The decision of the company commander for a month. The work of the company (battalion) commander in organizing the battle
The positional areas of missile subunits and enemy units without indicating the location of the launch batteries in them are designated in the same way as the firing positions of artillery in a similar position using the symbolic launcher symbol (Fig. 59, a). A spare or false positional area is designated in the same way as the area planned for occupation, but with the addition of the letter 3 or L in the form of a numerator above the name of the unit (unit) (Fig. 59, b).
Rice. 59. Display on the map of the positional areas of enemy missile subunits: a- positional area: b - false positional area
The direction of the main attack in the tactical link is indicated only by a dotted wide arrow, without additional figured signs. The first point should indicate a local object at or in front of the enemy's front line. The last point should be in front of the boundary of the final task or on it. In this case, the direction of the main blow should be indicated by pronounced landmarks (local objects). Such a sign is convenient for execution. When drawing it, the topographic basis of the map and the position of the troops should not be obscured (Fig. 60).
Rice. 60. Designation of the direction of the main strike
The combat missions of motorized rifle and tank subunits and subunits of the airborne troops in the offensive are drawn on the map with a dotted line with an arrow. The length of the dotted line for the company is 4 mm with the distance between the dashes up to 2 mm, and for the battalion and unit it is the same as for the demarcation line. The arrow indicates the nature and direction of the unit's actions, its length should provide a clear application of the unit's mark. Therefore, on the arrow in front of its point, transverse lines must be put down: one - a platoon, two - a company, three - a battalion (Fig. 61).
Rice. 61. Mapping combat missions
Motorized rifle subunits operating in tactical airborne assault forces, or subunits of the airborne troops, when setting up a combat mission, indicate the landing area (disembarkation, dropout), which is displayed on the working map with a red pencil in a closed oval dotted line with the accepted conventional sign and inscriptions indicating the name of the subunit and the estimated time of disembarkation (dropping). The line is drawn in such a way that the beginning of each (after the first) line is, as it were, a continuation of the previous one, and is not applied as a ledge in relation to it.
This is also important because in the case of subunits reaching this line or occupying a designated area, it is very easy to connect correctly drawn dotted lines. As a result, we will get a correctly delineated area or line. In the first case, the line turns out to be broken, pulse-like.
In the offensive, the missions of companies and battalions can sometimes coincide in depth. In this case, not two lines are drawn, but one with the corresponding explanatory inscriptions (Fig. 61).
Areas, the lines of transition to the attack (entry into battle) are plotted on the map, taking into account the terrain (Fig. 62).
Rice. 62. Mapping the areas intended for occupation and the lines of transition to the attack, taking into account the terrain and local objects
The first figure of the top row shows the two most common mistakes, when the line of entry into battle, the line of transition to the attack are applied in the same way as the combat mission, that is, with two or three cross lines on the arrow, but without cross lines on ends of the line.
When drawing on the map the line of transition to the attack, the line of entry into battle, the firing line, next to the conventional sign, it is necessary to indicate which unit is entering or entering this line. Moreover, if one or another unit is indicated two lines, for example, entering into battle, then the line number is written in the numerator, and the number and name of the military unit - in the denominator.
The numbering of the lines of entry into battle is carried out from their troops in the direction of the direction of the offensive. It should not be forgotten that the conventional sign of the line of transition to the attack is indicated without transverse dashes on the arrow, similar to the conventional signs of the true position of subunits, but with transverse dashes at the ends of the line of the line.
When assigning several firing lines to tank subunits, they can also be sequentially numbered. In this case, the inscription is made as shown in Fig. 63.
Rice. 63. Drawing on the map the line of transition to the attack, the lines of entry into battle, the firing line of tank subunits
Many mistakes are made when indicating and plotting the directions of offensive: the first point is indicated outside the border of the transition to the attack (deployment or entry into battle) or on one of its flanks, and it must be indicated in front of him (towards the enemy), i.e. the line of direction of the offensive should be, as it were, a continuation of the arrow line on the conventional sign of the line or the task of the subunit; the direction of the offensive crosses the line or the front border of the region, and it must end before the line or the region that the subunit takes over, or within the region, without going beyond its border.
If the direction of the offensive ends, that is, it "rests" on the arrow at the turn of the combat mission, then it can be depicted without the arrow on the last stroke before the border (Fig. 64, first option).
The length of the dotted line to indicate the direction of the offensive (counterattack) is taken the same as for drawing demarcation lines, areas and borders (Fig. 64).
If, after completing the next combat mission, the subunit is indicated in a different direction (attack on the flank), then the arrow indicating the new direction of the offensive must be a continuation of the arrow on the conventional sign designating the combat mission, after which the subunit begins a roundabout maneuver (Fig. 64, second option ). In the absence of landmarks or
Rice. 64. Mapping the direction of attack of subunits
actions at a short distance, for example, when a counterattack or moving to take a new line, when setting tasks for a unit, the direction can be indicated with one point. In this case, the starting point is the place of the arrow on the occupied boundary or the conditional center of the line of this boundary (area).
The firing positions and areas of the location of artillery subunits of a heterogeneous composition are plotted taking into account the caliber and type of artillery (Fig. 65).
Rice. 65. Drawing on the map of firing positions and the area of the location of artillery units
This also applies to the designation of firing lines, location areas, marching columns of anti-tank reserve of a heterogeneous composition: the lines are indicated by a combination of two signs reflecting the qualitative composition of the reserve, for example, ATGM installations and anti-tank artillery; the areas of location and marching columns of the anti-tank reserve are designated by a generally accepted conventional sign for anti-tank artillery units with the corresponding signature. The actual line of deployment of the anti-tank reserve is indicated by a solid line. Inscriptions at the planned lines are placed behind the line or above (below) it (Fig. 66).
Rice. 66. Drawing on a map of firing lines, areas of location and a marching column of an anti-tank reserve
In cases where tank subunits are involved in direct fire and occupy firing positions, their position on the map can be depicted as shown in Fig. 67, a. The position of a tank subunit in a waiting position is indicated by a general sign, but with the addition of the letters VP as the numerator (Fig. 67, b). Tank subunits located in defense are drawn on the working map by a line with strokes (Fig. 67, c).
Rice. 67. Drawing on the map of a tank unit: a - at the firing range; b - in a waiting position, c - in defense
The position of tanks and motorized rifle units in an ambush can be mapped as shown in Fig. 68.
Rice. 68. Mapping a tank and a motorized rifle squad in an ambush
Places of command posts are marked only on the maps of the commander, chief of staff and chief of communications. The sizes of their symbols are determined depending on the importance of the military instance and the scale of the map and, therefore, for one echelon (battalion - division) should be the same (Fig. 69).
Rice. 69. Display on the map of control points
All observation points must also be mapped in the same size.
When drawing rear-service units on the map, there is no need to duplicate their symbolic sign with the inscription “rear”, you should only mark the location of the battalion's rear-service units with the established conventional sign (Fig. 70).
Rice. 70. Mapping the area of the rear units
It is wrong to do those officers who dampen the original situation, and sometimes, not with one color, but with several colors, that is, they tend to excessive decoration. For example, the area of the location of their troops is dimmed in green, the enemy - in blue, dividing lines - in yellow (Fig. 71).
Rice. 71. Drawing on the map (diagram) of the initial situation
Anyone who does this forgets that the work card is not intended for one-time use. You will have to work on it during the battle. That's when difficulties begin with choosing a color for shading. Let's say you decide to shade the first situation after an hour of battle. The own color of the sign - red, blue or black is already taken: you have extinguished the enemy's position with it, green and yellow are occupied. It is not recommended to tarnish with brown - it is darker than the main color.
Many officers find a way out in the fact that they dim the situation with the previously used color, thus introducing confusion in the designation of the time of the position of the troops.
There is one more circumstance that cannot be ignored: the possibility of troops reaching those lines that were already extinguished by the initial situation (combat mission, line of entry into battle, line of deployment of an anti-tank reserve, etc.).
The commander's decision to attack from direct contact with the enemy is usually plotted on the working map during its adoption in approximately the following sequence:
1. The grouping and the possible nature of the enemy's actions (according to the assessment made by the commander).
3. Dividing lines.
4. The starting position of the first echelon subunits and their tasks.
5. The initial position of the second echelon subunit, the line of its entry into battle and the mission.
6. Tasks for tanks allocated for direct fire.
7. Firing positions and tasks of attached, supporting and standard artillery and mortars.
8. Places of passages in engineering barriers.
9. Questions of interaction between departments.
10. The location of the command and observation post and the direction of its movement.
11. The area where the rear units are located.
The position of subordinate units when making a decision of the commander is plotted on the map in detail one step below.
If the offensive is carried out on the move, then the following are additionally plotted on the map: the areas where the units are located before the start of the offensive, the routes of advance, the initial line (point), the lines (points) of regulation and deployment, the line of transition to the attack, the time of their passage (exit from them), as well as the formation of a battalion to advance to the line of transition to the attack.
The possible nature of the enemy's actions and the commander's decision are plotted on the map with dotted lines and shaded in the same way as the situation on which the decision is made (Fig. 72).
Rice. 72. Mapping data about the enemy, his intentions and tasks of subunits
The remaining elements of the solution are mapped in accordance with the same rules and requirements that we adhered to when plotting the initial setting.
Issues of interaction between units are displayed on the map with dotted lines (Fig. 73).
Rice. 73. Display on the map of issues of interaction of units
When plotting elements of a battle formation geographically located in the same area, preference is given to the element that is more important for the officer who leads it. In fig. 74 shows a fragment of the situation reflected on the map of the commander of a motorized rifle battalion and the commander of an artillery battalion.
Rice. 74. Mapping of units located in the same area:
a - the situation plotted on the commander's map 1 msb; b - the situation plotted on the commander's map 2 ad
Ryas. 75. Show on the map of the area of the location of the unit, displayed in the reserve:
a - after repelling a counterattack; b - after completing the task
For a unit being withdrawn to the reserve, the area in which it should concentrate and the time are shown (Fig. 75, b). The time for a subunit to enter a new area may not be indicated in the case when the subunit is withdrawn to the reserve after completing a certain mission, for example, after repelling a counterattack or after destroying a surrounded enemy (Fig. 75, a).
All data that cannot be graphically displayed on the map are formatted textually in a free space on the map or in a workbook. These data include the distribution of forces and assets, the duration and construction of fire training (raid), the procedure for securing joints, flanks and gaps, interaction signals, etc. In this case, such abbreviations as district (district), p -zh (line), uch-k (site), pr-k (enemy), and other statutory reductions - they are extremely necessary to reduce the volume of explanatory inscriptions and reduce the time for their writing.
Since numbers and numbers are often found in explanatory inscriptions, it will not be superfluous to recall the writing of the number of subdivisions and ordinal numbers: they, unlike numbering, are written with a word, for example, two MSR, three ISV, first echelon, and not 2 MSR, 3 ISV, 1st echelon , as it is sometimes written incorrectly. The latter can be read as follows (and, therefore, it is misunderstood): the second motorized rifle company, the third engineer platoon, one echelon.
The initial position of the battalion in the initial area when it advances from direct contact with the enemy is shown only in the area of the breakthrough of the enemy's defense. The immediate mission of the battalion in this case is usually indicated only within the area of the breakthrough (Fig. 76).
Rice. 76. Display on the map of the breakthrough site and the starting area for the offensive:
a - the breakthrough is carried out on the move along the entire front of the offensive c - the breakthrough area coincides with the left dividing line
After the units take their starting position for the offensive, it is plotted on the map in solid lines. By this time, passes will usually be made in the enemy's obstacles. As an example, Fig. 77 shows a variant of the image of such a passage (the numerator shows the number of the passage, in the denominator - the width of the passage in meters).
Rice. 77. An example of the image of the initial position of the battalion for the offensive from direct contact with the enemy
MILITARY THOUGHT No. 6/1997, pp. 2-6
ColonelV. A. KHARITONOV ,
Doctor of Military Sciences, Associate Professor
The TENDENCE towards the integration of the efforts of various forces and means in the course of combat operations of ground forces can be clearly traced in the history of wars: the number of participants in army operations increases with the development of scientific and technological progress. How should the issues related to the combat use of various forces and means in the conduct of a modern army operation be presented, in the decision of the army commander - the topic of this article.
The combined-arms nature of an army operation is manifested in the fact that the army commander uses various forces and means in this operation within the framework of one decision, subjecting their actions to his sole will (see figure). We proceed from this principled position in our further reasoning. First, the issues of using combat assets in an operation should not be considered separately (for example, tank, motorized rifle troops, missile forces and artillery, aviation, air defense forces, etc.), but as an integral part of a single decision on its implementation. Secondly, the decision can be conditionally divided into a “combined arms” unit, which concerns all participants in the operation, and into elements related to a specific branch of the armed forces (branch of the Armed Forces).
The structure of forces and means of conducting a modern army operation
Thus, we will take as a basis the list of measures that determines the sequence and content of the work of the army commander, headquarters and chiefs of combat arms, special forces and decision-making services, set out in the corresponding combat documents. Despite the obviousness of this statement, there are other approaches in the practice of training troops and the educational process of the Land Forces academies.
The most widespread of them, apparently, is a consequence of the fact that the commanders of combined-arms armies for the most part believe that the most important elements of a decision on an operation should contain only the issues of the combat use of tank and motorized rifle troops, and the use of other funds. Undoubtedly, tank and motorized rifle troops are the main means of conducting an army operation, the main one, but not the only one, and this approach clearly does not correspond to the combined-arms nature of combat operations of the Ground Forces in modern conditions.
The essence of another approach lies in the fact that making a decision on the combat use of one or another means is singled out as an independent process and organized in the image and likeness of the preparation of an army operation. This is especially characteristic of aviation, which for a long time came at the disposal of a combined-arms commander only in the rank of a branch of the Armed Forces, which isolated it from other forces and means. In addition, without sufficient grounds, the experience of the Great Patriotic War was transferred to modern conditions, where the organization of aviation combat operations was mainly engaged in the front link. A similar trend is observed in the organization of the use of forces and means of technical support, which, moreover, do not belong to combat.
To make the conversation substantive, let us turn to a specific example - the use of aviation in an army operation, the use of which is very poorly reflected in the governing documents.
The commander's decision-making work (once the mission is clear) begins with assessments of the situation. Since a modern operation is of a combined arms nature, this work should be considered in the form of component parts, one of which refers to all participants in the operation, and the others to the means used. So, in the part concerning aviation, when assessing the situation in the interests of its combat use, the following issues should be reflected:
when assessing the enemy - the composition, position, nature of the functioning of enemy targets hit by aircraft; the position of the reserves, the presence of barrier lines on the probable routes of their advance, where strikes by front-line aviation to prevent the enemy from maneuvering are most effective; the composition of the enemy air defense grouping as the most powerful means influencing the result of the use of aviation;
when assessing their troops - a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the flight life; spatial and temporal indicators of aviation capabilities; its capabilities for engaging the enemy with fire, solving reconnaissance, transport-assault and special missions;
in assessing the terrain, time, as well as other factors affecting the fulfillment of a combat mission, the excess of the terrain of the forthcoming hostilities above sea level and the temperature regime, which have a significant impact on the capabilities of the Ground Forces aviation to perform missions in the operation; the time of sunrise and sunset (change of time of day); predicted meteorological conditions for the period of the operation.
As you know, in the course of assessing the situation, the main provisions of the concept for the operation are formulated, which, based on the combined-arms nature of a modern army operation, should contain the idea of using the main (combat) forces and means.
As a participant in an army operation, aviation is primarily a means of fire. Consequently, the idea of its combat use should be reflected in the point of the concept where the procedure for engaging the enemy with fire is determined, and the most important element of the decision on an operation for the combat use of aviation should be determining the order of its application in fire defeat of the enemy(as an element of the army commander's intention). According to the existing practice of operational training of the Ground Forces, the plan of the commander of the combined arms army contains the distribution of the flight resource according to the tasks of the army, which, in our opinion, is inappropriate: such an approach was unreasonably adopted from the decision of the commander of the air army, where he thus determines the task on which it is necessary to concentrate the main aviation efforts. In addition, at the stage of forming an idea, the army commander is unlikely to be able to obtain a reasonable distribution of the flight resource (perhaps intuitively, since it can be obtained by calculation methods only during the planning of an operation).
The idea of using other troops can be expressed in the following elements of the concept: for tank, motorized rifle and airborne troops - in the method and sequence of defeating the enemy, in the operational formation of the army; for missile troops and artillery, air defense troops, as well as engineering troops and RCB protection troops (in that part of them where they act as participants in complex fire damage) - similar to aviation, i.e. the order of their application in the fire defeat of the enemy.
The combined-arms part of the concept (that is, what concerns all participants in the operation) should include its first point - the direction of concentration of the main efforts and the areas on which the stability of the defense depends (for a defensive operation); the direction of the main and other strikes (for offensive and counter-offensive operations).
Due to the fact that the main aviation group is part of the front forces (air army, front-line aviation of the Ground Forces) and in the interests of the army conducting the operation, aviation performs a fairly large number of fire missions, it becomes necessary to work out such an element of the solution as accounting aviation actions according to the plans of the senior command. This accounting is carried out in the course of developing a concept (as a rule, in the order of engaging the enemy with fire), as well as when defining tasks for the troops.
Continuing to work on the remaining elements of the solution, the army commander usually determines the tasks of subordinate formations and units, the chief of staff - the tasks of fire and nuclear destruction of the enemy. Deputies, chiefs of combat arms, special forces and services make detailed calculations of proposals for the use of subordinate troops and services. These are the requirements of the current guidance documents. However, the expediency of dividing the assigned tasks (to the troops - the commander, fire defeat - the chief of staff) raises doubts. The famous Suvorov battle formula "maneuver, fire, strike" is apparently also valid for an operation. Its integral part is the effective engagement of the enemy, and the determination of his tasks in isolation from the tasks of the troops will most likely reduce the quality of the decision being made. Moreover, the existing guidance documents require the combined-arms commander to make a single-handed decision.
The same documents indicate that in his decision, the army commander determines the combat missions of the troops, and the tasks for the main types of support - if necessary.
The question is pertinent: what are the tasks of aviation to be attributed to combat - fire, reconnaissance, transport-assault, special? The answer, it seems, is unambiguous: only fire and amphibious assault, since all the rest are carried out in terms of ensuring combat operations in the operation. Even intelligence is a kind of operational, but still support.
Thus, in his decision, the army commander indicates to aviation, as a rule, only fire missions and tasks for the landing of tactical airborne assault forces, and the rest are the prerogative of the chiefs of the combat arms and services.
It should be noted that within the framework of solving the aviation problem, they are determined for the operation as a whole, on the basis of which specific departures of aviation units and subunits are not indicated in them. Here, as a rule, only what they have to perform at one stage or another of the operation is indicated, as well as the method of performing these tasks. And only when tasks are set (which for aviation, according to the current guidance documents, is done only for the coming day or day, night) will this or that aviation task in an operation be expressed in a specific strike, and even then only for the first flight during that day, and in subsequent, as a rule, indicating the place and degree of readiness for combat operations on call.
As with other participants in an operation, aviation missions are mapped to a solution and then detailed, supplemented and refined as the operation is planned. At the same time, the symbols applied to aviation on the map should be perceived only as its tasks, and not as an exact line (direction) of strike (mining). Next to the conventional sign, it is indicated who is performing the task, the method and time of its completion.
In addition to the tasks for the troops, within the framework of the decision for the operation, the army commander determines the main issues of interaction and the organization of command and control.
Key interaction issues include, as a rule, the establishment of the main time parameters for coordinating the actions of the troops. In terms of aviation, these may include: the time of redeployment of helicopters and their readiness for combat operations, the time of group aviation strikes against predetermined targets, the time of the introduction of a particular degree of readiness, the required duration of delay by frontal aviation of the second echelons of the enemy, etc.
Organization of management provides for the provision of solid and continuous command and control of troops and, in relation to aviation, may include the following issues: time and location of the control system (as an element of the command post), as well as aviation control points, the procedure for moving them during the operation; organization and mode of operation of aviation control bodies during the preparation and during the operation (timing of activities); measures to ensure the survivability of aviation control points, their protection, defense, protection from precision weapons and electronic suppression of the enemy.
The decision of the commander of the army is drawn up on a map, on which, in the part concerning aviation, the following should be displayed: the basing of the regular, transferred to operational subordination and support aviation (taking into account possible changes in the course of the operation); the boundaries of her reach; tasks performed by the front-line aviation and aviation of the Ground Forces in the interests of the army by the decision of the senior commander; tasks assigned to aviation for an operation by the army commander; location of aviation control points. In addition, the map should show the distribution of the flight resource obtained on the basis of only the general planning of the enemy's fire engagement. Therefore, it is indicated in the general table of distribution of fire resources available to the army commander for the operation.
In the practice of operational training, the educational process of the Land Forces academies, difficulties arise with the name of the decision elements related to one or another means of conducting an army operation. With regard to aviation, the evolution of these names is as follows: the decision to use aviation in the defensive (offensive, counter-offensive) operation of the army; decision on a defensive (offensive, counter-offensive) operation of the army in terms of aviation; decision on a defensive (offensive, counter-offensive) operation of the army on the use of aviation. In our opinion, preference should be given to the third: the first gives the impression that there is a separate solution for the use of aviation; the second is cumbersome and difficult to listen to.
Thus, the components of an army commander's decision on an aviation operation should be considered: the procedure for using aviation in engaging an enemy with fire as an element of design; aviation tasks defined by it in the framework of the solution; elements of the organization of command and control related to aviation.
The foregoing in no way diminishes the importance of such elements of the preparation of an operation as the organization of interaction, all-round support of combat operations (as well as support forces and means). But to upload them to the commander's decision, in our opinion, is premature. Firstly, this is the requirement of the governing documents; secondly, the capabilities of the army commander, who is solely responsible for the decision, are not unlimited, and the quality of this decision, given its recommended volume, will undoubtedly improve.
On the basis of the proposed approach, the content of the decision elements related to other participants in the army operation can be determined, and the decision of the army commander as a whole can be formulated.
In the future, judgments about the army operation fully apply to the corps.
It is not about organizing combat operations of forces and assets (such an approach is quite legitimate there), but about reflecting the issues of their combat use in the decision of the army commander for an operation.
Military thought. - 1993. - No. 6. - S.30-35.
Using the results of artillery fire, the fire of combat vehicles and small arms, destroy the enemy manpower and fire weapons in the stronghold at the height. "Flat" and take possession of it, interacting with tanks 112, 113 and attack neighbors with on foot, complete the destruction of the motorized infantry squad, ATGM, machine gun and tank in the trench, further develop the offensive in the direction of the spruce, the barn.
The battle formation is a chain, having 1 ms in the center, 2 ms on the right, 3 ms on the left flank; the machine-gun compartment can be assigned to the squads, in 2 ms.
MSO with the calculation of a machine gun in interaction with the tank 112 attack on the move on foot destroys the ATGM, then advances in the direction of stones, spruce.
MSO with the calculation of a machine gun attack on the move on foot destroys an infantry group, a machine gun, then advances in the direction of a bush, ruins.
MSO with the calculation of a machine gun in cooperation with the tank 113 with an attack on the move on foot destroys an infantry group and a tank, then advances in the direction of a hillock, a dry tree; go during the attack suppresses a group of infantry and ATGM at a height. "Flat" (direction of fire - stones), then advances in the direction of heights. "Flat", barn.
The platoon in battle formation goes to the line of transition to the attack, dismounts at the line of stones, birch under the cover of artillery and tank fire.
During the attack, 1 MSO destroys a group of infantry and the enemy near the bushes, 2 MSO - a group of infantry and a machine gun, go - ATGM, in the pit area - 2.7, 3 MSO - an infantry group in a trench and a tank on slopes at height. "Flat".
Mine-explosive obstacles of the enemy are overcome along aisle 3 in a column of two. BMP, moving behind the chain of their squads, support them with fire.
Flanking enemy fire weapons are destroyed by flank squad fire and BMP armament. The counterattacking enemy is hit by all means of fire, and then the attack ends with its destruction.
The platoon commander conducts reconnaissance with the commanders of the squads attached to the subunits, and sometimes involves driver mechanics (drivers).
During the reconnaissance, the platoon leader examines the terrain, indicates landmarks and clarifies:
the outline of the enemy's front line of defense and the location of his fire weapons, especially anti-tank weapons, the location and nature of the obstacles, as well as the targets hit by the means of the senior commander;
combat missions of squads and attached fire weapons;
places of passages in obstacles and crossings over obstacles and their designation, places of equipping tanks with Roller minesweepers;
route of advance, lines of deployment, transition to the attack, dismounting and safe removal.
Success in modern combat will always be on the side of the commander who, along with the strict fulfillment of other requirements in organizing the battle, will do everything to conduct a thorough and high-quality reconnaissance. A qualified and timely reconnaissance helps the commander to deeply and objectively assess the current situation, make reasonable decisions, and achieve success with fewer forces. We must be firmly guided by the rule that, if time permits, reconnaissance of the area must be carried out without fail. In cases where there is no time for this, it is necessary to study the area on a large-scale map, not forgetting to pay attention to the year of its publication. If the map is old, then before the attack it is necessary to conduct at least a cursory survey of the area to compare it with the map.
The study and assessment of the terrain during reconnaissance are two organically linked sides of a single process.
The terrain must be assessed not only for oneself, but also for the enemy, in order to foresee possible locations for his observation posts, defensive structures, firing positions, obstacles, as well as probable methods of his actions.
Combat order of the platoon commander to advance nenie
1. The enemy with units of a motorized infantry company occupies
prepared defense with a leading edge along the line of the pit -
1.5 dep. house, bush, hillock, dep. tree, h. from mark. 169.0.
The platoon's stronghold is in the area of dep. house, bend in the road, bush.
His fire weapons were found: dep. house, to the left 30 - a machine gun, at the stones - ATGM, at the height. "Flat" - a tank in a trench, an anti-tank grenade launcher near the hillock.
In front of the front line are anti-tank and anti-personnel minefields.
2. 1 measures from the guards from the border corner of the forest "Kvadratny", ledge le-
sa "Narrow" in interaction with 1 TV 1 tr attack on the move on foot
order destroys the enemy in the strongpoint of the platoon on
h. "Flat" and seizes the border mound, forest "Maly", in
further advances in the direction of the barn, roofing.
1 MSV from the 1st, the pulo in cooperation with 2 MSV and 3 MSV and tanks 112, 113 from the line spruce, a stone, with an attack on the move on foot, destroys an infantry group, a machine gun, an ATGM, a tank in a trench at a strong point at the height. "Flat", further advances in the direction of the spruce, shed, dismounting line - stones, birch.
3. During the period of fire preparation for the attack, artillery and mine
meta suppress enemy manpower and fire resources by
the leading edge and in the nearest depth; direct fire
artillery destroys tanks in the trenches.
On the right comes 2 MSV from the 2nd and, in cooperation with 1 MSV and tank 111 from the line, the corner of the forest "Kvadratny", a spruce, with an attack on the move, on foot destroys an infantry group, a machine gun and a tank in a trench, then advances in the direction of stones, vys. from mark. 105.3.
On the left comes 3 MSV from the 1st and, in conjunction with 1 MSV and tank 114 from the south. slopes height from mark. 169.0, the "Narrow" forest ledge, by an attack on the move on foot destroys an infantry group and a tank in the trench, then advances in the direction of dep. house, high. "Sandy".
4.2 MSO with the calculation of the machine gun in interaction with the tank 112
attack on the move from the line spruce, stone destroy an infantry group
and a machine gun, further advance in the direction of the bush, break
lines.
1-MSO with the calculation of a machine gun attack on the move from the line spruce, stone, destroy ATGM, then advance in the direction of stones, spruce.
3 MSO with the calculation of a machine gun in interaction with the tank 113 attack on the move from the line spruce, a stone to destroy an infantry group, a tank in the trench, then advance in the direction of a hillock, a dry tree.
1st suppress a group of infantry and ATGM at heights. "Flat"; shooting direction - stones, dep. House; the direction of the offensive - high. "Flat", barn.
To the sniper, destroy the control group on the KNP 50 m to the right of the wide bush, open fire on their own, advance on the left flank 1 mso.
An orderly arrow to advance to my left in readiness to provide medical assistance to the wounded.
5. Readiness for the offensive - 1.00 16.9.
6. I'm 1ms away. Deputies - full-time and co-
mandir 1 ms.
After issuing a combat order, the platoon commander organizes interaction with the attached units.
When organizing interaction, the platoon leader must:
Indicate the procedure for advancing to the line of transition to the attack, deploying into battle formation, firing small arms, infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers) and tanks, moving on the attack, making passages in obstacles and obstacles and overcoming them, as well as security measures when applying nuclear blows to the enemy;
When advancing from the position of direct contact with the enemy, indicate the order of taking the starting position for the offensive, passing tanks through the combat formations of their units, and the tank platoon commander - the order of tanks passing through the positions of motorized rifle units and firing when moving to the attack;
Indicate the order of firing at air targets;
Coordinate the actions of the squads (tanks) with each other and with the attached weapons and neighbors;
Report alerts, control signals, interactions and the procedure for action on them.
When attacking on foot, in addition, it indicates the order of dismounting of personnel and actions after that of infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers).
When organizing combat support, the platoon commander indicates the procedure for observation and actions of personnel when the enemy uses nuclear, chemical, incendiary and high-precision weapons in the starting area, when advancing to the line of transition to the attack and during the offensive, as well as the order of engineering equipment of the starting area for the offensive, its camouflage, the order of camouflage during the advance, the place of passage in the enemy's minefield, its designation and the order of overcoming, and when attacking on foot - the order of overcoming minefields along tank tracks.
When organizing control, the platoon commander clarifies (brings up) radio data and the procedure for using radio equipment in the initial area during the advance and with the beginning of the offensive.
At present, the high-precision weapons systems (WTO) developed by the enemy make it possible to deliver an effective strike. For example, one Patriot missile can disable one tank (motorized rifle) company (10-12 armored units).
To defend against the WTO, a set of measures should be applied to maximize the effectiveness of the impact of the WTO and to maintain combat effectiveness. To this end, it is necessary to skillfully use the protective properties of the terrain, to carry out engineering equipment of the location areas, to create false areas, positions, camouflage of weapons and military equipment, to notify and warn in a timely manner about the danger of the use of the WTO by the enemy, to use thermal imitators, to smoke the advance routes. With this in mind, the platoon leader must take dispersal and concealment measures.
Conducting an offensive on the move. At the time set by the company commander or upon receipt of a signal (order) to advance, the platoon leader issues a command to start the movement. The command "Platoon, to the machines. In places ”is given by a set signal or voice. After its completion, the platoon commander commands "Forward", observing the actions of his subordinates. The start of the movement of the lead combat vehicle (armored personnel carrier, tank) should not be abrupt, so that the vehicles following it could gain the required speed and distance before approaching the starting point.
During the advancement, an important role is played by the high discipline of the march, the observance by the crews of the order of movement, speeds, distances and requirements for light and radio camouflage established for the given conditions of the situation. Nobody has the right to violate the established discipline of the march. All radio equipment before the start of the offensive are in the "Reception" mode and are used only to alert personnel about an enemy air attack, about an imminent threat and the beginning of the enemy's use of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons, as well as about radioactive, chemical and biological contamination. All personnel should be aware of the warning signals. The platoon commander determines the order of actions in response to these signals in advance.
When moving along roads in swampy areas, several vehicles, especially tanks, must not be allowed to move along the same track. When overcoming a swampy area along a column path, it is recommended to move evenly, not to tear off the top soil cover, not to abruptly change the engine speed; it is better to increase speed in such an area gradually, without jerking.
Much attention is required when driving at night. In these conditions, it is prohibited to use the headlights in order to avoid unmasking. To illuminate the road with limited light, blackout devices can be used, but not on all cars, but it is advisable on one car from the platoon.
Night vision devices can also be used to view the road at night. However, it must be borne in mind that vehicles with included night vision devices are easily detected by the enemy. Therefore, before overcoming open areas of the terrain, the platoon commander gives a signal to turn off night vision devices. With the approach to the deployment line in company columns, night vision devices and blackout devices are turned off, and in sharp, closed terrain and in inclement weather, they can be turned off closer to the front edge, depending on how the attack will be carried out - with illumination of the terrain and the enemy or not.
If the company commander is assigned a point of deployment to platoon columns, then the platoons, after passing it, independently with the maximum permissible speed, go to their directions. With the approach to the line of transition to the attack, the platoons, at the command of the company commander, deploy into battle formation and, destroying the enemy with fire on the move, continue to move to the front edge of the enemy's defense. A platoon from a column to a combat line is deployed at the command (signal) "Platoon, in the direction of such and such an object (to such and such a line) - to battle" or "Platoon, follow me - to battle". The platoon commander's car continues to move in the indicated direction, the second car moves to the right, the third to the left, and, maintaining alignment with the platoon commander's car, continues to move with an interval of up to 100 m between the vehicles. At the same time, a motorized rifle platoon follows the tanks and destroys enemy fire weapons, primarily anti-tank weapons, preventing the enemy from cutting off the platoon from the tanks.
With the transition of subunits to the attack, the platoon commanders clarify the position of the enemy, and, if necessary, the combat missions of the squads and the procedure for overcoming obstacles.
Combat vehicles equipped with mine trawls cross the enemy's minefield in combat formation in their directions, and combat vehicles (armored personnel carriers) that do not have trawls pass through the aisles in the order established by the commander. The personnel of a motorized rifle platoon, when attacking on foot, overcomes a minefield following the tanks along their tracks or along the passage made.
A motorized rifle platoon overcomes obstacles and obstacles in front of the enemy's front line of defense under the cover of artillery fire, grenade launcher and machine gun (anti-tank machine gun) platoons, as well as with mutual fire support from tanks, infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers) and small arms.
A motorized rifle platoon, when attacking on infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers), breaking through a minefield, following the tanks at a specified time ("H"), rapidly rushes into the front edge of the enemy's defense, destroys its firepower, primarily anti-tank and armored, and, using the results of fire damage, quickly and non-stop advancing into the depths.
When attacking a motorized rifle platoon on foot to dismount the personnel, the platoon commanders give, and the squad leaders duplicate the command "Platoon (squad), prepare to dismount".
Rice. 16. Attack of a motorized rifle platoon on foot
At this command, infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers) catch up with the tanks, the personnel put the weapon on the safety lock, remove it from the loopholes and prepare for dismounting.
When the platoon reaches the dismounting line at the command of the platoon commander, "Platoon, to the cars" the driver mechanics reduce the speed of the vehicles or, using the available cover, make a short stop. Squads, at the command of their commanders "To the car", quickly jump out of the vehicles, and at the command "Squad, on such and such an object - to battle, forward" deploy in a chain and, conducting intense fire on the move, at an accelerated pace or run, continue to move to the front edge. In this case, the platoon leader dismounts and advances behind the platoon chain at a distance of up to 50 m in a place where it is more convenient to observe and control the platoon's actions.
Infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers), as a rule, provide a platoon attack and overcoming mine-explosive obstacles with fire from a place from behind shelters.
The platoon commander carries out fire and movement control of infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers) through his deputy via radio, and personnel - using commands given by voice and signals.
Upon detection of fire weapons (interfering with the advance of the platoon), which must be destroyed by combat vehicles (armored personnel carriers), the platoon commander commands: "Sokol-10, I-Sokol-11, op. 2, 30 to the right, near the ATGM bush on the armored personnel carrier - to destroy, I - Sokol-11, reception. "
If other fire weapons are detected, the platoon commander can voice the firing mission "To the first and third squads on the left at a height, at a separate tree, destroy the machine gun."
With the approach of personnel to minefields at the command of the platoon commander, "Platoon, in the direction of such and such an object, in a column of two (three), directing - the first squad, into the passage, running-march" squads in the established order on the move are rebuilt into the column and rush into the passage. Ahead of the squads, machine gunners are firing on the move.
After overcoming mine-explosive obstacles at the command of the platoon commander "Platoon, in the direction of such and such an object (to such and such a line), directing - such and such a squad - to battle, forward" or "Platoon, follow me - to battle, forward The squads run in the prescribed manner to their directions and deploy in a chain, open fire and continue to approach the enemy. At the command "Platoon, grenades - fire", the personnel throws grenades at the enemy and at the exact time ("H") with a cry "Hurray" after the tanks rushes to the front edge of the defense, destroys the enemy with fire point-blank and continues the attack in the indicated direction without stopping ...
Infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers), having overcome the minefield along the aisles, catch up with their units, occupy shelters and support the squads with fire, moving behind the chain in leaps from cover to cover, and sometimes directly in the chain.
The flamethrowers attached to the platoon, advancing in the battle formation of the platoon, destroy the enemy in trenches, communication trenches and other fortifications.
In the course of the offensive, the platoon commander conducts, observation, clarifies the tasks of the squads and infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers), as well as the fire weapons attached to the destruction (suppression) of the enemy and indicates the targets to the tanks that impede the advancement of personnel.
When organizing an offensive, it is necessary to remember the words of V. I. Lenin: "We must win the first success and go from success to success, without stopping the attack on the enemy, taking advantage of his confusion."
Each battle must be brought to a victorious end, each attack must be developed continuously at a high pace (Fig. 17), and the enemy's defense must be broken through to the full depth — the basic law of an offensive battle.
To stop at this moment, when the front edge of the enemy's defense has been broken through, is to waste time, to give the enemy the opportunity to pull up forces to the threatened direction.
To delay the advance after the destruction of the object of the attack means to lag behind the neighbors, to expose their flanks and to create favorable conditions for the enemy for a counterattack. Any slowdown in the pace of the offensive in the depths of the enemy's defense, not caused by the situation, can lead to the failure of the commander's plan, nullify all the benefits achieved by the platoon with the start of the offensive.
It goes without saying that the continuous development of the attack should not be substituted for indiscriminate advance, in pursuit of the tempo of the offensive for the sake of tempo. Alignment only with the advanced subunits is the law of any offensive battle. Every commander, every soldier must adhere to it.
The stronghold, in which the enemy resists, the platoon bypasses and attacks it to the flank or to the rear. For maneuver, terrain folds, gaps in battle formations or open flanks of the enemy are used, and smoke and aerosols can be used for camouflage. The change in the direction of the front of the battle line of the platoon is made at the command (signal) of the platoon commander "Platoon, to the right (to the left, in a circle), in the direction of such and such an object (to such and such a line) - MARSH".
When changing the direction of movement to the right (left), the platoon commander's vehicle changes the direction of movement to the specified object, the left-flank (right-flank) vehicle with increased speed, and the right-flank (left-flank) vehicle at a reduced speed, observing the intervals, move to a new direction and continue to move in the battle line.
Changing the direction of the offensive of a platoon operating on foot is made on the command (signal) "Platoon, to the right (left, round), in the direction of such and such an object (to such and such a line), directing - such and such a branch - MARSH." The guiding compartment changes direction to the specified object, the remaining compartments move to a new direction and continue to move, maintaining alignment with the guiding compartment.
If necessary, a change in the direction of attack is made on the command (signal) "Attention, do what I do". In this case, the platoon commander indicates the new direction of movement of the platoon by the movement of his car, and when operating on foot, by a set signal.
 |
If it is impossible to bypass the enemy strongpoint, the platoon leader concentrates the platoon's fire on targets that prevent
Rice. 17. Attack of a motorized rifle platoon in the depth of the defense
advance, and a decisive attack from the front completes its destruction. As the enemy's resistance weakened, a motorized rifle platoon, advancing on foot, at the command (signal) of the senior commander, lands in the vehicles. For this, infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers), at the command of the platoon commander, catch up with their squads, slow down or make a short stop. The personnel, at the command of the squad commanders "To the car", run at a run to their infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers), put their weapons on the safety lock, then, at the command "To places", quickly land and are made for firing on the move. Gunner-operators of infantry fighting vehicles (gunners of machine guns of armored personnel carriers), during the landing of personnel, observe the enemy and destroy the detected targets. Acting on infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers), and sometimes landing on tanks, the platoon continues to carry out the task.
 |
Combat in the depths of enemy defenses is characterized by uneven advancement of subunits and develops in a complex and rapidly changing environment. The platoon commander immediately uses the successful advancement of at least one squad or neighbors to develop success. “... Often, success is built up completely unexpectedly for an attacker in the wrong direction where he intended to achieve it in the first place,” he emphasized
Rice. 18. Pursuit of the enemy with a landing on a tank
Marshal of the Soviet Union M. N. Tukhachevsky. - Wherever success is found, it must be developed with all available forces and means. You can take an accidental and perhaps little-proven success, which has a purely local significance, for one that may require a specific change in the original plan. This change is the result of insufficient restraint on the part of the senior commander, in fact, it can lead to the disruption of the entire offensive. "
Having discovered the means of nuclear, chemical attack, artillery positions, the platoon, skillfully using hidden approaches, quickly goes to these means, with a decisive attack destroys the enemy's manpower and incapacitates installations (guns, mortars).
Obstacles and obstacles encountered in the depths of the enemy's defense, the platoon bypasses or overcomes along the made passage. Making a passage by an engineer-sapper unit is covered by platoon fire.
Actions in the zone of radioactive contamination place increased demands on the psychological hardening of soldiers. Radiation is a danger without sound, color and smell. This creates the prerequisites for an incorrect assessment of the danger, its exaggeration. In addition, when performing a combat mission in personal protective equipment, soldiers feel an increase in the load, while breathing, observation, movement becomes difficult, and the effectiveness of fire decreases. Therefore, a soldier, acting in contaminated areas, should not allow fussiness, careless movements, unnecessarily touching foreign objects, and also eat, quench his thirst without the special permission of the platoon commander. You should also avoid moving on tall grass, bushes, if possible, do not raise dust, remember that radioactive substances can get into the body.
Special treatment of the platoon consists in degassing, decontamination and disinfection of weapons, military and other equipment, ammunition and other material resources when they are contaminated with poisonous, radioactive substances and bacterial (biological) agents, and, if necessary, in the sanitary treatment of personnel. It can be partial or complete. Partial special processing is carried out, as a rule, without interrupting the performance of the combat mission, and full processing after its completion.
In hard-to-reach areas of terrain, a motorized rifle platoon, when advancing on foot, overtakes tanks and advances under the cover of their fire and the fire of infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers). As these sectors are overcome, the tanks again come forward, and the platoon continues to advance behind them.
During the offensive, special attention is paid to the readiness of the platoon to repel enemy counterattacks.
When repelling enemy counterattacks, it is important to skillfully choose a method of repelling it, depending on the composition and direction of enemy actions, the position of the platoon and the nature of the terrain. When repelling counterattacks, it is necessary to cut off the infantry from the tanks and subsequently destroy it in parts. First of all, it is necessary to destroy tanks and infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers). Their defeat will reduce the offensive impulse of the subsequent ones. It must be borne in mind that counterattack is an important manifestation of defensive activity. Therefore, the refusal of the enemy to continue the counterattack, the halt, or the withdrawal of his subunits mean the loss of initiative and are a favorable moment for the immediate transition to the offensive of subunits reflecting the enemy counterattack.
The platoon destroys the counterattacking enemy in cooperation with other subunits with a swift attack or, at the direction of the company commander, first strikes the enemy with fire from an advantageous line. At the same time, tanks and infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers) take up firing positions behind the nearest shelters, and the personnel of a motorized rifle platoon dismount and take advantageous positions, as a rule, in front of them. The platoon then completes its destruction with an attack.
A platoon that has not undergone a counterattack accelerates its advance in order to reach the flank and rear of the counterattacking enemy.
Having detected the enemy's withdrawal, the platoon leader reports this to the company commander and immediately proceeds to pursuit, preventing the enemy from breaking away and gaining a foothold on an advantageous line.
When pursuing, the platoon, skillfully using terrain folds and other camouflaging properties, on infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers) or landing on tanks along parallel routes enters the enemy's retreat path, fetters his actions and defeats him with a decisive attack and moves non-stop in the indicated direction.
The motorized rifle platoon, which constitutes the battalion's reserve, moves behind the advancing subunits at a distance indicated by the battalion commander, in readiness to develop the offensive, to destroy the enemy remaining v to the rear of the advancing units, or to perform other tasks.
Having received the task of entering the battle, the commander of a motorized rifle platoon sets tasks for the squads on the move, while he indicates the location of the enemy and the location of his fire weapons, the line of entry into battle, the target of attack and the direction of the further offensive. The platoon, when approaching the indicated line, is deployed into battle formation and swiftly attacks the enemy.
When approaching from a position of direct contact with the enemy, the motorized rifle platoon at the indicated time secretly moves forward and takes the starting position for the offensive. The personnel of a motorized rifle platoon is usually located in a trench, and infantry fighting vehicles you(armored personnel carriers) occupy firing positions next to their squads or behind them at a distance of up to 50 m. The platoon is in constant readiness to repel a possible enemy attack.
At the set time, at the command (signal) of the senior commander, the tank platoon, occupying a wait-and-see position, begins to advance to the line of transition to the attack. With the approach to this line, it is deployed into a battle line and continues to move with the maximum permissible speed, destroying the enemy with fire on the move.
With the approach of the tanks to the starting position, the commander of the motorized rifle platoon gives a signal (command) to designate passageways for tanks through our forward edge.
When attacking on infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers), the personnel of a motorized rifle platoon are landing in them during the fire preparation of the attack v starting position for the offensive. Infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers), at the command (signal) of the platoon commander, leave the trenches, covertly approach their squads, using the folds of the terrain, and make a stop. The personnel at the command of the platoon commander "Platoon, to the machines", "To the places" quickly land in the vehicles and are made for firing on the move.
The motorized rifle platoon, with the tanks reaching their initial position, following the tanks, goes into the attack.
When attacking on foot with the tanks approaching the starting position for the offensive, the platoon commander gives the command "Prepare to attack." At this command, the weapon is reloaded, bayonets-knives are attached to the machine guns, the fuses are screwed into the grenades. After the tanks pass the initial position, the platoon commander gives the command "Platoon, attack - forward", along which the personnel jump out of the trench (trench) and at a quick pace or run after the tanks attack the enemy.
Overcoming obstacles, attacking the front edge of the enemy's defenses and developing the offensive in the depths of the motorized rifle platoon is carried out in the same order as in the attack on the move.
3.TANK PLATFORM IN THE OFFensive
A tank platoon can advance together with a motorized rifle company or as part of a tank company. The battle formation of a tank platoon consists of a battle line of tanks with intervals of up to 100 m between them and reinforcement equipment operating in or behind the battle line.
The front of the offensive of a tank platoon depends on its role in solving the company's combat mission, place in a battle formation, combat capabilities, enemy resistance forces and terrain conditions.
When attacking with the use of nuclear weapons or in another direction with the use of conventional weapons only, 2x
Rice. 19. The offensive of a tank platoon as part of a company
and greater superiority over the enemy, therefore, in these conditions, the platoon is able to successfully advance on the defense front up to two motorized infantry squads, which will be 300 m.
The offensive of tanks with an interval of up to 100 m ensures the destruction of the enemy by fire, the convenience of observation and control of the platoon's fire, as well as the safety of firing in the intervals between the tanks by the advancing combat vehicles. At the same time, they get the opportunity to maneuver on the battlefield during an attack.
A tank platoon advancing in conjunction with a motorized rifle company attacks a supported company (platoon) on the front.
The tank platoon leader controls the platoon by radio, voice commands and signals.
The commander of a tank platoon is in the platoon's battle formation in a place from which the best observation of the enemy, the actions of his subordinates, neighbors and terrain, as well as continuous control of the platoon is ensured.
Before the start of the offensive on the move, the tank platoon is covertly located in the starting area as part of the company.
The advance of a tank platoon from a position of direct contact with the enemy, occupying a wait-and-see position, begins by advancing to the line of transition to the attack at the command (signal) of the senior commander. With the approach to this line, it is deployed into a battle line and continues to move at the maximum permissible speed, destroying the enemy with fire on the move (Fig. 20).
If a tank platoon is on the defensive, then it goes over to the offensive from a defensive position.
Before starting to move out of the initial area, the platoon leader checks the readiness of the platoon for the offensive. At the same time, he pays special attention to checking weapons, communications equipment, providing ammunition and refueling.
In conditions when the enemy has created a support zone in front of the front edge of the defense, the advancing tank platoon will be forced to destroy covering units in it and bypass various obstacles or overcome them along the passage made.
Rice. 20. Deployment of a tank platoon in battle formation
When advancing on the move, a tank platoon may be shown the area where Roller trawls are to be attached. He is assigned in the area of the deployment line in company columns. Knife trawls (KMT-6) are hung in the starting area for the offensive.
Sometimes, with an insufficient amount of artillery to destroy anti-tank and armored targets at the front edge of the enemy's defense, a tank platoon may be involved for direct fire at the rate of 2-3 tanks per target. To carry out these tasks, as a rule, tanks from the second echelon (reserve) are involved. They occupy prepared firing positions covertly on the night before the offensive, and when this is impossible, at the beginning of fire preparation.
Tanks allocated for direct fire from the second echelon (reserve), when approaching the line of attacking subunits occupied by them, continue to destroy enemy fire weapons and manpower, and tanks from the attacking subunits of the first echelon, attracted for direct fire, continuing to fire , go on the attack with them.
The removal of tanks advancing in front of motorized rifle subunits depends on the method of attack of these subunits and must ensure the safety of motorized rifle subunits from bursts of their artillery shells and the destruction of enemy melee anti-tank weapons by motorized riflemen with small arms fire. The optimal distance can be 100-200 m. The distance ensures safety from explosions of its shells and mutual support of the fire of tanks, infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers) and small arms.
Fire on the move is the main method of firing during an attack and counterattack. In this case, firing from tanks is carried out at the possible permissible speed. Crews, using terrain conditions, approach the target at a range of actual fire and destroy it.
Fire from short stops is carried out on the offensive, when the fire on the move is ineffective. In this case, the preparation of shooting is carried out on the move. The target is hit from one or more stops. At each short stop, one cannon shot and 1-2 machine gun bursts are fired. The movement of the tank between short stops is carried out at the highest possible speed. The duration of a short stop is determined by the time required to clarify the pickup and make
The initial data for starting work on making a decision are:
1) the task facing the troops;
2) instructions from the senior commander (if any);
3) the conditions of the situation known to the commander at the beginning of the decision-making and related to the task being performed;
4) availability of time to make a decision and prepare for the task;
5) personal qualities of the commander and subordinate officers of command and control bodies (first of all, the headquarters).
With this data, the commander proceeds to the first stage work - understanding the task
1 ... Understanding the task is understood the commander's thinking process aimed at deep comprehension of the senior commander's intention, at studying his task, the tasks of neighbors and establishing the role and place that his subordinates occupy in the performance of this task.
All this allows the commander to clearly imagine the general goal of the actions of the troops, the forces outlined by the senior commander, the means, methods and timing of its achievement, to understand the requirements for the actions of their
troops and neighbors, to their interaction.
The commander can clarify the task personally or with the involvement of the chief of staff and deputies, chiefs of services.
2.The second stage in the activities of the commander and staff when making a decision is assessment of the situation.
Let's consider this stage in detail.
Situation assessment is understood as the work of the commander and officers of the control body, which consists in knowing the objective conditions for the fulfillment of the task and identifying the factors that facilitate or hinder its implementation, and on the basis of this, the final decision on the task.
At this stage of the work, the commander must assess:
an object, object or process to which the actions of the troops are directed, arising from the content of the task;
the state and capabilities of their units;
other conditions for completing the task: terrain, its physical and geographical characteristics; radiation, chemical and biological conditions, weather conditions; time of year and day, etc.
When assessing the target, their troops and neighbors, the and the provisions, composition, conditions, security, nature and motives of actions, opportunities and other information that can affect the performance of the task are determined.
When assessing the conditions for the execution of the task, the and the degree of their influence on the performance of the task, the forecast of development is determined, how and to whom they contribute to the performance of the task or hinder its implementation, how to take measures that reduce the degree of negative influence of conditions, etc.
The assessment of each element of the situation ends with the correspondinggeneralized conclusions to the elements of the solution:
1. Reasonable design and alternative options for completing the task;
2. Tasks to subordinates;
3. The order of interaction when performing a task;
4. The main measures for the support of troops and the organization of control.
3. The third stage - the final operation, the act of thinking of the commander in understanding the task and assessing the situation is the final choice on expected results the best option for completing the task and formulating the solution. It is at this moment that not only the mind, but also the will of the commander is of great importance.
The worst decision is not to decide on anything, which means to do nothing. Having chosen the best option, the commander announces his decision to his subordinates.
This method of work of the commander in practice is called deciding on the elements of the situation.
Another way of thinking for a commander is his decision on the elements of the decision. There is no fundamental difference between these techniques, since they are based on the same methodological base: understanding the task and assessing the situation .
The only difference is in the commander's thinking. In the second case, the commander takes an element of the solution and, from his requirements, understands the task and assesses the situation, and so on for all elements of the solution. Deciding on its elements is intended mainly for educational purposes, as it is very time-consuming.
For the timely adoption of an informed decision on the implementation of the task, it is important the ability of the commander to use various methods... These methods make up two large groups, providing qualitative and quantitative reasoning for decisions .
The first group of methods includes logical methods of thinking (analysis, generalization, analogy, deduction ……).
To the second group of methods include mathematical methods used for the production of various calculations, mathematical and graphic-analytical modeling of the forthcoming actions of the troops.
It should be borne in mind that the more accurate the combination of those and other methods, the more justified the decision.
The above procedure for the commander's work in assessing the situation indicates that the commander a large amount of work needs to be done, usually in a limited time. Therefore, he uses the help of command officers.
For the work to be successful , required rational organization of joint work of the commander and subordinate officers, which at the stage of assessing the situation is carried out as follows.
The way of working when making a decision (sequential):
1) the commander evaluates the situation by one of the methods (according to the elements of the situation or elements of the solution);
2) deputy commanders, chiefs of services and staff officers prepare for the commander by the deadline in the prescribed form the necessary data, calculations and proposals for the fulfillment of the task in the part concerning them;
3) the chief of staff supervises the work of the command officers and prepares for the commander generalized conclusions from the assessment of the situation and proposals for a solution;
4) the commander, if possible and necessary, hears the conclusions and proposals of the chief of staff, other persons on issues of interest to him;
5) the commander chooses the optimal variant of the task and finally formulates the solution;
6) staff officers draw up a decision;
7) report of the decision to the senior commander (if necessary);
8) the commander's announcement of his decision to his deputies and officers involved in further work on planning troop actions and organizing the implementation of the decision, which begins with communicating it to his subordinates.
After that, the same decision-making work is carried out by the lower level of management.
Concluding the consideration of the work of the commander and officers of command and control bodies in making a decision, it should be emphasized that the commander is obliged, whenever possible, to use the slightest opportunity to exchange views on the procedure for performing the task (by decision) with his closest assistants and other specialist officers, i.e. .e. rely on collective intelligence.
But when a decision is made, then all responsibility for the consequences of its implementation or non-implementation falls on the one-man commander , as well as specific performers responsible for certain issues.
Above we have considered the classic or consistent way of work of the commander and staff when making a decision- this is when the work on making a decision at the lower level of command begins after it is made by the senior commander and communicated to the subordinates.
In the practice of troops with an acute shortage of time, it is used and another way of working when making a decision is parallel. It differs from the one considered in that the decision-making by the subordinate commander and the control body does not begin after its final formulation and execution by the senior commander, but after he defines the concept of the task as the main element of the decision, and communicates it to the subordinates by issuing special preliminary orders. The decision taken by the commander, as a rule, is drawn up by the headquarters in the form of a specific document. It can be a plan, order, order, order, instruction, instruction with an explanatory note, etc. It depends on the nature of the task and the conditions of the situation.
Under the organization of the implementation of the decision it is necessary to understand the activities of the commander, headquarters to create conditions for its effective and high-quality implementation. This activity includes: planning the execution of tasks, setting tasks for performers, ensuring the execution of work.
Planning and organization of the implementation of the decision.
3.1 Concrete and real planning is the most important condition for the rhythmic work of the team .
The main planning role belongs to the chief of staff It sets the scope, deadlines and performers of work, determines in what form to reflect the results of planning, what documents and by what date to develop, coordinates and directs the work of all management bodies. At the same time, he pays special attention to the timely delivery to the executors of the data required by subordinate commanders and staffs.
Planning for solution implementation includes:
1) definition of works and activities;
2) determination of the timing of work and activities;
3) selection and placement of performers;
4) execution of the plan.
After the definition of the work, measures are determined, the implementation of which will ensure the timeliness and quality of the work.
Selection of performers must be carried out in each individual case, based on the availability of time, the content and volume of issues to be resolved, as well as the personal preparedness of the officer and his specialization.
When selecting performers - managers, it is necessary to use the requirements:
- high competence in the issues, the decisions of which they lead;
- eligibility, that is, the endowment of the necessary rights, which the manager transfers to the persons exercising on his behalf the management of the implementation of the decision;
- the ability to exercise control.
When selecting the direct performers of work, it is necessary to be guided by the following basic principles:
Correspondence of the place of concentration of resources, information and performer;
- compliance of the nature of the work with the qualifications of the performers;
- the correspondence of the available means of stimulating the personality of the performer.
After determining the works, activities, deadlines and performers, it is necessary to issue plan.
It is advisable to draw up the developed plan in the form of a schedule., which allows you to control the progress of work in time and contains information about the responsible executors.
In the case of making complex, multipurpose management decisions, it is advisable to draw up organizational plan for the implementation of the decision.
Generally the organizational plan must be flexible: each time interval must correspond to a special grouping of forces and means so that at the decisive time and at the decisive point the main forces can be concentrated. After developing a plan for implementing the decision and determining the composition and functions of the executors, the decision must be communicated to them.
3.2 Bringing decisions to the performers is carried out by setting tasks.
Before considering how to set tasks, let's consider their general structure and content.
Any task can be divided into three components:
Motivational;
- binding.
· Clarification of the received task;
· Assessment of the situation;
· decision-making;
· Conducting reconnaissance;
· Return of a combat order;
· Organization of interaction, combat support and control;
· Organization of training of personnel, weapons and equipment for battle;
· Checking the readiness of the platoon to perform a combat mission;
· Report to the company commander on the readiness of the platoon to carry out a combat mission.
Understanding the task received, the platoon leader must:
· Understand the task of the company and the platoon;
What objects (targets) in the direction of the platoon's actions are hit by means of senior commanders;
· Tasks of neighboring units and the order of interaction with them;
· The time of readiness to complete the task.
Based on the understanding of the mission, the platoon leader usually determines:
· The place and role of the platoon in the task performed by the company; what objects (targets) need to be hit by platoon weapons;
· At what stage of the battle and with which of the neighboring units it is necessary to maintain the closest interaction;
· How to build a battle formation;
· How much time is available for organizing the battle, and how best to distribute it.
When assessing the situation, the platoon leader examines:
· The composition, position and possible nature of the enemy's actions, the location of his fire weapons;
· Condition, security and capabilities of the platoon, attached subdivisions;
· Composition, position, nature of actions of neighbors and conditions of interaction with them;
The nature of the terrain, its protective and masking properties, advantageous approaches, barriers and obstacles, conditions for observation and firing;
· Season, day and weather conditions.
As a result of the assessment of the situation, the platoon leader determines:
What strength the enemy is expected to face in front of the platoon's front of action, its strengths and weaknesses, the possible balance of forces and means;
· Order of battle of a platoon, combat missions to squads (tanks), distribution of forces and means;
· At what stage of the battle and with which of the neighbors to maintain the closest interaction;
· The order of camouflage and use of the protective properties of the terrain.
Clarification of the task received and assessment of the situation are stages of the platoon commander's thought process for making a decision. The result of this process is the choice of the most appropriate solution for the battle. In the decision, the platoon leader usually determines:
Methods of accomplishing the task received (which enemy, where and by what means to defeat; the measures used to deceive him);
· Tasks for squads (tanks) attached to subunits and fire weapons;
· Organization of management.
When determining the way of accomplishing the task received, the platoon commander must take into account that he expresses the main idea of the solution, being, as it were, his plan for battle. Therefore, it should reflect the sequence of destruction of the enemy, the procedure for engaging him with regular and attached means of fire, and the formation of a battle formation.
Combat missions for squads (tanks) are determined strictly in accordance with the order in which the task assigned to the platoon is performed. So, in defense, the task of a detachment is to firmly hold the specified position and prevent enemy tanks and infantry from breaking through it into the depths. In an offensive, the combat mission of a squad is to destroy the enemy's manpower and fire weapons in the direction of his offensive.
Determining the organization of control, the platoon commander outlines the procedure for using radio and signal communications, the procedure for warning signals, control and interaction; place of its KNP. An important stage in the work of a platoon commander is reconnaissance, which is carried out in order to clarify the decision made on the ground. Not only squad (tank) commanders can be involved in it, but in some cases also driver mechanics (drivers).
When conducting reconnaissance, the platoon commander on the ground indicates the landmarks, the position of the enemy (the direction of his actions, the location of his fire weapons), clarifies the tasks of the squads (tanks) and indicates the locations of the positions of the squads, firing positions of infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers, tanks and other fire weapons ( places of dismounting of motorized rifle subunits, route of advance, etc.).
The adoption by the platoon commander of an expedient decision to engage in battle by itself does not yet ensure the successful fulfillment of the combat mission received. The decision becomes the basis for the management of squads (tanks) and the law for subordinates only when each of them receives a specific combat mission. Therefore, timely communication to the performers of combat missions is one of the most important duties of the platoon commander.
When organizing a battle, combat missions are communicated to subordinates, as a rule, in the form of a combat order. The platoon commander should state it concisely, clearly and so that subordinates clearly understand their task.
In a combat order, the platoon leader indicates:
· Landmarks;
· The composition, position and nature of the enemy's actions, the location of his fire weapons;
· The task of the company and platoon;
· Objects and targets in the direction of the platoon's actions, hit by means of senior commanders, as well as the tasks of neighbors;
· Combat missions to squads (tanks) attached to subunits and fire weapons, and the commander of a motorized rifle platoon, in addition, to a sniper and a gunner-orderly and others;
· The time of readiness to complete the task;
· Their place and deputy.
After setting the combat missions, the platoon commander gives instructions on interaction, which are the concretization of the interaction procedure determined by him in the decision .. At the same time, he must coordinate the efforts of the regular and assigned fire resources for the successful completion of the task, achieve a correct and uniform understanding by all squad (tank) commanders combat missions and methods of its execution, as well as indicate signals of warning, control, interaction and the procedure for actions on them.
Along with instructions for interaction, the platoon leader organizes combat support. Depending on the current situation and the nature of the upcoming battle, the platoon commander gives instructions on the implementation of the necessary measures for combat support, and above all on the organization of reconnaissance, protection against weapons of mass destruction, incendiary weapons and precision weapons, engineering equipment of positions, camouflage and security. The organization of combat support is carried out in the form of issuing individual instructions as needed.
When organizing control, the platoon commander clarifies (communicates) to the squad (tank) commanders radio data and the procedure for using radio and signal communications. When a motorized rifle platoon operates on foot, as well as in cases where work at radio stations is prohibited, the platoon commander must provide for a control option using communications and signals.
Unit management in battle is based on the commander's firm belief that subordinates are capable of successfully completing the assigned task. Such confidence comes from the level of training, initiative and creativity of each soldier, sergeant individually and their high personal responsibility for the fulfillment of a combat mission.
Trusting his subordinates, the platoon commander, at the same time, possessing great knowledge and experience, constantly monitors the progress of the preparation of units for battle and, if necessary, must provide them with assistance at any time. The purpose of control on the part of the platoon commander is reduced to checking the readiness of subordinates for battle while simultaneously providing them with practical assistance. As a rule, the platoon commander exercises control by listening to reports from subordinates, as well as by checking the progress of preparatory measures for battle. At the same time, he draws attention to the technical condition of infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers, tanks), refueling them with fuel, lubricants and replenishing ammunition, preparing weapons for firing and bringing ammunition into a fully equipped form, knowledge by subordinates of their combat missions, and also warning signals, management, interaction and the order of actions on them.
The platoon commander reports to the company commander about the readiness for battle at the appointed time.
24. Points of the combat order of the platoon commander for the organization of the battle.
Statement of combat missions subordinate and supporting subunits (fire weapons, personnel) are carried out by issuing combat orders and instructions on the types of all-round support by the commander personally, verbally and by technical means of communication. As a rule, the setting of tasks is carried out on the ground.
In a battle order platoon (squad, tank) commander indicates:
in the first paragraph - landmarks;
in the second paragraph - brief conclusions from the assessment of the enemy;
in the third paragraph - the combat strength, the tasks of the senior commander and the platoon (squad, tank) with the specification of the number of missiles and ammunition allocated for the battle;
in the fourth paragraph - tasks performed in the interests of the unit by the forces and means of the senior chief;
in the fifth paragraph - the tasks of neighbors and interacting units;
in the sixth paragraph after the word "I order"- combat missions to elements of the battle order (subunits, fire weapons, personnel), specifying their combat composition;
in the seventh paragraph - the deadlines for the implementation of measures to prepare for battle (implementation
received task) and time of readiness;
in the eighth paragraph - his place and deputy.
