The Ministry of Defense offers contract service in the reserve. Mobilization reserve of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - a secret clause of the decree Reserve of the Russian army

In 2015, the legislation decided to create a mobilization reserve. It should include reservist soldiers. The document on the creation of a reserve is not informative enough, as it is not intended for a wide audience. Russian legislation has taken another big step towards creating a professional army.

What is a mobilization reserve?

A mobilization reserve existed in Russia in the 18th century during the reign of Alexander II.

The mobilization reserve of the RF Armed Forces consists of soldiers who not only possess skills and abilities, but also undergo special training.

The reserve was created to increase the size of the army, create a large army and bring the Armed Forces on alert.

The reserve is formed not only from the Armed Forces, but also from the Foreign Intelligence Service and the Federal Security Service. Measures for the formation of the reserve are implemented from the state budget. Military commissariats decide on the organization of the military.

An agreement is concluded with the citizens in reserve. The composition includes soldiers with different military ranks. The age limit for a citizen in reserve is from 42 to 56 years.

In order to be in the mobilization reserve, you need to submit documents to the military commissariat. The decision to admit a person to the composition takes one month. If the candidate meets all the requirements, the commander writes out an order with which the soldier is redirected to the military unit.

After the contract is signed, the reservist undergoes certification and passes the qualification exam. The exam is held at least once every three years, certification - a quarter before the end of the contract.

Purpose of the mobilization reserve

While in reserve, each soldier has a position and rank. The person must participate in mobilization procedures, as well as in combat training.

Fees are held no more than two months, the time in stock is one year.

The mobilization reserve will be used during the retraining of personnel and planned training sessions, for mobilization in the face of threats of hostilities. The fighters have experience and skill in the exercise setting. Conscripts are not suitable for this role.

The main goal of creating a mobilization reserve, if necessary, to increase the army in a very short time. In addition to mobilization, individuals can participate during a crisis.

Who is considered a reservist?

Soldiers who are in the reserve and the military who have entered into a contract with the defense departments are obliged to take part in military training once a year and attend special mobilization events.

The state pays cash benefits and compensations during the passage. The reservists also include former members of the security service and foreign intelligence.

Persons in the reserve can get into the ranks of the reservists at their own request.

The issue of the mobilization reserve does not affect conscripts. The contract for soldiers in the mobilization reserve is for a period of three years. The validity period can be extended up to five years.

Who can a contract be signed with?

• Major Lieutenant Colonels;
• Privates;
• Warrant officers;
• Warrant officers;
• Sailors.

The age limit is up to 57 years, for each title its own border is established. Those military men who have not expressed a desire to become part of the mobilization reserve end up in the mobilization resource.

Requirements for candidates:

1. Suitability category A;
2. Suitability category B (minor restrictions);
3. Military service;
4. Age up to 57 years.

The military commissariat is in charge of enrollment in the mobilization reserve. He selects citizens who are in the reserve to conclude an agreement on enrollment in the reserve. The contract is valid for three to five years. Persons who have entered into a contract, during the period of service, receive payments in the amount of 30 thousand rubles or more. For example, a private in stock has the following compensations:

• Payments related to military fees - 30 thousand rubles per month;
• Payment of travel to the place of the conclusion of the contract and the passage of fees;
• Monthly payments.

Do reservists have a salary?

The reservists are paid money every month. What belongs to them?

1. Salary;
2. Funds for permanent stay in the mobilization reserve;
3. District coefficient;
4. Supplement for stays in certain areas.

The amount of payments depends on the period of the contract and other factors. When the contract is drawn up, the disbursed funds are added to the lump sum payments. The size of the monthly salary is not less than ten percent of the payment by position and rank.

In addition to cash, each reservist receives:

• Meals for the duration of the service;
• Clothing set.

Also, the training includes various kinds of free education.

The size of the mobilization reserve of the RF Armed Forces

The mobilization reserve was created in 2015. The composition of the train is carried out territorially. The reservist will have to serve near the place of residence.

The size of the reserve is not known and is not disclosed to a wide audience. The forces of the mobilization reserve will be actively used in emergency situations, during the period of large-scale exercises and during the war. In order to maintain combat effectiveness, soldiers periodically go to training in divisions or brigades. The reserves are studying new types of equipment and weapons.

In addition, storerooms can voluntarily join the mobilization reserve. Before dismissing a soldier, he is offered a contract, the provisions of which provides for the return to duty. Military commissariats are also involved in the collection of contract reservists. Officers can also become a full-time storekeeper.

Removal from the reserve

The expulsion from the mobilization staff can occur for various reasons.

The main one, of course, is the end of the contract, as well as:

1. Age limit;
2. Deprivation of titles;
3. Badness;
4. Limited suitability based on a medical commission;
5. Obtaining foreign citizenship;
6. Withdrawal from Russian Citizenship;
7. The emergence of other reasons for the postponement of service.

Reasons for exclusion from the reserve until the end of the contract period:

• Carrying out activities in a regular mode;
• Failure to comply with the provisions of the contract;
• Denial of admission to state secrets;
• Deprivation of access to state secrets;
• Service in the prosecutor's office, the judiciary, as a judge or in the work of an investigative committee.

A citizen is excluded from their reserve urgently or if he expresses his own desire. Sometimes a person must reimburse a certain amount of money that was spent on the maintenance, operation of equipment, material supplies, payment to the commander. A fixed amount is calculated, the final value is determined after calculation using special formulas.

An exception is made upon deprivation of rank, non-fulfillment of the contract, deprivation of admission to state secrets, and the entry into force of a court sentence on punishment.

Citizens who are in reserve or dismissed from service have the opportunity to join the mobilization reserve for two years. Members of the reserves are involved in the course of military training according to the plans for the preparation of military units and formations, during mobilization, during the outbreak of hostilities.

I work as a personnel officer at a car company. There are mostly men in the team, most of us are on the military record. Two young drivers plan to apply to the military registration and enlistment office in order to conclude a contract with the Ministry of Defense on stay in the mobilization manpower reserve. This is the first time I come across such a situation. Please tell us if the conclusion of this contract will somehow affect the work of employees? Is something required from HR officers? What documents will have to be drawn up and how long can the procedure take?

In order to answer your question, first of all, you need to understand what a stock is and what types of stock are established.

In accordance with Art. 51.2 of the Federal Law of 28.03.1998 No. 53-FZ "On conscription and military service" (hereinafter - the Law on Military Obligation) mobilization reserve of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the RF Armed Forces) created to staff formations, military units for the period of mobilization deployment.

The stock consists of:

1. Mobilization human reserve.

Mobilization human reserve (hereinafter - reserve)- Citizens who are in reserve and have entered into a contract in accordance with the established procedure for staying in the mobilization manpower reserve (hereinafter - the contract on stay in the reserve)... This concept was introduced on January 1, 2013 by Federal Law No. 288-FZ dated December 30, 2013.

2. Mobilization human resource.

Mobilization human resource - citizens who are in the reserve and are not part of the reserve.

Your employees who are in the reserve of the RF Armed Forces can enter the mobilization manpower reserves of the RF Armed Forces. This is done only on a voluntary basis by concluding a contract for staying in reserve. The procedure for entering the reserve, staying in it and expelling from it is determined by the Law on military service, other federal laws, as well as the Regulation on the procedure for staying citizens of the Russian Federation in the mobilization human reserve, which came into force on September 15, 2015, approved. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 03.09.2015 No. 933 (hereinafter - the Regulation on stay in reserve), and other laws and regulations of the Russian Federation.

Our reference: the composition of the stock

Citizens in reserve are divided into three categories:

Note:

1. All female citizens in the reserve belong to the third category. Officers with military ranks remain in reserve until they reach 50 years of age, the rest - up to 45 years.
2. Age set September 30, 2014

The admission and stay of an employee in the mobilization manpower reserve can be divided into several stages, in each of which the employer is also involved in one way or another.

Stage 1. Submission by the employee of an application about the desire to conclude a contract on stay in the mobilization manpower reserve

An employee who has expressed a desire to conclude a contract independently submits an application to the department for the municipal formation of the military commissariat of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation (hereinafter - the department of the military registration and enlistment office), where he is in the military register, or in a military unit (clause 9 of the Regulations on staying in reserve)... Together with the application, the citizen presents a document proving his identity and Russian citizenship, as well as other documents established by the Regulations on stay in reserve.

Please note that two of the documents submitted by the employee to the military registration and enlistment office must be drawn up by you (the employer). This is a copy of the work book and the service description from the last place of work.

Document 1. A copy of the work book.

An employee responsible in your organization for maintaining work books, based on a written application from the employee (example 1) must issue a copy of his work book. Deadline - no later than three working days from the date of submission of the application (Clause 7 of the Rules for maintaining and storing work books, approved by the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 04.16.2003 No. 225)... In the same application, the employee can indicate the need to issue a service profile.

Example 1. Application for the issuance of a copy of the work record book and service characteristics

How to make a copy of a work record book?

Step 1. Make photocopies of each sheet of the original work book, including the title and back side of the first sheet of the cover, on which certifying records of the changes and additions made can be made.

Step 2. The sheets should be numbered, stitched and sealed with the seal of the organization.

Step 3. On the first sheet, make the inscription "Copy", and on the last one, put:

• confirmation inscription "True";
• the position of the person who certified the copy;
• decryption of the signature (initials, surname);
• date of certification (Clause 3.26 GOST R 6.30-2003 "Unified system of organizational and administrative documents. Requirements for paperwork", approved by the decree of the Gosstandart of Russia dated 03.03.2003 No. 65-st).

Example:

Document 2. Service characteristic.

This is an official document containing a review of the official, scientific and other activities of an employee, including an assessment of his business, psychological and moral qualities.

The service description is written on the letterhead of the organization (institution) in any form from a third party. Its text, as a rule, is drawn up by the head of the structural unit (immediate superior), and approved by the head of the organization, affixing his signature with a seal (example 2).

Usually, three parts are conventionally distinguished in the text of a service characteristic:

1. surname, name and patronymic of the employee, date and place of birth; information about education (where, when and what educational institutions he graduated from, academic degree and title); the composition of the reserve (military rank of the reserve); the position held at the time of writing the characteristics and the date of appointment to it; other positions in the organization and other personal data;
2. assessment of professional skills and competence; business (for a manager) and personal qualities; work experience and practical skills; working capacity; completeness and quality of performance of official duties; the ability to organize personal working time and adapt to innovations; psychological qualities, relationships with colleagues and clients, etc .;
3. conclusions and purpose of characteristics.

Example 2. Service characteristics for admission to the mobilization manpower reserve

In the same time...

... an employee's disagreement with the content of a job description cannot be the subject of an individual labor dispute, since it does not affect the application of labor legislation and other regulatory legal acts containing labor law norms.

At the same time, an employee who regards the information contained in the service description as discrediting his honor and dignity or business reputation, has the right to apply to the court with a corresponding statement of claim. The dissemination of information discrediting the honor and dignity of citizens or the business reputation of citizens and legal entities means the publication of such information in the press, broadcast on radio and television, demonstration in newsreel programs and other media, distribution on the Internet, as well as using other means of telecommunication communications, presentation in service characteristics, public speeches, statements addressed to officials, or communication in one form or another (including oral) to at least one person.

The communication of such information to the person whom they concern cannot be recognized as the dissemination of such information, if the person who reported them has taken sufficient confidentiality measures so that this information does not become known to third parties. (paragraph 2, clause 7 of the resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of February 24, 2005 No. 3 "On judicial practice in cases of protecting the honor and dignity of citizens, as well as the business reputation of citizens and legal entities").

Stage 2. Passing a medical examination and a commission for the selection of candidates for the mobilization manpower reserve

With a positive consideration of the application in the department of the military registration and enlistment office, the employee will be sent for a medical examination and a commission for the selection of candidates for the reserve (hereinafter - selection commission)... A medical examination and a commission of an employee, as a rule, takes place in the premises of the military registration and enlistment office, where he is summoned. It can be handed over both by employees of the military registration and enlistment office department, and by the employer on behalf of the military registration and enlistment office (Subclause "g" of clause 32 of the Regulations on military registration, approved by the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 27, 2006 No. 719).

At the time of medical examination and passing the selection commission, employees are released from work while retaining their place of permanent work and payment of average earnings. They are reimbursed for expenses related to the rent (sublease) of housing and payment of travel from the place of residence (work) and back, as well as travel expenses (Clause 1 of Art. 7 of the Law on Military Obligation).

At the same time, military transport documents for travel to the place of conclusion of the contract are provided to the candidate only once during the period of stay in the reserve.

To comply with these guarantees, you must, on the basis of a summons, issue an order on the release of an employee from work while retaining his place and reimbursement of expenses in accordance with the Rules for compensation of expenses incurred by organizations and citizens of the Russian Federation in connection with the implementation of the Federal Law "On Military Duty and Military Service" , approved Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 01.12.2004 No. 704 (hereinafter - the Rules for compensation of expenses) (example 3). In such an order, the employer gives the heads of structural divisions instructions to fulfill the requirements of labor legislation.

Example 3. Order on release from work with preservation of the place of permanent work

Stage 3. Conclusion by the employee of a contract on stay in the mobilization manpower reserve

An employee, recognized by the selection committee as meeting the requirements for enrollment in the reserve, will be sent to a military unit to conclude a contract on the basis of an order from the recruiting office.

The first contract is concluded for three years. A new contract can be concluded for three years, five years, or for the period until the age limit for stay in reserve (reserve of the second category).

For the duration of the duties associated with the conclusion of the contract, the employee is released from work with the retention of his place and the payment of average earnings. He is reimbursed for expenses related to renting housing and traveling.

The department of the military registration and enlistment office provides the candidate with military transport documents to the point of destination and back. Based on the order of the military registration and enlistment office (by analogy with the order in example 3) the employer issues an order.

And what will it be?

The employer is obliged to notify employees about calls (summons) to the military registration and enlistment office and to ensure the possibility of their timely appearance at the place indicated by the military registration and enlistment office, including during the period of mobilization.

Failure to notify employees by the head or other official of the organization responsible for military registration work about summoning them to the military registration and enlistment office on a summons, as well as failure to provide them with the possibility of timely appearance on call on the summons of the military registration and enlistment office entails the imposition of an administrative fine in the amount of 500 to 1000 rubles. (Article 21.2 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation).

Stage 4. Involvement of a reservist in certification, passing a qualifying exam and military training

While in the reserve, an employee can be involved in certification, passing a qualifying exam and military training. Certification is carried out in order to comprehensively and objectively assess the reservist, determine his purpose, suit the military position and the prospects for further stay in the reserve. The reservist is certified three months before the expiration of the term of stay in the reserve.

A qualification exam is held to make a decision on the assignment of a class qualification to a reservist in the relevant specialty. Reservists take such an exam as needed, but at least once every three years.

Please note: an employee has the right to apply for admission to the reserve directly to the military unit.

After considering the applicant's candidacy, the unit commander can send him for selection and paperwork to the department of the military registration and enlistment office, in which this employee is registered. A request is made for this citizen in the name of the head of the military enlistment office, which must be signed by the unit commander.

Then the candidate for reservists goes through all the established stages of admission to the reserve: consideration of the issue in the department of the military registration and enlistment office, medical examination, selection commission, conclusion of a contract. It should be borne in mind that the performance of the official duties of a reservist is carried out in accordance with the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, as well as with the official regulations.

You should know this

The expenses incurred by the organization in connection with the stay of their employees in the mobilization manpower reserve are compensated from the federal budget. To do this, you should contact the military registration and enlistment office

The reservist is obliged to appear at the military unit within the time period specified in the mobilization order, agenda and (or) order of the military commissariat to fulfill his duties for the corresponding military position.

Reservists are involved in activities for operational, mobilization and combat training during military training. The total duration of military training in which a reservist is involved may not exceed 24 months.

For all these periods, the employer issues an order according to the example 3 a form on the release of an employee from work while retaining his place and average salary, as well as on reimbursing him for other expenses (for renting housing, travel and business trips).

At the same time, all expenses incurred by the employer in connection with the stay of employees in the mobilization manpower reserve are compensated from the federal budget. To receive such compensation, you need to contact the military registration and enlistment office.

The employer also needs to know that employees who are in the reserve have the right to receive professional and additional professional education in military professional educational organizations or military higher education organizations without charging them a tuition fee. (Clause 5.2, Article 19 of the Federal Law of May 27, 1998 No. 76-FZ "On the Status of Servicemen").

Summary

The employer must:

• draw up the documents necessary for an employee to apply for a contract;
• provide guarantees and compensations stipulated by the legislation, including dismissal from work with retention of the position and payment of average earnings in certain periods, as well as with reimbursement of established expenses.

Photo: website

On July 17, President Putin signed Decree No. 370 "On the Creation of a Human Mobilization Reserve of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation"

The document is rather short, consisting of only four points, one of which, as indicated in the text, is “for official use”. That is, in other words, secret, not for public viewing.

Thus, Russia took another step towards creating a fully professional army. At present, about 50% of its strength is already made up of contract soldiers - 300 thousand privates and sergeants and 200 thousand officers. But this applies to the army "cadre", deployed, ready to start hostilities at any time.

However, in addition to the available Armed Forces, any country also has a mobilization reserve - used, in addition to the period of planned training and retraining of personnel, for mobilization in the event of a threat of the outbreak of war, in order to increase the number of armed defenders.

The reserve service also exists in Russia - actually founded from the moment of the army reforms of Emperor Alexander II, in the second half of the 19th century. During the Soviet era, the order of its organization was slightly changed, which made it possible to quickly create a powerful army during the Great Patriotic War to defeat Nazi Germany. Yes, and in the composition of the first divisions that entered Afghanistan in 1979, there were also many "storerooms", or, as they are also called, for a not very high level of discipline, "partisans."

Nevertheless, the reserve army, for example, in the United States is approximately equal in size to the available size of the Armed Forces. And it consists not of “green” newcomers, who have never been familiar with the army service before mobilization, but of veterans who have served, who for some reason did not want to continue their contract service.

If they wish, they sign another contract and become reservists. Attend regular military training, can be used by state governors in the "National Guard" - to fight riots or liquidate natural disasters; and the president for use in full-fledged military operations. So, a good half of the US military personnel in Iraq and Afghanistan are reservists.

The advantage of the “reserve fighters” over the traditional “partisans” first of the Soviet and then of the Russian times is understandable. Starting with motivation. In the church environment there is such a wonderful saying: "A slave is not a worshiper." Sociological services show an invariably high percentage of Russians who are ready to defend their homeland with arms in hand - but “civilian” for that and “civilian”, which thinks least of all about military affairs after everyday matters. Someone would be glad to go to training camps - but the “parking” at work, the need to “work hard” in order to quickly pay off the loan, all sorts of family circumstances, etc. interfere with this.

In addition, in order to create a truly combat-ready unit, it is necessary that its fighters are well acquainted with each other (at least within the framework of squads and crews), and have joint experience of working in a combat situation. At least - within the framework of the teachings. Ordinary “appointees” who appear in the army are good if every few years are not suitable for such a role.

The talent pool is a completely different matter.

67. A citizen in the reserve is subject to conscription for military training in accordance with Federal law.

The total duration of military training, to which a citizen is involved during his stay in reserve, cannot exceed 24 months.

That is, for privates-sergeants (the period of being in the reserve is up to 42 years) - this turns out to be at least a month or two during each year. And this is a completely different matter in terms of the effectiveness of training and real combat readiness.

It is clear that in order for people, even those who are very patriotic, to make such sacrifices, refusing the usual comfort of a “citizen”, to be ready to appear in their military units within 3 days without any “excuses”, they need to somehow financially compensate.

An employee called up for military training must be released from work and paid compensation for the time of the training, based on the average monthly earnings. But these expenses must be reimbursed to the employer at the expense of the federal budget.

How much will Russian reservists actually receive? An exact answer to this question will probably be difficult, given the discrepancy in the assessments of experts and specialists from relevant departments. So, according to calculations 4 years ago, the monthly salary of a reservist officer without allowances was supposed to be about 14 thousand rubles a month, a private - 8-10 thousand. Not so much, of course - but taking into account the “living wage” of 10 thousand rubles, you won't die of hunger, even if you are completely without “civilian” work. Well, having it - and even more so. So after all, the service does not go all the time - but, according to the student analogy, "in-person and in absentia."

Now the figures are called somewhat more modest - 5-8 thousand rubles. With estimates of the total costs of the "experiment": in 2015 - 288.3 million rubles, and in 2016 - 324.9 million. And the very number of real "reservists" is so far assumed to be only a few thousand people.

In general, if we use only official information, then the process of transferring Russian “storekeepers” to professional rails should not cause “beating the timpani,” but much less bravura assessments. Well, in fact, how long can you “pound water in a mortar” - talking about creating full-fledged “reserve armies”, and in the end, having only an “experimental” desire to form 5 thousand “elite reservists”, which will not be enough to form even a full-fledged division ?!

And how long can you write Decrees and pass laws? The very first Decree on this very “experiment” was issued back in May 2012, then the corresponding Law followed, and now it turns out that the new Decree only “rewrote” an older document three years ago? And this in a situation where Russia's “best friends” from the West, led by the United States, are increasingly “rattling weapons” near our borders? Isn't it time to end with “experimentation” - moving on to the implementation of the necessary undertaking on the really necessary scale?

But who knows, maybe such criticism will not be entirely justified? Some observers are already drawing attention to the fact that no specific figures - neither on the allocations for the creation of a mobilization reserve, nor on its specific number, are given in the documents available for general observation. And the “preliminary assessments” of even the Duma politicians - well, they are politicians, not government financiers and generals of the Ministry of Defense.

Foreign analysts have already started sounding the alarm - unable to understand. According to their estimates, at least 25% of the defense “pie” in the Russian Federation comes from nowhere. That is, one can only guess about their exact origin and potential size of resources.

So to sprinkle ashes on your head in advance, comparing the American figures for the maintenance of contract reservists (10% of the Pentagon's budget) and the measly several hundred million rubles in Russia, according to Duma experts, is probably not worth it. After all, human resources are an even more important factor in the successful conduct of a potential war than military equipment. And who is surprised if the data on the exact number of many types of weapons are kept in secret?

So let NATO continue to think that the Russian army will be able to deploy only 5 thousand well-trained reservists in the hypothetical “hour H”. A very unpleasant surprise may turn out for them - when the whole previously "secret" divisions and armies, ready to repulse any aggressor on the orders of the command, are discovered in this way.

In chapter

At the end of November, Russia started talking about creating a human reserve in case of a global war. The head of the Main Organizational and Mobilization Directorate (GOMU) of the Russian Ministry of Defense, Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the RF Armed Forces Vasily Smirnov said that in the near future it is planned to create an institute of contract soldiers-reservists. The general said that at present, the issue of changing the concept of training citizens in the reserve is being actively worked out, and at the same time a new training system for "reserve personnel" is being created. How things are today with the mobilization reserve in the Russian army, how realistic are the plans of the military to create a new institute of reservists, the correspondent of "Nasha Versiya" sorted out.

According to the new plans, servicemen who have completed conscription and signed a contract on further service in the reserve will be able to become reservists. The services of "reserves" will be needed in the event of a war, when the reservists will have to quickly replenish the regular army. It is planned that reserve soldiers will receive money for their readiness to immediately defend their homeland in peacetime.

According to the forecasts of representatives of the Ministry of Defense, this institute will begin to operate in 2016. Amendments to the relevant regulations are now being prepared. According to optimistic experts, the creation of the institute of reservists will not only resolve the issue of mobilization, but may also serve as an impetus for abandoning the draft system. And the problems with mobilization readiness are serious today - more than a year ago, the Ministry of Defense reduced the number of military commissariats in Russia by more than 20 times. Thus, the old system of mobilization was practically buried, which was completely tied to the work of these bodies of local military administration. At the same time, nothing new was created. As a result, according to experts, after the completion of the next reform, our army will be unable to ensure the country's defense in the event of a serious war, even on its own territory. This is based on the experience of recent military conflicts, which clearly shows that today no army in the world has sufficient potential to wage serious wars only with personnel.

The military understands this too. It is no coincidence that, in addition to permanent readiness units, more than 60 brigade storage bases were created. According to the idea, these bases will be storage facilities for military equipment, clothing, weapons and ammunition are stored nearby in the district warehouses. During the mobilization period, such bases will be deployed to wartime states at the expense of the mobilization reserve. Where this reserve will suddenly appear from is still unclear.

Experts believe that Retired Colonel Yevgeny Agafonov, a participant in such exercises, shared with Nasha Versiya his impressions of these events: “It seemed that everything was done for show, it was supposed to conduct training sessions - they imitated their conduct. True, no one really knew what to do with the reservists. At best, adults who were torn away from work and families were "loaded" with political studies, the situation was even more aggravated during the collapse of the army, when such gatherings turned into gatherings that turned into mass drinking bouts. One way or another, the reservists returned home without strengthening their military training. At the same time, millions of state rubles were senselessly spent on carrying out such maneuvers. "

The last time a major mobilization exercise was held in Russia was in 2008, as part of the Stability-2008 command-staff exercise. Then, as the military said, for the first time in the post-Soviet period, a whole unit was deployed due to the call of reservists. For the deployment of the tank division, 10 thousand people were called up, mainly from the Perm Territory. Then the tankers even made a march from Perm to the Totsky training ground near Orenburg. The exercises were officially recognized as successful. However, it remained behind the scenes that the division had been forming for almost three months, and such agility for modern wars, to put it mildly, is insufficient. Also, nothing was mentioned about the funds spent and the titanic efforts of the military enlistment offices, who for several months, day and night, literally at the entrances caught reservists. Nothing was reported about the level of training of reservists. As we managed to find out, such storekeepers who did not take up arms, did not sit at the levers of tanks for several decades, participated in the training camp. Not surprisingly, after a "successful" exercise, this division ceased to exist.

In the course of the current reform, new ideas on how to revive the mobilization system appear regularly. Initially, high-ranking generals announced plans to form the institution of a personnel reserve from among the young officers who were laid off, who did not have time to earn a pension and receive other social guarantees from the state. There were about 60 thousand of them. However, these plans were soon forgotten. Today, a unique situation has developed in the Ministry of Defense when the role of the personnel reserve is actually performed by the officers who are being dismissed as a result of the military reform. The so-called zashtatniki, whom the Ministry of Defense cannot dismiss due to lack of housing. These servicemen receive part of the salary, while they are not assigned official duties, but in the event of war they will be obliged to take up arms. According to the most approximate data, today there are about 100 thousand of them in the Ministry of Defense.

According to experts, the institute of contract servicemen-reservists, which the military propose to create in 2016, is a direct copy of the American "first-level reserve". In America, retired officers and specialists of the branches of the armed forces train once a year for a month as part of their reserve units and units of the National Guard. Plus, they take part in major exercises twice a year for two weeks. For this they are paid money and provided with all the benefits that are due to those who serve the state.

As the head of the analytical department of the Institute of Political and Military Analysis Alexander Khramchikhin told Nasha Versiya, today there are more questions than answers in the situation with the creation of the institute of contract servicemen-reservists in the Russian army. An attempt to copy the American system is likely to crash into Russian reality, since it requires strict control over the funds allocated for the maintenance of reservists and a responsible approach to their training. In addition, this system is not the most effective today, even among the Americans themselves, it is malfunctioning, which was clearly shown by the war in Iraq, where the regular units were head and shoulders above the reserve ones. For Russia, the principle of the Swiss militia army is more suitable, a significant part of which is made up of trained reservists - former conscripts who are annually called up to collect from the reserve. Or a close, in fact, Israeli version, where after the end of regular service, all privates and officers are called up annually for reserve training for up to 45 days, the expert said. As a result, the Israeli army has at its disposal 445 thousand people, ready at any moment to complete any combat mission together with personnel units.

It is not yet known on what specific principle the institute of contract servicemen-reservists will be created in Russia, but it is obvious that, since the Russian military leadership plans to purchase the most modern weapons and equipment in the coming years, reservists should also match it. This automatically puts forward higher requirements for their training, now their training should not be carried out from time to time, but regular training and exercises are required. Military experts have calculated that the approximate cost of maintaining contract reservists will amount to 1-1.5 billion rubles a year. This is the minimum amount that will keep them in good shape and prevent them from losing their qualifications. As a result, these funds will ensure the deployment of a mobilization reserve of 100 to 200 thousand in the event of war. At the same time, in peacetime, the reserve military should receive stimulating payments of at least 8-10 thousand per month.

However, there is no certainty that this state of affairs will suit everyone, for example, employers, because the reservist will be obliged to disappear from his workplace several times a year, and it is not a fact that they will not try to fire such an employee at the first opportunity.

The military department is seriously concerned about the country's mobilization capabilities. Vasily Smirnov, Deputy Chief of the General Staff, said that the Defense Ministry has developed a bill that will fundamentally change the system of staying Russian citizens in reserve.

The generals are in no hurry to publish their proposals in detail. But it is known that we are talking about the creation in Russia of an absolutely new structure - a mobilization reserve. Relatively speaking, this will be the second front that the army command will call under their banners during a war, major exercises or emergencies. In addition, units may appear in the Armed Forces, where former conscripts will serve on a temporary basis.

The military are not going to forcibly drive them into the barracks, nor are they going to take them away from home and work for a long time. The bill provides for the voluntary entry of storerooms into the reserve army. It might look like this. Before leaving the army, the commander will offer the demobilized conscript to sign a contract, according to which yesterday's fighter undertakes to return to duty from time to time.

To motivate a person to serve in the reserve, the Ministry of Defense will pay a certain amount to the reserve every month. How much - the generals have not yet specified. The main thing is that they want to replenish the storage wallet, regardless of whether it is working at the moment or is in a military unit.

The size of the army remuneration and the duration of the contract, apparently, will depend on the military specialty and qualifications of the reservist. People with scarce professions in the troops, for example, operators of air defense missile systems, will probably get more. Repairers or drivers are likely to be smaller. But the latter will not have to leave the family for a long time for army retraining. It is still easier to master the steering wheel of a new military truck or armored personnel carrier than to delve into the intricacies of the electronic brain of the air defense system. It is possible that with some categories of former soldiers, it will not be necessary to conclude a contract at all. Why pay money to an ordinary shooter, if his fire and tactical skills are easy to restore at a short-term military training.

Considering that "technological" positions in the troops will soon be occupied by professional soldiers, the military enlistment offices will be engaged in recruiting their civilian substitutes for service in the reserve. There are only a few successful businessmen and rich people in our reserve army. Therefore, the generals hope that the material interest and traditionally benevolent attitude towards the army of yesterday's soldiers will force a considerable number of experienced military experts to respond to the initiative of the Ministry of Defense. They plan to call them for retraining only once a year. So the reservists are not in danger of losing their jobs. Moreover, according to the current legislation, it is prohibited to dismiss such employees. This prohibition will probably remain in the new document. As well as the obligation of employers to pay subordinates who have temporarily left for the army an average monthly salary.

A fundamentally new moment in the life of reservists may be their temporary service at some facilities of the Ministry of Defense. They are not expected in ordinary garrisons. After the transfer of all military units to the permanent readiness category, divisions and brigades were fully staffed with conscripts and contract soldiers.

However, in some places, instead of reduced regiments, they left bases for storing weapons and military equipment. This arsenal will be used in the deployment of the Armed Forces in a threatening period. However, in order for armored vehicles to drive and fire after a long "hibernation", missiles took off into the air, and planes took to the sky, all this economy must be maintained in a combat-ready state. They want to assign this task to the reservists.

As Vasily Smirnov noted, in the staff of each storage base there are 6 military posts and several civilian ones. The General Staff does not see any sense in appointing military professionals there - they are needed in the line units. It is more expensive to equip the bases with recruits: the unskilled soldiers will only spoil the equipment. But keeping experienced reserve specialists on a rotational basis is the very thing.

Another mobilization innovation can be the involvement of former soldiers in eliminating the consequences of man-made disasters and natural disasters.

The leadership of the Ministry of Defense initially wanted to set out a fresh look at the organization of army service and the preparation of a mobilization reserve in two new laws - on military service and on conscription. However, the generals' desire to separate conscription and service issues did not find support. As a result, the State Duma will consider a single bill.

The formation of a reserve is a common practice in leading Western countries. Its staff in Germany, France, Great Britain and the United States exceeds the size of the armed forces. For example, in America, the role of the "second front" is played by the National Guard. In addition, the army and the air force have their own manpower reserves. In the Department of the Navy, the reserve is divided between the Marine Corps and the Coast Guard.

The Americans serve in the reserve voluntarily, necessarily signing a contract with the military.

Meanwhile

It is possible that the deputies will have questions about the mobilization initiatives of the General Staff. Moreover, among the legislators there are supporters of other options for the formation of a military reserve. Including - by the type of the Belarusian. The following scheme for preparing a "second front" has been practiced in this country for 6 years already. It is not former military personnel who are recruited there, but draft youth. It is enough for a person to write an application to the military registration and enlistment office with a detailed explanation of the reasons for the impossibility of doing regular service as a soldier. Then get a certificate of good health from the doctors. If the applicant's arguments in the commissariat are considered valid, he will be credited to the mobilization reserve. Service there takes place virtually without interruption from the main work. A conscript within a year, two or three years (the term depends on his education and level of military training) is called to study in a military specialty in one of the army units. Then comes the stage of a long stay in the reserve with occasional retraining at military training.

The layout looks attractive. However, there is a serious argument against its introduction into Russian practice. Neighbors introduced service in the reserve because of the surplus of conscripts who can be put in the current system. As you know, in our country, there are always not enough recruits.