Warm plaster for internal works: basic views. Technology Application of thermal insulation plaster High-quality warm plaster for internal works

Thermal insulation plasters not so long ago appeared in the construction market. But already won their popularity. In some cases, it can give the opportunity to avoid unnecessary costs and then the final finish price will be significantly lower.

Today we will describe that it is a plaster mixture of thermal insulation, its parameters and application. Also on the video in this article you will be able to get acquainted in more detail with this material.

Features of thermal insulating plaster

The mixture of thermal insulation plaster has quite decent characteristics and has many positive qualities. It can be perfectly applied with her own hands, the technology is such as when applying a conventional cement composition (see Consider how to plaster with cement-sandy solution). But before buying it is worth knowing what you get.

Fire safety	These types of plaster have special fireproof fillers, such as vermiculite, perlite, foam glass. This made it possible to get a completely non-combustible final product belonging to the class NG. The heat-insulating plaster with the addition of foamed polystyrene is capable of burning, and therefore refers to the group G1.
Environmental purity	Many, widespread insulation are able to allocate malicious substances, which you can not say about warm plaster.
Multifunctionality	Such plaster can serve not only as a heat insulating layer, but also as a decorative finish, in the form of the finish layer. It can be used to align the construction surfaces.
Heat-insulating parameters	The plaster of this species, according to its technical properties, is not inferior to widespread types of plasters, and according to some indicators - exceeds. The layer of warm plaster in 50 mm, by thermal insulation indicators, is equal to the thickness of masonry in 2 bricks or the thickness of the heat-insulating layer, which is performed on the basis of polystyrene foam equal to 2-4 cm.
Physical parameters	Due to the above fillers, warm plaster on a lot of easier than ordinary types of plasters, and therefore it is not an additional load for building planes. At the same time, it perfectly falls on all types of surfaces.
Practical use	The technology of application of this type of plaster is absolutely compatible with the method of applying widespread species of plaster.

Types and types of warm plasters

Depending on the purpose, the heat-insulating plaster is divided into 2 main types:

The plaster is heat-insulating, which is used as a pre-layer for finishing decorative coatings. This layer serves as a rolling insulated layer and has thermal insulation properties similar to warm construction materials such as aerated concrete or cerarmoblock.
The heat-insulating plastering mixture has higher thermal insulation characteristics and high strength. They are used for the finish finish of building planes. This plaster has a thermal insulation indicators 2-3 times lower than aerated concrete, but 1.5-2 times higher than mineral wool. They produce several types of such plasters that have the same properties, but differ in composition.

Characteristic feature of warm plaster

These are the newest materials that meet the most modern demand. Its help can be quickly and effectively produce housing or other buildings.

At the same time, they have a number of undeniable advantages:

Unique thermal insulation characteristics, allowing to replace the masonry in 1.5-2 bricks or a layer of polystyrene foam, 2-4 cm thick. At the same time, the thickness of the plaster layer will not exceed 5 cm.
Low weight. It is 3-4 times lighter than traditional species of plasters. After drying, its share is 240-360kg per meter cubic.
Monolithium and homogeneity do not give her opportunities to turn and flavor. If there is damage to the external layer of plaster, it can be easily corrected.
Warm plaster well adhesion with all famous construction surfaces. Therefore, it can be applied directly on the surface without preliminary primer, as well as without the use of reinforcing grids, except if the layer of warm plaster exceeds a thickness of 50 mm. Warm plaster hold well on the surfaces of stone, concrete, brick, drywall, etc.
The application of warm plaster does not require special skills. They are produced in dry form and before applying them should be breeded with water. As a result, a fairly plastic mass is obtained with which it is easy to work, and the application does not require the use of special tools, while it can be applied both manually and using mechanical devices.
Most of the warm plasters are produced for applying a decorative layer. They have high strength indicators, have durability, have water-repellent properties. At the same time, they are able to breathe, and therefore they can be applied on any surface. Warm plaster can be painted with steamproof paints.
They are not only not burning, but are able to protect building structures from destruction during a fire. Such plasters with organic additives are not lit and do not support burning.

The composition of warm plaster

High technological properties are due to a well-balanced recipe. This high-tech product includes many different additives, such as hydropobicators, air ducting additives, plasticizers. About 40-75% of the volume make up small porous fillers, with the size of the grain to 2 mm.

The main binding substance is lime or white portland cement. Depending on the type of heat-insulating material used, warm plaster are divided into 2 types: with mineral or organic filler.

As mineral filler use:

Foamed perlite or vermiculite. These are natural materials of volcanic origin, stripped at elevated temperatures. These materials absorb moisture very well, so they are additionally treated with hydrophobizers. As a result of this processing, they are able to absorb moisture, after which it can easily evaporate.
A granular hollow foamless ball, which has excellent water repellent properties, and its mechanical strength allows us to create a final product with high mechanical strength.

ATTENTION: polystyrene foam granules obtained as a result of special technology are used as an organic filler. This material is water permeable, but less resistant to mechanical damage, therefore, such walls should be protected by finishing plaster or vapor-permeable paint.

The thickness of the applied layer

ATTENTION: On the basis of this, it is possible to conclude that the warm plaster performs the role of an additional thermal insulation layer, and it is simply not rational to apply it for a full insulation of the building, as it increases its consumption.

As calculations show, in order to actually insulate the building, with a thickness of the walls of 50 cm, you need to apply a layer of plaster, a thickness of 8 to 10 cm, and even more.
Warm plaster is available in bags of 7-10kg, which makes it possible to cover 1 square meter of surface with a layer of 2-2.5 cm.
When using such plaster in various regions, additional calculations are required, depending on the natural conditions, as well as the characteristics of the main building material, such as brick, foam blocks or aerated concrete.

Scope of heat-insulating plasters

Such plaster can be applied under different conditions both as the main insulation layer and auxiliary.

ATTENTION: Many elements of building structures are more convenient and more profitable to insulate precisely warm plaster, such as window or door slopes, various recesses and bulges, curvilinear architectural elements, dome, niches, etc.

In other words, various hard-to-reach places where the use of traditional methods of insulation can disrupt the external or internal design of architectural solutions.
With the help of warm plaster, you can easily correct defects formed after the use of traditional species of plaster. These can be cracks, sinks and various detachalies.
Since such plaster is environmentally friendly, they are recommended to apply inside buildings and structures. They can be recommended to use in places of adjustment plaster with materials that have absolutely different specifications, for example, in places of the adjuncing of door and window boxes with a plastering layer.
Their use can be effective if there is a need to maintain a living area when conducting insulation. This approach may occur when applying warm plaster in places such as a bath. If you fill the wall before laying the wall tiles with warm plaster, then in this room there will be almost no condensate.
In the construction market, you can find warm plaster, designed for the insulation of ceiling floors, as well as preparatory work related to the insulation of floors and other surfaces.
Warm plaster is compatible with any building surfaces, but manufacturers of such plasters are recommended to apply them to smooth surfaces laid out with ceramoblocks or autoclave aerated concrete. This makes it possible to more effectively use this modern thermal insulation material.
When applied to relief or non-smooth surfaces, they must be aligned using a conventional vapor-permeable plaster.
Plasters intended for use as an aligning layer, cheaper, so do not take care of their overruns.

Warm Plastering Technology

Warm house such a plaster can be quickly fast, compared with traditional approaches. It will take it 3-4 times less time, and if you use a mechanical method, the results can be impressive: a brigade of 4 people, using special mechanisms, can process for one shift to 400 square meters of construction space, at that time, As a good manual specialist can be placed during the same time from 30 to 50 square meters.

So:

A dry plaster mix for readiness is diluted with water and stir well. In the finished mixture there should be no lumps, and the mixture itself should be plastic. You can use a ready-made solution for several hours at a temperature not lower than + 5 ° C.
The prepared surface should be clean and durable. Such plaster does not pounce on the wall, and somehow rubbed into the surface.
If you believe the recommendations, the warm plaster should be applied with a layer, not more than 2.5 cm in one right. If a large layer thickness is required, then it is applied for 2 or 3 navigations, while the layer thickness should not exceed 5 cm.
After 2-3 days, you can start painting the surface, and the maximum thermal insulation indicators of the plaster layer acquires a couple of months as soon as it dry.

Applying warm plaster - instruction

Installation of Mayakov	So that the plaster is high-quality, before applying plaster, metal lighthouses are installed on the wall surface.
Preparation of the mix	For readiness, it is enough to add a certain amount of water in a dry mixture and stirred by a building mixer.
Application of solution	The mixture is applied using a trowel or a metal spatula, and then the movements of the left right and up the plastering mixture is spread between beacons.
Laying layer	The final alignment of the layer is carried out after the excess plaster between beacons will be removed.
Sealing slots from lighthouses	After partial drying of the plaster, the lighthouses are cleaned from the wall, after which they close the hollows as the same plaster.
Application of the finish layer	In conclusion, the plastered surface is thoroughly poured with a plastering grater using a plaster mix, but more liquid consistency.

At this time there are many firms that produce this material. For example, the thermal insulating plaster UMKA and also there is a plastering glue mixture of thermal insole. Here is the choice to do you. Look at the photo and make your choice. The instruction will help make the right choice.

The product of the evolution of traditional cement-sandy solution is the warm plaster. The energy crisis makes it look for new saving technologies in all spheres of life. Thus, as a result of experiments with a conventional sandy cement mixture, a decorative-insulating solution with low thermal conductivity was obtained, perfectly coping with the elimination, so-called "cold bridges".

Non-naughty "warm" plaster

The replacement of the sand fraction in the finishing formulation of plaster has endowed it with completely new properties. As new components, sawdust, pumice powder, perlite sand, clay crumb, granulated polystyrene foam, stripped vermiculite. They contribute to the increase in the heat engineering quality of the material.

Special additives make new warm materials universal: they can be separated by the walls indoors, perform outdoor design. Such works include silence of gaps, cracks, interstitial jacks, and overlap of the house. Perform warm plaster The thermal insulation of the base part of the building, the internal additional insulation of the walls. Record slopes on the windows. An indispensable warm plaster on buildings facades with complex architectural forms.

To the touch plastered the "warm" solution of the wall at all. The coating was obtained due to low thermal conductivity and "work" to save heat inside the building. Warm facade plaster performs the role of the thermos: does not miss the heat outward in winter, isolates the walls outside from solar radiation in the summer. Due to the heavy weight of the finished plaster layer, it is applied with a thickness of only 2, 5, a maximum of 10 cm, whereas the absolute efficiency of the coating heat-stash is achieved at 100-120 mm, which reveals the design of the walls, and the formation of such a formatically is problematic.

Obviously, the main destructive "blow" takes on the facade. His shower watered, dried wind, freezes frost. It is the design of walls outside in need of warm insulating coverage.

Criterias of choice

Special requirements are presented to warm plaster for outdoor work:

environmental friendliness: components (lime, gypsum, cement, etc.) do not distinguish harmful substances;
compatibility when used with other facing materials;
biological stability and moisture resistance;
the property is not ignited and not to maintain burning.

Attention! For these criteria, warm facade plaster with mineral fillers (vermiculite, perlite, foam cell) belonging to the class NG (non-combustible) and not absorbing moisture, are actively used for exterior decoration. At the same time, the heat-insulating finishing material, which is based on foamed polystyrene foam, on the contrary, fuel, is classified in the group G1. For the same reasons, solutions with additives that downgrade the thermal conductivity of the finishing layer (sawdust, cellulose mass) are separated only internal surfaces.

Preparation for the start

The optimal option for warm cladding is a facade that does not require additional insulation. It is quite realistic to make warm stucco with your own hands. The one who is familiar with traditional plastering will not be difficult to fulfill this using decoration as an additional means of insulation. Especially since the process itself is not much different from the usual traditional method, besides, it allows the use of small mechanization. Therefore, the probability of errors is minimized.

To perform work, you will need: round bowl or other cooking container, measuring mug (bank) for water dosage, mixer building (low-speed), wide spatula, grater for applying and distributing the wall of the wall, aluminum rails (lighthouses), level, rule (Straight rail) for the alignment of the mixture on the mounted beacons.
The air temperature and the wall itself should not be below 5 ° C.
In the case of cladding with low-temperature solution, these parameters should not fall below -10 ° C.

Do it yourself or why start finishing your own forces?

Warm plaster with their own hands implies solid preparation, in the process of which the walls are prepared, their possible purification of the old coating is performed. Survegencies are cleaned, the surfaces are ground. They must be clean and not dust. If there are minor chips, the layer of heat removal can be applied directly to them. With significant irregularities, poor condition of the walls, turning over 5 cm thick requires the installation of a plaster or reinforcement grid for strengthening.

The volumetric weight of the finished cladding (200-340 kg / m³) is quite significant, directly affects the foundation. Therefore, before work should be verified in the reliability of the foundation. Vertically, along the wall, in parallel with each other with a step, less than the length of the rule, aluminum beacons are installed. Holding level all the time is checked with level. "Recipe" solution of warm plaster in their own preparation

Decided from the estimated thickness of the future layer (usually, it is 2-5 cm), the mixture is purchased. The main measure is considered the volume of the dry mix in the package. With a bag of 7-10 kg, its contents can be treated with 1 kV. m area with a layer thickness of 2.5 cm. It should be borne in mind that the prepared part of the solution should be used within a few hours before the hardening process starts.

"Recipe" solution of warm plaster in their own preparation

You can make a plastic mixture yourself, especially since the recipe does not include scarce components. They can be bought in any construction market. Buying cheaper ready warm plaster. Cement is purchased (1 part). The porous component-filler (4 parts) is needed to improve vapor permeability, preventing the appearance of dampness. In this capacity, you can use granular vermiculite or perlite.

On a note! Additions-plasticizers increase the degree of clutch of the solution with the wall, make it possible to apply it to complex part of the facade. Alternatively, instead of plasticizers in the mixture, PVA glue. It will be required only 50 gr. on a 10 liter bucket.

Prepare the solution is easy. Initially, with the help of a construction mixer, with a thorough mixing with water, a plasticizer (or glue) is divorced. Cement in dry form is connected with filler granules. With the constant operation of the mixer in dry components, a gradually water-adhesive solution is added. Mixed the mixture until the thick mass is obtained. To dial the necessary properties, the finished kneading must be broken within a quarter of an hour. Ready. You can proceed to apply plaster.

Solution from the finished dry mixture

If you use the finished dry mixture, then in the container you need to pour water in the amount indicated on the package. It is easy to knead the solution, only two required rules should be followed. The use of multicomponent composition requires the preparation of the entire contents of the packaging, without dividing into parts, the remainder of the laying. The contents of the package must be completely in solution. The mass is thoroughly mixed at least 5 minutes to complete homogeneity. Another five minutes is given to the "ripening", while all the components come into reaction to the reaction and take those characteristics of the viscosity that are needed by technology.

Facade trim insulating plaster (final stage)

For better adhesion, warm plaster for external work is placed on a wet surface.
The processed part of the facade before applying the mixture is moisturized.
The solution is mixed again before applying the wall, its consistency in thickness must resemble a large increase in fatty.
The finished mixture is superimposed on the grace (ironer), applied to the wall from the bottom up with rubbing forward movements between adjacent vertically located beacons. Immediately the rule is equal, while removing the surplus of the solution.
If the area of \u200b\u200bthe walls is large, then a plastering machine can be applied to accelerate and facilitate work. A solution is supplied over nozzle. The plot with the applied solution is again aligned with the rule.

With increased roughness and decorative design of walls, you need to put another thin finishing layer.
The grater is carefully eliminated unevenness to the required smoothness of the surface. Compliance with the geometry of the lined facade is constantly tested by the level, both during work and after their end. The maximum amount of deviations should not exceed 3mm.
After a few hours, the beacons are removed, the resulting gaps are thoroughly rubbed the same mixture. The wall is finally mistaken with a solution of more liquid consistency.
With a multi-layer application, it is necessary that each layer is not a thickness of 2.0 cm, and all subsequent were applied to the dried surface. For this you need to do technological breaks: under normal climatic conditions, they constitute about 4 hours.
The final completion of the work implies a complete drying of the facade for two days with its subsequent staining.

Attention! The polymerization processes of the components of the solution completely end in only 4 weeks after the end of the work. It is at this time that the plastered layer is gaining final strength, becomes monolith. At the same time, flaws are detected: detachment of the material, the appearance of cracks. The necessary thermal insulation qualities of plaster manifestations are manifested by 60 days, when the facing will dry completely throughout the thickness.

For the house to be favorably different from its "fellow" on the street, you need a bit: make efforts, use good quality plaster and embody-conceived with competently completed work.

The construction and repair of the house implies the alignment of the walls and the decrease in heat loss. To do this, use dry mixtures and insulating materials. All this can be found in one warm plaster. It is about her that will be discussed in this article.

What is it?

Plastering formulations are a mixture of binding elements, fillers, plasticizers, which improve the characteristics of additives and peeled sand impurities with various fractions. For the most part, the warm plaster is presented in a dry form, which before use should be diluted with water.

Structure

Building material differs from other analogues with specific fillers. They give the result of the properties similar to thermally insulating materials.

In particular, the main additives are:

vermiculite;
wood fibers or sawdust;
modified clay;
powdered pumice;
polystyrene foam in granules.

In addition to the functional features, the listed elements give the coating a different structure.

Some options are used as a finish decor. Others are coated with paint and varnish materials after pre-priming and complete surface drying.

Pros and cons

The main task of the plaster is the leveling of the base. The material in its physical characteristics differs from most products offered.

Easy and practical finish

Among them are positive:

high degree of adhesion to mineral and wood grounds that are not necessarily advanced;
when complying with the maximum allowable layer, the use of reinforcing material is not required;
breathable coating composition does not miss heat and cold, noise and dust;
mainly in the composition of natural raw materials;
comfortable use;
frost resistance and resistance to weather conditions;
lightweight weight, which does not allow forging "cellulite" in the severity of the solution;
forms coating close to monolithic;
with the exception of filler in the form of polystyrene, the components of substances relate to non-combustible materials.

In addition, warm plaster is considered unavailable for rodents and organisms related to microbiology. This eliminates the use of various kinds of antiseptic compositions that can cause an allergic reaction.

A lot of positive moments and advantages over analogs do not exclude the presence of disadvantages. These include:

as a rule, the maximum value of the applied layer does not exceed 20 mm;
if the plaster is used as an alternative to other heat insulators, then the layer should be at least 5 cm, which affects the foundation due to the total load;
depending on the composition, the material is able to absorb moisture, so when choosing it is worth considering this indicator;
with a secondary application of the solution, it is necessary to apply the reinforcing grid.

It is believed that such a warm plaster, but should not be considered it with a composition fully replacing the insulation. The material has a similar property among others, but it is not the only one.

Application area

On plaster binder, the composition is used only indoors. On a lime and cement basis, warm plaster is used to finish the facade of the house, including its decoration.

With a detailed consideration, the solution is used in the following cases:

Filling cracks, cracks and voids.
Close up of docking seams between overlaps.
Formation of openings for windows and doors.
Warming: walls and construction of the building as a whole; water supply risers; sewer system.

With the alignment of the base, the material also copes. But due to the cost it makes sense to give preference to counterparts with permissible single-layer application exceeding 2 cm.

Views and features

Gypsum heat-insulating plaster is characterized by minimal resistance to variable humidity. Therefore, it is used only inside dry rooms. More often, cement is used as the basis, as it copes with the drops of operating conditions is much better. Such compositions are used for facade elements.

Plastering with thermal insulation additives for external work varies in fillers, which affect the characteristic properties of the mixture:

The organic is represented by polystyrene foam with a fraction of 1-1.5 mm, which is not very durable. Added to cement and lime compositions. The versatility of warm plaster is limited to combustibility. The coating is recommended to process materials as the finish decor.
Mineral replenish the flaws of the organic. These include: glass from quartz hydro-resistant, does not let the heat and does not give a shrinkage; porous raw materials of volcanic origin : vermikulitis from mica is not afraid of nothing but water; Perlite from Obsidian needs to be protected from moisture.
Speeding is inferior to long drying time, but are great for processing brick and wood. Among such fillers are used: sawdust, paper.

The last mixtures as a basis, as a rule, have cement or clay. Manufacturers recommend that such mixtures use for internal work. This is due to the fact that in the drying process is not allowed by the presence of wind.

Mineral fillers include pemps with clay. These materials are inferior to analogs in all indicators, so it is extremely rarely used.

Top manufacturers

If we consider building material from the point of view of manufacturers, the German company Knauf is the most famous brand. This brand has proven itself among the first in the post-Soviet space.

Materials are distinguished by high quality. All tasks that are put in front of the material are performed in accordance with the specified parameters. The main condition is compliance with the rules of use and preparation of plaster.

Domestic analogues with the main tasks also cope in one degree or another. For example:

Houthlif Contains acrylic and glass. Applied to any porous bases. It has low thermal conductivity, vapor permeable, does not accumulate moisture. Differs on ecology. Material is relatively new, so it is almost impossible to purchase a counterfeit.
Thermoma You can use for processing any bases inside and from the outside of the room. As part of the plaster of mineral elements by 99%, which speaks of its ecology and non-hatching. Pores in the coating occupy 55% of the volume. This allows you to delay moisture at the bottom. Hydrophobicity allows you to apply the product as moisture insulation of the walls.
Varmmimix. Differs high adhesion to any reasons without the use of primer compositions. In contrast to the previous version, it can be used for thermal insulation of the facade part of the structure.

Warm Cuckat Cuckat Suitable for works indoors. Differs high strength and moisture resistance. Excellent copes with insulation of walls from noise and cold outside.

Plaster heat-insulating Knauf Grunband

German warm plaster for the Facade of Grunband can be applied on any basis. The method of application can be both manual and machine. The latter allows you to speed up the processing process.

The tasks with whom Gruband copes:

waterproofing of facades and rooms with high humidity;
strengthening the surface of the base;
preventing the appearance of cracks during the shrinkage of the building or from mechanical exposure by side;
decorative design of the base that will only need to paint.

The component fraction does not exceed 1.5 mm. This suggests that the coating is distinguished by the density of coating and comfort relative to the application of the solution.

How to make a warm plaster with your own hands

The modern market is presented to everyone necessary in order to make plaster with their own hands, including warm. The basis of the mixture, as a rule, includes cement and purified sand.

To impart heat-insulating properties of plaster, perlite or vermiculite is added to the composition in a ratio of 4 to 1 relative to cement. As a plasticizer, you can use PVA construction glue in an amount of up to 60 grams per 10 liters of plaster. All items are important to mix thoroughly, to insist about 20 minutes and repeat the shabby.

Application technology do it yourself

Warm plaster is used more often for outdoor work. Events on plastering walls outside are carried out in warm weather. It is desirable that there was a windless. So the result will be better. If lighthouses are used, then after rejection, the coating should remove them, and the voids are filled with warm plaster.

Preparatory work

The base before plaster requires standard training. To do this, you need to eliminate:

old coating in the form of plaster and paint;
protruding elements of reinforcement;
available material for wall insulation;
surplus the adhesive solution between the blocks from which the building is erected.

It is advisable to first fill all the recesses. Some manufacturers argue that the base is not required to primitive. Most specialists do not agree with this.

Required tool

For the preparation of plaster you will need a container and a mixer. You can purchase a special nozzle on a drill or a perforator. To work with a solution, they will need a spatula (facade and auxiliary) and the rule.

Devices and tools

When using beacons, plaster is applied by machinery or manually. Then they align the mixture of the web in the form of a trapezoid. Surplus are used further.

Reinforcement

With a single-layer application of the solution, additional reinforcement is not required. However, often there is a need for a coating greater than 20 mm. In this case, the grid with cells up to 5x5 mm is used. It will not allow the coating to crack.

The reinforcement process looks like this:

the first layer of plaster is applied;
after 100-120 minutes, a plaster mesh is attached using a toothed spatula;
the next layer of solution after 1.5-2 days is superimposed.

Reinforcement

Each stage, with the exception of reinforcement, is carried out after complete drying of the base or fresh coating. The priming is taken into account.

Calculation of the amount of material

Before climbing the plaster, the fact that the solution has a limited action time is taken into account. As a rule, it is equal to 4 o'clock.

Calculation of layer thickness

For noise insulation, a layer of warm plaster with a thickness of 5 mm. For thermal insulation, 50 mm is considered optimal. For alignment, the layer is calculated depending on the drops that will need to be eliminated. If they exceed 5 cm, it is recommended to pre-use analogs without heat insulating fillers.

Mix consumption

If the layer of plaster is 20 mm, then it will take about 12 kg of a dry mixture per 1 kV. meter. With a two-layer coating, it will take 2 times more of the material.

Application

The rules for applying warm material are actually the same as other analogues. The differences are in the reinforcement and time of drying the coating. In particular, the latter is about 3 hours. The level of maximum strength of the heat-insulating plaster is gaining within a month.

Application of the mix

To give smoothness, the solidary surface is wetted with water and treated with a grater. Correct possible disadvantages can be within 2 hours.

Let's summarize

Warm plaster is used as an aligning building material similar to conventional analogues. Also, the mixtures are used to process facades and walls indoors with any humidity. A characteristic feature of this plaster is a heat insulating property, along with which the coating does not miss noise.

The available cost of warm plaster and a wide range of applications have an explicit advantage over analogs. Moreover, t.we can cook with your own hands.

Warm plaster for the facade is a building mixture containing insulation fillers and component binding their components. It is used for external and internal work as a preparatory layer for subsequent finish and forms a durable coating with thermal insulation properties.

The basis of the heat-insulating material is binding components (sand, plaster, lime or mixture of these materials), plasticizers and additives, which increase the properties of vapor permeability and adhesion of the solution and reduce the hygroscopicity of the porous coating.

The name "warm" plaster received due to the fact that the sand fraction that is part of the conventional mixture was replaced by other fillers with low thermal conductivity.

Fillers are:

granulated expanded polystyrene;
wood sawdust;
pampom powder;
clay crumb;
expanded vermiculite;
perlite;
foamglass.

Properties and scope

Special additives were equipped with thermal insulation mixture by universal properties. It can be used to finish the walls inside the house, as well as the outer coating.

Warm plaster is well suited for seelings of gaps and slots, joints between the walls and overlap of the structure. With it, you can insulate the base of the house, perform the design of window slopes.

But perhaps most of all needs an insulating finish of the facade of the structure, since it is he who is actively exposed to the external environment (rain, wind, low temperatures).

In addition, low thermal conductivity of plaster provides heat savings inside the building, and the coating itself has the properties of the thermos - in winter it does not give heat outward, and in the summer protects the room from the heat.

Since the finished solution has a significant weight, the plaster is applied with a thickness of 25 to 100 mm, but for a more efficient heat insulating effect, a layer of 100-120 mm is required.

However, such a finish has a serious load on the wall structure, and the application of a thick formation is not the lung task.

Types of filler type

Depending on the filler, thermal insulation compositions have different properties:

the sawmill mix is \u200b\u200bthe most fiscal option, which is well suited for self-preparation. Can be used to finish wooden and brick surfaces. The disadvantage is a long mortar drying (about two weeks);
composition with polystyrene filling filler. The material has good thermal insulation properties, but at the same time low strength, so such a finish is desirable to cover an additional protective layer;
perlite mixture. The filler is made from volcanic glass, which warms up to a high temperature. The heated material is swept away, as a result of which a plurality of air bubbles are formed - they give the composition of thermal insulation qualities;
minus Perlitis is that it absorbs water well, which is why such a coating will require additional waterproofing;
plaster with vermiculitis. This filler is a scattered mica. It has a high heat resistance, which makes it resistant to high and low temperatures.

However, the same as perlite, has increased moisture absorbing properties;
ceramzite composition. Ceramzit is a granular porous material. In the manufacture of plaster, the smallest fraction (sand), distinguished by high density and, accordingly, low thermal conductivity;

plus, the material has the less active ability of moisture absorption (8-20%), unlike perlite and vermiculite. Disadvantage - heavier weight compared to other fillers;
composition with foam cell. The foam-glass filler is obtained by foaming quartz glass at high temperature. As a result, the material granules acquire a small-handed structure that does not absorb moisture, but at the same time the air and water vapor uses well;
the frozen mixture forms a solid waterproof and fire-resistant coating. The thermal conductivity of plaster from the foam glass is lower than that of polystyrene foam, vermiculite and perlite analogues.

Cost

Today, it is possible to meet thermal insulation mixtures, the price of which depends on the manufacturer. Here are some samples:

warm Ivsil Stucco (12 kg). A mixture based on cement with the addition of foam glass as a filler - 790 rubles;
heat insulating Mixture of KNAUF (25 kg). Composition on a cement basis with polystyrene foam filler -347 rubles;

plaster WarmMIX (14 kg). The mixture consists of cement, foam glass and polymer additives - 1950 rubles;
plaster by whom (35 kg). The filler is perlite. Price - 295 rubles.

Self-preparation

If you wish to save on the purchase of ready-made compositions, warm plaster can be.

Alone prepared mixture is somewhat colder than brand, but it will be cheaper at times.

Below will be discussed by the preparation of the composition with polystyrene filling filler.

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To obtain the optimal density of plaster (450-500 kg / m3), the following proportions are applied:

30 liters of foam crumb (not larger than 3 mm in diameter);
9 liters of cement rapid grade (better, if it is white cement M600);
in water, which will be used to dilute the mixture, it is desirable to add a little detergent (25 ml on 10 liters of water).
to increase the plasticity and adhesive properties of the solution, you can add 1 kg of hazed lime.

Before applying the solution surface the walls are purified from dust and contaminants, processed by primer or strengthen the reinforcing grid (Such a measure is especially relevant in the case when it is planned to apply a thick layer). Next, produce it.

If the branded mixture is used, all packaging is poured into a predetermined container, the volume of which should be at least 50 liters. Water is added and mixed with a mixer.

To check the consistency of the finished solution, you need to dial a spatula a little mixture and turn over. If the adhesive solution is not falling off, then is ready to use.

For more information about the technology of coating warm plaster for the facade, see the video:

The plaster is applied in 2-5 layers (depending on its final thickness) with the help of simple tools of the spatula, graters, cells. Another option is the use of lighthouses and rules, which will allow novice in this case to apply the solution as soon as possible. The maximum permissible thickness of the same layer is 2 cm.

The time interval between the application of the layers should be at least 4 hours. In conditions of reduced temperatures and high humidity, this indicator increases.

After the solution is completely dry, it can be taken for a further finish that will be needed in any case, since the warm plaster itself is not a finish coating.

Relying on the characteristics of the above materials, it can be said that the best option of the facade warm plaster is a mixture with a foam glass filler.

But given the high cost of this composition, there is a reason to look at cheaper analogues, and possibly to ensure that prepare heat-insulating mixture yourself.

Both old and modern houses are not distinguished by a high degree of thermal insulation. The reason for this is thin walls of brick and reinforced concrete. These materials are quite well carried out heat.

Over time, additional troubles are added to this - cracks in the walls, destruction of finishing and sealing of joints between panel plates.

The growth of the value of utility payments forces the tenants of both private and apartment buildings to think about changing the situation for the better.

The condition of the walls of the house has an important meaning to create and maintain a comfortable microclimate in interior. Walls should be kept warm, to be sealed and vapor permeable. The facades of houses can be insulated both from the inside and outside.

External insulation is the most popular, as it does not imply reduce the inner useful area of \u200b\u200bpremises. There are various options.

One of the ways of effective and inexpensive heat insulation is the use of special construction mixtures. This is the so-called warm plaster.

Properties of material

Warm plaster is a dry mixture consisting of hollow material, cement, glue and various plasticizers. Most of the volume of the mixture occupies the hollow material. Due to this, thermal insulation is carried out.

As a rule, the smallest polystyrene chip and foamed glass are used as a hollow filler.

Adding plasticizers allows the frozen solution to maintain a certain elasticity, which prevents the surface cracking at a strong frost or strain wall.

Polymers provide mechanical strength to finished coating. With their help, reliable adhesion of the solution to the surface occurs.

Cement is a binding ingredient for composite parts of the mixture.

Frost-resistant plaster of this type has the following positive properties:

affordable cost;
vapor permeability;
low thermal conductivity;
waterproof;
strength;
resistance to wall deformation;
high degree of sound insulation;
non-flammability;
immunity to mold;
environmental purity;
long service life;
resistance to high and low temperatures;
high adhesion to all materials;
low share;
high surface treatment speed;
no need for additional finish.

Facade plaster after applying to the surface has a presentable appearance. According to thermal insulation indicators, it successfully replaces coatings of foam plates.

Warm facade plaster has certain advantages over other insulating materials.

These include the following:

Frost-resistant facade plaster After applying on the wall creates a single monolithic layer. The lack of joints allows to significantly increase the insulation qualities.
Work on the application of the solution is carried out in one stage. This allows you to apply the solution to the surface in one working day. This factor significantly reduces the cost of work.
No cold bridges. When processing walls with warm plaster, fastening material is not used through which the cold passes to the main walls.
The simplicity of technology makes it possible to carry out work on their own, without the involvement of hired workers
During the insulation of the surface, deep drilling of the wall surface is not carried out. This allows you to prevent the weakening of the design of concrete panels and their destruction from vibration.
There is no need to level the surface before applying the solution. Disadvantages are eliminated immediately, in the process of applying plaster, which is an excellent aggregate for slots and holes.
A unique opportunity to conduct insulation, reducing and insulating work on complex surfaces. Thanks to the property to pester any material and preserve the shape, a solution of warm plaster can be coated any convex or concave surface.
Frost-resistant facade plaster has a composition that prevents the appearance and reproduction of insects, bacteria and fungi. In such a coating, the mold will never appear, the colony of ants or swarm of bees will not settle.
Environmental purity of the material allows you to apply it on the walls of glazed balconies. It is much faster and cheaper than traditional warming using crates, glass gaming and MDF panels.
The finished surface is not necessary to grind after drying. It looks like a pretty fashionable and practical coating under the "fur coat".

Warming of houses This type of plaster is a fairly simple process that does not require the use of high technologies. In essence, this is common work on plastering external walls.

The building materials market offers various types of mixtures for insulation of houses. For external work, the most suitable is a frost-resistant mixture based on filler from foamed glass or polystyrene foam.

Tools and materials

To carry out work on the insulation of houses, goats, scaffolding or climbing equipment are used. Forests and goats can be rented. With climbing equipment it will be more difficult, since there are special skills here.

For quality work, such materials are necessary:

Warm plaster. Frost-resistant facade stucco is sold in bags weighing 12 kg and 25 kg. The average consumption of the mixture per 1 square. M base, with a layer thickness of 40 mm, is about 15 kg. As a rule, such a layer is enough to achieve the goal of insulation and waterproofing.
Liquid primer. Probed in the amount required for high-quality base processing. The material consumption for all surface types is indicated on the package.
Self-tapping screws and dowels to install beacons. Bought at the rate of 6 sets per 1 square meter. m.
Reinforcement grid. It is necessary to strengthen the material when applying two layers of a total thickness of more than 40 mm. The grid area must be 30% more base area, taking into account the styling of its brass.

For insulation of facades there are enough tools that are practically in every home.

The list of such tools and devices is quite small:

perforator with a set of drills on concrete and a mixer;
a hammer;
screwdriver;
steel spatulas 10 cm and 50 cm;
toothed spatula 40-50 cm;
building level;
painting brush;
malyary roller;
roller from dense material;
plaster rule;
protective glasses and gloves;
capacity for mixing the solution (at least 30 l);
buckets for mortar;
rope for raising buckets.

In stores you can ask for the presence of rental of construction equipment. Specific devices such as the plaster rule, goats or forests may subsequently do not need decades, and there are quite a lot of space.

Preparatory work

Before carrying out insulation of the house, it is necessary to prepare the surface of the wall.

This process includes such actions:

removal of protruding fragments of reinforcement, brick and concrete;
cleaning of the surface from unstable old coating, paint and bitumen;
clearing interpanel joints from stone crumb and old insulating material;
close up of large slots and holes with facade sealant;
degreasing and cleaning from dust base for insulation;
processing of the base of liquid primer;

After drying, the primer on the base should be applied a thin layer of solution. This technique is used to improve the clutch strength with the base. The layer thickness must be 3-5 mm.

A day later you can start work.

Application of the solution to the surface must be carried out in dry warm weather. Place of work must necessarily freeze the warning ribbon. First of all, scaffolding, goats and climbing gear are installed.

This is carried out as follows:

The mixture is poured out of the bag in the container. Given the high consumption of the material (30-40 liters of solution per 1 sq. M.), not least 12 kg of the mixture is needed. Do not experiment and show creativity by adding other substances. This can only spoil it.
Water poured into the container. The proportions for the preparation of the solution are indicated on the packaging of the material. With the help of a mixer inserted into the perforator, the ingredients are mixed on small revolutions. Depending on the volume of the material it takes from 5 to 10 minutes.
The resulting solution should be left alone for 8-10 minutes, then mix again. This is necessary to achieve the full homogeneity of the material obtained. After that, they can be used. Liquid warm plaster saves their working quality for 3-4 hours.

It should be noted that at high temperatures, the time to use the finished solution can be reduced to 1.5-2 hours. And, at temperatures above + 35 ° C, it is not recommended to conduct work.

Laying is carried out in the following order:

Every 40-50 cm are installed lighthouses. This will give the opportunity to lay a layer of solution of precisely verified thickness. The recommended size of one layer of plaster is not more than 40 mm. Otherwise, the material will slide and deform under their own weight.
The solution is applied to the wall with a wide spatula. For convenience, you can first apply a mixture with a smaller spatula. After processing 1-1.5, the walls of the wall, the surface is leveled by the rule. Excessive solutions are collected in the bucket and are reused.
Lighthouses are removed from the holes. The remaining holes are filled with mortar, the surface is aligned.
If the coating thickness is greater than 40 mm, the reinforcement grid is glued over the first level. It can be glued to plaster 2 hours after applying to the wall.
A layer of plaster is applied to the grid, its surface is profiled using a toothed spatula. This will allow the second layer to rigidly clung to the first.
The second layer of plaster is applied similarly to the first. Work is carried out after its solidification. It needs 1-2 days.

The treated wall is a gray, grain surface. The owner of the house decides himself what to do next - leave the wall as it is, or to make a smooth.

A abrasive mesh and sandpaper are used for grinding. After grinding, warm plaster hardens for 3-5 days depending on the thickness of the applied coating.

Finish finish

It is possible to conduct the finishing finish applied to the facade of the insulation at home in various ways.

For these purposes, the following materials are used:

frost-resistant paint;
ceramic tile;
fake diamond;
facade thermopanels;
granite crumb.

Before carrying out the finish, the surface of the surface of the coating and its purification from dirt and dust is carried out.

The paint is applied with a roller or painting brush. A smooth surface is better to paint with roller. For the facade decorated under the "fur coat", you need to use the painting brush to penetrate the paint in all deepening.

Staining can be carried out in one, two or more techniques until the color becomes smooth and uniform.

Ceramic tile and artificial stone can be glued directly on plaster. Its surface is quite dense and durable in order to withstand additional weight.

A cement-based mixture is used for gluing or frost-resistant acrylic mastic. The seams between the tiles are filled with a special facade sealant. Hardened seams can be painted under the color of the material.

The facade panels have fairly low weight and excellent thermal insulating properties. They can become not only a finishing material, but also an additional insulation.

To the surface they are mounted with adhesive mortar. Convenient mounting comb-groove allows you to create a seamless connection of the panels.

The granite crumb is applied to the facade using a collapse or manually. The basis of such a coating is transparent varnish or paint.

In addition to the indisputable beauty, the granite crumb will give the walls of a very practical coating. On such a surface, it will simply be impossible to write anything or scratch.

The insulated wall will serve the owners at home for at least 25 years, protecting them from the cold and dampness.