What material can be used to build a house. Do-it-yourself country house - a simple step-by-step instruction for stylish summer houses (75 photos)

First and main question solved before construction starts country house- choice of material.

Not only the comfort of living, but also the level of energy saving depends on the correctness of its decision. Let's consider in more detail what materials are offered on the market today and how each of them fits into the universal formula "price-environmental friendliness-energy saving".

Brick house (brick, ceramic blocks)

Such a building has two advantages - durability and environmental friendliness. Indeed, in its bearing capacity the brick wall is not much inferior to the concrete one. At the same time, there is no granite crushed stone in it, which gives a radiation background in buildings with a monolithic reinforced concrete frame and floor panels. However, in terms of energy efficiency, walls constructed entirely of solid clay or sand-lime brick are seriously inferior to other materials.

In order to keep within the current rigid framework of energy efficiency, the thickness of the brick wall must be at least 120 cm. It is clear that there is no point in building such a powerful "bunker". Therefore, nowadays, brick is inferior to its primacy and is most often used as a decorative exterior cladding.

Attempts to improve the energy-saving qualities of bricks have been going on for a long time. For this, voids are made in it. of various shapes(point or slot). This modification gives a small increase in energy efficiency. wall structure, but does not solve the issue in principle. If we add to this the laboriousness of building walls from small-sized standard clay bricks, it becomes clear that he needs to look for a replacement.

A good solution to the question of what is the best way to build a house is to buy products manufactured under various trade marks(Porotherm, Kerakam, Poroton, etc.)

This large-sized material (250x250x140 mm, 380x250x219mm, 510x250x219mm) replaces 4 to 14 standard bricks (250x120x65mm). This makes the laying process faster and easier.

The thermal conductivity coefficient of such walls is 0.21 W / m ° C, which is almost 3 times less than that of ordinary bricks. In terms of strength, the ceramic block is also not inferior to it (100 kg / cm2) and at the same time has good frost resistance (up to 50 freeze-thaw cycles) and vapor permeability.

The only drawback of porous ceramic blocks in the recent past was their high cost (more than 4,000 rubles per 1m3). In 2016, the average price for this material has decreased and is from 3,500 rubles per cubic meter.

House made of building blocks

Large-sized building blocks have seriously supplanted the standard clay brick. And the point here is not only that it takes less time and effort to install them. Affordable price - here important factor determining the choice of the developer. Since the list of building blocks produced today is quite extensive, we will tell you separately about each type.

Foam and gas blocks

These materials are now deservedly popular in low-rise construction. The fundamental difference between foam and gas blocks lies in the manufacturing technology and internal structure.

Aerated concrete is obtained by introducing a powder blowing agent into a mixture of cement, sand, lime and water, which creates a network of small through channels inside the material. A foaming agent is added to the raw material for foam concrete, which creates closed pores filled with air inside the block. It also significantly reduces the weight of the unit and improves its energy efficiency.

Open channels serve as good conductors of moisture, so gas blocks need protection from getting wet. The foam block is more profitable in this respect, since it absorbs less water. The thermal conductivity and frost resistance of these materials are practically the same.

The density is in the range from 300 to 1200 kg / m3, which allows the developer to accurately select the block to suit his needs. Manufacturers produce heat-insulating (density from 300 to 500 kg / m3), structural and heat-insulating (500-900 kg / m3) and structural (1000-1200 kg / m3) blocks in several thicknesses - 10, 15, 20 and 30 cm.

This allows you to make the wall warm without additional costs for laying the insulation and its protection. To do this, you need to lay a thinner heat-insulating block (15 cm) in the outer row of masonry, and make the inner layer from denser structural and heat-insulating blocks 30 cm thick.

Thanks to the ideal geometry, a house made of blocks with your own hands, without the involvement of professional masons, is built quickly and requires minimal finishing in the form of putty or decorative plaster.

The cost of these materials starts from 3000 rubles. for 1 m3. In their reviews, the owners of houses made of lightweight cellular blocks emphasize the low cost of construction and minimum costs for heating.

Expanded clay blocks

Without giving up use solid brick, builders in the last century invented. This composite material consists of expanded clay gravel (pellets of fired and porous clay) and cement mortar holding them together.

The material turned out to be quite warm (density from 500 kg / m3) and very durable (you can build houses up to 3 floors high).

At the price, the expanded clay concrete block looks attractive (from 2900 rubles / m3). The environmental friendliness of this building material also deserves attention. The absence of synthetic and polymer additives, good vapor transmission allow it to be fully used in housing construction.

Shell rock blocks

In the era of cheap cargo transportation, shell rock was a serious competitor to the expanded clay block. This "free" material, which only needed to be cut out of the marine sedimentary massif and loaded into wagons, has become "biting" today.

Judge for yourself, the price per cube with delivery to the central regions of Russia reaches 5,000 rubles. Coupled with the fragility and its poor geometry of the stone, the developer can only rely on its excellent environmental friendliness.

Arbolite blocks

The main components of this material are wood chips and sawdust (ratio 4: 1). They not only make the block warm and light, but also reinforce it, increasing its strength and crack resistance.

The binding agent, as in the case of expanded clay blocks, is here cement mortar... The density ranges from 500 to 850 kg / m3. From it you can build low-rise buildings without using reinforced belt... This material is quite elastic, therefore it can withstand the load from floor slabs without cracking. The breathability of wood concrete blocks is high and is quite comparable to wood.

O good warm and the soundproofing qualities of wood concrete is eloquently indicated by its low density. Cement impregnation makes wood chips durable and resistant to decay. Wall decoration made of wood concrete does not require the use of reinforcement mesh, since the rough surface of the material perfectly holds the plaster. The price of wood concrete blocks starts at an average of 4,000 rubles per 1 m3.

Teplosten blocks

The developer's dream of masonry material, in which the load-bearing part, insulation and exterior decoration found its embodiment in Teplosten blocks.

By its construction, it is a three-layer "sandwich". Its outer and inner layers are made of expanded clay concrete, and inside there is foam plastic. Dissimilar materials in the contact zone, fiberglass rods installed inside the block are protected from delamination.

On the outer edge of the three-layer block, we see a textured pattern. By constructing new house from this material, the owner can only paint the walls in desired color without resorting to expensive decorative plaster.

Exterior view of Teplosten block

The main disadvantage of Teplosten blocks is obvious. It is polystyrene enclosed between layers of expanded clay concrete. It does not allow water vapor to pass through, therefore, without forced ventilation the house will be damp. Manufacturers solve this problem by issuing special blocks in which there is air vent with lattice.

If the owner of the future house from Teplosten blocks does not take care of the ventilation problem in time, then the foam can present him with another an unpleasant surprise... Consider the physics of the process of diffusion of water vapor through a wall. Having met an insurmountable obstacle in the form of foam plastic on its way, water vapor will condense in the inner layer of expanded clay. This will lead to wetting of the walls with all the ensuing uncomfortable consequences for living.

The cost of Teplosten blocks starts from 7,000 rubles / m3. Despite the rather solid price, let's not forget that such a wall does not require insulation and rough finishing.

Cinder blocks

Produced in the 80s of the last century as an inexpensive alternative to scarce bricks. Today, cinder blocks are rarely used in residential construction. The large weight and high thermal conductivity of cinder block walls require insulation with mineral or ecowool slabs (10-15 cm) and high-quality finishing.

The cost of cinder blocks offered today to private developers is low and ranges from 2300 to 3000 rubles per 1 m3.

Houses from a log, a bar, a wooden frame

In this case, you should know that it is enough warm house for permanent residence can only be built from a log with a diameter of at least 40 centimeters. Today standard thickness the walls of the log house are from 24 to 32 cm, which does not meet the requirements of thermal engineering standards. Therefore, in order not to spend significant amounts on heating, wooden blockhouse it is necessary to additionally insulate.

The cost of 1m3 of rounded logs prepared for stacking in 2016 ranges from 7,000 to 10,000 rubles. The cost of dry profiled timber is even higher and starts at 10,000 rubles per cubic meter.

For glued profiled timber, which gives minimal shrinkage and is practically not subject to warping, sellers ask from 22 to 26 thousand rubles. Market experts predict that no price jump is expected for this material in 2017.

Ending short review materials for construction wooden houses, a few words should be said about wireframe technology.

It is difficult to call it a high-speed one, since the degree of factory readiness here is practically "zero". At the site, builders assemble a frame from individual beams and planks, spending no less time on this than bricklayers on laying blocks. But in terms of reliability and durability, a house built according to frame technology, is not much inferior to capital structures made of wood.

There are no problems with energy saving in such housing either. The customer can choose any thickness of the insulation without spending money on work on external insulation and finishing, as in the case of block or log construction.

Since no one rates the frame in cubes, then we will have to compare the cost of 1m2 frame wall with the cost of log and timber.

The main elements of the frame are racks, board, mineral wool, vapor barrier, wooden blockhouse or DSP slab(outside), drywall or lining (inside) are calculated quickly and easily, amounting to a total of 1,200 rubles / m2.

Moreover, the most cheap wall from a rounded log with a thickness of 32 cm will cost you 2,500 rubles per 1m2. Do not forget that you still have to insulate it, spending from 250 to 300 rubles. Thus, in terms of the price of materials, the "skeleton" significantly outperforms the log house.

With the same thermal insulation capacity wooden wall frame house turns out to be cheaper than block (frame with mineral wool 150 mm against aerated concrete blocks with a thickness of 40 cm + mineral wool 5 cm).

House from SIP panels

This material cannot be called optimal in terms of environmental friendliness, although the manufacturers of such buildings are trying to prove the opposite.

The main advantage is the high construction speed. It is difficult to classify these structures as cheap.

The cost of 1m2 of a sandwich plate, depending on the thickness of the insulation (10,15,20 cm), ranges from 900 to 1,500 rubles. For comparison, the cost of 1m2 of a wall made of 40 cm thick aerated blocks is about 1200 rubles.

LSTK (light steel structures)

The undivided domination of gypsum plasterboard technology prompted engineers to create a more durable analogue for assembling the frame of low-rise buildings. This is how it appeared new technology... It was based on light steel structures (LSTK).

Assembling buildings from steel profiles is similar to assembling wooden "frame frames". At the same time, houses from LSTK surpass them in terms of durability, biostability and fire safety. The construction speed of such housing is lower than when using SIP panels, but higher than that of block and log construction.

The high cost of metal is the main disadvantage of the LSTK technology. average cost materials for the construction of 1 m2 of a wall from a metal profile is about 2,400 rubles.

Concrete panels

Large-sized expanded clay panels are rarely used these days. The main reason for low demand is the minimum choice of sizes and planning solutions.

Expanded clay concrete wall panel

Nevertheless, it is possible to build a new house from them faster than using bricks, beams or cellular blocks (the price of 1m2 of a 34 cm thick panel does not exceed 1,300 rubles). To this price, you need to add the cost of the insulation (150-200 rubles per 1m2). Without it, the wall will not meet modern thermal engineering standards.

Summing up our review, we will give brief practical recommendations.

1. The most popular budget options for low-rise construction include gas and foam blocks, expanded clay concrete blocks and wooden frame.

Ceramic blocks included in the category expensive materials, today in most regions of Russia have fallen in price. Therefore, we will also rank them in the category of budget solutions for private construction. Excellent thermal insulation qualities, impeccable environmental friendliness, a large selection of standard sizes - all of these positive traits ceramic blocks deserve your attention.

2. Arbolite blocks occupy a higher price step. The house from them turns out to be warm and durable. It creates a comfortable microclimate and comfortable acoustics. The disadvantages of wood concrete include the dependence of quality on the production capabilities of a particular manufacturer. Not all companies producing this material use high-quality wood chips, adding a large amount of sawdust and substandard woodworking waste to the feedstock.

3. Blocks Teplosten and LSTK at first glance evoke sympathy. Houses from them are built quickly and not expensive. At the same time, many developers have reasonable doubts about their reliability and environmental friendliness, which does not the best way is reflected in the popularity of these materials.

4. Installation of a house from SIP panels can rightfully be called the fastest and budget option... It is difficult to attribute these structures to the category of popular solutions, since there are serious doubts about their environmental friendliness and reliability.

5. Logs and profiled beams in the first approximation look quite budget. However, here you need to consider additional expenses for insulation and regular antiseptic treatment of walls. In addition, the quality of log cabins strongly depends on the quality of the material used and the qualifications of the installers. The main advantages of rounded logs and profiled beams are environmental friendliness and aesthetics.

6. Glued laminated timber is an elite building material. Beautiful and eco-friendly houses that cannot be classified as budgetary. The lack of shrinkage and high assembly speed delight the developers who have chosen this option.

Concluding our review, we note that when looking for the best option for building a new house, you need:

• Find out the availability and price of the material you like in your region.
• Study the reviews of the owners of houses built from it.
• Get as much information as possible about suppliers, manufacturers and contractors offering construction services from the material you are about to buy.
• Visit construction exhibitions in your region, production shops and facilities under construction. Here you will receive valuable and objective first-hand information.

Even in the tale of the three piglets, the most important and always relevant thought about the correctness of the choice rises building material for home. A fairy tale a fairy tale, but many of us are like heroes famous work want to build durable safe house with minimal effort. However, today it is quite possible to do this thanks to the development building technologies... However, various wall materials so much that the developer has to wonder how to decide which material is best to build a house. Brick, aerated concrete, wood, sandwich panels - which is better, more reliable, durable and warmer?

The cost of building walls at home is up to 40% of the cost of all work, so it is so important to weigh the numerous pros and cons of each material in order to accept the only the right decision... It is also necessary to take into account the seasonality of living in the house, the requirements for thermal insulation, the cost of the fuel used for heating, as well as the labor intensity of the work and the budget allocated for the construction. There are a lot of materials for building a house today - to find the one that most closely meets the needs is not a problem.

# 1. Wooden house

The most conservative and traditional material for building a house - a tree. To his undeniable advantages relate:

Minuses:

• high fire hazard, even despite the fact that today special impregnations are used in the production of timber;
• the tree is sensitive to moisture and pests, they also try to fight this, but without constant care, the material will be constantly damaged;
• shrinkage;
• high price.

Glued profiled timber

# 2. Brick house

Another classic and time-tested material for building a house is. Despite the appearance of a mass of alternative materials, it remains most popular material for the construction of low-rise private houses, and there are many reasons for that.

pros:

• high durability and strength;
• inertia, insects and;
• fire resistance;
• the material is breathable;
• brick allows you to translate into reality a project of any complexity.

Minuses:

For the construction of a 2- or 3-storey house a brick of strength M100 or M125 is enough, but ground floor it is better to build from brick M150-M175. It is also necessary to take into account the frost resistance of the brick, which is determined by the cycles of freezing and defrosting, which the material can withstand without losing its basic properties. If for warm regions it is quite possible to use brick F15-30, then for middle lane it is better to take material with frost resistance F50, and for the most severe regions - F100. After the construction of the house, he is given some time to dry. Brick walls are usually finished.

By filling, bricks are divided into:

For the construction of walls, only two types of bricks are used:

• silicate (white).

Ideally, it is better to build from plastic formed ceramic bricks... It is made from high quality clay using the extrusion method. Ceramic brick dry and semi-dry formation thanks to high precision geometry is mainly used for cladding. differs in durability, good sound insulation and durability.

Silicate brick produced on the basis of sand and lime, it is cheaper than ceramic, but more fragile, has a small variety, lower thermal insulation and low moisture resistance.

No. 3. Aerated concrete houses

Lightweight concrete blocks are the most promising material for building a house of all existing on this moment... Of all stone materials, aerated concrete differs best performance for thermal insulation. Due to the fact that the block is large (replaces 17-20 single bricks), the construction of buildings is carried out quickly. In terms of strength and durability, the material is practically not inferior to brick. TO aerated concrete include aerated concrete, foam concrete,, but the most widespread in private construction were the first two.

Aerated concrete house (aerated concrete)

House of cinder-concrete

No. 4. Frame house

No. 5. Reinforced concrete panel houses

Another option for fast construction is the technology of erecting houses from ready-made factory houses. A low-rise house can be built in a few days! The technology resembles the one that was so actively used in the Soviet Union for the rapid construction of millions square meters housing.

pros:

Minuses:

• a solid foundation is needed;
• a small number of offers on the market (few companies cast slabs for the created project - usually elements of typical sizes are made);
• such a house “does not breathe”;
• concrete does not hold heat well.

When you need to quickly build a reliable and durable house of decent size, then this is one of the best options, especially since today it is possible to cast panels of strictly necessary shapes and sizes in order to erect a building according to.

When choosing a material for building a house, it is important to take into account the characteristics of the climate, and the type of soil, and the future heating system, and many other factors. But even the highest quality building material can be disappointing if the construction technology is violated or the foundation is incorrectly laid, so these points should be given no less importance.

Any construction is always a cost, and a big one. But even if your budget is small, you should not give up trying to acquire your own home, because you can always build a house inexpensively if you know what and how you can save money. However, it should be understood that any savings should not be at the expense of the strength, comfort, beauty and durability of the home. In our article we will tell you how to quickly build a house with your own hands and at the same time get by with a minimum budget.

Savings methods

To begin with, building a house cheaply is, of course, possible, but since you and your family have to live in it, the quality of the building should not suffer. Moreover, a house made should not be:

• Too small. The usable building area should meet the needs of your family.
• Inconvenient. It is necessary to choose a layout option in which all family members will feel comfortable and cozy in such a house. It is equally important to provide for the zoning of the house, separating the sleeping (quiet) area from the living room, kitchen and hallway.
• A well-built home doesn't have to be expensive. To build cheap house, you can use inexpensive but solid materials, economical construction technologies and simple installation methods.

To make your home quickly and inexpensively, you can save in the following ways:

1. At the very initial stage, you can save on choosing a project. Moreover, we are talking not only about the use of a standard project instead of developments carried out according to individual order, but also about economical planning solutions, as well as the selection of durable and inexpensive structures.
2. To build a house cheaper, you can save on finishing works... That is, you should use the simplest and most inexpensive Decoration Materials for walls, floors and ceilings, inexpensive plumbing. This will not diminish the comfort of living in the house, but the savings are obvious.
3. It is better to carry out the purchase and delivery of materials yourself, and not entrust the contractor. So you can control everything, choose less expensive materials.
4. It is much cheaper to build your own home than to hire a team of workers. But this option can be realized if building houses is at least a little familiar to you.

It is not worth saving on this

If you decide to build the cheapest house, but want it to be warm and economical, then in no case should you save on the following things:

1. If you entrust the construction process to a team of workers, then you should not save on technical supervision. Even with at least some knowledge of construction process and materials, you still cannot fully control the quality and correctness of all construction works... And the strength and durability of the entire building depends on this.
2. Even if you buy typical project at home, it is worth ordering its binding to your area and climatic conditions. So you can build an inexpensive house, Constructive decisions which will be adapted to your climatic conditions, soil characteristics, standing level groundwater... It will also be useful to perform heat engineering calculation the thickness of the enclosing structures so that the house is warm in winter, and also there is no overspending of materials for unnecessarily thick walls and insulation.
3. If you decide to build an inexpensive house, then you should not save on engineering systems and communications, because the comfort of your stay in the house depends on it. Electricity supply, water, sewerage and good heating- all this must be of high quality and work properly for a long time.

Economical housing options

To build a house inexpensively, you need to choose optimal technology construction. Today, several technologies are known that allow you to build a house quickly and inexpensively:

• frame-panel housing construction;
• frame-panel houses;
• construction of a house from a bar;
• the use of aerated concrete blocks.

Building prefabricated houses for each of the above technologies has its pros and cons. So that you can choose the best option construction, which will allow you to build a house relatively inexpensively and quickly, it is worth exploring the advantages and disadvantages of each technology.

Frame house building

The construction speed using this technology is the highest. A house can be built even in a few weeks. The resulting structure will be warm enough, durable and weather-resistant. The service life of a frame house can be up to 75 years.

A house can be built cheaply using one of two frame technologies:

• Frame-panel construction in the first place in terms of the speed of installation. For the construction of a house, ready-made or home-made sandwich panels and a frame made of timber are used. The construction technology is so simple that the structure can be built independently.
• For the construction of a house frame-panel technology it will take a little longer, but the cost of construction will be cheaper than the previous installation method. In this case, at the construction site, the wooden frame of the house is first erected, then it is sheathed with wood sheet material... In the gap between the frame racks is laid thermal insulation material, then the walls are sewn up from the inside with OSB or moisture-resistant plywood. It is imperative that a wind and hydro barrier is used in the construction of the walls.

The advantages of the technology include the following:

1. Due to the low weight of the building, you can save on the manufacture of the foundation and volume earthworks... Moreover, the walls themselves are cheaper at cost than building a house out of brick or concrete.
2. Such a house warms up very quickly and retains heat well. Walls with a thickness of 20 cm protect from the cold in winter no worse than a brick wall with a thickness of 0.5 m.
3. Due to the low thermal conductivity of the material, you can significantly save on heating your house in winter.
4. Such buildings do not shrink, so finishing work and settling in the house can be done immediately after the construction of the box.
5. Since there are no wet processes during construction, the house can be installed even in winter.

Cons of frame technology:

1. The high tightness of the frame house is its main disadvantage, because for a comfortable stay in the house, you will have to equip high-quality supply and exhaust ventilation.
2. The ecological purity of such a building is questionable, because the OSB contains synthetic resins, and the expanded polystyrene itself, which is used to insulate a house, cannot be called an environmentally friendly material.
3. Increased flammability. Moreover, expanded polystyrene emits toxic components during combustion.
4. The durability and safety of such a house is questionable, because if you wish, you can cut a hole in the wall with an ax.

Aerated concrete houses

You can quickly build a house from aerated concrete blocks. Building a house box from this material is much more profitable than brick building for several reasons:

1. If you are looking for how to build a house cheaply and quickly yourself, then aerated concrete is exactly the material that will allow you to achieve what you want three times faster than using traditional bricks.
2. The built house practically does not shrink, therefore, after installing windows and doors, you can immediately start finishing and settling in the dwelling. This is especially important if it is important for you how to get your home as soon as possible.
3. The low thermal conductivity of the material helps to retain heat in the house. As a result, you can save on heating in winter. Moreover, the walls are 1/3 thicker than brick structures, and retain heat in the house just as well.
4. Due to the small specific gravity and the significant dimensions of one block, a house can be built with your own hands without the use of construction equipment in the shortest possible time.
5. The porous structure of aerated concrete allows the walls to breathe. Thanks to this, a microclimate favorable for humans is formed in the room.
6. Aerated blocks give a flat, smooth surface that does not need additional leveling before finishing.

Important: when building such a house, it is better to use not an ordinary solution, which will contribute to the formation of "cold bridges", but a special glue that gives an airtight and thin seam.

When deciding what is cheaper to build a house from, it is worth considering the disadvantages of aerated concrete:

1. Due to its high porosity, the material is very hygroscopic; therefore, it must be carefully protected from moisture with special finishes outside and inside the premises. A damp gas block loses its thermal insulation characteristics.
2. Aerated concrete walls cannot be left without finishing, so you cannot save on finishing materials.
3. To lean on aerated concrete blocks roof structure and floor slabs, it is necessary to equip a monolithic armored belt, and this entails additional costs of money and time.

Timber houses

Choosing what to build from cheaper house, you should pay attention to profiled and glued beams. Of course, glued laminated timber is not like that cheap stuff but profiled products chamber drying not worse in operational characteristics and at the same time have an affordable price.

Among the advantages log houses it is worth noting such points:

1. High thermal insulation characteristics. A wall of timber with a thickness of 22 cm is equal in terms of thermal conductivity to brick wall 0.6 m thick.
2. Walls made of profiled and glued timber look so attractive from the outside and inside that they do not need any finishing.
3. Due to the lightness of the material, a shallow lightweight foundation can be made for the structure.
4. The technology for building from a bar is quite simple, so you can build a house with your own hands.
5. The timber building is distinguished by its ecological cleanliness and a special favorable microclimate.
6. The speed of construction is another plus in favor of this technology.
7. A house from a bar can be built even in winter.

Among the disadvantages of the technology, it is worth mentioning the following:

1. Wood is susceptible to rot, mildew and damage by insects, so periodically you will have to renew the protective antiseptic impregnation.
2. A house made of wood shrinks, so it will not be possible to move in immediately after the construction of the box.

Attention: on the shrinkage of a house made of wood natural moisture it can take 6 to 12 months. A chamber-dried construction of glued and profiled timber will shrink in 3 months.

1. Wood is a combustible material, so all elements must be treated with fire retardants.
2. It is necessary to strictly observe the construction technology and use mezhventsovy insulation so that the house is warm and comfortable, and the structure itself lasts a long time.