Working room temperature for workers. Temperature standards for office premises

The current legislation in matters of labor protection establishes rather strict temperature standards in the workplace and in the working room. However, not every ordinary worker or even employer knows what temperature should be in the workplace and what other requirements are associated with this aspect of work. Legislation and regulatory documents, in turn, provide a full-fledged legal regulation of the aforementioned issue, including from a procedural point of view.

Workplace temperature - legal and regulatory

Russian legislation seeks to provide employees with the opportunity to work in conditions that are safe for their health, and the temperature at the workplace is one of the main indicators affecting labor safety. The legal regulation of these issues is ensured by the provisions of various regulatory documents and, first of all, the following legal acts can be attributed to them:

For some categories of work, special requirements for temperature conditions may be established. In this case, it will be necessary to be guided by separate regulatory documents that regulate any specific type of activity. The norms of the above-mentioned SanPiN apply to all types of activities without exception.

Working room temperature standard

The answer to the question of what temperature should be at the workplace largely depends on the nature of the work, the time of year and a number of other indicators. Moreover, the general standards are quite simple and look as follows:

The current standards assume the presence of possible deviations from the temperature regime and minor fluctuations and changes in temperature. However, the presence of long-term deviations is the basis for reducing the working time of workers.

In addition to complying with the requirements for ensuring the temperature in the working room, the employer should also pay attention to the humidity indicators. In most cases, the relative humidity should be between 40-60%.

Responsibility for non-compliance with the temperature in the working room

If the employer does not comply with the requirements for ensuring the temperature at the workplace, then he can be held liable for violation of the current legislation. At the same time, employees have the right to demand the initiation of an inspection if they suspect that the temperature and humidity regime does not meet legal requirements. It should also be remembered that high or low temperatures can be considered normal if they are constant, their exposure is considered a harmful or dangerous production factor and the employee receives all additional guarantees corresponding to this work.

In cases where there is an unambiguous violation of the requirements of labor legislation, the employer may be held liable for non-compliance with the temperature in the working room under Article 5.27 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, which will entail a fine from 2 to 20 thousand rubles, depending on the status of the offender.

The concept of a temperature log has nothing to do with ensuring the temperature at the workplace. These logs are used to evaluate performance and monitor specific refrigeration equipment, and their maintenance in relation to the verification of indicators in the room is not necessary.

Checking the temperature at the workplace is carried out at the request or complaint of employees, as well as in the case of a regular special assessment of working conditions to determine the hazard or hazard class of these conditions. At the same time, assignment of the status of harmful or dangerous to work may require the employer to also provide employees with funds individual protection from negative conditions.

Another aspect that an employer should pay attention to is the actual negative impact of inappropriate temperatures on employees. Thus, a violation of the temperature regime can lead not only to fines, but also to an increased frequency of sick leave among workers. In addition, the temperature regime can also affect the development and appearance of certain occupational diseases, which will require the formation of an investigation commission at the enterprise and additional costs from the organization.

The right of workers to work in conditions that meet the requirements of labor protection is established by Art. 219 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. Every employee has the right to workplace that meets the requirements of labor protection. The obligation to ensure safe working conditions is imposed by legislation on the employer. So, part 1 of Art. 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation establishes that the employer is obliged to ensure the safety of employees when exercising technological processes, as well as the working conditions corresponding to the requirements of labor protection at each workplace. According to Art. 11, 32 FZ of 30.03.1999 No. 52-FZ "On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population" all individual entrepreneurs and legal entities are obliged to comply with the requirements of sanitary legislation, to carry out production control of compliance with sanitary rules in the performance of work, provision of services, production, transportation, storage and sale of products. In addition, in the Russian Federation there are numerous sanitary rules and other by-laws that establish regulatory requirements labor protection. The problem is that many employers do not comply with labor protection requirements, try to bypass them, or create the appearance of meeting them at minimal cost.

Temperature regime

One of the factors affecting an employee in the course of work is the temperature regime. Elevated air temperatures in the workplace adversely affect the health of workers and may even threaten their lives if the standard values are significantly exceeded.

Regulatory requirements for air temperature at workplaces are established Sanitary regulations and norms (SanPiN) 2.2.4.548-96 " Hygiene requirements to the microclimate of industrial premises "(approved by the decree of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of the Russian Federation dated 01.10.1996 No. 21). These sanitary rules are aimed at preventing the adverse effects of the microclimate of workplaces and industrial premises on well-being, functional state, working capacity and human health. SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 is mandatory for all enterprises and organizations and applies to the microclimate indicators at workplaces of all types of production facilities. At the same time, production premises should be understood as confined spaces in specially designed buildings and structures, where constantly (in shifts) or periodically (during the working day) is carried out labor activity... Under this definition almost any premises where people work are suitable: from offices to production halls. Workplace - a section of the premises where labor activity is carried out during a work shift or part of it. A workplace can be several sections of a production facility or its entire area, depending on where the work is performed.

According to clause 1.4 of SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96, heads of enterprises, organizations and institutions, regardless of the form of ownership and subordination, in order to ensure production control, are obliged to bring workplaces in line with the microclimate requirements provided for by these sanitary rules.

Obviously, the concept of the microclimate of industrial premises is broader than the concept of temperature. An employee may feel hot and stuffy. But besides the air temperature, other factors also affect it. The microclimate in industrial premises, in addition to air temperature, is characterized by such indicators as surface temperature; relative humidity; air velocity, intensity of thermal radiation. When the permissible values are exceeded, all these factors create a general feeling of discomfort in the employee, lead to a decrease in working capacity, and a deterioration in well-being.

SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 establish optimal and permissible microclimate conditions. This takes into account the intensity of energy consumption of workers, the time of work and the period of the year.

Job categories

Everything possible jobs in accordance with Appendix 1 to SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96, they are delimited into categories based on the intensity of energy expenditure of the human body, expressed in kcal / h (W).

Category Ia includes work with an energy consumption of up to 120 kcal / h (up to 139 W), performed while sitting and accompanied by insignificant physical stress (a number of professions in precision instrument-making and mechanical engineering enterprises, in watchmaking, garment production, in management, etc. .).

Category Ib includes work with an energy consumption of 121 - 150 kcal / h (140 - 174 W), performed while sitting, standing, or associated with walking and accompanied by some physical stress (a number of professions in the printing industry, at communications enterprises, controllers, craftsmen in different types production, etc.).

Category IIa includes work with an energy consumption of 151 - 200 kcal / h (175 - 232 W), associated with constant walking, moving small (up to 1 kg) products or objects in a standing or sitting position and requiring a certain physical stress (a number of professions in mechanical assembly workshops of machine-building enterprises, in the spinning and weaving industry, etc.).

Category IIb includes work with an energy consumption of 201 - 250 kcal / h (233 - 290 W), associated with walking, moving and carrying weights up to 10 kg, accompanied by moderate physical stress (a number of professions in mechanized foundries, rolling, forging, thermal, welding shops machine-building and metallurgical enterprises, etc.).

Category III includes work with an energy consumption of more than 250 kcal / h (more than 290 W), associated with the constant movement, movement and carrying of significant (over 10 kg) weights and requiring great physical effort (a number of professions in forging workshops with hand forging, foundries with manual filling and pouring of flasks at machine-building and metallurgical enterprises, etc.).

Seasonal factor

Cold and warm periods of the year, according to p. 3.3, 3.4 SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96, are characterized by an average daily outside temperature equal to +10 and below ( cold period) and above +10 (warm period).

Optimal microclimate conditions are established according to the criteria of the optimal thermal and functional state of a person and provide a general and local sensation of thermal comfort during an 8-hour work shift with minimal stress on the mechanisms of human thermoregulation, do not cause deviations in health, and create the prerequisites for high performance. Such microclimate conditions are naturally the most preferable in workplaces. It is this microclimate that exists in the workplaces of top managers and senior executives.

For the warm season, SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 sets the following optimal air temperature indicators, depending on the category of work by the level of energy consumption:

Iа - 23 - 25

Ib - 22 - 24

IIa - 20 - 22

IIb - 19 - 21

III - 18 - 20

When, due to technological requirements, for technical and economically justified reasons, optimal working conditions cannot be ensured, SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 establish permissible microclimate conditions. The permissible microclimatic conditions are established according to the criteria of the permissible thermal and functional state of a person for the period of an 8-hour work shift. Acceptable microclimate conditions do not cause damage or impairment of health, but can lead to general and local sensations of thermal discomfort, tension in thermoregulatory mechanisms, deterioration of well-being and decreased performance.

For the warm season, depending on the category of work, the following permissible air temperature values are set in the range above the optimal values:

Ia - 25.1 - 28

Ib - 24.1 - 28

IIa - 22.1 - 27

IIb - 21.1 - 27

III - 20.1 - 26

If these indicators of air temperature at the workplace in the warm season are exceeded, there is a fact of inconsistency of working conditions with labor protection requirements and, consequently, violation of labor protection requirements by the employer.

Harmful and hazardous working conditions

In some industries, there are certain types of industries where it is impossible to establish permissible microclimate conditions due to technological requirements for the production process or economically justified inexpediency (for example, metallurgical, pulp and paper production, etc.). Obviously, it is impossible to hang air conditioners on a blast furnace in order to achieve acceptable air temperatures. The microclimate in such industries will always be unfavorable. In such industrial premises, working conditions should be considered harmful and dangerous. In order to prevent the adverse effects of the microclimate on employees, the employer, in accordance with clause 6.10 of SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96, is obliged to use protective measures, such as: the use of local air conditioning systems; air spraying; compensation for the adverse effects of increased air temperature by changing other parameters of the microclimate; issuance of appropriate overalls and other personal protective equipment to employees; changes in the regulation of working hours, including the establishment of breaks in work, a reduction in the working day, an increase in the duration of vacation, etc.

Appendix 3 to SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 sets limits on the time spent by workers at workplaces in the event of a deviation of the air temperature from the permissible standard indicators, depending on the category of work. So, at an air temperature of 32.5 and work categories Ia, Ib, workers can stay at the workplace for no more than 1 hour (continuously or in total per work shift); workers whose work belongs to categories IIa, IIb can be at the workplace for 1 hour at an air temperature of 31.5; and on category III jobs, workers can work no more than 1 hour at an air temperature of 30.5. Therefore, when the indicated air temperature values are exceeded, work even the most a short time at least unsafe, work in such conditions is not provided for by sanitary rules at all. Unfortunately, this Appendix is advisory in nature and does not oblige employers to strictly comply with it. Nevertheless, his recommendations are fully justified, and if the employer, who does not provide acceptable microclimate conditions in the workplace, does not want to follow the recommendations, then he must take other measures to protect workers from the adverse effects of high air temperatures and other microclimate factors. The employer can increase the duration of the lunch break to two hours (Article 128 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation), because in the overwhelming majority of organizations it is one hour; introduce additional breaks at their enterprises and organizations; shorten the working day. According to Part 1 of Art. 109 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation on certain types work provides for the provision of employees during working hours of special breaks due to technology and organization of production and labor. The types of these works, the duration and procedure for granting such breaks are established by the internal labor regulations. The employer, taking into account the opinion of the trade union body, can introduce appropriate provisions into these rules and establish additional breaks. Also, no one prevents employers from taking measurements of the air temperature at workplaces and issuing an order to reduce the working day on the basis of SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96. Thus, there are still opportunities to protect workers from the adverse effects of heat.

It should be noted that for violation of legislation in the field of ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population, expressed in violation of the current sanitary rules and hygiene standards, failure to comply with sanitary and hygienic and anti-epidemic measures, administrative liability is provided (Article 6.3 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation). This offense entails a warning or the imposition of an administrative fine on citizens in the amount of 100 to 500 rubles; on officials- from 500 to 1000 rubles; on persons carrying out entrepreneurial activity without forming a legal entity - from 500 to 1000 rubles. or administrative suspension of activities for up to 90 days; on legal entities- from 10,000 to 20,000 rubles. or administrative suspension of activities for up to 90 days.

How to influence the employer

Eliminating the adverse effect on workers of increased air temperature, creating permissible (especially optimal) microclimate conditions for industrial premises is not cheap, it requires significant financial costs from the employer. For this reason, many employers neglect sanitary rules and do not create proper working conditions (and some do it simply because they do not care about workers). And the workers themselves often contribute to the occurrence of such situations, being afraid to tell the management about the unbearable conditions at the workplace, about violations of labor protection rules. (Apparently, this is how most Russian workers: first, we lose health, earning money, and then we already lose money, trying to restore health ...)

However, if the employer does not provide acceptable microclimate conditions, employees have many opportunities to influence such an unscrupulous employer and protect their right to work in a healthy and safe environment.

Article 45 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation reads: "Everyone has the right to defend their rights and freedoms in all ways that are not prohibited by law." An employee has the right to protect his labor rights, freedoms and legal interests in all ways not prohibited by law (part 1 of article 21 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). This method is directly provided for by labor legislation - this is the employee's self-defense. labor rights.

In accordance with Art. 379 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, for the purpose of self-protection of labor rights, an employee, having notified the employer or his immediate supervisor or another representative of the employer in writing, may refuse to perform work that directly threatens his life and health, with the exception of cases provided for by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and other federal laws... (For example, according to article 4 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, an employee will not be able to refuse work performed in emergency conditions, that is, in the event of a disaster or threat of disaster - fires, floods, hunger, earthquakes, epidemics or epizootics, and in other cases threat to life or normal living conditions of the entire population or part of it.) In addition, part 1 of Art. 219 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation expressly provides for the right of the employee to refuse to perform work if there is a danger to his life and health due to violation of labor protection requirements (except for cases provided for by federal laws), until such a hazard is eliminated. At the time of refusal from such work, the employee retains all the rights provided for by labor legislation and other acts containing labor law norms. And the employer or his representatives do not have the right to prevent employees from exercising self-protection of labor rights (Article 180 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

If the employee refuses to perform work in the event of a danger to his life and health, the employer is obliged to provide him with another job for the duration of the elimination of the hazard (part 4 of article 220 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). If the provision of another job is not possible, the employer, in accordance with Part 1 of Art. 57 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, is obliged to pay the employee the downtime arising in connection with the lawful refusal to perform work, in the amount of at least 2/3 of the employee's average earnings. This is due to the fact that in accordance with Part 1 of Art. 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, obligations to ensure safe conditions and labor protection are imposed on the employer, and downtime caused by failure to fulfill these obligations is considered as downtime due to his fault.

To force the employer to provide acceptable temperature conditions at the workplace, employees can use the following sequence of actions. ( Greatest effect these actions will bring in the event that all workers working in unfavorable conditions, or most of them - collective action is always more effective.)

First of all, workers need to jointly measure the air temperature in their workplaces. To do this, you can use a regular household thermometer. To avoid errors (if the thermometer is of poor quality or faulty), you can use several different thermometers.

The obtained air temperature values are compared with the requirements of SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96. If the air temperature exceeds the permissible standard indicators, then the working conditions pose a threat to the health and life of workers, and they have the right to refuse to work until the employer eliminates this hazard.

Further, the obtained air temperature values must be recorded by drawing up an appropriate act. The act must be drawn up in duplicate, signed by at least three employees, but it will be better if it is signed by all employees who observed the temperature measurement. The content of the act, see Appendix 1.

One copy of the act must be handed over to the immediate supervisor or another representative of the employer and require him to sign on the second copy, which remains with the employees, as well as the date and time of acceptance of the copy of the act. If the employer's representative refuses to accept the act or make a mark of acceptance, you can give him the act in the presence of at least two (or better, as soon as possible more) witnesses. In such a situation, it is not bad to record the moment of delivery of a copy of the act on video, if this is not prohibited by the rules established in the organization.

Then each of the employees, in accordance with the requirements of Art. 379 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, must notify the employer of his refusal to work. This can be done by issuing an appropriate notification (see Appendix 2).

The notification is drawn up by each employee in two copies, one of which with a copy of the Act attached to it is handed over to the employer's representative, and the second, with a note of the employer's representative on receipt, remains with the employee.

During the period of refusal to work, the employee may be absent from the workplace. After the employer informs about the elimination of the danger to the health of the employee, the latter is obliged to start work again.

Annex 1

The act on revealing the violation of labor protection requirements

Date, place of drawing up the act (it is enough to indicate the name of the city where the organization is located)

We, the undersigned _______________ (the names of the employees are listed), drew up this Act stating that _______________2011 at ___ h. ___ min. (date and time of temperature measurement) at the workplace ______________________________

(the workplace is concretized by indicating its location - organization, workshop, site, premises - and the name of the position of the employee who works on it) the air temperature was ____ o C.

____________ / _____________ / "___" ____________2011

(signatures of employees with a decrypted signature and date)

Appendix 2

To the head of the shop (department, site, etc.) _______________________

from _______________________ (full name, position of the employee)

Notification

I hereby notify you that the air temperature at my workplace exceeds the permissible values established by SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96, approved. Resolution of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of the Russian Federation dated 01.10.1996 No. 21.

In this regard, guided by Art. 21, 219, 220, 379 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, I refuse to perform work in conditions that threaten my health, until this danger is eliminated. Ready to start work again after receiving written notification of the elimination of the hazard.

According to Art. 157, 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the downtime that arose in connection with my refusal to perform work due to the employer's failure to comply with labor protection requirements, please pay at least 2/3 of my average earnings.

Appendix: a copy of the Act dated _________2011

"___" __________2011 ________ / _________ / (date, signature with decryption)

Elevated air temperatures have a harmful effect on the body. The state of health is deteriorating, the working capacity decreases. Work at elevated air temperatures in the production area or work in the open air in the hot season must be carefully planned, the work and rest schedule for such work must comply with the requirements established by regulatory documents.
In accordance with MR 2.2.8.0017-10 ( Guidelines“Occupational hygiene. Collective and individual protective equipment. Modes of work, labor and rest of workers in a heating microclimate in the production room and on open area during the warm period of the year ", which establish hygienic requirements for the mode of work in a heating microclimate and in an open area), the permissible duration of continuous stay in the heating microclimate depends on energy consumption. On average, for temperatures of 26-28 degrees Celsius with extremely low physical exertion, the total duration is 3-5 hours, and with very high energy consumption rates - from one and a half to two and a half; mode "work - rest" thus looks like 25-40 minutes of work for light work, and 10-20 minutes for heavy work for one hour.
Then you need to spend time in a room with a comfortable microclimate (15-20 minutes - light work; for more difficult work, the time increases).
Another document related to the subject of the article is “ SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96. Physical factors of the working environment. Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises. Sanitary rules and norms". This document establishes the recommended stay at the workplace when the air temperature exceeds the permissible values.
A quote from the document (not an official publication, it is provided for reference, there may be differences from the text regulatory document in connection with the revision or change of the norms of the document):

TIME OF STAY AT WORKPLACE

AT AIR TEMPERATURE ABOVE THE PERMISSIBLE VALUES

Air temperature at workplace, ° C	Residence time, no more, at
Air temperature at workplace, ° C

Categories of work can be determined by Appendix 1 to SanPiN. V general outline category Ia includes sedentary work with low physical stress (management, sewing, etc.). Category Ib includes somewhat heavier work (work sitting, standing, associated with walking, work of a foreman, controller). Category IIa includes tot heavier work - in fact, this is the work of the previous category, supplemented by the movement of products and objects weighing up to 1 kilogram. The next category IIb is distinguished by carrying and moving heavy objects weighing up to 10 kg. Category III - heavy work associated with movement, movement (transfer) of weights over 10 kg., Requiring great physical effort.
Some recommendations for those working at elevated temperatures (rooms, open air):

Limit exposure to air. Organize rest every 15-20 minutes in a refrigerated room or room with a normal temperature (at 24-25 ° C).
Provide ventilation, turn on fans. Avoid sudden and / or significant cooling of the body due to temperature changes in the surrounding air working area and recreation areas - especially when air-conditioned units are installed in the recreation areas.
Working at temperatures over 37 ° C is dangerous. Plan your work so that hazardous work spend in the morning or evening.
Follow your drinking regime. The temperature of water and drinks should be 12 ... 15 ° C (this is the optimal temperature). It is recommended to provide for the dispensing of juices, fortified drinks, lactic acid drinks, oxygen-protein cocktails - to compensate for losses with sweat of salts and microelements. You need to drink often and little by little. The total amount of water, as a rule, is not limited, but it is better to regulate the volume of a single intake - no more than one glass. However, remember it is undesirable to drink more than 1.5 liters of fluid per day in order to avoid undue stress on the kidneys. It is not worth increasing the amount of water consumption for people with kidney and cardiovascular diseases.
If possible, to maintain immunity and reduce intoxication of the body, you need to eat fruits and vegetables.
To prevent injury - hot surfaces are insulated or fenced off, if necessary, a safe time (duration) of contact with the surface is set.
Outdoors, you must use hats, sunglasses.
Avoid fatty foods, minimize meat consumption (replace it with fish and seafood).
Shower with cool water throughout the day.

In conclusion, we give one more general rule Applicable to all situations: if you feel unwell, see a doctor immediately, do not try to "lie down" or "self-heal". In the hot season, the load on the heart increases, and the number of heart attacks increases. Do not be negligent about your health, take care of yourself.

Island area

27.10.2017, 18:36

Do you want your staff to always work efficiently? Agree that it is difficult to think about business when a person is in discomfort. Therefore, the temperature in the workplace must be appropriate. After reading our material, you will find out what temperature standards at the workplace are established by SanPiN for 2017 and in the future, what it should be in the office in winter and summer, and what the violation threatens the employer.

Why do we need SanPiN norms

Employers are obliged to create not only without hazardous conditions in the workplace, in the office, but also maintain a comfortable atmosphere. Including temperature, humidity level, etc. This follows from Article 21 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

The relevant standards are established so that working 8 hours a day (40 hours a week) does not harm the health of the employee. Besides, comfortable conditions have a positive effect on the performance of staff.

When setting the temperature standards in the working room, they must also pay attention to humidity, air speed, surface temperature, etc.

The indicators of the standards under consideration may differ, since the degree of workload and types of work are usually different. For example in foundries average temperature keeps in the region of 35-37 degrees. And what should be the temperature at the workplace in the office?

Office temperature

The less physical activity performed by a person, the warmer it should be in the room. Office workers spend most of their time at the computer, most of them move from office to office. Therefore, the temperature for such conditions is set taking into account these factors.

Of course, the temperature at the workplace in winter differs from the temperature at the workplace in summer. We will further demonstrate this clearly.

According to the norms of SanPiN 2017, the temperature at the workplace in the office in warm time year should be 23-25C with a relative humidity of 40-60%. In this case, the surface temperature is from 22 to 26C, and the air speed is up to 0.1 m / s.

In the cold season, the room should be from 22 to 24C (humidity and air speed are similar). The optimum surface temperature is 21-25C.

When making a decision, be guided by:

SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96<Гигиенические требования к микроклимату производственных помещений>(p. 5, 6, 7 and Appendix 1);
SanPiN 2.2.4.3359-16 "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for physical factors in the workplace."

Employers need to know exactly what the temperature should be in the working area, since non-compliance with the standards can be brought to responsibility.

Consequences of violation of SanPiN norms

When working conditions deviate from the norms and the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the duration of the working day should be reduced. For example, office staff can work indoors at 13C for no more than 1-4 hours.

Responsibility for this violation of labor legislation is provided for in Part 1 of Art. 5.27.1 Administrative Code of Russia. Employers and officials are fined:

2000 - 5000 rubles. for merchants;
50,000 - 80,000 for legal entities;
2000 - 5000 rubles. on officials.

Let us remind you once again that it is the employer's responsibility to create and maintain the temperature at the workplace in accordance with the SanPiN standards. To do this, use a variety of air conditioners, heaters, etc. Observing the established standards, you can avoid many conflicts, as well as downtime associated with employee diseases.

The amount in payment receipts increases on a quarterly basis, especially during a crisis period for the country. But at the same time the quality utilities leaves much to be desired. Difficult times come for tenants when the heating is turned off. In such a situation, the management companies responsible for the provision of DHW in apartment buildings, often work in bad faith and strive to evade responsibility.

Temperature standards

Of course, a lot depends on the preferences of the residents - some like it colder and settle for a low temperature of 18 ° C, others prefer cozy warmth and 24-25 ° C. But you need to know what temperature should be in our apartment according to the legislation, since not only the state of health and well-being of the family depends on this, but also the budget.

The temperature in the apartment is contained in “ GOST R 51617-2000. Housing and communal services. General technical conditions “. These are the values required to calculate the maximum output of the heating devices. Staircases in residential buildings should have a temperature of 14-20 ° C. This is the space that residents use for a short time, no more than an hour, and at the same time are dressed in outerwear.

In the inter-apartment corridors, as well as in the lobbies, the temperature is 16-22 ° C. In hallways, living rooms and kitchens with gas or electric stoves the temperature is 18-25 ° C. These premises are intended for permanent residence(i.e. more than 4 hours). Highest temperature 24 ° C - valid for bathroom calculations. Also, the norm is regulated Sanitary rules and SanPiN.

Medical standards for temperature conditions in a residential area

A little about what optimum temperature must be in the home for medical advice. The norms for living quarters are 22 ° C. This temperature provides high thermal comfort with an air humidity of 30%. If room temperature higher, it can cause irritation of the respiratory tract, the appearance of mucus, increased susceptibility to bacteria and viruses in the nose and throat. The only exception is the bathroom, where water vapor rises, and even more high temperatures do not threaten health.

When the child is at home, the temperature in the apartment should be raised by at least 1 degree, and in the bathroom or another room where he bathes, up to 28 degrees. In adult bedrooms, the temperature can be slightly cooler than in the living room - about 20 ° C. This figure guarantees more deep dream and therefore a better rest.

Heat rate control

In order to maintain the above recommendations and to minimize heating costs, it is necessary to properly control the heat norms, taking care of the thermal insulation of the house. It is necessary to seal the window and door frames... Do not cover radiators in the room, do not paint them with a thick layer of paint, and do not hang thick window curtains(heaters are usually installed under windows). Place furniture and equipment at a minimum distance of 1 meter from radiators.

It is recommended to regulate the temperature schedule of the heating system in individual rooms using manual or electronic thermostats. When installed even on an old heater, the electronic head can be adjusted to a temperature of up to 0.5 degrees, and programmed heat output for a whole week, taking into account the time of day and the habits of local residents.

Modern thermostats will also adjust the heat output in accordance with external conditions - warming or cooling outside, sunlight, etc. You do not need to completely turn off the heat, all you need to do is to lower the temperature, for example, by setting the economy mode to 15 ° C. A decrease in temperature even by 1 ° C increases heat savings by 5-7.5%.

Factors affecting temperature

The temperature readings in the apartment are influenced by many factors, primarily external. They fluctuate due to the following conditions:

turning off the heating;
climatic features of the place;
change of seasons;
individual features of individual apartments.

The heating temperature schedule also depends on where the property owners live. For example, in northern latitude it will differ from southern climate... The influence of factors like Atmosphere pressure and outdoor humidity also affect the normal value of the heat supply system in any month.

As the seasons change, the microclimate in the living rooms also differs. For example, during the winter months the temperature will be lower and during the hot season it will rise. When in the spring they stop supplying heat to the radiators, observing the shutdown schedule, the temperature in the apartment also drops. For middle latitudes, the optimal value in winter is about 22 degrees, and in summer - 25 degrees. Although at first glance, the difference of three degrees is insignificant, but it affects the well-being of everyone living in an apartment or private house.

Indoor climate control

When heating cuts occur, the temperature regime in the apartment must be monitored for the comfort of all citizens living in it. There are people who feel comfortable and comfortable in the hot months, they do not need to install climate control equipment. Also, some in the winter cold constantly ventilate the room. But all the requirements of the average inhabitant are reflected in the current regulations for any heat supply company for which a central shutdown schedule is set. heating appliances... After all, hypothermia, like overheating, has a negative effect on human health.

Among other things, norms also depend on gender. Women require higher temperature readings than men. Extremely carefully you need to observe the temperature regime in the apartment where the children live. They are not yet able to regulate their temperature, so they are prone to rapid overheating and freezing compared to adults. As a result, the heat rate for them should be stable and be about 22 degrees.

In accordance with the current sanitary standards, central temperature control systems must maintain indicators of at least and no more than 22 degrees, and all deviations from this value have a bad effect on well-being.

To maintain a normal temperature, certain conditions must be observed. Previously, the temperature was regulated using batteries, but to heat the room more, they used additional sources heat - various electric heaters, convectors, etc. To cool the room, they opened transoms and windows, thus solving the problem.

Today, scientific progress has made it possible to choose any climatic equipment that will provide comfortable conditions in apartments. For example, modern air conditioners not only cool the air flows coming from the street, but are also equipped with a heating function. They also have functions of dehumidification when the room is too humid, and purification of the air from harmful compounds.

The current sanitary regulations do not establish the temperature of the radiators. It is only important that the temperature in the housing corresponds to certain indicators, which is influenced by the differences in climatic conditions of the corresponding region. Indicators in the winter months should be at least 20 degrees. If this value is less, then services heat supply organization are of poor quality.

At the same time, property owners need:

strive to eliminate poor performance in the provision of public services;
demand from the management company when the heating is turned off unscheduled;
carefully seal up all the cracks in the windows and doors;
buy optional equipment for heating the room;
supply autonomous heating devices.

How to increase or decrease the temperature

By GOST the lowest indicator in the apartment must correspond to 15 degrees. With this value, although it is quite difficult and uncomfortable to live, but the management companies believe that all the standards have been met. Because of this, the population independently regulates the temperature regime, and when cold weather or massive heating shutdowns come, they install double-glazed windows or seal the windows. At worst, they include electric heaters or convectors.

And what to do when the constant temperature in the house reaches 28 degrees, which happens when the batteries are too hot. The highest indicator in the standard is 24 degrees, to which an error of 4 degrees is added. When thermostats are installed on the radiator, then there are no questions, you just need to adjust it to the required figure.

When there are no such devices on the battery, it is not very convenient to open the vents all the time because of the drafts in the room. If the apartment has Small child, then such actions are not a way out of the situation, for older people it is completely contraindicated. To fix the situation, you can:

turn off the tap in front of the radiator;
install an air recuperator.

By closing the ball valve in front of the battery, you will reduce the amount hot water that is served. The recuperator will allow the air flows to circulate correctly, and the air flow will enter the housing already warmed up.

Optimum temperature during the heating season

Kaya is clear from the above, the comfortable value in the apartment is established SNIP at 20-22 degrees. Possible indicators are determined in the range of 18-26 degrees, in accordance with the purpose of the housing. Kitchen, living rooms and the bathroom have different standards. Errors correspond to 3 degrees of decrease and 4 degrees of increase in indicators. Unfortunately, according to the current legislative acts, when the apartment is 15 degrees above zero, claims cannot be made against the management companies. Also at a temperature of 30 degrees, when in winter the batteries are heated to the maximum. Here, as they say, - if you want to live - be able to turn around and contact the appropriate authorities.

Responsibility of public utilities for violations of norms

According to the law, tenants and homeowners have the right to apply for recalculation to management companies, which are obliged to reduce by 0.15 percent for every hour of violation of standards. If we calculate, then for 28 days of improper provision of services, the payment is reduced to 90 percent. Naturally, the utilities themselves will not carry out such a recalculation, so you will have to go to the courts.

There are many cases where residents apartment buildings sued the utilities for money for not fully provided or low-quality services. For example, three years ago, Perm region managed to collect 136 thousand rubles from the management company for violating their obligations to provide heat to the apartment. Therefore, you should defend your rights and apply to.

Conclusion

The management company at the place of residence is obliged to provide the temperature according to the current standards and regulations. As a result, in the case of identified cases of non-compliance with the quality heating services you need to inform this organization and, if required, draw up an act.

If it comes to a private residential building, then it is necessary to control the supplied heating devices, increasing the efficiency of the batteries or to modern efficient devices.