Plinth for a house a brick plinth device. Basement height from the ground according to standards Low basement of the house what to do

The construction of the foundation is not limited to laying its underground part. Above the surface of the earth, to a height of 50-70 cm, the upper part of the foundation - the basement - is built up.

The basement is the upper part of the foundation protruding above the level vertical layout (Fig. 1.)

Rice. 1. Plinths: 1 - wall structure; 2 - brick base; 3 - waterproofing from two layers of roofing roofing or lining roofing material; 4 - the second waterproofing on the foundation or in the body of the base; five - ceramic tile on the cement-sand mortar; 6 - otmoska; 7 - facing frieze stone; 8 - mesh 150 x 150 x 4 cm, tied to the outlets of the reinforcement; nine - facing tiles from natural stone; 10 - hard cement mortar; 11 - outlets of fittings embedded in masonry; 12 - concrete pad; 13 - foundation concrete blocks; 14 - foundation (from prefabricated blocks, rubble masonry, rubble, etc.); fifteen - facing brick; 16 - plaster; 17 - reinforcing mesh; 18 - air duct; 19 - insulation

The plinth is not only a support for the walls, but takes on the function of protection from natural influences: in winter it is covered with snow, in spring it is eaten away by melt water, in summer and autumn it rains. Therefore, the strength and resistance of the base to unfavorable natural conditions must be its mandatory characteristics. Structurally, the basement practically does not differ from the foundation, but its appearance should correspond to the general architectural solution of the house. To do this, the outer part of the basement is plastered, revetted with natural or artificial stone or tiles. In the simplest finish, the base is overwritten cement mortar and paint. The upper part of the plinth must be strictly horizontal.
The height of the basement can be different depending on the relief of the site. But in any case, the height of the basement should not be less than 50 cm above the level of the layout. A house with a low plinth seems to be squat and loses in architectural terms.

Plinths are made of solid brick frost resistance grades 50 Mrz by solid masonry or from concrete foundation blocks .

Waterproofing the basement of the house

Two waterproofing materials are placed on the plinth, each of two layers of roofing material on bitumen mastic. The first waterproofing is arranged at a height of 20 cm from the level of the blind area, the second - along the top of the basement. The purpose of waterproofing is to cut off the migration of moisture into the walls due to capillary suction of water from the ground and wetting the walls from melting snow and rain splashes (Fig. 1.). Previously, one waterproofing was arranged at the level of the top of the basement. Such waterproofing cut off the water inflow into the walls, but the basement itself was in a damp state. As a result, the moisture accumulating in the capillaries of the base material increased in volume during winter freezing and tore the capillaries.
The process repeated from year to year destroyed the material of the basements of houses. Therefore, they began to use double waterproofing of the basement. To protect the basement from atmospheric moisture, they are faced with bricks, natural stone slabs or ceramic tiles.

Basement construction. Zabirka

The most successful constructive decision the basement is rubble masonry with simultaneous facing with bricks.
The basement superstructure above the strip foundation is made the same width as the foundation itself. Plinth columnar foundation(it is called a zabirka or a fence wall) it is never thick: if it is brick, then the masonry is carried out in a brick or half-brick; if rubble, then no more than 30 cm wide. If at the construction site the soil is rocky, sandy or gravel, then the pick-ups are laid from the ground level; if the soil is clay, then bury the pick-ups into the ground by 20-30 cm, and under them make a sand cushion with a thickness of another 20-30 cm. Level the upper plane of the basement (as well as the upper plane of the foundation) using a building level.
And one more thing that you should not forget about when building a basement - natural ventilation enclosed space, bounded by basement walls, floor and ground. For free air circulation in this space in the basement on each side of the house at a height of 15-20 cm from the ground, ventilation windows (air vents) with a size of approximately 15 x 15 cm should be left.To protect the underground space from rodents, the air vents must be covered with gratings, and for the winter they worth clogging with wooden plugs.

Brick masonry

When erecting foundations, the basement is laid out of red full-bodied clay brick of grade no lower than 75 or facing brick with jointing. For brickwork you can use a solution of the composition 1: 0.3: 4 (cement: lime or clay: sand, by volume) - for foundations in low-moisture and moist soils; composition 1: 0: 3 - for foundations located in water-saturated soils.
Brickwork is performed in horizontal rows, laying the brick flat (on the bed). Each brick in the upper row should lie between two or more bricks in the lower row, closing their joints. The order in which the bricks are laid relative to each other while ensuring that their joints overlap is called ligation. The simplest is single-row, or chain dressing, when rows of bricks across the wall (butt) alternate with rows along the wall (false). In this case, the transverse seams in adjacent rows are shifted by a quarter of a brick, and longitudinal - by a half-brick (Fig. 2).

Mortar joints between bricks should be within 10-15 mm. The thickness of horizontal joints in brickwork should be 12 mm, vertical joints 10 mm.
When plastering walls, the basement of the foundation, the joints should not be filled with mortar to a depth of 10-15 mm for better adhesion of the mortar to the surface when plastering it.
In order for the masonry to be of high quality, in the corners of the foundation to in advance installed pillars from logs with a diameter of 10-12 cm, wooden slats are attached, marked in height after 77 mm (brick thickness 65 mm plus a seam thickness of 12 mm). The top of the first row is fixed with a mooring cord. The horizontal line of the row is checked along the cord. As the rows are laid, the cord must be moved up. (Fig. 3.)

If this technology of laying the basement turns out to be still difficult to execute, then instead of a mooring cord, formwork panels can be used, or edged boards... They are supported on laths and intermediate bars driven into the ground. Lines are drawn on the board, defining the top of the stacked row of bricks.

The laying starts from the corner and gradually moves to the left of the laid part of the plinth row. The trowel for applying the solution must be in right hand... With the left hand, remove the brick from the pile and place it on the mortar. Part of the mortar is pushed onto the side edge or end of the previously laid brick with a trowel, then the brick is pressed with the left hand, with light blows from the trowel handle, press it in so that the upper edge coincides with the horizontal line drawn on the board, or is in line with the mooring cord. When laying outer versts, the mooring cord is pulled for each row at the level of the top of the stacked row with an indent from the vertical plane by 3-4 mm. Usually, a mooring cord is tied to nails fixed in the seams of the masonry. To check the horizontality and verticality of the masonry, apply building level length 500-700 mm.

To control the quality of the masonry, after fixing the orders, beacons are laid out on them in the form of a escape line, or intermediate orders are installed (every 3 - 4 m). Part of the mortar into which the brick is pressed sometimes protrudes beyond the plane of the base of the foundation. It must be immediately removed with a trowel, put back in the box (bucket) and mixed with the solution located there.
Plinth for log cabins, paving stones and frame walls usually performed in one or 1 1/2 bricks (i.e. 250 and 380 mm wide).

Often in private houses, a basement is created. It is first or ground floor... Although, in fact, it is basement... Work on it must be carried out in strict accordance with certain criteria. There are specific criteria under the law (from 2.5 to 3 meters)... They touch the height of this space.

There are also taxes on the area built for living. This question is of interest to everyone who is planning their home.

The disadvantages of a basement room are enormous costs, from digging holes to wiring the electrics. The estimated cost is calculated after geological and engineering studies: the type of soil, level groundwater... There are situations when these factors categorically do not allow creating ground floor- its construction and maintenance will be unreasonably expensive.

Basement tasks

Basements in private buildings need good drainage, powerful and warm... Just forming a continuation of the foundation is not enough. By neglecting the rules of waterproofing and using poor quality materials in your work, you seriously increase the risk of drowning.

Important! Works should be carried out only by highly qualified specialists.

Usually the windows in the plinths are not suitable, it is almost impossible. Exceptions are shown in the photo below. But even if there are windows, full-fledged natural light is not obtained here. Therefore, such premises are not considered as residential ones. Here, as a rule, they organize: sports facilities, domestic cinemas, saunas, etc. The issue of ventilation in the basement is especially relevant when a gym is being built. It is necessary to carry out pressure sewerage here if saunas and showers are being created.

Usually, a plan for creating a basement appears when it is impossible to create all the conceived premises in the house or their area is small for some master's ideas. Also, the need for a plinth is determined, when the site has a slope with a significant difference in height... But with proper construction, you can achieve good savings and develop the pace of work.

How to arrange it? First of all, chase the number of residential square meters useless. It is better to choose rooms that are small in size (as a result, there can be up to 3 floors). But there should be ideas about the purpose of the base. What is going to be there? A playroom, a warehouse-cellar, a recreation room or a place for other undertakings? Let's say to build a pantry or a shed separately, or attach it to the house, much cheaper... The basement or basement will certainly be heated, not every year, but still, most basement owners are forced to take measures against increased dampness.

To correct a local natural disaster at the very bottom of the pit, it is advisable to look at this material:

Types of plinths

1. Recessed. This is the most common type. It has a very strong moisture resistance. Water quickly leaves such a base.
2. Speaker. He is usually satisfied when wall structures the houses are pretty thin.
3. Flush with the foundation. Not the most rational option, because it has a weak resistance to moisture and at the same time it becomes the beginning of the wall. We have to seriously strengthen the waterproofing, and this is an additional expense. Also, with this option, it is impossible to improve the appearance of the building in any way.

Plinth materials

The plinth continues the foundation. And the material for it is similar. Rarely can you apply the materials that went to create wall structures.

The most popular base / plinth material options:

1. Already created blocks.
2. Bricks.
3. Monolithic concrete.

Whichever option you prefer, work always starts from calculations. It is especially necessary to calculate wall thickness. Concrete screeds and the slabs usually form the floor. The base can be created from already formed reinforced concrete slabs. Wood materials are used for cladding.

If the basement is much higher than the ground level, then there, in the upper part, whole windows and doors are made. They shouldn't face north. This can cause the frames to deform due to substantial accumulations of snow.

The initial stage of cladding is to create stairs in the basement... Most often, the following options are created:

1. Classical march... It is arranged only if the area is sufficient for this.
2. Screw... Created when the conditions of the basement do not allow the first option to be arranged.

Waterproofing

For the base, you need to do double-sided waterproofing... It is not necessary to isolate the components that are concentrated above ground level.

The most powerful protection is arranged only if the base is based on a concrete monolith. Again, the work must be carried out very efficiently, otherwise the plate, under the influence of moisture, will not adhere well to the walls. Do not forget about the standards for the height of the basement - 250 cm. For this, a pit of the appropriate depth is formed.

Projects creation

As already noted, it is very important here to determine the desired wall thickness. The type of soil, the location of the building, the type and behavior of the soil are taken into account. If the ground is reliable, then the thickness of the walls of the basement can correspond to other walls of the house. If there are problems with the soil, their thickness increases by 20-30 cm.

If the building is built of wood, then the plinth can be created from concrete blocks.

The design should also reflect the position of groundwater. Since there is a requirement for the depth of the pit, it should not reach their level. The soil is studied in advance, determines the depth of these waters.

For your information! Permission, or rather updating the document, is needed if the paper was originally submitted for individual housing construction without a base, but after a while they changed their minds in favor of the zero floor. And according to the law, if the area changes by 17% or more, documents must be submitted to the HOA for approval.

Pricing issues

They are determined by the following factors:

1. The region of your residence (especially the climate, soil, soil, etc.)
2. The prices of materials in your area.
3. The cost of the services of specialists and workers.
4. The intended parameters of the basement and foundation.

Example 1... Base parameters: 10x10. The foundation is tape. Its depth - 240 cm, width - 30 cm, elevation above the ground: 60 cm.

The following materials are involved here:

1. Land sampling - 360 cubic meters m. = 360 thousand rubles.
2. Corrugated reinforcement, section 0.14 cm. 5700 m involved. The cost is about 205 150 rubles.
3. Concrete. Spending: 265 900 rubles.
4. Formwork, 10 cubic meters. Expenses: 62,000 rubles.
5. Waterproofing. Bituminous mastic... She demanded 60,000 rubles. This is the inner layer. For the outer layer of roofing material costs about 60,000 rubles.
6. Insulation. Expanded polystyrene. One slab is 10 cm thick, 58 cm wide and 26 cm long. 10 slabs are required. Costs of the order of 32,000 -35,000 rubles.
7. Interlayer materials (crushed stone and sand) + nails. Costs: 42,000 rubles.

Tools:

• For calculations: tape measure, pencil, level.
• For masonry: trowel, pickaxe.
• Others: shovel, hammer, plumb line.

Their total cost is within 30,000 rubles.

The services of the workers will cost about 130-140 thousand rubles... This refers to their fees and expenses for room and board.

If you carry out the work yourself, then other numbers appear here. Digging the necessary foundation pit and filling it up will cost about 50,000 rubles.

Example 2. The basement parameters are 8 x 8 m. The walls are made of FBS blocks. The foundation is slab, monolith.

Materials:

1. Waterproofing, roofing material.
2. Insulation. Penoplex. Thickness - 5 cm.
3. Change house. Parameters 2.5x5 m.

The list of tools is almost the same. It will also require the cost of work, equipment rental, delivery of materials.

The aggregate price of all of the above is about 1,000,000 rubles.

Approximately 64% of this amount is spent on the purchase of materials, 7% - on their delivery, 3% was required for tools, 14% is needed for work, 7% for equipment rental, and 5% for a change house.

When the plinth is erected under the condition of a high position groundwater, costs increase significantly. We'll have to build a very powerful foundation. Usually, in such cases, a pile foundation and a basement are created on it. The costs indicated in the first example may increase by about 1.5 - 2 times.

Of course, you can save on the construction of the basement. The main thing is to do it without sacrificing quality. Especially do not save on concrete and waterproofing, as well as insulation. It is better to create a base of smaller parameters, but reliable and with a strong base.

Also, do not save on workers. high class... If you yourself are not able to hold quality work or you do not have time, then it is better to entrust this business to specialists with characteristics. Today it is quite popular to order a turnkey base / plinth. The price range is very wide here. Much depends on the parameters of the conceived basement, geological factors, prices of materials and services of a particular company. The following are some examples of turnkey plinths, taking into account different parameters and factors.

№	Type of work	Footage	Price, rub.)	Amount (RUB)
	Works:
1	Extracting axes	100 m 2	40	4000
2	Earthworks (soil is not removed)	252 m 3	329	82908
3	Creation of a separation layer (geotextile applied)	210 m 2	20	4200
4	Creation sand pillow... Its compaction with a vibrating plate	36 m 3	529	19044
5	Creating a cushion from rubble. Its compaction with a vibrating plate	18 m 3	529	9522
		Cumulatively:		RUB 119674
	Foundation slab:
1	Laying the waterproof membrane	112 m 2	30	3360
2	Formwork works (installation, removal)	40 lm	300	12000
3		2.12 t.	15000	31800
4	Vibrating concrete paving	21 m 3	1500	31500
		Cumulatively:		RUB 78660
	Basement walls:
1	Eliminating axes	100 m 2	40	4000
2	Formwork works	125 m 2.	300	37500
3	Reinforcement network creation and installation	2.69 t.	21000	56490
4		26.25 m 3	1500	39375
		Cumulatively:		137365 RUB
	Base / plinth overlap:
1	Formwork works	100 m2	320	32000
2	Reinforcement network creation and installation	2.12 t.	15000	31800
3	Concrete laying. Sealing it with a vibrating tool.	17 m 3	1500	25500
		Cumulatively:		RUB 89300
		Cumulatively:		RUB 424,999
	Materials:
1	Waterproofing strip Megaizol GEO PRO 150	231 m 2	40	9240
2	Sand. Sizes: medium and large.	36 m 3	700	25200
3	Granite crushed stone (fraction range 20-40)	18 m 3	1350	24300
		Cumulatively:		RUB 58,740
	For the base plate:
1	Geomembrane "Planter"	123.2 m 2	90	11088
2	Board 4 x15 x 600 cm. 1-3 grades are used.	1.22 m 3	8500	10370
3	Reinforcement stands	400 pcs.	5	2000
4	Armature type d12 А500	2.05 t.	33000	67693
5	Armature, type d8 А500	0.06 t.	33000	2139
6	Wire. Knitting type.	19.08 kg	360	6869
7	Concrete B22.5	21 m 3	3900	81900
		Cumulatively:		RUB 182059
	For walls:
1	Rebar type d12 A500	2.69 t.	33000	88770
2	Wire. Knitting type.	24.21 kg	360	8716
3	Vertical reinforcement retainer	625 pcs.	4	2500
5	Formwork. By inventory.	250 m2	580	145000
6	Class B22.5 concrete	26.25 m 3	3900	102375
		Cumulatively:		RUB 347361
	For the floor slab:
1	Rebar d12 A500	2.05 t.	33000	67693
2	Rebar d8 A500	0.06 t.	33000	1980
3	Wire. Knitting type.	19.08 kg	360	6869
4	Chairs for reinforcing elements.	500 pcs.	5	2500
5	Formwork. Inventory view.	100 lm	280	28000
6	Concrete B22.5	17 m 3	3900	66300
		Cumulatively:		RUB 173342
	Delivery:
1	Formwork. By inventory.	—	—	14600
2	Materials (edit)	—	—	15000
3	Tools	—	—	1800
		Cumulatively:		RUB 31400
		Cumulative for materials:		RUB 792902
	Equipment:
	Concrete pump	3 shifts	14400	0
	Residential trailer	13 shifts	1000	0
	Conducting electricity to the jobsite	13 shifts	1000	0
	Overhead 2%:			24359 RUB
	TOTAL:			RUB 1,242,260

Table. Calculations based on data in central regions

Material. Parameter type	Meaning.
Foundation slab (PF). Square	100 sq.m
PF perimeter	40 shoulder straps. m.
PF thickness	20 cm
Sand pillow.	15 cm
Crushed stone pillow. Thickness.	10 cm.
Laying the foundation. Average depth	150 cm.
Basement walls. Length.	50 shoulder straps. m
Basement walls. Thickness.	20 cm.
Base height.	250 cm
Total area of ​​openings	0 sq.m.
Floor slab (PP). Square	100 sq.m.
PP perimeter	40 shoulder straps. m
PP thickness	16 cm
Distance from the ring road:	10 km.
Aggregate price of a "turnkey" plinth:	1242260 rub.

Should we do it or not? What they say on the forums

The most common advice is the following:

1. If you have free funds, then you can implement your plans. If there is a lack of money in the process, you can postpone finishing work on the plinth for a long time.
2. As a rule, the basement is necessarily planned on expensive and small plots in order to increase the space.

Disadvantages identified during the construction process:

1. The cost of building a foundation with a basement or basement floor increases by 35-40%. This is a significant amount of money, especially if the need for space is not foreseen.
2. Sometimes they forget about insulation and waterproofing, and the sprinkling has already been done. It is necessary to re-prepare the external trenches, fix the penoplex or invent something new with waterproofing.

A selection of pros

One of the most popular videos on the topic. The author is distinguished by both academic and worldly sense, judging by the level of study of the topic. In addition, the author, obviously, is a supporter of the construction of a basement floor and convincingly proves the practicality of its arrangement.

• Why does a house need a basement?
• The basement of the house with two-layer walls.
• Features of the basement waterproofing.
• Elimination of cold bridges in the basement.

The basement is the above-ground part of the foundation. This is a rather complicated knot, where vertical (basement, walls) and horizontal (floors and ceilings) structures of the house converge and adjoin each other.

The correct device, waterproofing and insulation of the basement - the necessary conditions for the construction of a durable, economical and heat-saving house.

The figure below clearly shows what will happen if the house has a very low basement.

Plinth with a height of at least 20 cm. protects walls from moisture (in the picture on the left) Low plinth and the absence of a plinth leads to moistening of the wall of the house (in the picture in the center and on the right)

The height of the basement of a private house must be at least 20 cm. With a low plinth, there is a high risk of wetting the wall of the house. The walls will be moistened from splashes when rain drops hit the ground, when snow drifts melt, or from capillary suction of moisture directly from the ground.

Damp walls lose their heat-saving properties. Water freezing in the walls gradually destroys them. Dirt, dampness, fungus and mold appear on the decoration of the walls outside and inside the house.

In areas with high snow cover, it is better to make the basement height not lower than the level of stable snow cover. This rule is especially important for houses with wooden walls.

To protect the walls of the house from moisture emanating from the ground, two lines of defense are created:

• Increase the height of the basement in order to remove the walls of the house as far as possible from the ground - a source of moisture.
• Arrange waterproofing of the walls of the house and the basement in the dangerous zone of exposure to moisture.

A high plinth increases the cost of building a house. Therefore, depending on the construction of the walls and, they try to find a reasonable compromise between the size of the basement and the level of waterproofing.

Be sure to arrange between the basement and the wall of the house ghorizontal layer of roll waterproofing.

In some cases, which are discussed below, it is necessary to do additional waterproofing of the walls of the house.

For a private house it is recommended to make a sinking base... At the sinking plinth, the outer surface of the wall protrudes beyond the border of the plinth by about 50 mm. Water falling on the surface of the wall flows down and falls from the wall past the basement onto the blind area. This solution prevents the water flowing down the wall from getting onto the horizontal waterproofing and flowing through it into the wall. For better water drainage a drip is fixed along the lower edge of the wall.

It should be noted that in addition to the waterproof function, the basement plays a certain role in the architectural appearance of the house. A house on a high plinth looks more solid and impressive, and the decoration of the plinth can emphasize the beauty of the floors of the house.

Correct basement of a house with single-layer exterior walls

The height of the basement of a house with single-layer external walls must be at least 50 cm.(in the picture on the left) Or for a plinth with a height less than 50 cm, but not lower than 20 cm., additional waterproofing of the walls is required. (in the picture on the right)

The outer surface of single-layer walls is less protected from moisture than multi-layer walls. Therefore, the basement of a house with a height of at least 50 cm.

If the base of a single-layer wall is below 50 cm., then arrange additional waterproofing in two places:

1. In the wall, above the first or second layer of masonry made of aerated concrete or porous ceramic blocks, another layer of roll waterproofing is laid.
2. The outer surface of the wall, in the area of ​​the lower rows of masonry, is protected from water with a layer of vertical waterproofing. To do this, it is enough to use hydrophobic primers and waterproof plasters when decorating the wall. Better, but more expensive, to cover the base and lower part walls with a material with low water absorption, for example, clinker tiles.

Plinth construction for a single wall houses with a basement or at home on foundation - slab can

Dimensions of the basement of a house with two-layer outer walls

Minimum height base / plinth for a two-layer wall insulated with expanded polystyrene 20 cm. For a wall insulated with mineral wool, at least 30 cm.(in the left picture) A low base will lead to humidification exterior decoration and soaking mineral wool insulation (in the picture on the right)

Besides, thermal insulation of the plinth eliminates the cold bridge through the basement and the supporting part of the wall, bypassing the thermal insulation of the floor and wall.

In a single-layer wall, the floor is raised to the level of the second or third row of masonry. They raise to the same level vertical waterproofing base. 2 - waterproofing; 4-5 - plaster on the grid; 8 - finishing; 9 - floor on the ground

If on the site or weakly heaving, then the task of fighting the forces of frost heaving is not worth it. In this case, it is necessary to get rid of only the cold bridge through the base and the supporting part of the wall.

To eliminate the bridge of cold in a house with single walls without insulation of the basement, it is necessary to raise the floor to the level of the second or third row of masonry blocks outer wall... This is sufficient, since the material of a single-layer wall has a low thermal conductivity.

The load-bearing part of two- or three-layer walls is usually made of a material with high thermal conductivity. To eliminate the cold bridge in two- or three-layer walls, only the upper part of the base can be closed with insulation, by about 0.5 m. below floor level. This will increase the length of the heat flow path along the plinth.

If the basement space under the house is not heated, then the basement is covered with thermal insulation on both sides.

In multilayer walls, to eliminate the cold bridge, one outer or both sides of the basement are covered with thermal insulation (for houses with an unheated basement space or floors on the ground)

For multi-layer walls, another way of dealing with the cold bridge is used. The lower rows of masonry of the load-bearing part of the wall are made of wall material with low thermal conductivity. The floor level is raised, in the same way as it is done for a single-layer wall.

For insulation of the basement and the underground part of the foundation, plates of extruded polystyrene foam (penoplex, etc.) are best suited.

Convenient to insulate strip foundations... Construction of pile foundations with bored (including TISE) or screw piles more suitable for a cold base. Insulation of such foundations is quite problematic and expensive.

The basement space of houses with pile foundations is usually not insulated. The construction of the basement and the floor of the first floor of the house on pile foundation choose with this circumstance in mind.

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When can you make a house facade without a basement? Plinths may not be available in homes where the façade is made of weather-resistant materials with high strength, such as clinker brick or a natural stone... In the case of a facade finished with durable materials, the plinth can be reduced so that it is almost invisible. If the house is being plastered, then it is necessary to choose a hydrophobic facade plaster - non-absorbent water, from which dirt is easily washed off and there is no need to clean it. Such facade plasters are silicone plasters.

The plinth can be hidden, that is, hidden by the bottom fragment facade cladding from clinker facade tiles under bricks or boards, which are already hardened at the factory and covered with several layers of varnish resistant to weathering.

How to properly insulate the base?

During the insulation of a building, in which there will be no basement, the lower section of the thermal insulation of the walls before contact with the ground (about 30 cm) should be made of a material that is resistant to moisture, for example, polyurethane foam and extruded polystyrene foam, even if higher polystyrene foam or mineral wool... If the house is to be finished with plaster, the wall should not extend straight to the base. Leave a very small plinth and finish it in the usual way, such as facade clinker tiles.

How to get the effect of a house without a plinth?

To get the effect of a house without a plinth, where the facade is finished with clinker bricks, the lower part of the facade is above the ground foundation wall make of the same material as the wall cladding on the first floor. In the facade and plinth, finished with clinker bricks, be sure to leave vertical unfilled colored solution seams. These seams will be air ventilation holes - ventilation slots. Special care must be taken to ensure adequate drainage of the strip around the house. IN modern houses, stone slabs and facing ceramic brick... They can be laid in such a way that the lower element ends 2-3 cm above the ground.

Only in the case of wall construction with a ventilated facade, we can afford to build facade walls without a plinth, a wall that goes down to the ground covering the plinth. Then the accumulated water near the foundation wall can evaporate freely without destroying the structures of other layers. In the case of slab facades, the rules for installing a ventilated façade must be strictly followed.

How to make a bandage that winds along the ground along the facade?

A wall protection bandage should be paved along the walls of the building on the ground, limiting the penetration of rainwater directly into the walls of the house. The dressing should be selected depending on the type of soil. If the earth absorbs water, we use gravel, expanded clay or crushed stone. If the soil is impenetrable, then concrete paving stones or clinker paving stones or concrete tiles.
The dressing should not leave water in it. It must "breathe" because it facilitates the evaporation of water from the soil. Regardless of what material the dressing will be made of, it should have a slope of about 2%, which causes an automatic drainage of water. In addition, the water should flow towards the garden and not onto the front of the house. Downpipes diverting rainwater from the roof should be installed into the gutter sump, and then into the rain drain. This will maximize the protection of the foundation from moisture. On sites with high level groundwater, it is worth making drainage around the house.

View samples of materials for the plinth, as well as wall ceramic blocks and facing clinker brick, you can get advice and buy this material in our office at Moscow, Prospekt Mira, 69.

In a private house, it is a basement, which acts as the first floor. Others consider it to be the standard ground floor, which is located below ground level. In any case, its creation remains unchanged and requires compliance with some rules.

Flaws

It is worth noting that the construction is distinguished by high costs compared to the usual one; also, in some cases, the expansion of the construction area will be a more economical option.

The approximate cost becomes clear after carrying out geological and engineering surveys, establishing the type of soil, groundwater level. Sometimes afterwards it turns out that in this place the construction of such a building is impossible.

Basement floors in private houses require drainage, high-quality waterproofing and insulation, so it will not be possible to do with a simple formation of the continuation of the foundation. Failure to comply with waterproofing rules or use substandard materials increases the likelihood of flooding.

To carry out such work, builders must be highly qualified, since negligence in work in this case is more likely to have undesirable consequences.

Lighting and ventilation

Since the arrangement of full-fledged windows in the basement is most often impossible, the premises will be insufficient.Therefore, the location living rooms preferably on the ground floor. The most popular options for furnishing are entertainment and sports facilities: home theaters, billiard rooms, swimming pools, saunas, gyms.

It is worth remembering that operation is also associated with large investments, allowing you to maintain the space in the required condition. Forced ventilation the basement floor of a private house is especially relevant in gym and rooms with a high level of humidity, and the creation will be required for saunas and showers. The pool located below ground level is also difficult to arrange.

When you can't do without a plinth

It becomes necessary most often when there is a lack of floor area above the ground, and the impossibility of placing all the planned premises.

In some cases, the size of the construction site contributes to the creation of a basement. It can be small or narrow in shape, and the owner has the means to build a large building and there is not enough space on the upper floors.

Arrangement is also common in the presence of a site characterized by the presence of a slope with a noticeable difference in height. In this case, the relief becomes the accent of everything landscape design and allows you to build a very original building.

The basement in a private house, the photo of which is presented above, gives respectability to the entire building and can accommodate various premises, basement or utility areas. It is also worth noting that such a building has higher thermal insulation properties. With proper arrangement, you can reduce costs and accelerate their return on investment. Thanks to him, you can not worry about the loads that fall on the foundation, and the house itself becomes more reliable. in accordance with the established rules, should be within 2.5 meters.

Varieties

There are three main types:

• recessed basement in a private house;
• speaker;
• located flush with the base.

The most widespread is the first option. This is facilitated by less exposure to moisture, compared to other species. Also, in this case, humidity has a less detrimental effect on other parts of the building, since water quickly drains from the basement.

The protruding type is ideal for houses with thin wall structures. So you can equip rooms that will be located almost underground. Sometimes it acts as a storage place for seasonal and rarely used items.

The device of the basement floor of a private house on the same level as the foundation is not always rational, since it will have insufficient protection from moisture and at the same time act as the beginning of the wall. You will need to use additional waterproofing materials what entails extra expenses... It is also worth noting the impossibility of improvement appearance building.

Materials (edit)

Due to the fact that the basement is a continuation of the foundation, it is erected from a material similar to that used to create the foundation. Sometimes it is possible to choose the materials of which the wall structures are made. Most often used ready-made blocks, brick and monolithic concrete... Regardless of the perfect choice, a competent calculation is required. Special attention must be given to determining the thickness of the walls.

Screed and concrete plates act as a floor. The base can be formed from ready-made reinforced concrete slabs... For facing works often applied wood material... If the basement in a private house rises significantly above the ground, it is possible to create full-fledged windows and doors in its upper part, while it is desirable that they face the south, west or east side. Arrangement of openings on the north side is undesirable, as this can lead to deformation of the frames due to the accumulation of a large amount of snow.

Stairs

It is advisable to start with the stairs to the basement in a private house, since it is integral and important element premises. The most widespread are three types staircase structures providing a comfortable descent. Arrangement of the classic marching version is possible if there is sufficient space. If the design of the floor and its dimensions do not allow creating such a comfortable descent, the bolt or screw look will do.

Waterproofing

Separately, it should be noted waterproofing works... The underground structure must be double-sided with materials that protect against moisture. This will increase their reliability. Waterproofing of elements located above the ground does not require an obligatory internal waterproofing.

The basement floor in a private house, which is based on a solid concrete slab, has undoubted advantages:

• arrangement of premises for any purpose is possible;
• the structure is distinguished by sufficient protection against negative external influence for example humidity;
• it takes relatively little time to build;
• distinctive structural strength.

High-quality arrangement of waterproofing is the main point in the construction. If this rule is not followed, the floor slab will have poor adhesion to the wall elements of the base. As stated earlier, the height of the plinth should be within 2.5 meters. For its construction, a pit is pulled out with the required depth.

Design work

First of all, when arranging, it is necessary to install required thickness walls. Here you need to build on the type of soil on the site and the location of the building. If the soil is sufficiently reliable, it is possible to create walls with a thickness similar to that of walls in other parts of the house. Otherwise, it is recommended to increase the thickness by 20-30 cm. When using wood for the construction of a building, the basement in a private house with your own hands can be made of concrete blocks.

An important stage is the preparation of a project, in which the location of groundwater must be taken into account. This is due to the fact that the depth of the pit should not reach the level of occurrence of water. Preliminary exploration of the ground is carried out to establish the possible depth.