groundwater. This will lead to the destruction of the material from the inside and a significant reduction in the life of the building.

Standard height

Plinth, standard height

The basement floor requires a significant increase in the height of the basement itself. Now, to the main functions that this design is designed to perform, the provision of installation in a technical room is also added. engineering systems, which include pumps or valves. In some cases, when choosing the height of the basement, they are guided by the height of the basement ceilings.

The features of the construction of the foundation of the house remain important. If the level of the foundation coincides with the level of the ground, then the height of the basement cannot be less than 70 centimeters, and sometimes it reaches one meter. Standard height, during construction country house reaches 50 or 70 centimeters. It is this value that is recognized as optimal for most areas with various climatic conditions and different depths of groundwater.

So, to determine the height of the basement during the construction of a country house, it is necessary to take into account:

depth of groundwater;
the amount of precipitation;
the presence of a basement;
the need to organize a technical room in the basement;
view of the equipped base of the house.

Features of waterproofing and insulation at different heights

The efficiency of the strip plinth will be nullified if there are no ventilation ducts in it. These are the holes, the distance between which should not exceed 3 meters. They are arranged around the entire perimeter, providing high-quality air circulation. Internal walls and partitions are no exception. These holes can only be closed ventilation grilles... In the video you will see how to properly insulate and waterproof the basement of the house.

The use of any plugs is strictly prohibited, since the moisture present in the basement space leads to the formation of mold and mildew. When erecting a brick basement, to organize ventilation ducts, it is enough to leave gaps in the masonry; in other versions, pipes are used that are fixed between the blocks. Jumpers can be sheet steel or conventional fittings.

The waterproofing material provides reliable protection of the basement from groundwater. It can be roofing material or another type roll waterproofing, such as:

glass roofing material;
rubemast;
euroruberoid.

Lay it in two layers directly on the foundation, applying to it bituminous mastic or heated bitumen. Between layers waterproofing material apply a layer adhesive composition providing a strong connection.

Why does a house need a basement?
The basement of the house is with two-layer walls.
Features of waterproofing the basement.
Elimination of cold bridges in the basement.

The basement is the above-ground part of the foundation. This is a rather complicated knot, where vertical (basement, walls) and horizontal (floors and ceilings) structures of the house converge and adjoin each other.

The correct device, waterproofing and insulation of the basement - the necessary conditions for the construction of a durable, economical and heat-saving house.

The figure below clearly shows what will happen if the house is very low base.

Plinth with a height of at least 20 cm. protects the walls from moisture (in the picture on the left) A low base and the absence of a base leads to dampness of the wall of the house (in the picture in the center and on the right)

The height of the basement of a private house must be at least 20 cm. With a low plinth, there is a high risk of wetting the wall of the house. The walls will be moistened from splashes when rain drops hit the ground, when snow drifts melt, or from capillary suction of moisture directly from the ground.

Damp walls lose their heat-saving properties. Water freezing in the walls gradually destroys them. Dirt, dampness, fungus and mold appear on the decoration of the walls outside and inside the house.

In areas with high snow cover, it is better to make the basement height not lower than the level of stable snow cover. This rule is especially important for houses with wooden walls.

To protect the walls of the house from moisture emanating from the ground, two lines of defense are created:

Increase the height of the basement in order to remove the walls of the house as far as possible from the ground - a source of moisture.
Arrange waterproofing of the walls of the house and the basement in the hazardous area of exposure to moisture.

A high plinth increases the cost of building a house. Therefore, depending on the construction of the walls and, they are trying to find a reasonable compromise between the size of the basement and the level of waterproofing.

Be sure to arrange between the basement and the wall of the house ghorizontal layer of roll waterproofing.

In some cases, which are discussed below, it is necessary to do additional waterproofing of the walls of the house.

For a private house it is recommended to make a sinking base... At the sinking plinth, the outer surface of the wall protrudes beyond the border of the plinth by about 50 mm. Water falling on the surface of the wall flows down and falls from the wall past the basement onto the blind area. This solution prevents water flowing down the wall from getting onto the horizontal waterproofing and flowing through it into the wall. For better water drainage a drip is fixed along the lower edge of the wall.

It should be noted that in addition to the moisture protection function, the basement plays a certain role in the architectural appearance of the house. A house on a high plinth looks more solid and impressive, and the finishing of the plinth can emphasize the beauty of the floors of the house.

Correct basement of a house with single-layer exterior walls

The height of the basement of a house with single-layer external walls must be at least 50 cm.(in the picture on the left) Or for a plinth with a height less than 50 cm, but not lower than 20 cm., additional waterproofing of the walls is required. (in the picture on the right)

The outer surface of single-layer walls is less protected from moisture than multi-layer walls. Therefore, it is recommended that the basement of a house with a height of at least 50 cm.

If the base of a single-layer wall is below 50 cm., then arrange additional waterproofing in two places:

In the wall, above the first or second layer of masonry made of aerated concrete or porous ceramic blocks, another layer of roll waterproofing is laid.
The outer surface of the wall, in the area of the lower rows of masonry, is protected from water with a layer of vertical waterproofing. To do this, it is enough to use hydrophobic primers and waterproof plasters when decorating the wall. It is better, but more expensive, to cover the basement and the lower part of the walls with a material with low water absorption, for example, clinker tiles.

Plinth construction for a single wall houses with a basement or at home on foundation - slab can

Dimensions of the basement of a house with two-layer outer walls

Minimum height base / plinth for a two-layer wall insulated with expanded polystyrene 20 cm. For a wall insulated with mineral wool, at least 30 cm.(in the left picture) A low base will lead to humidification exterior decoration and soaking mineral wool insulation (in the picture on the right)

Besides, thermal insulation of the plinth eliminates the cold bridge through the basement and the supporting part of the wall, bypassing the thermal insulation of the floor and wall.

In a single-layer wall, the floor is raised to the level of the second or third row of masonry. They raise to the same level vertical waterproofing basement. 2 - waterproofing; 4-5 - plaster on the grid; 8 - finishing; 9 - floor on the ground

If on the site or weakly heaving, then the task of fighting the forces of frost heaving is not worth it. In this case, it is necessary to get rid of only the cold bridge through the base and the supporting part of the wall.

To eliminate the bridge of cold in a house with single walls without insulation of the basement, it is necessary to raise the floor to the level of the second or third row of masonry blocks of the outer wall. This is sufficient, since the material of a single-layer wall has a low thermal conductivity.

The load-bearing part of two- or three-layer walls is usually made of a material with high thermal conductivity. To eliminate the cold bridge in two- or three-layer walls, only the upper part of the base can be covered with insulation, by about 0.5 m. below floor level. This will increase the length of the heat flow path along the plinth.

If the basement space under the house is not heated, then the basement is covered with thermal insulation on both sides.

In multilayer walls, to eliminate the cold bridge, one outer or both sides of the basement are covered with thermal insulation (for houses with an unheated basement space or floors on the ground)

For multi-layer walls, another way of dealing with the cold bridge is used. The lower rows of masonry of the load-bearing part of the wall are made of wall material with low thermal conductivity. The floor level is raised, in the same way as it is done for a single-layer wall.

For insulation of the basement and the underground part of the foundation, plates of extruded polystyrene foam (penoplex, etc.) are best suited.

Convenient to insulate strip foundations... Construction of pile foundations with bored (including TISE) or screw piles more suitable for a cold base. Insulation of such foundations is quite problematic and expensive.

The basement space of houses with pile foundations is usually not insulated. The construction of the basement and the floor of the first floor of the house on pile foundation choose with this circumstance in mind.

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Basement - towering above ground level outer wall, which is a kind of transition between the foundations and the facade of housing construction. This upper part of the building can serve as walls for basements, basements and basements.

The design and construction of the basement part of the building requires a thorough approach. Special attention deserves such a parameter as height. A base / plinth that is too low will not be able to protect living quarters from moisture penetration. This negatively affects the integrity and service life of the building, making living impossible.

The base / plinth height depends on the following parameters:

type of base;
house building project;
characteristic features of the soil;
the intended purpose of the basement, if provided.

Construction regulations are also important and must not be ignored.

The construction costs of the foundation and plinth make up the bulk of the estimate. And if the project does not provide for the presence of a basement, some believe that the base can be made flush with the ground. This, of course, allows you to save on the construction stage, but inevitably harms the building itself. The basement is an indispensable part of houses, in the construction of which materials susceptible to moisture are used.

The main function of the basement part of the building is to protect the facade from contact with the ground. The barrier to soil water, lifted through the capillaries from the base, is waterproofing, which is laid directly between the walls of the facade and the plinth.

Along with isolating the structure from the effects of groundwater, the following functions are assigned to the basement:

protecting the facade from contamination;
protection of the skin from mechanical damage;
compensation for shrinkage under the weight of the structure;
insulation of basement ceilings from negative influences;
provision of full ventilation and improvement of heat-insulating qualities;

In addition, the basement part gives the house an aesthetic appeal and a complete look.

In order for the basement part of the structure to perform all the functions assigned to it, it must have a sufficient height. Otherwise, moisture will penetrate into residential premises, and the facade of the building will remain unprotected from dirt and mechanical stress.

According to building codes and rules (SNiP), this parameter should not be less than 20 cm. This is the minimum indicator. It is better not to save money and erect a basement with a height of 30 to 40 cm. Structures erected from wood are more susceptible to moisture, therefore, the distance above ground level for the lower part should be at least half a meter and reach 90 cm.

The parameter from 20 to 90 cm is the recommended basement height for buildings that do not have a basement in the project. If the building is being built with a basement floor, it can reach 2 meters. A more accurate indicator of the required height can be calculated taking into account climatic conditions and average precipitation.

It is quite difficult to do it on your own, but it is possible. For this purpose, the average depth of snow cover is calculated over several years, and 10 cm is added to the obtained value. This data can be obtained by analyzing weather forecasts.

Basic types of plinths

The construction of a high basement leads to an increase in the cost estimate. This is not a reason for saving. The main thing that outer wall, rising above ground level, was strong, had high operational properties.

The height indicator depends not only on the soil, foundation, project, but also on the position of the basement relative to the facade wall. It can be performed in one of the following options:

Westerners. The outer wall is located inside the façade. This option is suitable for buildings with fairly thick walls.
For speakers. The plane of the base is pushed forward. This decision is the only possible option for buildings with thin walls and a basement.
Level. The basement part of the building smoothly passes into the facade, that is, both the upper and lower parts are located in the same plane.

Each of the types has its own characteristic features that affect how the base will be.

How does the type of base affect the height?

A protruding basement is the most costly option, but it is necessary in cases where the project provides for an exploited basement. The height in this case should be maximum. Otherwise, it is impossible to achieve good thermal insulation characteristics... There can be no savings in this case.

For buildings that do not have a basement and basement, it is most advisable to choose the western option. The facade overhanging wall becomes the ideal protection of the base of the house from mechanical damage and adverse atmospheric precipitation. The height of such a base is kept to a minimum. The larger it is, the lower the degree of protection.

Base / plinth height and type of foundation

The basement part of the building on a low foundation (slab, tape, pile-tape) is made of bricks or blocks. The first option is less reliable. Blocks allow you to achieve more high level security.

Both base / plinth options imply the need for quality finishes providing protective functions... If groundwater lie close, equip drainage, and if low - blind area. The height of the basement is made no less than the minimum recommended if there is no basement. The minimum indicator is taken solely to save money.

The pile foundation is low if the grillage is directly at ground level, and raised. The most unstable is the columnar one, which requires obligatory compensation for the heaving of the soil. For this purpose, the height is made at least 20 cm.

The gaps formed between the posts or piles are laid with bricks, covered with shields or asbestos-cement slabs. The basement cannot be too high due to the design features of the foundation itself.

Basement height when erecting buildings with a basement or basement

Buildings with exploited basements got the most wide use in private housing construction. The rationality of such a solution is due to the ability to use this part of the building as for economic needs, placing in basement floor a laundry, a pantry, a boiler room, a cellar, and for expanding living space, equipping a study, a bedroom, a gym, and so on.

Sometimes both of these appointments are combined. It all depends on the estimated building area. The main thing is that this approach is more economical than adding an additional floor above ground level. The total height of the basement is much higher here than in buildings without a used basement. She, according to SNiP, is at least 250 cm.

The amount by which the basement will rise above ground level depends on the purpose of the basement. If it is supposed to be used as a utility room, it is allowed to take a minimum limit. On the basement floor under living rooms you cannot save, therefore, a small margin must be added to the recommended height.