Tiling a sauna stove. Interior decoration of the steam room and sink: how to decorate it, what options are there, examples with photos

During heating or using a bath, the surface of the stove becomes very hot; the temperature can reach 400 degrees or higher. In this case, the stove itself will be a source of strong radiation of infrared rays, which quickly spread throughout the entire area of the bathhouse and heat all its walls, but especially those located near the stove.

Due to the highly elevated temperature, the walls of the bathhouse made of wood may begin to char, which will subsequently lead to their fire. To insulate wooden walls and ceilings from fire, fire-retardant compounds or chemicals fire protection. The most effective way to protect bathhouse walls, including wooden ones, from heat is the method of shielding using non-combustible materials.

The distance between the stove and the nearby wall should be safe, that is, it should be enough so that infrared rays have less of an impact on the surface and a fire does not break out in the bathhouse.

SNiP III-G.11-62. Heating stoves, smoke and ventilation ducts of residential and public buildings. Rules for production and acceptance of work. File for download

The safe distance between the sauna stove and the walls is determined based on the standards fire safety SNiP III-G.11-62 for the operation of stoves installed in rooms with fire-prone walls or ceilings:

SNiP 2.04.05-91. Heating. Ventilation and air conditioning. File for download

Based on SNIP 2.04.05-91, a safe distance is established from the top of the stove to the ceiling:

with a ceiling that is protected steel sheet 10 mm thick, laid on asbestos cardboard or on plaster laid on steel mesh and covering the furnace with 3 rows of bricks - no less than 250 mm,
with a protected ceiling and a thermally insulated roof metal furnace, not less than 800 mm,
with an unprotected ceiling and a stove with an overlap of 2 rows of bricks - no less than 1 m.
with an unprotected ceiling and non-thermally insulated ceiling - no less than 1.2 m.

It is clear that a safe distance of 1 m between the stove and the wall can only be ensured in bathhouses with a large area. In private baths with a small area, every centimeter of usable space is saved, so the stoves are placed at a short distance from the walls, and to protect against heat, a brick screen is built or metal sheets are used as cladding, as well as other non-combustible materials that significantly reduce the permissible safe distance.

Protective screens

Bath walls are usually protected from thermal infrared radiation by protective screens. Brickwork or metal shields together with insulating materials are used as such screens. Protection is installed on side surfaces sauna heaters and/or onto nearby surfaces.

Metal protective screen

Most often in private baths for protection interior partitions to protect against high temperature and fire, an ordinary barrier is installed, constructed from metal sheets, which are installed near the stove (a five-centimeter gap is left between the surfaces of the casing and the stove). Metal screens are mainly available on the side or front. A protective screen made of any metal significantly reduces the thermal impact of the stove on the surface of the walls. Thanks to such metal protection, the temperature near the wall decreases, thereby significantly reducing the safe distance.

Technical characteristics of Teplodar screens and installation diagram

Metal screens can be installed on legs using anchor bolts for fastening the structure to the floor. Commercially available metal reflective screens are already equipped with mounting frames for vertical fixation.

Installed protective screen - photo

Oven with a metal protective screen - photo

Protective screen made of red stove brick

Brick barriers often cover the side surfaces of the stove, making outer skin like a casing. In this way, the separation of combustible surfaces and the hot heating device is carried out.

Protective brick screen - diagram and photo

Since ancient times, there has been a tradition of building stoves from brick or stone. This design took a long time to heat up, but at the same time radiated soft heat, and subsequently cooled down for a long time. Modern metal stoves heat up quickly, emit hard infrared radiation, and the red-hot walls of the stove burn out the oxygen in the bathhouse. In addition, a metal stove is more fire hazardous. In view of these aspects, we can conclude that it is advisable to combine stone or brickwork with steel structures.

Brick screen for a metal stove – photo

For construction protective casing Solid fireclay brick works well. A mixture of cement or mixed with refractory clay will serve as a good binder for it. The masonry-screen made of fireclay bricks, according to the value of the safe distance, is made with a thickness of about 12 cm (0.5 bricks) or 6.5 cm (0.25, respectively). However, expensive fireclay bricks are very rarely used in private baths to protect wooden walls; most often, preference is given to red stove bricks.

Before finishing (lining) a metal stove with red stove brick First the foundation is built.

It is imperative to take into account: if the stove is located not far from the load-bearing wall, then there must be a distance of at least 5 cm between the foundation of the stove and the foundation of the building. So that these two foundations are not connected in any way, and the heat from the steam room is not lost, they lay thermal insulation material.

The foundation surface should be 15-20 cm below the level of the finished floor of the bathhouse. After installing the foundation (it needs to be allowed to dry for 30 days), moisture-proofing material - roofing felt or roofing felt - is laid on it in 2 layers. Then, bricks are laid on the clay-cement mortar in 2 rows, shifting the bricks among themselves so that the seams of the masonry are covered by the brick lying on top.

At this point, the work on arranging the foundation is completed.

A heat-protective base should be made on top of the foundation, consisting of:

a sheet of metal fixed on top of a layer of heat-insulating material;
two rows of bricks laid on a wooden floor;
heat-resistant ceramic tiles.

Before covering an iron stove with bricks, you need to prepare the required mortar for laying. The best option for brickwork around a metal stove would be simple clay mortar(raw materials should be mined at a depth of more than two meters) with sand. The kneading process is not complicated. The clay is first soaked, then the already soaked clay is thoroughly rubbed through a sieve. The sand is sifted and mixed with soaked clay. The viscosity and plasticity of the mortar must be such that it does not squeeze out of the seams during laying. You can add 5-10% cement to the solution for strength.

The foundation of the protective screen can be made in a quarter of a brick, be sure to leave small holes in its lower part and in the middle part - special windows that create air circulation between the brick screen and the installed stove (sometimes they are equipped with combustion doors). In this case, the bath will heat up very quickly.

It is best to line the stove with half a brick. If the screen is made of brick, it will take a very long time to warm up.

Attention! It is very important to take into account the fire safety requirement - the distance between the walls of the metal stove and the brickwork should be 3 - 10 cm. In order for the brick screen to be more durable, reinforcing mesh must be laid through the row, or possibly in each row. The verticality of the corners should be checked with a plumb line, and the laying of the rows building level check for horizontalness.

The brick screen can be laid all the way to the ceiling. The main condition is that its height must be at least 20 cm greater than the height of the stove.

For more reliable protection wooden walls from high temperatures, the permissible distance between the wall and the constructed brick screen is established. It should be less than 15 cm, but more than 5 cm, while the distance from the stove to any of the walls can be 20 - 40 cm.

Prices for protective screens

oven protection screen

Non-combustible lining

To protect walls from a hot stove, sheathing consisting of various special thermal insulation materials is often used.

Stainless reflective lining

Special non-flammable thermal insulation or protective sheathing consists of stainless steel sheets that perfectly protect the wooden surface of walls in private baths from fires. To construct such a simple screen, first a heat-insulating material is attached to the wall, and only then a stainless steel sheet is attached on top.

To increase the efficiency of the cladding, it is advisable to polish the stainless metal sheet well to a mirror shine. The mirror surface of stainless steel significantly improves the reflection of heat rays emanating from the stove, preventing the wooden walls from heating up. In addition, by redirecting hard infrared rays back, the mirror stainless metal will turn them into soft and safe for people to perceive.

Metal screens for a bathhouse are easy to make with your own hands. The main thing is not to forget about using a heat insulator between the wall and the sheet of metal (minerite or asbestos cardboard will do)

Cladding with cladding

Mirror stainless steel cladding looks beautiful and perfectly protects the walls from fire, however, in some cases it may not be appropriate in a bathhouse and over time the mirror surface will become matte, will not be able to reflect the rays efficiently and will not look as beautiful as it originally did. Heat-resistant cladding will help solve the design problem in the bathhouse for many years; heat-resistant adhesive is used to lay it on the brick lining.

For cladding walls located next to the stove, you can use the following heat-resistant materials:

Attention! Any tile that is used for wall cladding will not be able to provide complete thermal insulation; it is only one of the components in a protective structure consisting of a fire-resistant material and a small (2-3 cm) ventilation gap between this fire-resistant material and the wall.

As a fire-resistant material, you can also use a board made of fire-resistant plasterboard, or from fiberglass, which will not be deformed under the influence of heat, from a fireproof cement-fiber board - mineralite, or from a special tile material– glass magnesium sheet.

Of course, the most the best option Wooden wall cladding is brick cladding. With such protection of the walls from high temperatures, the stove can be placed almost close to the wall. However, it is not always possible to use new, even bricks for masonry and lay beautiful masonry around the stove. Sometimes a previously used brick is chosen for a protective screen in order to further refine it with a beautiful material.

Prices for soapstone tiles

soapstone tiles

Cladding a brick screen - step-by-step instructions

Improve and make it more aesthetically pleasing appearance Any brickwork can be built using a fireproof and durable natural material.

Terracotta tiles, also called “terracotta” for short, are a very heat-resistant ceramic product made from kaolin clay fired at a temperature of about 1000 degrees. This wonderful material is absolutely non-flammable, it does not change its properties even from high (up to 1300 degrees) and low (up to -25 degrees) temperatures, and does not change its beautiful appearance from the action of water or sunlight.

To finish a brick protective fence, you will need heat-resistant materials “Terracotta”: glue, paste, as well as finishing grout, which will fill the seams.

You will also need a sheet of drywall (choose 9.5 mm gypsum board) to space the slabs, which must first be cut into small squares.

Tools. We stock the following accessories:

You need to dilute it with water in a bucket in advance and knead it with a mixer, it’s convenient and very reliable in terms of fire safety reinforced adhesive mixture “Terracotta”.

Initially, bricks for the screen are laid around the stove in a classic dressing, carefully removing excess mortar.

Attention! After finishing laying the rough wall, you must wait 24 hours for the masonry to dry and gain initial strength.

Prices for Terracotta glue

terracotta

Terracotta flagstone “Classic” is a stone amazing in its unique beauty. It looks very rich and massive.

It can be easily sawed using diamond wheel or split it with a hammer and then, spread a thick layer of “Terracotta” mastic on it, stick it on the brickwork. Terracotta flagstone is heavier than terracotta tiles, but much lighter than natural stone.

When facing with flagstone, cut squares of plasterboard are used as the distance between the tiles and to stop the movement of the tiles. The rough chipped edge of the flagstone will not allow a 10 mm gap to be maintained everywhere, and this will further give the stone cladding a feeling of naturalness.

Having brought the process of stylizing the wall under wild stone to perfection, you can move on to tiling. You need to lay rectangular terracotta tiles on brick, starting with the laying of corner elements, thanks to which the decorative cladding will look like classic stove masonry.

Corner elements must be glued from bottom to top, while the horizontal corners must be aligned only by level.

Attention! For gluing and setting of Terracotta mastic, at least 10 hours or more must pass.

After the mastic has dried, you need to remove the plasterboard squares inserted as fasteners and begin first filling and then opening the seams between the slabs.

For this work, you will need a heat-resistant wide-joint grout, which is a unique white composition designed for filling joints between slabs of different decorative surfaces, which may be subject to severe exposure to elevated temperatures.

The grout must be filled with water and stirred with a mixer to obtain a homogeneous solution, similar in consistency to thick sour cream.

Attention! The time to use the grout solution is about 1 hour.

It is necessary to fill the tile joints using a construction gun, the nozzle of which must be cut off obliquely so that an oblong hole is formed.

The gun tube is filled with the prepared grout solution using a narrow spatula.

Then, carefully inserting the nozzle, you should, smoothly and with low intensity, moving the construction gun along the length of the seams, squeeze out the grout and fill the seams so that the level of the filled grout is aligned with the level of the tiles. The joints between the slabs can be filled either vertically or horizontally.

Attention! Special grout for seams should not get on the front surface of the finish. If it happens that the mixture does end up on decorative cladding, then you should not immediately remove the composition, but wait at least 2 hours until it hardens a little and then the contaminating fragment can be easily removed. The dried mixture must not be removed from the slabs in a tangential direction or smeared.

After completing all the work on filling the joints, the grout will “ripen”, acquiring molded pliability or slight crumbling after 2 hours. After this time, you can confidently proceed to the final part - the process of distributing the frozen grout and leveling it in the tile joints - decorative jointing, the purpose of which is to give the surface being decorated an attractive appearance.

To begin with, from the seams, using a simple flat screwdriver, transversely recessed into the seam, it is necessary to remove the excess amount of grout, slowly maintaining a constant depth. For removing overweight grout, you can also use a metal ring of small diameter, with which you can evenly remove the grout, like shavings.

Distribution and leveling of the composition with a tool - grouting

The remaining grout in the joint can be carefully distributed with light pressure from a gloved finger, giving the grout the appearance of a smooth surface without depressions or roughness.

The work on lining the thermal barrier of the brick walls has been completed.

The first heating of the stove in the bathhouse can be started only 24 hours after all necessary work with grout between tiles.

Video - Heat-resistant screens for sauna stoves. Part 1

Video - Heat-resistant screens for sauna stoves. Part 2

Video - Installing a sauna stove with a protective screen

Video - Protecting bathhouse walls with terracotta tiles

Video - Protecting wooden bath walls from heat

What is the significance of a bathhouse for a Russian person? This is not just a place to wash. This is a place where a person relaxes and can allow himself to relax. We can say that the bathhouse is one of our favorite places to relax. Finishing the stove in the bathhouse is not the least important.

The heart of the bathhouse

What is the heart, the basis of any bath? Steam and high temperature are important in the bath. To achieve them, you need to build a furnace. It is this that is the key element of the entire bath complex.

Very important Special attention ensure that the sauna stove meets the following requirements:

high temperature resistance;
possibility of long-term continuous operation;
quick heating of the room.

When building a stove, you should pay special attention to the materials for its manufacture. Everything will depend on their quality further work baths

What could the cladding be like?

The stove in the bathhouse should not only provide maximum level warmth, but also have an aesthetic appearance. Maybe, the best solution there will be a furnace lining.

Furnace finishing can be done using the following materials:

Tile.
Brick.
A natural stone.
Fake diamond.
Steel case.
Tiles.

Each of the presented materials has its own characteristics and characteristics.

Tile

This type material is one of the most popular due to its affordable cost and ease of installation.

The lining of the stove in the bathhouse can be made with the following types of tiles:

Clinker tiles. It is made from clay with the addition of energy melters, dye and fireclay.
Majolica tiles. It is a pressed material covered special composition(glaze). This type of tile has a bright and saturated color. Patterns and ornaments are also often applied to the tiles.
Terracotta tiles. Its composition is similar to Majolica. However, this type of tile does not have a special glaze coating. Is different high level strength. This type of tile is more porous in its composition than others. The shape of the tile is round. Which creates a cozy atmosphere in the room.
Marble tiles. It is characterized by durability and strength. The appearance is quite noble. Creates the effect of comfort in the room. This type of tile has no disadvantages.

Brick

The most economical and easiest to implement option for finishing a sauna stove. A brick-lined stove has the following advantages:

heating speed;
retaining heat for a long time;
the oven does not collapse under the influence of moisture.

Also, using brick as facing material, you can save significant financial resources.

Stone

The main advantage of lining a sauna stove with stone (natural or artificial) is its noble and aesthetic appearance. A bathhouse, the stove of which is lined with stone, can rightfully be considered a top-class building.

The following types of natural and artificial stones can be used as facing materials:

porcelain stoneware;
coil;
granite;
marble.

Using a steel case

This type of cladding is an installation metal frame onto the surface of the furnace and covering it with steel shields.

The steel case retains heat well and provides an optimal heating level. However, this type of cladding is unsafe for human health. When the oven operates, the steel case also heats up, touching which can result in burns.

Plastering the walls of a sauna stove

The original Russian version of cladding is plastering the walls of a sauna stove. The simplest and most inexpensive way.

Plastering the stove takes place in two stages:

Plastering walls to remove dirt and dust.
Repeated plastering to level the walls and remove dents and chips.

After the stove plastering process is completed, it can be whitewashed with lime.

The use of tiles is an ancient method of lining stoves. This type of finishing gives the stove an original and unusual appearance. The sauna stove becomes not part of the room, but a separate element of the interior with its own individuality.

Note! This cladding method is quite complicated. Only a specialist can do it, however, such cladding is reliable and durable.

A sauna stove lined with tiles, in addition to its unusual appearance, has a higher level of heat transfer compared to stoves lined with other materials.

There are many options for lining sauna stoves. Work with each of the presented materials must be carried out with special care. Materials should be selected of high quality and durable. In this case, the sauna stove will delight its owners for decades.

Video

This video demonstrates finishing a stove in a bathhouse with Terracotta tiles:

What is the best way to decorate the wall behind the wood stove in a sauna? Welded metal stove, metal 4mm thick. From the stove to the wall about 20-25cm. The best way to finish the wall is to prevent the lining from charring and catching fire. Are soapstone or coil slabs suitable? And is it possible to glue them directly to the lining?

You're right. For the safe operation of a metal stove, the distance you specified (20-25 cm) to the wooden surface of the wall is not enough. Metal stoves are characterized by active thermal radiation, at peak moments the firebox becomes red from heating. A wooden wall surface or ceiling partition, when heated to 100 °C, is guaranteed to ignite. This is especially true for wood in a steam room, where it is constantly dried to minimum humidity levels.

One of the ideal options for a metal stove in a bathhouse is shown in the photo. The oven is partially covered with brick on three sides, which allows for additional heat accumulation. There is also a screen made of fireproof material installed on the wall. This can be a layer of basalt cardboard or cotton wool, with a galvanized sheet on top of it.

Double wall protection

It is better to connect the heat-insulating material of the screen with “grooves”.

Combining thermal insulation joints

Soapstone is excellent decorative material. It is most often used for lining stoves and fireplaces, and sometimes even for laying stoves. Its main advantages in our case become disadvantages. This material perfectly accumulates and transfers heat, as evidenced by the heating of the surface on which it is installed. Therefore, if your choice fell on this stone, we can offer to replace part of the wall (or flammable internal lining) brick. It can even be decorative. And in this area it is already possible to lay soapstone tiles on heat-resistant adhesive for lining stoves and fireplaces.

The same recommendations apply to products made from coils. If done well, this protection option will not only look harmonious and be the highlight of the sauna, but will also provide you with almost 100% fire safety.

Option with soapstone

Have an easy and safe steam!

How to decorate the wall behind the stove in a sauna: cladding options

What material is best to use for finishing the wall behind the wood-burning stove in the sauna, so that the lining does not char and catch fire. Cladding of sauna stove and walls

Protecting walls in a bathhouse from stove heat: how to properly make a protective screen or casing

When you heat the bathhouse for procedures, the surface of the oven can heat up to 300-400 degrees. In the process, it emits infrared rays and itself becomes a source of heating. The radiated heat is distributed throughout the steam room, but first it touches the walls, which are located near the wall. If the walls in your steam room are made of wood, then due to the high temperature they will begin to char. And this can cause fire and fire. Despite the fact that various means for protecting wood and other options for eliminating this problem are advertised, the most effective method isolation was and remains the arrangement of a protective screen and casing made of non-flammable materials.

In what situations is wall protection needed?

There are situations when protecting the walls near the stove is not necessary. For example, if between the stove and the closest surface there is a safe distance from the point of view of fire regulations. This distance should be enough to disperse the infrared rays so that they weaken and do not damage the wall.

fire safe distance from a metal stove to the walls of the bathhouse

The safe distance from the wall is:

to a brick stove (with ¼ brick masonry) - no less than 0.32 m;
to a non-lined metal furnace - at least 1 m.
to a metal furnace lined inside with brick or fireclay - no less than 0.7 m.

Such a safe, fire-safe distance can generally only be organized in steam rooms with impressive parameters. In smaller family-type steam rooms, when there is a need to save every centimeter, installing a stove at such a distance is not a justifiable luxury. Therefore, for such small steam rooms, it is better to use screens or special cladding to protect the walls.

Protective screen around the oven.

Shields are insulating shields that cover the sides of the oven and reduce the intensity of heat rays. Screens can be made of brick or metal. They are mainly used for metal stoves.

Option No. 1 – metal screen.

The most commonly used protective screen is made of steel or cast iron sheets, which is bought ready-made. It is mounted around the stove at a distance of 1-5 cm from the walls of the firebox. There are side and front screens, choose depending on which side of the stove you need to cover. Manufacturers often make furnaces already equipped with a screen - a casing.

bathhouse wall protection - metal screen

The protective screen makes it possible to reduce the temperature of the external surfaces of the stove to 80-100 degrees, thereby reducing the safe distance to 50 cm. As a result, the distance from the firebox to the wall, including an installation gap of 1-5 cm, will be 51-55 cm. Install The protective screen is not complicated, it is usually equipped with legs that simply need to be bolted to the floor.

Option No. 2 – protective screen made of brick.

With such a screen you can cover all the side parts of the stove, thus making an outer lining for it. As a result, the stove will stand in a brick casing.

Or you can simply separate the oven and the fire-hazardous surface with such a screen.

The material for the screen used as wall protection is solid fireclay brick. For the binder, take a solution made of cement or clay. Craftsmen advise making masonry in half a brick (12 cm thick). But if you don’t have enough material, you can make a screen in ¼ brick (6 cm), but this will lead to a reduction in the thermal insulation performance of the protective wall by half. And then you need to take such changes into account when calculating the safe distance.

bathhouse wall protection - brick screen

When laying, you need to leave small holes in the lower part (sometimes with fire doors). They will serve to create air exchange in the space between the stove and the screen.

The height of the brick screen should exceed the height of the stove by at least 20 cm. There are cases when the protective screen is laid out up to the ceiling.

Such a screen is not made close to the stove - you need to leave 5-15 cm. In order for the walls to be protected reliably, the optimal distance between the screen and the wall should be from 5 to 15 cm. Using a protective brick screen, you can reduce the distance from the stove to the wall to 22- 42 cm (stove + gap 5-15 cm + brick -12 cm + gap 5-15 cm + wall),

Non-combustible wall cladding for protection.

Any wall that is adjacent to a hot stove is not immune to spontaneous combustion. To prevent overheating of the walls, it is recommended to use special sheathing, which consists of heat-insulating and non-combustible materials.

Construction of a bathhouse

Sheathing, which includes non-combustible thermal insulation and metal sheets, has proven itself to be excellent. So, you need to attach a heat-insulating material to a wooden surface, and then a stainless steel sheet on top of it. Some people use galvanized steel, but there is information that when heated, it can release harmful substances. So it is better to use stainless steel.

To increase the effectiveness of such cladding, you need to polish the metal sheet well. The specularity of the surface will improve the reflection of heat rays from the wood and naturally prevent its heating. Another advantage is that, by redirecting hard IR rays back into the steam room, stainless metal makes them softer and people perceive them more easily.

reflective wall cladding

You can install the following thermal insulation material under a sheet of metal:

Basalt wool - it has high thermal insulation and increased hygroscopicity. It is safe even in extreme conditions steam room, and it doesn’t burn.
Basalt cardboard is basalt fiber in the form of thin sheets. Fireproof, sound and heat insulating material.
Asbestos cardboard is a fire-resistant heat-insulating material in sheets. It is characterized by excellent strength, durability and the ability to protect surfaces prone to fire from ignition.
Minerite is a non-flammable slab that is made specifically for creating screens near stoves, fireplaces and other surfaces in a bathhouse or sauna that can easily catch fire.

The following cladding scheme is popular:

Wall – ventilation gap 2-3cm. – insulation 1-2 cm. – metal sheet. The safe distance from the stove to the wall will be at least 38 cm.

Ceramic bushings are used to secure the sheathing to the wall. They do not heat up and additionally serve to create a ventilation gap between the wall and the layer of heat-insulating material.

If you were unable to install the stove at a safe distance, then you need to cover it with two layers of heat-insulating material. In this option, the sheets are secured through bushings, maintaining a gap of 2-3 cm, and the top sheet is covered with a metal sheet.

Russian bath project

Reflective cladding is an excellent protection for wood walls from heat and fire, but it may not always look beautiful or appropriate in a steam room. If you have a steam room with determined by design Or you can disguise such cladding with heat-resistant tiles as decor. To lay such tiles you need to use heat-resistant adhesive.

Wall protection near the stove with lining can be made of the following materials:

Terracotta tiles are made from fired clay and have excellent strength, heat resistance and service life. Terracotta can be matte or glazed, with shades ranging from pastel yellow to brick red.
Clinker tiles are clay tiles similar to facing bricks. Its structure is denser than that of terracotta. The color may be your favorite, even white or black, or something completely unusual for tiles - blue or green.
Tiles - view ceramic tiles. A characteristic feature is embossing in the form of a pattern or ornament on the front part.
Porcelain tiles are tiles of increased strength and heat resistance. Different way front side processing forms different surface. Porcelain tiles can imitate stone, brick or wood. The color palette includes natural shades, from white to black.
Soapstone is a natural mountain stone of gray or green hue. Distinctive features: fire resistance, water resistance, strength.

protective cladding with cladding

Using fire resistant tiles to cover a wall will not provide thermal insulation. The walls will heat up anyway. The tile serves only one component in this design:

Wall – ventilation gap 2-3 cm. – fire-resistant material in sheets – tiles. The distance from the stove to the tiles should be at least 15-20 cm.

Refractory material can be:

Fire-resistant drywall (GKLO) is a drywall containing fiberglass. It does not deform under the influence of heat.
Minerite is a non-flammable cement-fiber board. In addition, it is moisture resistant and not subject to rotting or decomposition.
Glass-magnesium sheet (GML) is a slab material that contains fiberglass and magnesium binder. This material is famous for its heat and sound insulation properties, and its resistance to temperature changes and the influence of water.

If the wall protection is carried out in compliance with all the rules and the organization of a ventilation gap, then such cladding will have a low heat absorption rate, and the wall will hardly heat up. In addition, using tiles for cladding will mask the protective layer well, and you will not spoil the style and design of the steam room.

Protecting walls in a bathhouse from stove heat: how to properly make a protective screen or casing

protecting the walls of the bathhouse from the heat of the stove. Why is it needed and what is the fireproof distance from the walls to the stove. Protective screens, protective sheathing and sheathing with cladding

Protecting the walls of the bathhouse from the heat of the stove: rules for constructing protective screens and casings

During the heating of the bath, the surface of the stove heats up to 300-400°C. At the same time, it begins to emit infrared rays and itself becomes a source of heating. The coming heat is distributed throughout the steam room, but first of all it hits the walls adjacent to the stove. If the walls are wooden, then under the influence of high temperatures their charring begins. And there it’s already a stone’s throw away! The only one for real effective method insulating wooden walls from heat - creating protective screens and cladding from non-combustible materials in the bathhouse.

When is protection needed at all?

The need to install protective casings and screens does not always arise. If a fire-safe distance is maintained between the stove and the nearest flammable surface, additional protection is not needed. At this distance, the IR rays are scattered, weakened, and the amount of them that the wooden wall receives can no longer lead to damage.

It is believed that the safe distance from the wall to brick oven(quarter-brick laying) is at least 0.32 m, from the wall to a metal stove (not lined) - at least 1 m. For a metal stove lined from the inside with brick or fireclay, the distance is reduced to 0.7 m.

Thus, maintaining fire safety distances is more possible in large baths, where the issue of saving space is not relevant. In family steam rooms, where every centimeter of space counts, installing a stove 0.3-1 m from the nearest walls is impractical. In this case, the safety distances established by the standards must be reduced using screens and casings.

Protective screens near (around) the stove

Protective screens are insulation panels that cover the side surfaces of the furnace and reduce the intensity of thermal radiation. Screens can be metal or brick. As a rule, they are used for metal furnaces.

Method #1 - metal screens

The most common protective screens are factory-made steel or cast iron sheets. They are installed around the stove, at a distance of 1-5 cm from the walls of the firebox. Depending on the need to insulate one side or another of the furnace, you can purchase side or front (front) screens. Many metal furnaces are initially manufactured with protective screens in the form of a protective casing.

Protective screens help reduce the temperature of external metal surfaces to 80-100°C and, accordingly, reduce the fireproof distance to 50 cm. The total distance from the firebox to the wall (including a gap of 1-5 cm) will be 51-55 cm.

Installing protective screens is not difficult. Thanks to the presence of legs, metal panels are easily bolted to the floor.

Method #2 - brick screens

A brick screen can cover all the side surfaces of a metal furnace, representing its outer cladding. Then the stove will be in a casing made of brickwork. In another case, a brick screen is a wall separating the stove and the flammable surface.

To lay the protective screen, solid fireclay bricks are used. The binder is cement or clay mortar. It is recommended to use half a brick (thickness 120 mm). But, if there is a lack of material, it is possible to make a wall of a quarter of a brick (60 mm thick), although in this case the thermal insulation properties of the screen will be reduced by half.

Small holes are left at the bottom of the shield (sometimes with combustion doors) for air convection between brick wall and a stove.

The brick walls of the screen must end at least 20 cm above the top surface of the oven. Sometimes the masonry goes all the way to the ceiling.

The brick screen is not installed flush against the walls of the stove, the optimal distance is 5-15 cm. The acceptable distance from the brickwork to the flammable wall is 5-15 cm. Thus, the use of a brick screen allows you to reduce the distance from the stove to the wooden wall to 22-42 cm (stove - ventilation gap 5-15 cm - brick 12 cm - ventilation gap 5-15 cm - wall).

Protective non-combustible wall coverings

Walls adjacent to the hot furnace walls are susceptible to spontaneous combustion. To prevent their overheating, special casings consisting of heat-insulating and non-combustible materials are used.

Option #1 - reflective trim

Sheathing consisting of a combination of non-combustible insulation and metal sheets is effective. In this case, thermal insulation is attached to the wooden surface, which is covered with a stainless steel sheet on top. Some use galvanizing for these purposes, but, according to some data, when heated, it can release harmful substances. It’s better not to risk it and buy a stainless steel sheet.

For greater efficiency, the metal sheet of the screen must be well polished. The mirror surface helps to reflect heat rays from the wooden surface and, accordingly, prevents its heating. In addition, a stainless steel sheet, directing IR rays back into the steam room, transforms hard radiation into softer radiation, better perceived by humans.

The following can be fixed under stainless steel as thermal insulation:

Basalt wool - it has high thermal insulation properties and is absolutely safe when used in a bathhouse. It has increased hygroscopicity and does not burn.
Basalt cardboard is thin sheets of basalt fiber. Used as a fireproof, sound and heat insulating material.
Asbestos cardboard is a sheet fire-resistant heat insulator. It has high strength and durability, protects flammable surfaces from ignition.
Minerite is a non-flammable sheet (plate) specially manufactured for shielding stoves, fireplaces, and easily flammable surfaces in baths and saunas.

A popular example of cladding using a metal sheet is this “pie”: wall – ventilation gap (2-3 cm) – insulation (1-2 cm) – stainless steel sheet. The distance from the wooden wall to the stove is at least 38 cm (SNiP 41-01-2003).

Ceramic bushings are used to attach the sheathing to the wall. They do not heat up and allow the formation of ventilation gaps between the thermal insulation and the wall.

If the distance between wooden wall and the stove is minimal, then the cladding is made of two layers of fireproof insulation, for example, mineralite. In this case, the sheets are fixed through ceramic bushings, maintaining a gap of 2-3 cm. The top sheet is covered with stainless steel.

Option #2 - sheathing with cladding

Of course, protective casing with stainless steel perfectly protects wooden walls from heating and fire. But it can spoil the impression of the most expensive finish. Therefore, if the steam room is designed in a decorative style, the fire-resistant lining is masked with heat-resistant tiles. The tiles are laid on heat-resistant adhesive, for example, produced by Terracotta.

The best materials for cladding walls near the stove:

Terracotta tiles are made from baked clay. It is characterized by strength, heat resistance, durability. Terracotta tiles can be matte or glazed (majolica), and the color varies from pastel yellow to brick red.
Clinker tiles - also made of clay, similar in appearance to facing brick. Unlike terracotta, clinker tiles are denser. The color range covers almost all colors, ranging from white to black, including green and blue tones, unusual for clay.
Tiles are a type of ceramic tile. It usually has embossing on the front surface in the form of a design or ornament.
Porcelain tiles are heat-resistant, durable tiles. Depending on the method of processing the front surface, the tile can imitate natural stone, brick, wood. IN color scheme– all natural shades, from white to black.
Soapstone is a rock of grayish or greenish color. It is fireproof, waterproof and durable.

Attaching fire-resistant tiles directly to walls will not have any thermal insulation effect. The wall will still heat up, which can lead to spontaneous combustion. Therefore, tiles are used only as an element of a protective “pie” of the following design: wall – ventilation gap (2-3 cm) – fire-resistant sheet material – tiles. It is recommended to maintain a minimum distance of 15-20 cm from the tiles to the walls of the oven.

Any material from this list can be used as a fire-resistant element in the cladding:

Fire-resistant drywall (GKLO) is drywall supplemented with fiberglass fibers. Resists thermal effects without structural deformation.
Minerite is a cement-fiber board, absolutely non-flammable. Minerite slabs are moisture resistant, do not rot, and do not decompose.
Glass-magnesium sheet (FMS) is a material in the form of plates made on the basis of magnesium binder and fiberglass. It has heat and sound insulating properties and is not destroyed by water and temperature changes.

The protective cladding, which must comply with the ventilation gap, has a very low heat absorption coefficient, so the wall underneath it practically does not heat up. In addition, the use of cladding allows you to disguise the protective “pie” and maintain the finishing of the steam room in the same style.

Protecting the walls of the bathhouse from the heat of the stove: installing protective sheathing and screens

Let's figure out how to protect the walls of the bathhouse from the heat of the stove. Installation of protective casings and special screens. Technical fire safety rules.

How to decorate a stove in a bathhouse

Metal stoves have gained great popularity among home bath owners in recent years. The reason for this was the ease and speed of installation, available price policy. However, they have a number of disadvantages, ranging from unpresentable appearance to the likelihood of a fire. The finishing of the stove in the bathhouse is carried out to reduce negative factors.

During operation, the temperature of the metal furnace in the bath reaches about 400 0. Metal heated to such a temperature can cause a fire in nearby wooden structures. For fire safety purposes, there are permissible distances from a metal heating source to the wall established by SNiP. In the absence of protective screens, the distance should be at least 1 meter.

IN large rooms maintaining such a distance is not difficult. But if the question concerns a small home bath, every centimeter of space is important.

To reduce the permissible distance, a number of measures are taken:

install protective screens around the stove itself;
sheathe sections of walls located in close proximity to the source of ignition.

Metal screens

Installation of steel sheets allows you to reduce the fire hazard distance. From the wooden surface to the steel screen it is enough to maintain 50 cm.

Protective screens made of metal can be either factory-made or welded independently. During installation, it is necessary to create a ventilation gap between the heating part of the stove and the metal screen. The presence of a ventilation duct helps heat the casing to 100 0 . Factory screens are equipped with legs and fasteners; using them, installing the sheets will not be difficult.

Brick screens

There are two options for installing a brick screen:

are erecting brick partition only between the wooden wall of the bathhouse and the metal stove;
The oven is covered with brick walls on all sides.

It is enough to leave a distance of 10-15 cm between the wooden wall and the brick screen.

Covering walls with heat-reflecting screens

Reflective cladding is a heat-insulating material covered with a stainless steel sheet on top. This option allows you to reduce the distance from protective coating before work surface ovens up to 38 cm.

Non-flammable, durable materials with low thermal conductivity:

basalt wool(basalt canvas, basalt slabs, basalt cardboard), sometimes it is called - stone wool. Made from rock (basalt), it is an environmentally friendly material. It does not emit harmful compounds when heated, withstands temperatures up to 600 0 without collapsing or losing its properties. It has good water-repellent ability, does not absorb moisture at all and does not cause corrosion of adjacent materials;
mineralite slabs- the main component in them is cement. Capable of withstanding temperatures of 600 0, however working temperature, at which the properties do not change, is 150 0. Absorbs and releases moisture well. Minerite is harmless to the respiratory tract when heated;

asbestos boards or asbestos cardboard. Some consider it a carcinogenic material that is harmful to health, but this has not been scientifically proven. Asbestos dust can cause harm to the body if inhaled. Covered with a metal sheet on top, asbestos has proven itself to be a good thermal insulation material;
expanded vermeculite slabs do not contain asbestos and are made of mountain mica. They have low specific gravity and high mechanical strength. Such slabs can be coated with a layer of plaster and covered with ceramic tiles.

Above thermal insulation layer covered with a stainless steel sheet. In some cases, galvanized iron is used, but it is “transparent” to IR rays. The polished surface of the steel is able to reflect heat rays, directing them back into the bathhouse.

Metal sheets are mounted on ceramic mounts that are not subject to strong heat. For free circulation of air flows, preventing heating of the wooden wall, it is necessary to provide a ventilation gap. To do this, a ventilation gap is provided between the heat-insulating layer and the wall. The screen is mounted, leaving a distance above the floor and above the ceiling.

Sheathing followed by cladding

You can ensure an aesthetically presentable appearance of the bathhouse by decorating the heat-insulating layer with fire-resistant tiles, the installation of which must be done with heat-resistant glue.

To ensure high thermal insulation protection of the wooden surface from the heat of the stove, fire-resistant materials are mounted on it, which can be used as:

glass magnetic sheets resistant to high temperatures and high humidity environment. They are characterized by high elasticity and mechanical strength. When heated, they do not emit toxic substances;
expanded vermiculite sheets;
mineralite slabs.

Facing types: tiles

The following types of tiles have proven themselves well for cladding thermal insulation areas:

Terracotta tiles. Eco-friendly unglazed tiles made from colored clay without mechanical impurities through long-term firing in ovens. Has increased heat resistance and does not emit when heated harmful substances and specific odors. During operation it does not lose its original color. It has color palette from gray to beige. It has textured options for wood and stone. Able to retain heat for a long time.
Clinker tiles made from shale clay. It is fired at a temperature of about 1200 0 in one cycle. Does not cause harm to health during the heating process. Such tiles are durable, have increased resistance to abrasion and color loss. The palette of produced colors ranges from black to white.

Porcelain tiles. Artificial finishing material consisting of clay, quartz sand and kaolin. It withstands humid environments and high temperatures well and is not destroyed by thermal shock. Possesses for a long period operation. Manufacturers produce glazed, matte, polished porcelain tiles, structured to resemble leather, wood, and stone.
Soapstone tiles. Natural material of mountain origin, most often gray in color, but interspersed with brown, cherry, yellow and green shades. Withstands repeated heating and high humidity, accumulates and releases heat well.

Installation of a brick casing around a metal plate

The brick casing for shielding the furnace has significant weight, and a prerequisite for its installation is the presence of a foundation.

Foundation structure

If the brickwork around a metal stove is made in a bathhouse that has already been built, the floor covering will have to be dismantled.

The size of the concrete base is calculated by adding the size of the brickwork 20 cm + ventilation gap 10 cm + horizontal dimensions of the metal furnace.

Installation begins by selecting a layer of soil. The depth depends on the degree of soil freezing and is about 60 cm.

In case of close proximity groundwater Geotextiles or roofing felt, well coated with bitumen mastic, are laid on the bottom and sides of the pit.

Install on the base of the resulting pit sand cushion. The sand is laid wet and compacted thoroughly. A layer of gravel or crushed stone is poured on top and compacted.

Add another layer of sand 15 cm thick.

assemble a reinforcing grid from reinforcement or metal rods, with a cell size of 10*10;
poured concrete mortar, not reaching the edges of the pit by 10 cm;
after this, the concrete needs time to “mature” for three weeks;
several layers of roofing material are laid on top of the concrete base and a heat-resistant slab is installed;
lay a continuous row of bricks, which should not protrude beyond the boundaries of the refractory sheet; voids in the masonry are also unacceptable. Excess solution is immediately removed;
the second row is laid similarly to the first, but with offset seams;
observance of the horizontal plane is considered a mandatory condition.

Preparation of mortar for masonry

You can purchase a ready-made solution in a store or use a sand-clay mixture. For determining best ratio sand and clay make a small batch from which a cylinder or bar is formed. Pay attention to the possible appearance of cracks, the absence of which is an indicator of quality.

It is preferable to use clay used for masonry from deep layers, without earthen and mechanical impurities.

To give the clay the required consistency and plasticity, it is kept in water for several days, after which it is ground through a sieve to remove debris.

A 1:1 proportion of clay and sand is considered good; liquid is added to it in small portions.

A high-quality mixture does not stick to the trowel and does not drip from it. When running a trowel over the solution, the mark left behind should not blur or have a torn structure.

To improve the quality of the masonry, add rock salt at the rate of 0.1 kg per bucket ready solution. It is also good to add cement and fireclay powder.

Technological process of furnace lining

The laying of a protective casing around a metal plate is carried out:

red solid brick, which has high degree heat resistance and long service life;
fireclay brick, which has the same characteristics, but a higher cost;

ceramic refractory brick: it has all the positive properties solid brick, but at the same time it has more aesthetic appearance and can be used as facing.

In some cases, masonry is carried out with hollow bricks, but it must be taken into account that it has worse heat retention characteristics.

It is advisable to soak the brick before starting work. Dry brick is able to quickly absorb the liquid fraction through capillaries and does not allow the binding part of the solution to penetrate inside to increase the adhesion of the masonry. IN summer period This method is not difficult.

If the construction process takes place in the autumn-spring period, in cold, damp weather, dry the wet brick in finished product quite problematic. Heating for drying means dealing a blow to the strength even before the stove starts operating: uneven heating will destroy the seams. It is also impossible to leave the stove undried over the winter; the cold will tear the masonry under the influence of negative temperatures. In this case, make a more liquid solution and slightly wet the surface of the brick.

If there is insufficient construction experience, for the convenience of maintaining a horizontal plane, stretch a cord or fishing line around the perimeter of the masonry. The inconvenience of this method is the need to raise the fishing line with each row.

You can pay 30-50% less for light, depending on what electrical appliances you use.

Finishing a stove in a bathhouse - how and with what material to finish a stove in a bathhouse

Finishing a stove in a bathhouse In this article, you will learn about finishing the stove: the material for lining the stove depends not only on the preferences of the bathhouse owner, but also on some other factors.

Choosing a finish for a sauna stove is not as easy as it seems. A mistake can be costly. Incorrectly chosen material near the stove will crack and collapse from high temperature. It is not safe. The purpose of the cladding, in addition to its decorative function, is to minimize the likelihood of accidental injury.

Collapse

How can you decorate a stove in a bathhouse?

First of all, this is:

ceramic tiles,
brick,
different types of stone,
plastering with a special solution,
steel,
tiles.

As you can see, the choice of materials is quite wide. Each of these materials must have certain properties and pass special treatment to withstand high temperature near the stove. Let's look at each of them in more detail.

Using tiles

The tiles on the stove in the bathhouse are afraid of thermal expansion, therefore, when performing work, it is important to carefully follow the technological process. The lining of the stove in the bathhouse does not tolerate negligence.

Kinds

Typically, 7 types of tiles are used for cladding:

Terracotta is a tile that has not been glazed. It consists of terracotta clay and fireclay, which are mixed in a certain ratio. Such tiles have been known for several centuries. A correctly implemented technological process greatly influences the final quality of the material. This tile can be easily recognized by its characteristic red tint.
Clinker tiles - clay is the main raw material. The material is obtained by pressing, then it is fired at a temperature of +1200 0 C. The crystal lattice of the clay changes and the tile acquires the properties of ceramics.
Majolica is very difficult to produce. Previously, only manual labor was used for drawing. Now there are industrial designs. The glaze on the tile is obtained by firing. Properties resemble terracotta tiles.
Tiles are the most preferred option, thanks to air gap between the tile and the oven wall. This layer works as an additional heat insulator, allowing the stove to retain heat near itself even longer.
Porcelain stoneware - can also be used for lining the stove. Marble chips added during the production of porcelain stoneware give the material unique decorative properties and high strength. Due to this, porcelain tiles are rapidly gaining popularity.
Fireclay - able to withstand direct exposure to fire. Fireclay is pressed into blanks and fired at a temperature of +1300 0 C.
Tile - only a material with a high heat resistance coefficient can withstand temperature loads.

Expert opinion

Nikolay Davydov

Stove maker with 15 years of experience

Based on their properties, the most preferable option for lining a stove is tiles. It is also the most labor-intensive. The most budget option is a special tile with a high coefficient of heat resistance, but with its help it will not be possible to finish the hottest areas.

Instructions

Do-it-yourself tiling of a sauna stove is done as follows:

Finishing the stove with bricks

Traditionally, the stove lining is made with brick. This material is also suitable for wooden walls near the stove. It is an additional heat accumulator.

At the same time, the brick acts as a protective screen that prevents burns and has a presentable appearance. You can also line a metal stove with bricks.

Kinds

The following types of bricks are used for cladding the stove:

It is not recommended to use silicate and hollow bricks. It will not hold heat well and will collapse. Fireclay brick It is preferable to use, but it is more expensive.

Instructions

The laying is done using a mortar specially designed for ovens. It will ensure optimal structural strength.
The foundation design must be designed to withstand such a load. Otherwise, you will have to make a separate foundation.
The masonry is done in half a brick. The brick is placed on the bed. We start laying from the corner, bandaging 1/3.
For heat exchange, ventilation holes must be provided in the masonry.
Between the rows we reinforce the masonry with mesh.
After completing the masonry, we perform jointing.

Examples of brick lining a stove in a bathhouse in the photo:

Using plaster

Plaster is the most budget-friendly option for finishing a stove with your own hands. The product takes on a finished look and looks good in the interior. After plastering, you can whitewash it with a special heat-resistant compound.

This type of finishing is quite often used for brick ovens. The technology is as follows:

Tiles

A stove with tiles is a rather labor-intensive process. Technology has simplified things a bit. But it still takes 4-5 months to build such a furnace, if you use classic version. The laying and lining of the furnace occurs simultaneously. Although, in a simplified version, you can line a finished stove.

Expert opinion

Nikolay Davydov

Stove maker with 15 years of experience

The drawing can be anything. Usually Russian folk motifs are used. The sizes of tiles are regulated by GOST 3742-47. Permissible deviations should not exceed 1 mm in all directions. Thanks to standardization, the cladding process has been significantly simplified. The most important thing is to choose the right material.

Instructions

You should be guided by the following rules:

Material of manufacture. Impurities in colored clay will not allow the production of high-quality tiles, so it is not used. In contrast, white clay is an ideal raw material.
The quality of a product is determined by its ability to absorb water. The more pores in a tile and the larger they are, the less quality the product will be.
Choose tiles made by pressing.
The surface of the product should not have a dull appearance and there should be no cracks on it. This happens when a product undergoes only one firing.

For cladding, tiles must be sorted by shade. They will need to be laid in such a way that the transition is not noticeable. The size is adjusted using a rasp and an angular grinder from all sides. Defective tiles should not be thrown away immediately. They can be used later.

The next step is to mark. The thickness of the horizontal seam should not exceed 3 mm, vertical - 1 mm. Now let's move on to installation.

Lay out the first row.

The process is very labor-intensive, but the result is worth it. The first thing to do is to properly prepare the tiles for installation. This will ensure the best result.

The installation order is as follows:

immerse the tiles in water, waiting until the clay absorbs water;
the clay in the tiller will increase the heat capacity, so you need to fill it halfway;
steel brackets allow you to correctly connect the tiles to each other;
We connect a row of tiles to a row of the stove using wire.

Scheme for fastening the tiles: 1 – lump, 2 – pin, 3 – wire, 4 – staples.

Subsequent rows.

drill holes in the masonry;
We use screws and wire as a connecting element;
We fasten the steel pins using wire;
we place the tile on the pin and bend the last one;
the dry solution will fill all the voids between the tiles.

Sauna stove in tiles

Conclusion

The choice of this or that material for lining the stove in the bathhouse is determined by the result that needs to be obtained in the end. The most interesting option in terms of heat preservation is tiling, but it is also the most labor-intensive and expensive. If you want to veneer your stove cheaply, there is such an opportunity.

The most budget option is plastering the stove. It is best to line a metal stove with bricks. This will significantly increase the heat capacity of the oven and it will take longer to cool down.

Another great option is porcelain tiles. When deciding how to line a stove in a bathhouse, pay attention to the quality of the materials used.

To insulate the space around the stove, it is advisable to use mineralite. This is an excellent sauna cover. They are used for lining the sauna - covering wooden walls, although these slabs can also be used to cover a house.

Using step by step instructions In this article, you can not only choose the right material in the best way, but also do the cladding of the stove itself and its surfaces with your own hands. This became the main purpose of this material.

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What is the best way to decorate the wall behind the wood stove in a sauna? Welded metal stove, metal 4mm thick. From the stove to the wall about 20-25cm. The best way to finish the wall is to prevent the lining from charring and catching fire. Are soapstone or coil slabs suitable? And is it possible to glue them directly to the lining?

It is better to connect the heat-insulating material of the screen with “grooves”.

Soapstone is an excellent decorative material. It is most often used for lining stoves and fireplaces, and sometimes even for laying stoves. Its main advantages in our case become disadvantages. This material perfectly accumulates and transfers heat, as evidenced by the heating of the surface on which it is installed. Therefore, if your choice fell on this stone, we can suggest replacing part of the wall (or flammable internal lining) with brick. It can even be decorative. And in this area it is already possible to lay soapstone tiles on heat-resistant adhesive for lining stoves and fireplaces.