The house is made of solid red brick. Which brick is better to build a house: tips

Modern technologies for building brick houses practically do not differ from the old ones: builders lay the same even rows, layer by layer they erect walls. The shape has slightly changed, large-format blocks, a cellular structure, and new materials have appeared. Manufacturers have improved processes, accelerated manufacturing, improved performance, but otherwise modern brick house differs from the century-old building only in style.

The advantages of brick houses:

• High strength. Construction allowed load-bearing walls multi-storey buildings with reinforced concrete floors. The limitation for standard ceramic bricks is 14-16 floors, for Porotherm - 10 floors.
• Environmental Safety... Brick is produced with a minimum of chemical additives.
• Ceramics tolerates freezing, moisture well, retains strength indefinitely. One of the advantages of building a brick house is the durability of the building. The service life of brick buildings is 100-150 years.
• Any architectural solutions are implemented. We build cottages with bay windows, balconies, complex roofing, terraces on the second floor.
• Solid appearance. A brick house has always been considered a sign of wealth.

Brick house: the pros and cons of materials

Ceramics

Requirements are specified in GOST R 57347-2016, GOST 530-2012. The workpieces are formed from clay with the addition of minerals, then fired at a temperature of 800-1000 ° C. The result is durable, resistant to external influence"Red brick. Ceramics are suitable for the manufacture of products with thin walls - the cells improve several times thermal insulation properties... This is how it appeared modern design"Red" bricks - large-format porous blocks. Their advantages:

• one block replaces up to 12 bricks;
• no insulation required - enough decorative finishing(at correct selection thickness);
• high bearing capacity - you can lay reinforced concrete floors, fix furniture to the walls, hang pictures;
• construction is faster;
• lower material and labor costs.

GOOD WOOD uses Porotherm blocks - products of Wienerberger AG, the largest manufacturer of ceramic building materials.

Silicate and aerated concrete

Sand and lime bricks are produced in accordance with GOST R 57348-2016 and GOST 379-2015. The material is less resistant to water, high temperatures - the surface must be protected from direct contact with water, chimneys. The rest of the silicate brick is almost as good as ceramic.

To speed up construction and increase thermal insulation, instead of "white" bricks of standard sizes, gas silicate and aerated concrete blocks- durable, lightweight products with a porous structure. Aerated concrete has its own list of advantages:

• perfectly flat surface - the wall does not need to be leveled, sanded;
• high thermal insulation - due to air bubbles, the stone allows you to build walls without additional insulation;
• light weight - workers handle even large-sized products manually;
• ease of processing - blocks hand tool cut under right size, customized for specific conditions on site.

GOOD WOOD applies Ytong blocks- products of the German company Xella.

Brick house construction: features and technologies

1. Foundation

To build stone walls requires solid foundation- the foundation must withstand the weight of the building stone, reinforced concrete floors, roofs. Options for light timber and frame structures will not work. The minimum requirement is a strip foundation with a sufficient base depth, but more often a grillage on piles, a classic or insulated slab (USHP) is used.

Before the development of the KZh project (reinforced concrete structures), geological and geodetic studies are carried out. Standard work list:

• we measure the plot, put it in topographic plan information about the relief, the location of objects, neighboring buildings;
• investigate geological structure soil, depth groundwater;
• we carry out test drilling to determine the characteristics of the soil, possible difficulties in the construction of the foundation.

Research result - precise definition suitable type foundation, calculation of the supporting structure. Measurements will come in handy when preparing documents for obtaining a building permit, help to determine in advance the routes for supplying communications, to choose options for improvement.

In GOOD WOOD cottages, as standard, there is a grillage foundation on driven piles. In especially difficult cases, or at the request of the owner, we fill the slab or build a basement.

2. Walls

Waterproofing is laid under the first row - bituminous protection is 10 cm wider than the wall itself. Before installation, if necessary, level the foundation in order to start laying from a horizontal surface with a deviation of up to 20 mm to the tested area.

If finishing with a facade brick is planned in a house made of a ceramic block, a reinforcing mesh is laid.

When decorating aerated concrete walls with front (front) bricks, a ventilation gap is required.

For connection, use the appropriate masonry material:

• for ceramics - Porotherm TM masonry mixture. When building from blocks with vertical engagement, the mixture is applied only to a horizontal surface;
• for aerated concrete - standard or winter mortar, special Ytong polyurethane glue for partitions.

3. Window and door openings

Side surfaces laid using additional elements of the required width (ceramics) or fitting standard blocks (aerated concrete). The rows above the opening are held in place with a solid or prefabricated lintel.

Jumper design options:

• Reinforced concrete. Heavy reinforced concrete product, used in most brick buildings.
• Reinforced aerated concrete lintels. A standard prefabricated element for aerated concrete cottages.
• U-shaped aerated concrete products. They are mounted in the form of a jumper on the stops. Then reinforcement is laid in the empty space, concrete is poured. It turns out to be durable and robust design the desired length.
• Ceramic concrete lintels Porotherm. They are used similarly to Ytong U-shaped products: they are mounted, poured with concrete. After laying 2-3 rows on the lintel, the upper part of the opening gains its final strength.

4. Overlaps

On stone walls you can install any overlap - assemble a light structure on wooden beams, lay ready-made reinforced concrete slabs, pour prefabricated monolithic structure... There are no weight restrictions.

5. Roof

In brick cottages, a roof with double ridges is often found, divided by a structure, steps, and a change in the angle of inclination. Sometimes the upper part is divided into blocks, different levels... Although most projects use a conventional gable, pitched or flat roof.

Brick cottage projects

Serial

GOOD WOOD architects have developed convenient designs for stone houses:

• . Simple construction: no stairs, no extra rooms.
• ... The second floor is full-fledged or in the form of an attic.
• ... The mansions will appeal to lovers of solid stone walls.
• ... Completed in different styles: projects of architects GOOD WOOD - chalets, developments of the architectural bureau "Carlson and Co" - modern classic.

Any finished drawing you can modify it for yourself: add, remove or change balconies and terraces, adjust the layout, size and location of windows, height of rooms. For significant changes, you will have to recalculate the parameters, others (for example, mirroring, changing the ceiling height) are included in the drawings for free.

Individual

Bring your own sketches, tell the architect about your wishes for planning and design, what styles you prefer in architecture - a specialist will develop a suitable project. The stages of building brick houses on an individual project include several stages of approval - it is important to make sure that the result does not disappoint the customer. We design and build small cottages and huge estates, high-tech houses, modern classics, minimalism, chalets.

All built cottages have an official GOOD WOOD guarantee - 50 years. Free elimination of defects does not depend on the technology of building houses: from bricks, combined, serial and individual projects.

How to order the construction of a brick house

Find a suitable serial or individual project in the catalog, make an appointment with the architect and technical supervision engineer at the site. On-site specialists will draw up an approximate work plan, help you choose a place for construction, tell you how quickly brick houses are built and what is needed for this. Consultation on the site removes 100% of questions about the upcoming construction.

The ability of a structure to retain heat is determined by such a physical parameter as thermal resistance constructions ( R, m 2 * C / W).

Determine the degree-day of the heating period, ° С ∙ day / year, according to the formula (SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings") for the city Tver.

GSOP = (t in - t from) z from,

where,
t v- the design temperature of the internal air of the building, ° С, taken when calculating the enclosing structures of the groups of buildings indicated in table 3 (SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings"): according to pos. 1 - according to the minimum values ​​of the optimal temperature of the corresponding buildings in accordance with GOST 30494 (in the interval 20 - 22 ° C);
t from - average temperature outside air, ° С in cold period, for Tver meaning -3,0 ° C;
z from- the duration, day / year, of the heating period, adopted according to the set of rules for the period with an average daily outside air temperature of no more than 8 ° С, for the city Tver meaning 218 days.

GSOP = (20- (-3.0)) * 218 = 5,014.00 ° С * day.

The value of the required thermal resistance for the external walls of residential buildings is determined by the formula (SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings)

R tr 0 = a * GSOP + b

where,
R tr 0- required thermal resistance;
a and b- the coefficients, the values ​​of which should be taken according to table No. 3 of SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings" for the corresponding groups of buildings, for residential buildings the value a should be taken equal to 0.00035, the value b - 1,4

R tr 0 = 0.00035 * 5 014.00 + 1.4 = 3.1549 m 2 * C / W

The formula for calculating the conditional thermal resistance of the structure under consideration:

R 0 = Σ δ n /λ n + 0,158

Where,
Σ - symbol of the summation of layers for multilayer structures;
δ - layer thickness in meters;
λ - coefficient of thermal conductivity of the layer material under the condition of operating humidity;
n- layer number (for multilayer structures);
0.158 is a correction factor, which, for simplicity, can be taken as a constant.

Formula for calculating the reduced thermal resistance.

R r 0 = R 0 x r

Where,
r- coefficient of thermal engineering homogeneity of structures with heterogeneous areas (joints, heat-conducting inclusions, porches, etc.)

According to the standard STO 00044807-001-2006 according to Table No. 8 the value of the coefficient of heat engineering uniformity r for masonry from large-sized hollow porous ceramic stones should be taken equal 0,98 .

At the same time, I draw your attention to the fact that this coefficient does not take into account the fact that

1. we recommend laying the masonry using a warm masonry mortar (this significantly eliminates the heterogeneity at the joints);
2. as the connections of the bearing wall and the front masonry, we use not metal, but basalt-plastic connections, which conduct heat literally 100 times less than steel ties (this significantly eliminates the inhomogeneities formed due to heat-conducting inclusions);
3. window slopes and doorways according to our project documentation they are additionally insulated with extruded polystyrene foam (which eliminates the heterogeneity in the places of window and door openings, porches).

From which we can conclude - when fulfilling the instructions of our working documentation the coefficient of uniformity of the masonry tends to unity. But in calculating the reduced thermal resistance R r 0 we will still use table value 0,98.

R r 0 must be greater than or equal to R 0 required.

We determine the mode of operation of the building in order to understand what is the coefficient of thermal conductivity λ a or λ in taken when calculating the conditional thermal resistance.

The method for determining the operating mode is described in detail in SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings" ... Based on the specified normative document, follow the step-by-step instructions. 1st step. We define sonu humidity of the region of development - Tver using Appendix B of SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings".

According to the table city Tver located in zone 2 (Normal climate). We take the value 2 - Normal climate. 2nd step. According to Table 1 of SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings", we determine the humidity regime in the room. At the same time, I draw your attention to heating season the air humidity in the room drops to 15-20%. During the heating period, the air humidity must be raised to at least 35-40%. Humidity of 40-50% is considered comfortable for humans. In order to raise the humidity level, it is necessary to ventilate the room, you can use air humidifiers, the installation of an aquarium will help.

According to Table 1, the humidity regime in the room during the heating period at an air temperature of 12 to 24 degrees and a relative humidity of up to 50% - dry. 3rd step. According to Table No. 2 of SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings", we determine the operating conditions. To do this, we find the intersection of the line with the value of the humidity regime in the room, in our case it is dry, with a humidity column for the city Tver, as it was found out earlier, this is the value normal.

Summary. According to the SNiP methodology "Thermal protection of buildings" in the calculation of the conventional thermal resistance ( R 0) the value should be applied under operating conditions A, i.e. it is necessary to use the coefficient of thermal conductivity λa. Here you can see Thermal conductivity test report for ceramic blocks Kerakam Kaiman30 The value of the coefficient of thermal conductivity λa You can find it at the end of the document.

Consider the laying of an external wall, using ceramic blocks Kerakam Kaiman 30 and double brick masonry with 100mm insulation, lined with ceramic hollow bricks. For the ceramic block use case Kerakam Kaiman 30 total wall thickness excluding plaster layer 430mm (300mm ceramic block Kerakam Kaiman 30+ 10mm technological gap filled with cement-perlite mortar + 120mm front masonry). 1 layer 2nd layer(item 2) - 300mm wall masonry using a block Kerakam Kaiman 30(coefficient of thermal conductivity of masonry in an operational / wet state A 0.094 W / m * C). 3 layer(pos. 4) - 10mm light cement-perlite mixture between the ceramic block masonry and the front masonry (density 200 kg / m3, thermal conductivity coefficient at operating humidity less than 0.12 W / m * C). 4 layer(item 5) - 120mm wall masonry using slotted facing brick(coefficient of thermal conductivity of masonry in operational condition 0.45 W / m * C. Pos. 3 - warm masonry mortar pos. 6 - colored masonry mortar.

Consider the laying of an external wall, using solid ceramic bricks, with mineral wool insulation, lined with ceramic hollow bricks. For the option of using ceramic bricks, the total wall thickness excluding the plaster layer is 640mm (380mm brickwork from ceramic solid bricks + 100mm mineral wool insulation + 40mm ventilation gap + 120mm front brickwork). 1 layer(item 1) - 20mm heat-insulating cement-perlite plaster (thermal conductivity coefficient 0.18 W / m * C). 2nd layer(item 2) - 380mm wall masonry using ceramic solid bricks (thermal conductivity coefficient of masonry in operational state A 0.650 W / m * C). 3 layer(item 3) - 100mm mineral wool insulation (thermal conductivity coefficient in the operational state is 0.045 W / m * C). 4 layer(item 5) - 120mm wall masonry using slotted facing bricks (thermal conductivity coefficient of masonry in the operational state is 0.45 W / m * C.) * - the masonry layer of facing bricks is not taken into account in the calculation of the thermal resistance of the structure, because using the technology of masonry walls with insulation, the front masonry is carried out with the device ventilation gap, and ensuring free air circulation in it. This is a prerequisite for ensuring the standard moisture content of the structure, and first of all, the insulation.

We consider the conditional thermal resistance R 0 for the structures under consideration.

Kerakam Kaiman 30

R 0 Cayman30 = 0.020 / 0.18 + 0.300 / 0.094 + 0.01 / 0.12 + 0.12 / 0.45 + 0.158 = 3.810 m 2 * C / W

The structure of the external wall in which a ceramic solid brick is used with a 100mm insulation

R 0 brick with insulation = 0.020 / 0.18 + 0.380 / 0.650 + 0.100 / 0.045 + 0.158 = 3.0759 m 2 * C / W

We consider the reduced thermal resistance R r 0 of the structures under consideration.

External wall structure in which the unit is used Kerakam Kaiman 30

R r 0 caiman 30 =3.81 m 2 * C / W * 0.98 = 3.7340 m 2 * C / W

The structure of the external wall in which a corpulent one is used ceramic brick with a layer of mineral wool insulation 100mm.

R r 0 brick with insulation= 3.0759 m 2 * C / W * 0.98 = 3,0144 m 2 * C / W

The reduced thermal resistance of structures with the use of a heat-efficient ceramic block Cayman30 is higher than the required thermal resistance for the city of Tver, the structure meets the SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings" for the city of Nizhnekamsk.

The structure of the external wall with the use of solid ceramic bricks has a thermal resistance below the required value of the SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings", the structure does not meet the standards for the city of Tver.

The modern construction market offers a huge selection of the most various materials: both traditional, like bricks, which our grandfathers still used, and new, little-tested ones. This diversity gives rise to a lot of controversy. Some advocate "reliable classics" and are suspicious of various innovations, others argue that without using modern technologies it is impossible to build a durable, warm and comfortable country cottage. As usual, the truth is in the middle. The main thing is to know the pros and cons of different building materials and rely on knowledge that has been proven by practical experience. In this article, we'll cover:

• How much does it cost to build a house from solid bricks?
• Is it possible to build an energy efficient stone house large area.
• Is it worth it to get hung up on the environmental friendliness of building materials?

"Merchant" house with walls 2.5 bricks thick

When you look at a brick house being built by FORUMHOUSE user Evgeny Vinogradov (nickname Baston1981) in the suburbs, then there is a feeling that he was transported by a time machine to the past.

Architecture.

Labor intensity of work.

Elegant arched window and door lintels.

All this gives the building a resemblance to the houses of wealthy people of a bygone era.

In our age of pursuit of energy efficiency, you are even more surprised to learn that this is an honest brick house, without external insulation, with a wall thickness of about 64 cm.

Baston1981

I decided to build a real, solid and simple brick house without imitations, which will cause positive emotions for everyone who sees it. The walls are single-layer, 2.5 solid bricks thick. I will not plaster the house, leaving the brick practically as it is. Ceiling height 4 meters. The size of the house is 13.5x15 m. The area of ​​the first floor is 155 sq. m, the second attic - 130 sq. m. The second floor will not yet be used as a residential one and was built with an eye to the future for growing children.

The architecture of the building resembles the classic Russian architecture of the late 19th - early 20th century.

The unusual and daring project has attracted interest from the users of the portal. Beginning developers were attracted by the "wow effect" from the memorable appearance of the "semi-antique" house.

The textured brick had to be ordered and transported for 800 km. in place of the desired was not.

But more experienced users were interested in constructiveness and expressed doubts about economic feasibility building a brick house with such thick walls and difficulties with its further heating.

Before we touch on the issue of energy saving and thermal comfort, let us tell you more about the stages of construction. The brick building stands on a strip T-shaped foundation laid to a depth of 2 m, i.e. below the depth of freezing in MO.

The thickness of the "heel" of the tape was 30 cm, the width was 1 m. Then the formwork was placed and the "body" of the tape 0.5 m wide was poured in two steps.

A house made of solid bricks with thick walls is a heavy building, not every soil can support its weight. Therefore, at the forefront, as in construction ordinary house, when choosing the type of foundation, the collection of loads from the building is set. Also, the type and bearing capacity of the soil is determined, which is determined using geological research.

Without these basic principles, construction country cottage is a blindfold game with unpredictable results.

The sinuses of the tape are covered with sand and the floors are made on the ground with a concrete screed.

The roof of the attic is wooden - a carriage.

The roof is "cold".

The overlap between the first and second floors is insulated 250 mm stone wool.

The house has 13 windows.

Let's leave the technology of laying a wall of 2.5 bricks outside the scope of the article. Those who want to know more about her can watch a video about the house of Evgeny Vinogradov, a link to which is given at the end of this article. Many are most interested in the question of whether it will be possible to heat this house, and whether it will be comfortable to live in it in winter, because external walls not insulated.

Baston1981

In my opinion, the thickness of the walls of 2.5 bricks is enough to live without additional insulation, because the main heat loss goes through the windows, floor and ceiling. Walls are constructive.

Let's see what the standards say. The normalized thermal resistance of walls for Moscow is 3.28 (m2 * ° С) / W. If you "drive" a brick wall 64 cm thick into a specialized online heat engineering calculator of enclosing structures, it will give a result of 1.07 (m² * ° С) / Watt. Those. the resistance to heat transfer of the enclosing structure, according to calculations, is not enough for its normal operation. How to be? Will such a house be warm or will have to spend a lot on heating. User opinions were divided.

44alex FORUMHOUSE user

I think that a large heat-absorbing structure with a certain design of the nodes can largely compensate for the poor thermal insulation of the walls.

Also interesting is the observation Negativ, which has a house consisting of two large parts. In one part solid brick wall, 64 cm thick, insulated 12 cm stone wool insulation. The second part is warm ceramics - block 380 + insulation 12 cm. Although formally there is less heat loss in the part of the house with porous ceramics, the section with solid bricks feels like a winner. For example, when a few years ago Negativ there was an emergency shutdown of the main gas supply, the heating system did not work for 4 days. In zone with warm ceramics inside the room, the temperature dropped to 0 degrees, and in the section with solid bricks it was + 11 ° C.

Those. a large mass of bricks works like a heat accumulator.

Conclusion: an energy-efficient house should be heat-inertial, i.e. able to accumulate heat in the array heavy structures- walls and foundations. At first glance, it seems that a thick, heat-absorbing wall made of solid bricks without insulation is an ideal construct. But it should be remembered that not everyone has the opportunity to heat a brick house with main gas, while energy prices are steadily increasing. You also need to immediately think about whether there will be enough funds to maintain such a house in old age, when there is no way to earn as much money as before. Therefore, we will consider another point of view.

qwer222qwer FORUMHOUSE user

I have been living in a solid brick house for 25 years. There is no wall insulation. It is possible to heat it, but it is very expensive. We heat with gas. Expenses for 140 sq. m are 6500 rubles. per month. At the same time, the temperature in the premises does not rise above + 20-21 ° C. If on the street the temperature drops to - 25 ° С, then in the house it becomes + 16-17 ° С. There is also no thermal comfort. The batteries are hot and the walls are icy. It is necessary to put the boiler more powerful and heat it harder, and this will hit your pocket.

Lumix77 FORUMHOUSE user

I have a customer, he also built a brick house in a similar style, or rather, reconstructed an old dilapidated one. The house looks, of course, gorgeous, but how much money was spent on it, no one even considered, and the owners did not really think about energy efficiency.

Also Lumix77 shared his impressions of the operation of the "merchant" house of his friends with the thickness brick walls 1 m. According to the owners, they see nothing good in this house. It's cold in the house in winter. If you turn off the heating, the temperature in the house immediately drops. The walls are cold. Heating a house is difficult and costly. There is little space inside. It seems to be cool in summer, but the temperature is unevenly distributed. It is cold in early summer, hot in late summer. Therefore, they have not lived in the house for a long time.

So, to summarize the interim results: a house made of solid bricks looks impressive (although not everyone likes this design), the walls need not be finished, and they look great in the interior.

An array of thick brick walls accumulates heat well, but is required outer layer thermal insulation, to save it. Besides, an "honest" brick house is an expensive pleasure.

Baston1981

I write down all expenses. Offhand, about 4-5 million rubles have already been spent on the box. You need to make heating, insert windows and, in principle, you can already live in the house.

A solid brick house needs a strong foundation and a carefully prepared soil base with good bearing capacity. High qualification of bricklayers is required, and such experienced workers for hard work hard to find now.

With equal dimensions on a building spot, a house with thicker walls has less internal usable area compared to a cottage with less thick walls.

Alternatively, you can compromise. Build a brick house, but make the walls 1 brick thick, i.e. 25 cm wide (calculation for wall stability is required), or 1.5 bricks, 38 cm wide, plus additionally insulate the enclosing structure from the outside.

If you are attracted by a purely brick facade, semi-antique, then you can consider a well masonry with an effective and durable insulation embedded in the wall.

Or you can use solid brick like additional element increasing thermal inertia country house, erecting a half-brick curtain wall from inside the premises, 12 cm.For example, by combining a brick with aerated concrete as a load-bearing and thermal insulation material walls.

Norman-style energy efficient stone house

Now let's consider another option, where proven technologies and modern materials are used.

Schiefer FORUMHOUSE user

I built a monolithic reinforced concrete house, Norman style, with an area of ​​about 340 sq. m, if you count the garage and the boiler room. He worked on the project together with the architect for about two years. We heat with a heat pump, because there will be no main gas on the site now and in the future. Therefore, the house is energy efficient with high-quality insulation of the foundation, walls, roof and correct "warm" windows. The picture below shows a prototype of a house taken from a foreign project.

But what happened to the user in the end.

The construction of the house is as follows:

• walls - monolithic reinforced concrete 180 mm thick;

• external cladding - hand-molded bricks from Europe and artificial stone;

• the foundation slab is made of monolithic reinforced concrete with a thickness of 300 mm;

• walls basement floor made of monolithic reinforced concrete 180 mm thick;

• floors are made of monolithic reinforced concrete 200 mm thick;
• pitched roof from wooden beams 100x250 mm filled with thermal insulation;

• roof covering - natural ceramic tiles.

House insulation:

• walls - 300 mm of PIR thermal insulation, 3 layers of 100 mm each;

• roof - 300 mm PIR insulation;

• foundation: under the slab and in the plinth 200 mm EPS, but in fact it turned out to be 350 mm.

Also used basic principles energy efficient construction.

Brick houses are very popular because this building material allows you to get a strong and durable structure. However, brick is not a brick, because there are many varieties of this material. If you decide to make a choice in favor of building a house from this material, then you should not only understand the types of bricks, but also know the advantages and disadvantages brick buildings... We hope our article and owner reviews will help you make the right choice.

Material characteristics

• To designate the brand of this material, a combination of the letter "M" and a digital designation is used. This marking indicates what kind of load one square meter brick surface. Depending on the compressive strength of the brick, there are brands of this product 75, 100, 125, as well as 150, 200, and so on in increments of every 50 units.
• Frost resistance of this building material is determined by the number of cycles of alternating freezing and thawing that the brick is able to withstand without receiving visible damage and reducing the strength by no more than 20 percent. Frost resistance of bricks is indicated by the letter "F" and a number that indicates the number of cycles.

If you decide to build a two- and three-storey brick house, then you will need a brick of grade 75 or 100. Products ranging from grade 125 and above are used in the construction of multi-storey buildings. To build the foundation of a house or its basement, you will need a material with a higher compressive strength, so here it is worth using products with a brand of at least 150.

Important: it is worth remembering that the strength and durability of the masonry depend not only on the characteristics of the bricks used, but also on the brand of mortar, as well as the quality and correctness of the masonry work. In addition, do not forget that the grades of solid and hollow bricks are calculated on the same scale.

As for frost resistance, it largely depends on the water absorption of the material. The lower the water absorption of the brick, the higher its frost resistance. The highest characteristics of frost resistance and low rates of water absorption are clinker bricks. That is why it is often used as a cladding for buildings.

Advice: suitable for the central regions of our country building brick with frost resistance of at least 15-25 successive cycles.

Varieties of bricks

Listing the pros and cons brick house, one cannot ignore the characteristics of the material from which it is made, because there are several varieties of bricks that differ in technical and performance characteristics... And sometimes the owner of a brick house, dissatisfied with some of the qualities of the structure, does not understand that the reason is the wrong choice of the type of brick for making a tub of walls or cladding.

So, there are several types of bricks:

1. Ceramic brick most often made from red clay. The product is fired in an oven at a temperature of up to 1000 ° C. This material is used for masonry of load-bearing walls and interior partitions. It is used in the arrangement of the foundation, in the cladding of the building, interior decoration... Fireplaces and stoves are laid out of it, but not those parts that come into contact with fire. This material is quite resistant to the negative effects of weather factors. Ceramic products are divided into hollow, solid, smooth and textured elements for external and internal wall cladding. The shade of this material can be from red-brown to light beige. It depends on the type and color of the clay used.
2. Silicate brick made from a mixture of lime and sand. Its shade is most often white, but sometimes other colors are obtained with the addition of pigments. The material is hollow, corpulent and porous. If we compare silicate brick, then its frost resistance index is lower than that of ceramic products, and its thermal conductivity is higher, so a house made of such a material will be quite cold. In addition, the material absorbs water more easily, but the sound insulation characteristics of silicate bricks are much higher than that of ceramic ones. This type is best used for laying load-bearing walls for cladding and internal partitions. It is categorically not recommended to be used for laying a foundation.
3. Clinker brick made from refractory clays. The product is fired at a temperature of about 1200 ° C. Firing at this high temperature results in a homogeneous, void-free product that is highly durable. Brand clinker brick does not happen below 400. Among the advantages of this material, it is worth listing the increased frost resistance, low water absorption, resistance to the effects of salts and alkalis. That is why clinker is successfully used for facing facades, paving paths and platforms, arranging gutters and landscape design items. The material is often used in the interior. Facade clinker bricks are rich in colors and textures.

If you decide to build a house of bricks, the pros and cons of which we are considering, then you should know that a brick can be:

• corpulent;
• hollow;
• porous.

Solid products are distinguished by high compressive strength, therefore, the foundations and plinths of buildings are often made from this material, and external load-bearing walls and columns are laid out. However, due to the dense homogeneous structure, the material has a sufficiently high thermal conductivity, therefore, walls made of solid bricks must be additionally insulated. Masonry without insulation will be able to keep the warmth of the house only if the thickness of the walls is significant - from 640 mm to 1000 mm.

Hollow bricks have through holes, which reduce the thermal conductivity of the material. The more voids filled with air, the higher the thermal insulation qualities of the product. The elements are suitable for outdoor and interior walls at home. At the same time, due to the voids, the thickness of the outer walls can be small, while the thermal conductivity of the outer structures will be low, so that additional wall insulation can be dispensed with. Also thanks to the voids specific gravity one element less, which allows to reduce the load on the foundation.

Porous products (gas block and foam block) have the highest thermal insulation qualities, while the strength of the material decreases, and its specific gravity will be less. For the manufacture of such elements, special additives to clay are used, which, after firing, burn out and leave behind isolated voids. Such products are oversized, which simplifies and speeds up the process of masonry work. The end parts of the elements have grooves and ridges, which increases the thermal insulation of the walls and allows you to save mortar on the execution of vertical seams.

Important: from the outside, such a house must be protected with cladding (plaster, siding or facing brick), since the porous block quickly absorbs water, from which its thermal insulation qualities decrease.

The advantages of brick houses

1. The strength and durability of brick houses is their main advantage. Confirmation of this is the brick buildings of the past centuries, which stand in our time and are of historical value.
2. Brick houses are not affected by negative environmental factors. They are not afraid of heavy showers, winds, frosts, etc.
3. A well-built and well-built brick house can stand without overhaul more than a century.
4. Since only clay, sand and water are used to make bricks, this material is considered environmentally friendly and harmless to humans and the environment.
5. Brick walls allow the house to "breathe", which contributes to the creation of a favorable microclimate inside it. It is not hot in such a house in summer, and it is not cold in fierce winters.
6. The walls of these products are not subject to rot, damage by insects and rodents.
7. Since brick is a fireproof material, one of the main advantages of such houses is fire safety.
8. An equally important advantage of brick walls is high level soundproofing.
9. It is impossible not to mention such a plus of the material as its high aesthetic characteristics. Any detail of the facades can be made of bricks and even the most unusual idea of ​​architects can be realized.
10. The technology for making brickwork is quite simple, so if you wish, you can master it and do the work yourself.

Disadvantages of brick houses

1. The time spent building a brick building will be much longer than building it frame structure or a wooden house.
2. Since the brick itself has a significant specific gravity, it is required to equip a solid deep foundation under the walls of the building from this material. Therefore, it will take more time and money to complete such a foundation. In addition, the base must be protected from the forces of frost heaving so that the structure does not undergo deformations and the walls do not crack.
3. If you are going to turn to specialists to carry out the work, then the costs of paying for their labor will also be rather big.
4. The thermal conductivity of the product is quite high, therefore, despite the fact that the material quickly warms up in winter, the house must be additionally insulated.

Also, when choosing a brick house, it is worth considering how long and often you are going to live in it. For example, brick is not very suitable for summer cottages and weekend arrivals. The thing is that in winter in unheated house the walls are completely cooled. When you arrive and heat the house, part of the walls with inside will quickly heat up, but moisture will begin to collect inside the structure at the border of the cold and warm parts (the so-called dew point).

After you leave and the walls have cooled, this moisture will freeze. During the next arrival and warming up the house, moisture in the wall may collect even more. Thus, over time, moisture accumulated in the walls will destroy the material from the inside. That is why it is recommended to build a brick house for year-round residence, not as a summer residence.

Nowadays, almost everyone dreams of a good, warm and cozy house... Many people prefer well-built brick houses, so sooner or later the question arises before a person, which brick is better to use when building a house.

In fact, this is a rather serious issue that requires a lot of attention, you will need to study the reviews and videos. This article will discuss all types of bricks, their qualities and advantages.

Brick production

Typically, many types of bricks are made from clay. At the same time, it goes through a number of stages that require a proper approach. All this is necessary in order for the brick to be durable and meet all established standards.

Production stages

As mentioned above, clay is the main ingredient in making bricks. But everything is as simple as it seems at first glance. Clay goes through several successive stages of processing:

1. At the first stage, the clay is kneaded to the required consistency.
2. Various additives and additives, water are added to it.
3. After all the main components have been added to this mixture, it must be formed and dried at a temperature of 200 ° C until it is completely dry.
4. The final stage in the production of bricks is the final firing, but the highest temperature is already set. This is necessary in order for the clay to "bake" to the state of a ceramic.

It is worth noting that if the last point is not fulfilled, then you can only get a raw brick, which will be just an ordinary piece of dry clay.

In addition, there are other types of bricks, the main material for which is not a clay mixture, but, for example, silicate. There is also a hyper-pressed brick (it also lacks clay). However, such a brick can already be called an ordinary stone.

Many people, when the question arises of building a house for permanent residence, believe that the last thing you need to pay attention to is the choice of bricks. However, it should be noted that this is a big misconception, since the right material for construction plays a key role.

As you can already understand, currently there are many types of bricks, and each has its own advantages and properties. Therefore, for a more detailed picture, it is best to describe each type of brick separately so that you can visually familiarize yourself with its advantages.

Varieties of bricks

Clay is the material for simple fired bricks. It has a familiar appearance, that is, it is a red ceramic brick. In turn, it can be single, one and a half, double in size. By filling, the brick is produced as solid and slotted.

The main advantage of plain ceramic red brick is its ribbed surface. This allows for the best possible grip in the masonry of the house. In addition, ordinary brick is affordable. So it is inexpensive option to build a house for yourself. But it is worth noting that solid brick is more expensive than slotted brick. This is explained by the fact that more material is spent on solid brick.

As it is already clear from the name, this type of brick is intended for cladding the outer surface of a building due to its excellent operational properties - frost resistance, moisture resistance and wear resistance. It can also be used for the construction of heavier and more complex fences, foundations, walls and for any restoration work. The brick has a perfectly smooth surface, smooth edges and edges. Does not fade.

During production, the firing time and temperature are different, which makes it possible to obtain different shades of facing bricks. You can also change the color of the bricks by adding additional dye. This is what makes it possible to expand color palette... However, it is worth noting that this is the most expensive option compared to others.

1. Silicate brick.

It is currently one of the cheapest types of bricks. Silicate brick is distinguished by a unique production technology - without firing. The material for him is quartz sand(about 93%) and lime (7%). The brick is set thanks to chemical reaction- lime slaking. In order to speed up the process, it is necessary to use an autoclave. Here the bricks are steamed at over 200 ° C under pressure. The natural color of sand-lime bricks is white, but with the addition of additional dyes, it can be changed if necessary. Available as an ordinary (for masonry bearing walls) and front (for external cladding).

This type of brick is exposed to high temperatures and contains various chemicals. Based on this, it cannot be used for stove masonry or in the construction of a basement (there is a possibility of contact with water). Silicate brick is inferior in frost resistance, therefore it is not recommended to use it as the main one in the construction of houses. It is usually suitable for cladding.

In fact, this type can hardly be called a brick, rather, it is a concrete stone block, since no clay is used in the manufacture. The material for such a brick is limestone (85%), cement (10%), dye (5%). The brick has a long freeze cycle, low moisture absorption and increased strength.

Ideal for cladding plinths, house façades, decorative finishes, fireplaces. Facing with such a brick has a very presentable look. However, there is a significant disadvantage - this is a rather expensive option.

1. Clinker brick.

The material for clinker bricks is a special refractory clay. Brick is made at a temperature of more than 110 ° C. Thanks to this, it turns out to be burnt and monolithic. The surface of the brick can be specially grooved. Its color is usually gradient (smooth transition from red to dark gray). There are few varieties of clinker bricks. It can be one and a half or double.

Typically, such a brick is used for cladding a stove or fireplace. In addition, it can be used for laying outdoor chimneys, outdoor stoves, sidewalk. Despite the many options for its use, it is a rather expensive type of brick.

1. Furnace brick.

It is easy to understand that such a brick can only be used for the construction of stoves or fireplaces. Therefore, it is naturally not suitable for building houses. It can be fireclay refractory or furnace smooth.

The first type of brick is used in the installation of a stove, fireplace, chimney, autoclave, gas boiler furnace and other high-temperature structures. The materials for fireclay bricks are refractory clay and fireclay powder. The brick has a characteristic granular structure. The advantage of this type of brick is that it can be of absolutely any shape. Kiln bricks are used for masonry surfaces that are in direct contact with fire. It can withstand a lower temperature than fireclay.

Probably the most ideal of all bricks, despite its high cost. Aerated brick has such a high thermal conductivity that it can only be compared with wood, foam concrete. It has an excellent masonry advantage - no external wall cladding is required. Porous bricks can vary in size.

Thanks to this, it is not difficult to fold huge blocks out of it. Therefore, the construction of the house is proceeding at a rapid pace. The brick has channels for pouring vertical reinforcement.

Thanks to unique technology the brick has a low thermal conductivity. During production, wood sawdust is added to the clay mixture, which burns out during firing, which subsequently leads to the formation of air pores. It is they who prevent the spread of cold in a house under construction. Therefore, it is worth stopping your attention on this brick if you are planning to build a brick house.

Currently, the construction of a brick house is a whole art that is constantly evolving, new approaches appear. Therefore, now there are no special problems either with the color of the brick, or with its variety, since more and more color additives are added during the manufacture. But it is worth noting that dyes are still not added to masonry bricks, so it is only white.

What brick is better to build a house from? If you decide to build a brick house, then it is best to opt for porous bricks (warm ceramics), as this is the most profitable option.

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