Types of foundation waterproofing treatment. Foundation waterproofing - materials, technologies, tips The best way to coat a foundation for waterproofing

The distinctive feature of a strip foundation lies in its very name. It is a closed chain - a “tape” (reinforced concrete strip laid under load-bearing walls). Thanks to the use strip foundation resistance to the forces of soil heaving increases, while the risk of skewing or subsidence of the building is minimized.

Strip foundation - photo of a freshly poured structure

It is this kind of foundation that is built on dry or heaving soils. Moreover, the greater the weight of the future structure, the deeper the foundation is laid (sometimes even up to 3 m, depending on the depth of soil freezing and the level of the groundwater).

These and other characteristics are regulated by GOST 13580-85 and SNiP 2.02.01.83.

GOST 13580-85. REINFORCED CONCRETE PLATES FOR STRIP FOUNDATIONS. Specifications. File for download

SNiP 2.02.01-83. FOUNDATIONS OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES. File for download

During construction, special attention is paid to waterproofing, since the strength, quality and durability of the structure will depend on it. In the absence of protection, groundwater and precipitation can significantly damage concrete, and the consequences can be the most tragic - from permanent dampness to subsidence and cracking of walls. For this reason, waterproofing a strip foundation with your own hands is one of the most critical stages.

Waterproofed foundation - photo

Below is the average soil freezing depth in different regions. If your region is not in the table, then you need to focus on the one that is closest to others.

Regardless of the chosen insulation method (we will talk about them a little later), you must adhere to a number of technical requirements in your work.

You should definitely take into account the groundwater level, because the type of insulation depends on it.
It is also necessary to take into account the conditions of future operation of the facility (if, for example, a warehouse is being built, then the requirements for waterproofing will be more stringent).
It is also necessary to remember about the possibility of flooding during large floods or precipitation (this especially applies to loose soil).
The force of soil “swelling” during frost also plays a role important role(during defrosting/freezing, the structure and volume of water changes, which can lead not only to the rise of the soil, but also to the destruction of the foundation).

Basic methods of water protection

Waterproofing can be of two types - vertical and horizontal. Let's consider each of the options.

Important information! When constructing the foundation, there is no need to save money and abandon the sand “cushion”. Sand is needed not only to prevent concrete leakage, but also to prevent washout of the structure.

It is carried out during the construction of the foundation, and additional time (15-17 days) for preparatory activities may be required. The main function of such insulation is to protect the base in the horizontal plane (mainly from capillary groundwater). An important component of horizontal waterproofing is drainage system, which is arranged at high level groundwater.

It is worth noting that under the “tape” there should be enough solid foundation, on top of which the waterproofing layer will be laid. Often, for this purpose, a “cushion” is cast that is slightly wider than that of the future foundation. In the absence of a need for high quality(for example, if the foundation is being built for a bathhouse), it is enough to prepare a screed of sand and cement in a 2:1 ratio. During the Soviet era, asphalt screed was made, but today this technology is practically not used.

The horizontal waterproofing procedure consists of several stages.

Stage 1. The bottom of the pit dug under the foundation is covered with a sand “cushion” about 20-30 cm thick (clay can be used instead of sand) and thoroughly compacted.

Stage 3. When the screed dries (this takes about 12-14 days), it is covered with bitumen mastic and a layer of roofing material is attached. Then the procedure is repeated: applying mastic - attaching roofing felt. Another screed of the same thickness is poured on top of the second layer.

Stage 4. When the concrete hardens, the construction of the foundation itself begins, the surfaces of which are additionally covered with vertical types of waterproofing (they will be discussed later).

Important information! If the building is constructed from a log frame, then it is necessary to waterproof the top of the foundation, since the first crown will be installed there. Otherwise, the wood may rot.

Drainage

Drainage may be required in two cases:

if soil permeability is low and water accumulates rather than being absorbed by it;
if the depth of the foundation is lower than or corresponds to the depth of groundwater.

The algorithm of actions for arranging the drainage system should be as follows.

Stage 1. Along the perimeter of the structure - approximately 80-100 cm from the foundation - a small pit is dug, 25-30 cm wide. The depth should exceed the depth of pouring the foundation by 20-25 cm. It is important that the pit has a slight slope in the direction of the drainage basin, where water will accumulate.

Stage 2. The bottom is covered with geotextile, and the edges of the material must be folded onto the walls by at least 60 cm. After this, a 5-centimeter layer of gravel is poured.

Stage 3. A special drainage pipe is installed on top, maintaining a slope towards the catchment of 0.5 cm/1 linear. m.

Laying the pipe on geotextiles and backfilling with crushed stone

Thanks to this design, water will flow into drainage pipe, and it (the pipe) will not become clogged. The moisture will be drained into a drainage tank (this can be a well or a pit, and the dimensions depend on the influx of water and are determined individually).

Prices for a drainage well

drainage well

Vertical waterproofing

Vertical type insulation is the treatment of walls of a finished foundation. There are several ways to protect the foundation, which are possible both during the construction of the building and after construction.

Table. Strengths and weaknesses of the most popular waterproofing options

Material	Operational life	Easy to repair	Elasticity	Strength	Cost, per m²
	From 5 to 10 years	★★★☆☆	★★★★★	★★☆☆☆	About 680 rubles
Polyurethane mastic	From 50 to 100 years	★★★☆☆	★★★★★	★★☆☆☆	About 745 rubles
Rolled bitumen materials	From 20 to 50 years	★☆☆☆☆	-	★☆☆☆☆	About 670 rubles
Polymer membranes (PVC, TPO, etc.)	From 50 to 100 years	-	★☆☆☆☆	★★★☆☆	About 1300 rubles

Inexpensive and simple, and therefore the most popular method of waterproofing the foundation. It involves complete treatment with bitumen mastic, which penetrates into all cracks and voids and prevents moisture from entering the house.

Important information! When choosing one or the other bitumen mastic pay attention to the markings - this will help you find out the heat resistance of the material. For example, mastic marked MBK-G-65 has a heat resistance (for five hours) of 65°C, and MBK-G-100 – 100°C, respectively.

Advantages of bitumen mastic:

ease of use (can be done alone);
affordable price;
elasticity.

Flaws:

low speed of work (requires application of several layers, which takes a lot of time);
not the best water resistance (even high-quality application does not guarantee 100% protection);
fragility (after 10 years you will have to re-treat the foundation).

The process of applying mastic itself is extremely simple and consists of several stages.

Stage 1. Surface preparation. Below are the basic requirements.

The surface of the foundation must be solid, with chamfered or rounded (ø40-50 mm) edges and corners. In places where the vertical and horizontal transitions, fillets are made - this way the joining surfaces will be joined more smoothly.
Sharp protrusions that appear where formwork elements meet are extremely dangerous for bitumen. These projections are removed.
Concrete areas covered with air bubbles are rubbed with fine-grained cement mortar based on dry construction mixture. Otherwise, bubbles will appear in the freshly applied mastic, which will burst 10 minutes after application.

Also, dirt and dust should be removed from the surface and then dried thoroughly.

Important information! The humidity of the base is a very important indicator and should not exceed 4%. At a higher rate, the mastic will swell or begin to peel off.

Testing the base for moisture is quite simple: you need to lay it on concrete surface a piece of PE film measuring 1x1 m. And if after 24 hours there is no condensation on the film, then you can safely proceed to further work.

Stage 2. In order to increase adhesion, the prepared base is primed with a bitumen primer.

You can go the other way and prepare a primer from bitumen yourself. To do this, bitumen grade BN70/30 must be diluted with a quickly evaporating solvent (for example, gasoline) in a ratio of 1:3.

One layer of primer is applied over the entire surface, and two at the junction points. This can be done with either a brush or a roller. After the primer has dried, the actual mastic is applied.

Stage 3. The bitumen block is broken into small pieces and melted in a bucket over a fire.

It is recommended to add a small amount of “working off” during heating. Then liquid bitumen is applied in 3-4 layers. It is important that the material does not cool down in the container, because when heated again, it partially loses its properties.

The total thickness of the waterproofing layer depends on the depth of pouring the base (see table).

Table. Ratio of bitumen layer thickness to foundation depth

Stage 4. After drying, the bitumen should be protected, since it can be damaged when backfilled with soil containing debris. To do this, you can use rolled geotextiles or EPS insulation.

Prices for bitumen mastic

bitumen mastic

Video - Insulating the foundation with EPPS

Reinforcement

Bituminous insulation requires reinforcement for:

cold seams;
the junction of surfaces;
cracks in concrete, etc.

Fiberglass and fiberglass fabrics are often used for reinforcement.

The fiberglass material must be buried in the first layer of bitumen and rolled using a roller - this will ensure a tighter fit. As soon as the mastic has dried, the next layer is applied. It is important that the fiberglass material is laid with an overlap of 10 cm in both directions.

Reinforcement will provide more uniform distribution load on the entire insulating strip, minimizes the elongation of bitumen in places where cracks have opened and, as a result, significantly extends the service life.

Prices for fiberglass

fiberglass

It can serve as both the main protection and a supplement to the applied bitumen mastic. Typically, roofing felt is used for this.

Among the advantages of the method are:

low cost;
availability;
good service life (about 50 years).

As for the shortcomings, this can only include the fact that you cannot cope with the work alone. The algorithm of actions should be as follows.

Stage 1.

Unlike the previous method, there is no need to carefully apply the material, since mastic is needed solely for fastening roll waterproofing to the base.

Stage 2. Using a burner, the roofing material is slightly heated from below, after which it is applied to a layer of hot bitumen. Sheets of roofing felt are joined with an overlap of 10-15 cm, all joints are processed with a torch.

Stage 3. After attaching the roofing felt, you can backfill the foundation, since additional protection is not required here.

Important information! Ruberoid can be replaced by more modern materials, which are fused to the base. These can be polymer films or canvases with bitumen-polymer coating (for example, Izoelast, Technoelast, etc.).

Prices for roofing material

roofing felt

Video - Waterproofing with roofing felt

This method is extremely simple to perform and is used for waterproofing and leveling the foundation surface. Here advantages of plaster waterproofing:

simplicity;
high speed;
affordable cost of materials.

Flaws:

low water resistance;
short service life (about 15 years);
possible appearance of cracks.

There is nothing complicated in the application process. First, using dowels, a putty mesh is attached to the foundation, then it is prepared plaster mixture with waterproof components. The mixture is applied to the foundation using a spatula. After the plaster has dried, the soil is filled in.

Essentially, it is a dispersion of polymer-modified bitumen particles in water. The composition is sprayed onto the base, providing high-quality waterproofing. Advantages this method are as follows:

high quality waterproofing;
no need for special skills;
durability.

But there is also flaws:

high cost of the composition;
low speed of operation in the absence of a sprayer.

In addition, liquid rubber cannot be purchased everywhere. The same type of composition, which comes in two types, is quite suitable for the foundation.

Elastomix - applied in 1 layer, hardens for about 2 hours. No further storage after opening the package.
Elastopaz – more cheap option, however, it is already applied in 2 layers. Typically, Elastopaz can be stored even after opening the package.

Stage 1. The surface is cleaned of dirt and debris.

Stage 2. The foundation is coated with a special primer. As an alternative, you can use a mixture of liquid rubber and water (ratio 1:1).

Stage 3. After an hour, when the primer has dried, a waterproofing material is applied (in one or two layers, depending on the type of composition). It is advisable to use a sprayer for this, but you can use a roller or brush instead.

Prices for liquid rubber

liquid rubber

Video - Treating the base with liquid rubber

Penetrating insulation

On the base, previously cleaned of dirt and slightly moistened with water, a special mixture (Penetron, Aquatro, etc.) is applied with a sprayer, penetrating into the structure approximately 150 mm. It is important that the solution is applied in two or three layers.

Basic advantages:

effective protection;
the ability to treat surfaces inside the building;
ease of operation;
long service life.

Flaws:

low prevalence of such solutions;
high price.

Making a clay castle

A simple but at the same time effective way to protect the base from moisture. First, a pit 0.5-0.6 m deep is dug around the foundation, then the bottom is filled with a 5-centimeter gravel or crushed stone “pillow”. After this, clay is poured in several stages (each layer is carefully compacted). The clay itself will serve as a buffer against moisture.

The only advantage of the method is its ease of implementation.

A clay castle is only suitable for wells and household objects. If we are talking, for example, about a residential building, then this method can only be used as an addition to the existing waterproofing.

This method of protecting the foundation appeared relatively recently and consists of the following: to the cleaned surface of the foundation using mounting gun or dowels, mats that are filled with clay are nailed. The mats should be laid with an overlap of approximately 12-15 cm. Sometimes special clay concrete panels are used instead of mats, and in this case the joints must be additionally processed.

Overlap - photo

In principle, screen insulation is an improved option clay castle, therefore can only be used for utility buildings.

To sum it up. Which option should I choose?

The optimal option for waterproofing a strip foundation should include both horizontal and vertical waterproofing. If, for one reason or another, horizontal insulation was not laid during construction, then it is better to resort to bitumen mastic or special plaster. But, we repeat, this will be most effective only in combination with horizontal type protection.

If the question of how to treat the foundation base from moisture is being resolved, consider different types materials for vertical and horizontal protection. They differ in structure and properties. Waterproofing is carried out on the external and internal walls of the base of the house. In each case, different technologies for protecting the structure are used.

Using moisture-resistant materials, the strength of the foundation of the house increases. To improve the properties of the foundation, it is recommended to coat the internal and external surfaces. The outer walls of the object's base are more susceptible to the negative effects of precipitation. For this reason it should Special attention devote to these areas of the foundation. Vertical insulation is installed on the outer walls. The base is protected from moisture using different types of materials:

coating materials: bitumen mastics, polymer compositions, cement-based mixtures (combined);
coloring (waterproofing paints) - applied on top of a plastered wall, which means that other types of insulation must be laid inside the structure (between the foundation and the plaster layer);
lining: roofing felt, roofing felt.

Only rolled materials are used as horizontal waterproofing. This is due to the fact that coating analogues are not strong enough. Horizontal moisture-resistant coatings are used to protect residential premises from moisture penetrating from below: they are laid on areas between the foundation and the external surface ground floor. Such work is part of building a facility from scratch. If the building is already ready, it will not be possible to install horizontal insulation.

Installation of moisture-resistant material outside the base of the house in most cases is carried out during the construction stage. However, if such a need arises, you can isolate the foundation according to outside. For this purpose, a layer of plaster is removed, the rough surface is restored and waterproofing is installed, after which fine finishing. At the same time, a drainage system is being installed around the perimeter of the foundation.

Internal waterproofing can be performed both at the stage of constructing a facility from scratch, and after completion of construction, during repair work. In this case they use different types materials: roll, coating. Considering that indoors the negative influence of moisture and mechanical load is less intense, it is permissible to use coating insulation.

Penetrating waterproofing

This type of composition protects concrete structures from destruction. It is used at different stages of construction: during the construction of the foundation, as well as in cases where it is planned to produce renovation work to restore the foundation of the facility. Protection of the walls of the basement of the house is ensured by applying solutions with penetrating ability. At the same time, the process of modifying the properties of the processed material is activated.

Such formulations contain chemical additives. After they are applied to the surface, a moisture-protective layer is formed not outside, but inside the foundation. These solutions are capable of penetrating to a depth of 12 cm relative to the outer surface of the base, where the active substances crystallize, closing the pores. As a result, concrete loses its adsorbing ability and becomes water-repellent.

Penetrating compounds have many positive qualities:

the treated surface of the foundation does not lose its ability to “breathe”;
increased resistance to low temperatures;
it is permissible to apply the solution to a wet structure;
there is no need to pre-level the foundation;
the foundation of the house is strengthened, since the reinforcing frame inside it is not subject to corrosion.

Concrete acquires the property of water resistance after treating the entire surface or point injection (injection) into cracks or other leaks in the foundation structure. However, penetrating compounds should not be used as the primary measure. They are highly effective only when combined with the use of other types of insulation. Thus, it is permissible to simultaneously use coating and pasting materials.

This type of coverage has limitations. Thus, penetrating compounds cannot be used to treat porous materials (foam and aerated concrete), since they are characterized by a larger pore size than classic concrete. The considered waterproofing option is not recommended to be applied to brick walls. In this case, it may be ineffective. Penetrating insulation is not used to protect the foundation, which is built from concrete blocks (joints are weak points).

Rolled adhesive waterproofing

Types of materials: based on bitumen, polymer compounds, synthetic coatings. Installation work is carried out according to a similar principle in each case: first, insulation is laid, the strips are laid overlapping, and coating insulation is used to fasten it to the surface. This increases the reliability of the coating.

If it is necessary to protect the foundation from the negative influence of groundwater, it is recommended to use the option of installing a multilayer coating. First, the concrete is treated with a penetrating compound. After this, liquid insulation is used to attach roll material. The steps are repeated several more times. For a foundation, applying 4-5 layers of waterproofing is considered sufficient. This amount is enough to ensure the strength of the coating.

Coating waterproofing

Cement-polymer, bitumen and polymer-bitumen mixtures are popular. They are used to treat the base of the house inside and out. However, there are some restrictions on use. Thus, on the outside of the foundation, it is preferable to use cement-based compositions with polymer additives. They are durable, moisture resistant, and not susceptible to negative factors.

Bitumen and polymer-bitumen mastics are recommended to be used together with other types of materials if you plan to apply them on the outside of the foundation. Such mixtures are inferior to analogues in strength, resistance to mechanical damage. Bituminous mastics are more often used inside. Before applying waterproofing of this type, the surface is prepared, cleaned, and primed.

How to protect a brick plinth from moisture?

If you plan to finish the foundation with bricks, you should consider purchasing more expensive material. Thus, there is a brick with improved characteristics - treated with impregnations that increase its strength and moisture resistance. However, you should be aware that this material requires additional protection in the form waterproofing coating, if the question of how to protect the base from moisture is being resolved.

The surface is cleaned and primed. Then coating insulation (any type of it) is applied. Rolled material is laid on top, roofing felt is often used. Then the actions are repeated 3-4 more times. In total, there should be up to 5 layers of insulation on the surface of the foundation.

Penetrating foundation waterproofing – modern and reliable way protection based on the ability of special compounds to fill the pores of concrete with water-insoluble crystals, thereby creating a water barrier while maintaining the vapor permeability of the material.

The working principle of penetrating waterproofing

Concrete is a porous material, which is what determines its ability to absorb water. Tiny channels called capillaries allow water molecules to pass through to a considerable depth. Microcracks filled with moisture expand when water freezes, and the capillary permeability of concrete increases. Concrete ages, deteriorates, and begins to leak. In the presence of water and air, the reinforcement inside structures rusts, and corrosion products contribute to further destruction of the material.

The most severe conditions are found in structures that are in direct contact with the soil, for example, the foundation of a building: in addition to water, it is affected by slightly alkaline or acidic soil components. Tested and popular methods of foundation waterproofing, such as or, protect only the surface of the foundation, and at the slightest damage they begin to leak water. That is why, in addition to waterproofing, drainage is installed to remove moisture from the foundation walls.

Penetrating waterproofing has a completely different operating principle. The components of waterproofing solutions and mixtures interact with calcium and aluminum ions contained in concrete, forming complex crystalline hydrates. The pores and capillaries in the concrete gradually become overgrown with needle-shaped crystals, leaving small gaps through which water molecules can penetrate in the form of steam. In this case, capillary suction of water becomes impossible due to the surface tension of water droplets.

Filling of the pores and capillaries of concrete occurs with the direct participation of water, so penetrating waterproofing can be carried out on wet foundations. The waterproofing layer is not limited to the concrete surface: crystal growth continues and, with sufficient moisture, can penetrate to a concrete depth of up to 0.6 meters. Thanks to this property, it is possible to waterproof the foundation both outside and inside the building, which is especially convenient when repairing the foundations of old buildings.

Types of penetrating waterproofing

For various waterproofing works They use different types of penetrating waterproofing:

An aqueous solution for treating intact concrete by brush or spray. Used primarily on new structures;
Mixture for application with a spatula. Creates a layer up to 2 mm, recommended for restoration and waterproofing of old concrete structures;
Waterproofing seams. Quite a thick mixture intended for repair and waterproofing of seams. Used in combination with a liquid solution;
Compositions for repair and elimination of severe leaks. Used when it is necessary to repair damage in concrete.

Technology for treating foundations with liquid solutions

It is used when processing new concrete block or monolithic foundations, both outside and inside the building. After treatment, a durable waterproofing layer is formed; during operation, upon contact with water, crystallization resumes.

The surface is cleaned of dust, dirt, grease stains and bitumen. To better penetrate the solution into the pores of smooth concrete, you can sandblast it or clean it with a wire brush. Protruding parts of the fittings are cleaned of rust. The surface is washed with water under pressure until the concrete is completely wetted.
The composition is mixed according to the instructions on the package, pouring water into the dry mixture and mixing thoroughly. You should get a mixture with the consistency of liquid sour cream.
The composition is applied with a wide brush in two layers, the exposure time of the first layer is from 2 to 6 hours. When applying the second layer after 6 hours, the surface of the first layer must be cleaned with a brush. Application of the composition is possible both from the street and from the inside basement. To waterproof damaged foundation structures, the solution is diluted to a thick paste-like consistency and applied with a spatula in a layer of about 2 mm.
Application decorative covering possibly no earlier than 21 days after penetrating waterproofing of the foundation.

Technology of penetrating waterproofing of joints and seams

It is used for treating seams, joints, cracks together with liquid penetrating waterproofing. Can also be used to restore damaged concrete surfaces.

The concrete surface is cleaned of dirt and dust and washed with water. The cracks are opened by removing the remaining cement mortar; grooves measuring 2.5x2.5 cm are made at the joints using a grinder or a hammer drill.
Moisten the cracks and grooves generously with water using a brush or spray bottle. Treat the cracks with a liquid solution of penetrating waterproofing and leave for 2 to 6 hours.
Mixed required amount dry mixture with water to the consistency of plasticine. Place the mixture into cracks and seams using your hands or a spatula. If it is necessary to repair large cracks, fine gravel must be added to the solution. When waterproofing concrete structures with traces of destruction, the mixture is applied with a spatula in a layer of up to 13 mm, in several layers.

An hour after the waterproofing solution has set, it is necessary to treat the seams with a liquid waterproofing solution.

Foundation repair technology using penetrating waterproofing

This technology is used to eliminate leaks with strong hydrostatic pressure; it is based on the property of the mixture to quickly form a waterproof concrete plug at the site of damage to the foundation.

A crack or damaged seam must be opened, deepened, and given the shape of a cone expanding inward.
Prepare a solution of a thick paste-like consistency so that it can be used to mold a plug in the shape of a hole in the concrete. All work must be carried out very quickly: mixing - no more than 2 minutes, sealing a crack or hole - 3 minutes.
Insert the resulting plug into the ravine and press firmly with your hands or an improvised object for 1-2 minutes. During this time, the solution sets and active crystallization begins.
The surface of the repaired gulley is leveled using a solution for joints and seams, and then treated with a liquid solution for penetrating waterproofing.

There are also means used in the construction of concrete monolithic foundation: they are introduced into the finished concrete in the form aqueous solution in the calculated quantity. Concrete with such additives is resistant to moisture, mechanically strong, and inert towards aggressive liquids.

All work on applying penetrating waterproofing must be carried out in durable rubber gloves, glasses, avoiding contact of solutions and pastes with the skin. For repairing the foundations of old buildings made of brick, concrete, natural stone Injection penetrating insulation is also used.

The main enemy of the foundation is moisture, which penetrates the pores of concrete and destroys it. Therefore, the main task in the construction process can be called protecting the base of the building from the negative effects of moisture. The most affordable and most popular option is coating waterproofing.

Materials for coating waterproofing

Modern means for protecting foundations and others building structures from the negative effects of moisture are represented by the following types:

Bitumen-based mastics. These waterproofing materials can be used cold or hot. In the first case, the material is already ready for use, the second option involves preheating to a temperature of 180 degrees. You can read a detailed article about.
Primers. These materials do not provide direct protection from moisture, but they are an excellent surface preparation for applying waterproofing. The primer increases the adhesion of the moisture-protective composition to the surface being treated, while simultaneously moisturizing and strengthening it. Read also in more detail about.
Bituminous varnishes. This material can be used without preliminary preparation. After uniform application of the varnish, an aesthetic glossy coating is formed on the surface, preventing the penetration of moisture.
Water-based mastics. Liquid bitumen-based material, which does not have organic additives, can be applied to the foundation walls using a brush or roller. The use of a sprayer is also possible. Water-based mastic dries within one hour and forms a thin elastic film on the surface.
Emulsion mastics. The material, which does not contain organic additives, has high waterproofing characteristics. The main advantage of such waterproofing is the possibility of using it indoors, for example, in the basement.
Cement compositions with polymer additives. The material does not require preheating and can be used for outdoor and interior works. The low demand for the material is due to too high flow rate, which makes it more expensive than bitumen waterproofing materials.

Features of using coating waterproofing

Of all the listed materials for coating waterproofing it is necessary to choose the most suitable option. This is explained by the peculiarities of using coating-type waterproofing.

If the foundation experiences insignificant groundwater pressure during operation, then it is possible to waterproof its surface with hot bitumen-based mastic. The use of cold bitumen mastic is not allowed even if there is the slightest groundwater pressure on the foundation walls.

A fairly significant factor is the temperature of the air and the base when carrying out waterproofing work. Most formulations have recommendations on surface temperature, which should not be lower than +5 degrees. In particular we're talking about about water-based bitumen mastics and cement mixtures. Mastics based on organic solvents can be used for negative temperature air, but provided that the surface is completely dry. Otherwise, the bitumen composition will begin to peel off from the surface.

The type of surface is no less important. For example, bitumen mastics require a perfectly flat primed surface; in most cases they are used for concrete, iron and wooden surfaces. Cement-based waterproofing compounds can be used on any surface, including brick. However, it is worth considering their high cost and more careful care after application.

You should also pay attention to the speed of application of some types of coating-type waterproofing materials. For example, when processing large areas, it is better to give preference to bitumen-latex emulsions, the speed of application of which increases due to the use special devices. Some compositions become thick after a certain time, therefore, when long work they must be heated or a special solvent added to the mixture. Bitumen mastics that are used in cold weather should also be heated.

Advantages and disadvantages of coating waterproofing

Protection of the foundation from soil moisture and groundwater using special liquid formulations is the most effective way. However, this type also tends to have its pros and cons.

The following can be noted as advantages:

The protective layer is applied quite simply. In this case, the work can be carried out independently without the involvement of qualified specialists.
The price of this type of waterproofing is affordable for most consumers.

Among the disadvantages, you should pay attention to the following points:

The use of bitumen compounds without specific additives leads to a decrease in the quality of waterproofing. In some cases, such waterproofing begins to crack and peel off when the temperature drops slightly.
When the foundation is destroyed or deformed, the waterproofing layer is destroyed.

Characteristics of materials for coating waterproofing

Any construction material endowed with certain technical characteristics, liquid waterproofing materials are no exception in this regard.

Bituminous mastics are applied in a layer of up to 5 mm; they can stretch up to 300% when broken. Softening of the material occurs at a temperature of 100 0 C, and the operational period is up to 6 years.

Cement-polymer mastics are applied in a layer of up to 4 mm, provide good adhesion to concrete, but at temperatures below -20 0 C they become brittle. Flawless operation of such compositions is ensured for 5-8 years.

The protective coating made of polymer mastics has a thickness of no more than 2 mm; when broken, the material can elongate by 300%. It is recommended to apply the material at temperatures from +5 to +30 degrees, and to use - from -30 to +60 degrees. If all conditions are met, the service life can be about 15 years.

Coating-type waterproofing technology

You can protect the foundation from the negative effects of soil moisture and groundwater using liquid waterproofing materials with your own hands, since this process is distinguished by its simplicity. A specific scheme is used to carry out the work.

Surface preparation

Before applying any waterproofing material, a series of preparatory activities. First, dust and dirt are removed from the surface, then a visual inspection is carried out, as a result of which the presence of unevenness and cracks is revealed. Protruding parts should be removed or reduced to a height of no more than 3 cm, depressions should be covered with cement mortar, cracks should be rubbed special composition. The protruding parts of the reinforcing bars are also removed, and the resulting voids are sealed with cement.

Foundation priming

The primer must be applied to the surface of any foundation. This makes the adhesion of the waterproofing to the surface being treated stronger and of higher quality. The type of primer is determined by the material that is supposed to be used for moisture protection. Before applying bitumen mastic or organic-based composition, the surface should be treated with special primers on a similar basis. This type of primer can be applied with a paint roller, and corners or hard to reach places needs to be coated with a brush. The primer must be thoroughly dried, this may take about 5 hours. After this time, you can proceed to the next stage of waterproofing the foundation.

For bitumen-polymer waterproofing compositions, it is recommended to use bitumen varnish as a base. It will increase the adhesion of materials several times. Apply the varnish with a brush or spray. In the latter case, the mandatory use of personal protective equipment is required.

Application of waterproofing material

After the primer layer has dried, the first layer of waterproofing is applied. Most compounds are applied using a brush or spatula. If the working surface has a large area, it is recommended to use a roller.

The mastic should be carefully distributed over the surface, while avoiding the formation of gaps. It is best to make vertical brush strokes. If several layers are to be applied, then each previous layer must dry well.

Waterproofing the foundation using liquid materials in cold period year requires mandatory heating of the compositions to a certain temperature.

Surface reinforcement (if necessary)

If coating-type waterproofing is performed on a recently constructed foundation, then the surface requires reinforcement. The fact is that the new foundation has not yet gone through the shrinkage process, so cracking or deformation of the waterproofing layer is possible.

Fiberglass is used as a reinforcing material. The material is laid on the first layer of mastic and it is completely impregnated with the composition used.

Coating-type waterproofing can be used as independent or additional protection of the foundation from moisture.

The foundation serves as the foundation for the house, and the service life of the entire building will depend on its integrity.

The concrete foundation is constantly exposed to harmful effects precipitation, sunlight, cold. This leads to chipping and shedding of the outer layer of cement, reducing the strength of the foundation. The easiest way to protect it is with the help of special compounds.

Concrete dye has good vapor permeability and does not let moisture in. Water-dispersed and organic dyes meet these requirements.

Foundation coatings can be decorative, protective, or mixed. The type of paint is chosen for specific operating conditions.

In a warm, dry climate, protection is not needed for the regions of the far north, and this saves materials. The following compositions are popular:

Acrylic paints. Compositions based on acrylic resins and polymers, water-soluble. After drying they form protective film With outside foundation, which protects well from precipitation and allows the wall to breathe.

Pros of acrylic:

Easy to apply, dries quickly, one coat is enough for concrete;
Good hiding power, low consumption;
After drying, it is resistant to moisture and chemicals;
Well tinted;
Odorless, safe;
Low price.

This type of dye is the most common.

Latex paints. Water-based compositions with the addition of latex. It forms a durable and elastic film on the surface that transfers external influences than acrylic.

Advantages:

Water-repellent properties, high mechanical strength of the coating;
The composition seals microcracks well and does not burst when temperature changes;
Low consumption per 1 square meter;
Apply directly onto wet concrete, but not above 50% humidity.
Two-component epoxy compounds.

This type of coating is one of the most durable, its service life reaches 20-25 years. It is based on formaldehyde resin and a special hardener. Paints of this type are used for unprepared coatings and already plastered foundations.

It is recommended to place it on fresh concrete, and the drying time is at least 24 hours. Consumption is high - 3-5 kg per square meter. When working with it, it is mandatory to use protective equipment.

Polyurethane enamels. It is mixed from two components and forms a strong solid after hardening. glossy surface in the form of a polymer film having the following properties:

Penetrate 3-5 mm deep, the thickness of the outer film is about 200 microns;
Crystallizes in the pores, which prevents its further peeling;
Strengthens the surface of concrete even of weak grades (M100, M200);
Heat-resistant, tolerates negative temperatures well;
Fireproof.

The use of this coating is considered optimal, but the high price and darkening after a few years do not always allow its use in outdoor facades. Complete drying time is 1-2 weeks.

Alkyd paints. All of them contain alkyd resins from mineral and vegetable oils. Paints of this type dry quickly, are easy to apply, but are fire hazardous and will require 2-3 layers of application to concrete. The most popular brand is PF.

Advantages of alkyd compositions:

Penetrates deeper into the pores of concrete than water-based paints;
Resistant to chemicals detergents and UV rays;
Inexpensive, available in stores;
Economical, dries quickly.

Oil-based paints based on drying oil can also be used for painting the foundation and base. Its disadvantage is darkening over time and low mechanical strength. To ensure that oil paint lasts as long as possible, it is applied to dry and clean concrete.

Which one is better to choose?

The foundation is divided into underground part and base. Each of them has its own coverage. For buried foundations, use a primer based on bitumen or analogues. The main thing is to ensure and completely eliminate contact of concrete with the ground.

The outer protruding part has a decorative function, so it is carefully leveled and painted. The stone and brickwork finish looks interesting. This coating is painted with simple acrylic or latex paints.

Otherwise, it is preferable to use two-component formulations. The basement side of the foundation can simply be whitened by adding copper sulfate or another antifungal agent to the solution.

Tools

Painting the base begins with the selection of tools and materials.

For work we will need:

Brushes different widths and rollers with a ditch, it is better to choose pile material roller - it wears out less on a concrete surface;
Stiff brush and hose with water;
Shovel;
Gloves, protective equipment.

To prepare a wall for painting, cement is used to seal cracks and a primer is applied before painting.

The use of primer reduces the absorption of concrete and reduces paint consumption. The quantity is calculated based on the characteristics of the paint and its consumption.

Painting the foundation of a house

Painting the foundation yourself is not difficult; follow the recommendations:

Pre-clean the concrete from contamination with a brush and a stream of water from a hose, and allow it to dry thoroughly;
Using a shovel, the layer of turf in front of the foundation is removed and the blind area is leveled;
The chips are carefully processed and puttied with liquid, let it dry for at least a day so that the next layer can be applied;
Using a roller, cover the entire concrete foundations, it will provide adhesion to the paint and fill the pores of the concrete;
Before use, the paint is diluted to the desired consistency with water or solvent, and lumps are removed;
The paint is applied with a roller, having previously rolled it over the ditch. In narrow places and corners it is more convenient to use a brush. It is convenient to cover large areas using a spray gun.

The coating is left until completely dry and a second layer is applied.

Put the soil back.

Fence foundation

High-quality concrete does not require additional protection. For a massive fence, a shallow strip foundation or a columnar foundation is used. The coating can perform a decorative function and fit organically into the design of the fence or purely protective. Concrete fence painted entirely.

For reliable protection epoxy is used paints and varnishes and polyurethane. Paint based on liquid glass and silicone, for example, Alfasil.

Watch additional video:

The technology for painting a fence is no different from painting the base of a house: the concrete is cleaned, leveled, primed, and then a layer of paint is applied. The best dyes for decorative painting fence foundations are acrylic paints water based.