How best to make an armored belt. Do-it-yourself choice and installation of formwork for armopoyas

The need to create an armored belt for a Mauerlat when building a roof is not always obvious to novice builders. They often have the wrong idea about the reinforced strengthening of the base for the construction of the roof as something unnecessary and superfluous. However, the armopoyas is an important mediator that distributes the load of the roof onto the walls of the building. Consider why an armored belt is needed under the roof, what functions it performs and how to arrange it yourself.

In this article

The need for an armored belt

Let's start considering reinforced base under the roof with its main functions.

Load conversion

The rafter legs transfer the load to the Mauerlat, the main concentration of which is in the places where the rafters are supported on the walls of the house. The task of the Mauerlat and the armopoyas is to transform this load, making it uniform. The Mauerlat is affected by two types of loads. This is the weight of the roof itself, the snow accumulated on it, the effect of wind gusts on the roof and other natural phenomena.

Another load is associated with the expansion of the rafters of the walls of the building. With an increase in the weight of the roof, it increases significantly. Modern materials for the construction of buildings, such as expanded clay concrete, aerated concrete, with a number positive characteristics not able to withstand such a bursting load. Before installing the Mauerlat on them, it is imperative to create reinforced belt.

Brick walls have a greater endurance to point loads, therefore, to mount a Mauerlat on them, it is enough to use anchors or embedded parts. However, experts recommend the use of an armored belt for brick walls if the building is being erected in an earthquake-prone region.

Fastening the roof to the house

The most important and basic task of the Mauerlat is to firmly fasten the roof to the house. Thus, the Mauerlat itself must be securely mounted to the building.

The main tasks of the reinforced base under the roof can be summarized as follows:

Holding strict geometry buildings in all situations: seasonal soil fluctuations, earthquakes, house shrinkage, etc.;
Alignment of walls in a horizontal projection, correction of inaccuracies and flaws in the construction of walls;
Ensuring rigidity and stability of the entire structure of the building;
Uniform and distributed distribution of the roof load on the walls of the building;
Possibility of strong attachment to the reinforced base important elements roofs, primarily Mauerlat.

Calculation of the reinforced base for the roof

The process of reinforcing the base for the Mauerlat begins with planning and calculations. It is necessary to calculate the size of the armored belt. By building standards it should be equal to the width of the wall and at least 25 cm. The recommended height of the reinforced base is around 30 cm. The armopoyas and the mauerlat laid on it should encircle the entire house.

If the walls are erected from aerated concrete, then the upper row is made of stone in the shape of the letter U, which creates the formwork. It is necessary to lay reinforcing elements in it and fill the entire structure with a cement solution.

Before actually starting construction works it is also necessary to prepare the necessary tools and Construction Materials... To create a reinforced base under the roof, you will need:

Concrete mixer for high-quality mixing of cement mortar;
A specialized vibrator that accelerates cement mortar in the formwork, preventing the creation of voids from the air in the structure;
Materials for the construction of formwork;
Armature.

Installation technology

The installation of the armopoyas begins after the masonry work. It is necessary to wait until the masonry is completely dry.

Formwork creation and rebar placement

The first stage is the construction of the formwork. In buildings made of aerated concrete blocks, the outermost row of masonry is made from blocks in the shape of the letter U. If these are not available, the outer part of the formwork is made of 100 mm sawn blocks, and the inner part is made of planks. Installation is carried out in strict compliance with the horizontal level.

A frame made of reinforcement is laid in the formwork. His longitudinal part formed from 4 rods of reinforcement with a diameter of 12 mm. Transverse fastenings are made from rods of 8 mm in diameter, subject to a step of no more than 25 cm. In projection, the frame looks like a square or rectangle. The frame parts are mounted with an overlap of up to 20 cm. The joints are connected with a knitting wire. In a solution, such a reinforced frame exists as a monolithic one.

Laying the frame provides for the observance of certain rules:

The thickness of the concrete from the frame to the formwork is not less than 5 cm;
In order to comply with this rule, coasters made of bars of the required height are placed under the frame.

An important part of the work is to strengthen the formwork frame. If this is not done, then it will be warmed up by the weight of the concrete. This can be done in various ways:

Installation of fasteners for the Mauerlat

After working with the formwork and laying the reinforcement, you can start installing the fasteners for the Mauerlat. We recommend using threaded rods. It is convenient to purchase studs with a diameter of 12 mm. The length of the studs is calculated taking into account the fact that their bottom is attached to the frame, and the top protrudes 2-2.5 cm above the Mauerlat.

Installation of studs is carried out taking into account:

There is at least one stud between the two rafters;
The maximum installation step is no more than 1 meter.

Filling with cement mortar

The main feature of the reinforced base for the Mauerlat is its strength. It can only be reached when pouring. concrete mortar at once.

To create a concrete mixture, concrete is used at least M200. The best mixture for filling the belt is prepared in the following proportions:

1 part of M400 cement;
3 parts of washed sand and the same amount of crushed stone.

The use of plasticizers will help to increase the strength and speed of hardening of the mixture.

Since a lot of mixture is required to create an armored belt at once, it is advisable to use a concrete mixer and a special pump for supplying the solution. In the absence of equipment, the help of several people will be required to prepare and continuously feed the finished mixture.

After the concrete is poured into the formwork, it is important to expel all air from any air pockets. For this, a special vibrator device and simple fittings can be used, with which the mixture is pierced along the entire perimeter.

Mauerlat installation

Removing the formwork from the armored belt is possible as soon as the concrete hardens enough, and installation on the Mauerlat structure can be started no earlier than 7-10 days after pouring the armored belt.

Before laying, the parts of the Mauerlat must be specially prepared:

Mauerlat timber is treated with antiseptics;
Connecting it individual elements performed by the method of a straight lock or oblique notching;
The Mauerlat is applied to the armored belt and the places for the studs are marked. Holes for fasteners are drilled.

Laying the Mauerlat is preceded by covering the reinforced base with a layer roll waterproofing, as a rule, roofing material is used for these purposes.

The Mauerlat is secured with a large washer and nut, and locknuts are used for safety. After tightening all the fasteners, the remaining tops of the studs are cut off with a grinder.

Let's summarize

Reinforced base under the Mauerlat is more a necessity than a luxury. Roof structure has a rather large effect on the walls of the house, which, although it is evenly distributed thanks to the Mauerlat, can negatively affect the strength of the entire building.

The creation of an armored belt is necessary in structures made of gas and expanded clay concrete due to the fragility of these materials, in areas with high seismic activity. It is also advisable to strengthen the walls under the Mauerlat when creating heavy roofing structures.

Reinforcement of the upper part of the walls is not difficult work requiring the involvement of specialists. Subject to a number of rules and the involvement of assistants, it can be done on your own.

Formwork-for-armopoyas.

Reinforcing belt and their types.
The first armopoyas
Third armopoyas

During any construction, it is quite important not only to correctly erect the walls of the building, but also to strengthen them with the help of the armored belt made. Thanks to such a reinforcing belt, any constructed building increases its strength several times, and has an even distribution of the load on ... Therefore, at the stage of creating a project for a future construction, great importance must be attached to the question of how to make an armored belt with your own hands.

Reinforcing belt and their types.

There are several types of reinforcing belts in construction.

It should be noted! When constructing an armored belt as quite often, ribbed metal rods (reinforcement) with a section of 10 or 15 mm are used, or a metal mesh made of the same rods. When constructing a frame made of reinforcement for an armored belt, the joints of the reinforcing mesh or rods are not recommended to be welded, since the strength of the metal will significantly decrease, which means that the strength of the armored belt will also decrease. Therefore, metal reinforcement should be connected to each other only with a knitting wire.

First-armopoyas

The first armopoyas

The construction of any building always begins with laying the foundation. And it is clear that the more massive the building is constructed, the stronger the base is built for it, therefore, how to make an armored belt with our own hands, and why we need it, we will consider below.

Construction of a foundation with a reinforcing belt

Second armopoyas

When constructing a sufficiently strong foundation or constructing a one-story building, the second armored belt is more a convention than a necessity. The way he is more responsible for the integrity external walls.

Laying-reinforcement-for-the-second-armopoyas

Before starting the construction of an armored belt on a foundation of concrete blocks, first along the edge, it is necessary to lay out partitions 40 cm high in half a brick, between which a reinforcing mesh or metal reinforcement 15 mm in diameter is placed, after which a concrete solution is poured from above.

Laying-concrete-in-formwork-for-the-second-armored belt

Third armopoyas

This armopoyas is constructed before the construction of the floor and performs no less important task than the grillage. Designed mainly for strengthening both internal and external walls, which have door and window openings, as well as to keep the entire structure intact.

Remove from wooden barrel steel hoops and it will fall apart. Remove the reinforced belt from the house and the building will not stand for a long time. This is a simplified but very visual explanation of the need to strengthen the walls. Anyone who is going to build a solid house will find useful information about the purpose, types and device of armored belts.

What is this structure and what functions does it perform? Armopoyas is a tape made of monolithic reinforced concrete, which is laid on several levels of a building under construction.

The filling of the reinforced belt is carried out in the foundation, under the floor slabs and under the Mauerlat (support beams of the rafters).

This amplification method performs four important functions:

Increases the spatial rigidity of the building.
Protects the foundation and walls from cracks caused by uneven settlement and frost heaving of the soil.
Prevents heavy floor slabs from pushing through fragile gas and foam concrete.
Connects securely rafter system roofs with walls made of lightweight blocks.

The main material for increasing the rigidity of the walls was and remains reinforced concrete. For small outbuildings, you can use a less powerful brick armored belt. It represents 4-5 rows brickwork, the width of which is equal to the width of the load-bearing wall. In the seam of each row, a grid with a cell of 30-40 mm from steel wire with a diameter of 4-5 mm.

In what cases is an armopoyas needed?

For walls

Strengthening the walls with a reinforced belt is not always required. Therefore, you do not need to waste money on its device in the following cases:

solid soil (rocky, coarse or coarse sand, not saturated with water) lies under the base of the foundation;
walls are built of bricks;
under construction cottage which is covered with wooden beams rather than reinforced concrete panels.

If the site contains weak soils (dusty sand, loam, clay, loess, peat), then the answer to the question of whether a reinforcing belt is needed is obvious. You can not do without it in the case when the walls are built from expanded clay or cellular blocks (foam or aerated concrete).

These are fragile materials. They do not withstand ground movements and point loads from floor slabs. Armopoyas eliminates the risk of wall deformation and evenly distributes the load from the slabs to the blocks.

For (the wall thickness is not less than 30 cm, and the strength grade is not lower than B2.5), an armored belt is not needed.

For Mauerlat

The wooden beam on which the rafters rest is called the mauerlat. It cannot push through the foam block, so it may seem to someone that an armored belt is not needed for it. However, the correct answer to this question depends on the material from which the house is built. Mounting a Mauerlat without an armored belt is allowed for brick walls. They securely hold the anchors with which the Mauerlat is attached to them.

If we are dealing with light blocks, then the armopoyas will have to be poured. In and anchoring it is impossible to fix reliably. Therefore, very strong wind can tear the Mauerlat off the wall along with the roof.

For the foundation

Here the approach to the problem of amplification does not change. If the foundation is assembled from FBS blocks, then the armopoyas is definitely needed. Moreover, it must be done in two levels: at the level of the sole (base) of the foundation and at its upper cut. This solution will protect the structure from intense loads arising from the rise and settlement of the soil.

For rubble concrete strip foundations, reinforcement with a reinforced belt is also required, at least at the level of the sole. Rubble concrete is an economical material, but not resistant to ground movements, so it needs reinforcement. But the monolithic "tape" does not need an armored belt, since its basis is a steel volumetric frame.

There is no need for a device of this design and for a solid foundation slab, which is poured under buildings on soft soils.

For what types of interfloor floors do you need an armopoyas?

Under the panels that rest on expanded clay concrete blocks, gas or foam concrete, a reinforced belt must be done without fail.

Monolithic reinforced concrete floor it does not need to be poured, since it evenly transfers the load to the walls and firmly binds them into a single spatial structure.

Armopoyas under wooden floor, which rests on light blocks (aerated concrete, expanded clay, foam concrete) is not required. In this case, it will be enough to fill the support platforms made of concrete with a thickness of 4-6 cm under the beams in order to exclude the risk of pushing the blocks.

Someone may object to us, pointing out a number of cases when the armopoyas under the wooden floor of the floor is poured. However, in this case, amplification is required not because wooden beams on concrete cushions they are able to push through the masonry, and to increase the spatial rigidity of the building boxes.

How to make an armopoyas correctly?

The technology of the device of the reinforced stiffening belt is no different from the method of pouring a monolithic foundation.

In general, it consists of three operations:

Manufacturing reinforcement cage;
Formwork installation;
Pouring with concrete.

Certain subtleties and nuances in the work appear depending on the location of the armopoyas.

Reinforced belt for foundation

Answering the question of how to make a reinforced belt under the foundation (level 1), let's say that its width should be 30-40 cm more than the width of the supporting part of the main concrete "tape". This will significantly reduce the building's ground pressure. Depending on the number of storeys of the house, the thickness of such a stiffness belt can be from 40 to 50 cm.

The reinforced belt of the first level is made for all load-bearing walls of the building, and not just for the outer ones. The frame for it is made by knitting reinforcement clamps. Welding is used only for preliminary connection (tacking) of the main reinforcement into a general spatial structure.

Armoias of the second level (on the foundation)

This construction is essentially a continuation strip foundation(rubble concrete, block). To reinforce it, it is enough to use 4 rods with a diameter of 14-18 mm, connecting them with clamps with a diameter of 6-8 mm.

If the main foundation is, then there are no problems with installing the formwork under the armopoyas. To do this, you need to leave in it free place(20-30 cm) for the installation of the reinforcement cage, taking into account the protective layer of concrete (3-4 cm).

The situation is more complicated, since no formwork is placed for them. In this case, wooden spacers should be used, which support the formwork panels from below. Before installing on the boards, trim boards are stuffed, which protrude beyond the dimensions of the formwork by 20-30 cm and do not allow the structure to shift to the right or left. To connect the formwork panels, short cross-beams are nailed along the top of the boards.

The fastening system can be simplified by using threaded rods. They are put in pairs in the formwork panels at a distance of 50-60 cm. Having tightened the studs with nuts, we, without wooden supports and crossbars, get a sufficiently strong and stable structure for pouring concrete.

This system is also suitable for formwork, which requires an armored belt for floor slabs.

Studs, which will be filled with concrete, need to be wrapped in glassine or a little machine oil should be applied to them. This will facilitate the task of removing them from the concrete after it has hardened.

Armopoyas for floor slabs

Ideally, its width should be equal to the width of the wall. This can be done in the case when the facade will be completely revetted. slab insulation... If it is decided to use only plaster solution for decoration, then the width of the armopoyas will have to be reduced by 4-5 centimeters in order to leave room for foam or mineral wool. Otherwise, in the zone of laying the stiffening belt, a through bridge of cold will appear of a very solid size.

Making an armopoyas on aerated concrete, you can use another solution. It consists in installing two thin blocks along the edges of the masonry. A steel frame is placed in the space between them and concrete is poured. The blocks act as formwork and insulate the belt.

If the thickness aerated concrete wall 40 cm, then for this purpose you can use partition blocks with a thickness of 10 cm.

With a smaller wall thickness, you can cut it out with your own hands in a standard masonry block a cavity for an armored belt or buy a ready-made aerated concrete U-block.

Reinforced belt under the Mauerlat

The main feature that distinguishes the armopoyas under the Mauerlat from other types of reinforcement is the presence of anchor pins in it. With their help, the timber is firmly fixed to the wall without the risk of tearing off or shifting under the influence of wind loads.

The width and height of the reinforcing cage should be such that, after the structure has been embedded, at least 3-4 cm of a protective layer of concrete remains on all sides between the metal and the outer surface of the belt.

Any house during operation is exposed to the destructive effects of various natural phenomena:

Concrete reinforcing belts, like hoops in a barrel, pull together the walls of the house. The box of the house gains spatial rigidity, which allows the house to withstand the elements more successfully and avoid cracking.

The design and purpose of the armopoyas

Reinforced Belt- monolithic reinforced concrete tape covering brick house, house made of aerated concrete or others. around the entire perimeter.

A system of several armored belts at different levels forms a spatial structure that contributes to more even distribution loads on the walls of the house.

The main functions of reinforcement as part of the walls of the house:

preserves the geometry of the wall box, prevents it from opening in the upper part;
simplifies the task of attaching the Mauerlat to the walls;
evenly distributes the load from the floor slabs to the walls;
prevents wall deformation and the formation of cracks in case of uneven shrinkage of the house.

Types of armopoyas

According to the location and functions performed, the reinforcing belts are subdivided:

grillage- a monolithic reinforced concrete tape or slab that unites the pile heads of the foundation into a single structure; the grillage can be recessed, raised or high;
basement armopoyas- located between the foundation and bottom walls;
interfloor armopoyas takes the load from floor slabs;
unloading armopoyas for mounting the Mauerlat.

Why do you need an armopoyas and where is it located?

Grillage is part of the foundation, it is carried out under all the load-bearing walls of the house.
With a pile foundation structure, as a rule, it is located above ground level (high), combines the individual foundation piles into a single structure. Distributes point loads from pile heads evenly over the entire wall box.

Raised grillage located at ground level. Covers the upper edge of the walls of a recessed strip foundation made of blocks. May be part of shallow strip foundation.

Recessed grillage is carried out between the lower edge of the walls of the recessed strip foundation and the surface of the earth.

Base armopoyas rests directly on the foundation, holds the lower part load-bearing walls at home. Actually, in full measure it can be attributed to the family of armored belts very conditionally.

Availability doorways will not allow it to be performed continuously under the entire perimeter of the outer walls of the house, which significantly reduces its functionality. This type of armored belt can be recommended in cases where the rigidity of a block foundation without grillages is in doubt. If there is a grillage in the foundation, it is redundant.

Interfloor armopoyas serves as a support for the floor slabs of each floor. Must be performed without fail. Prevents the divergence of walls and the fall of floor slabs during the operation of the house.

Unloading armopoyas evenly distributes the load from the roof to the walls of the house. Allows you to simply and securely attach the Mauerlat to the wall.

Tools and materials

Consider what tools and materials are needed to make a reinforcing belt.

Formwork manufacturing:

hand circular saw;
screwdriver;
edged boards 25 mm;
OSB plate 8 mm;
self-tapping screws black 25, 45, 65 mm.

Reinforcing frame:

reinforcement rods with a diameter of 12 - 14 mm;
reinforcing wire with a diameter of 6 mm;
soft wire for tying reinforcement, it is convenient to use plastic ties.

Concrete work with self-preparation of concrete:

concrete mixer (from experience: optimal volume 160 l);
crushed stone of fraction 20 - 40 mm or 10 - 20 mm, larger is not necessary, smaller, as a rule, contains a lot of dust;
sand than less content clay is better;
cement grade 400, do not forget to pay attention to the date of manufacture, to obtain high-quality concrete, storage for no more than two months;
water without silt and oily contamination.

And one more tool that is worth dwelling on separately. It is a submersible vibrator for compacting concrete. Even if you have to purchase it for pouring one grillage, the gain in the quality of the concrete obtained will justify these costs. A simple hand-held vibrator with a hose length of 1 meter and a club diameter of 35 mm is enough for the job.

How to make an armopoyas with your own hands?

Making an armored belt with your own hands is a completely solvable task. At the right device process, the result of its solution will be a reliable basis under beams overlap and will only bring you positive impressions.

The sequence of actions in the manufacture of a reinforcing belt:

installation of formwork;
fabrication of a reinforcing cage;
pouring concrete into the formwork.

Installation of formwork for armopoyas

Measurements are made... According to the dimensions obtained, shields are made from boards on the ground. It is very convenient to use OSB strips, reinforced with a frame made of wooden slats.

Shields go up the wall... The upper edge of the shields is leveled. The difference in height along the entire length of the grillage is no more than 1 cm. The lower edge is fixed to the wall. It is convenient to use for fastening quick installation 6x100 mm.

Special attention should be given the tightness of the joints and corner joints... Concrete that has flowed through the cracks during pouring forms unsightly streaks on the wall and air cavities in the body of the armopoyas.

After assembly and installation in the formwork of the reinforcing cage, the parallel formwork panels are connected to each other by scraps of boards laid across the armored belt and fixed with self-tapping screws.

It must be remembered that when pouring concrete, the formwork structure perceives a large static and dynamic load. Poor fastening of the formwork elements leads to the extrusion of the walls by the poured concrete. This unpleasant situation should be avoided. Correctly assembled formwork has sufficient strength and rigidity. It should not bend when pressed against it by the weight of a person.

Manufacturing of a reinforcing cage for an armopoyas

The reinforcement cage is a spatial structure of 4 - 6 longitudinally arranged reinforcement rods with a diameter of 12 - 14 mm, fastened together by vertical and transverse bridges.

It is convenient to use rectangles made of reinforcing wire with a diameter of 6 mm as vertical and transverse jumpers.

Sequencing:

Do not connect the frame elements using electric arc welding. The metal of the frame at the point of welding overheats and loses its strength properties. Also, do not strive to tie the joints with thick wire and as strong as possible.

The strands must ensure the integrity of the frame during transportation and pouring with concrete. After hardening, the concrete adheres firmly to the reinforcement. The strength of the twists has no effect on the resulting strength of the grillage.

Along the length of the rods, they are joined with an overlap of at least 35 - 40 diameters of the reinforcement and are fastened together with a knitting wire. The rods must be joined not in one place, but in a run, with some interval from each other.

The gap between the reinforcement and the edges of the concrete must be at least 50 mm thick.

Pouring concrete into the formwork

Concrete can be purchased or prepared by yourself using a concrete mixer.

Concrete work with imported concrete

If there is an opportunity for a concrete truck to drive up to construction site, it is worth considering this option. Can be ordered quality concrete required brand. It is advisable to fill the grillage at a time, without interruption, a mixer-concrete truck will perfectly provide this opportunity. When pouring the grillage at a height, it is very convenient to use the services of a concrete pump.

Advice. When making concrete in a concrete mixer, try using concrete additives. It does not require large expenses, but the properties and quality of the resulting concrete will pleasantly surprise you.

Superplasticizers give the concrete mixture fluidity with less water. Concrete is easier to pour, less water provides greater strength and frost resistance.

Strength accelerators- in a day, you can remove the formwork, after two or three days, continue work further. Method of application - simply add to the water while mixing the concrete mixture.

I think you should immediately refuse offers to prepare concrete with a shovel. Poor quality of concrete, non-compliance with the recipe for preparation, long breaks in pouring are practically guaranteed.

During the first days after pouring, the concrete must be protected from sunlight and protected from moisture evaporation. In the future, periodically water the surface concrete structure water.

Subtleties and nuances of making an armopoyas

The safety of operation and the durability of the house you have built largely depend on the correct choice of the design of the reinforcing belts and the observance of the technology for performing the work.

If you involve outside specialists, first carefully study the entire sequence of actions literally step by step.

Find the time and opportunity to personally monitor the entire course of work, since all the shortcomings and oversights of workers will be hidden under a layer of concrete and will appear much later, when their correction will be very difficult or impossible.

A reinforced concrete belt is constructed around the perimeter of the building. The basis is a frame assembled from reinforcement. It is poured with a slurry of concrete. And to concrete mix did not spread, the formwork is going under the armopoyas. Let's figure out how to properly assemble this structure.

Why do you need to build an armopoyas

In what cases is an armopoyas device necessary? The purpose of this structure is to strengthen buildings built of gas or foam concrete, bricks and other materials that do not provide a sufficiently high structural rigidity. The construction device is necessary in the following cases:

if the house is being built on a shallow foundation;
when constructing buildings on sites that have a significant slope;
if there is a river or a ravine at a short distance from the facility under construction;
under certain characteristics of the soil at the construction site;
during construction in seismically active areas.

The technology for the construction of houses from block materials provides for the construction of several armored belts, namely:

the lowest reinforcing belt is poured into a trench dug under the foundation. Armopoyas is arranged along the perimeter and at the location of the bearing walls;
the next reinforcing structure is located in the basement of the building, its main function is load distribution;

another reinforcing belt is installed at the level of the overlap between the first and second floors. Its functions are to pull walls together and redistribute the load over window and door openings;
the upper chord is mounted at the level of the ceiling of the upper floor to redistribute the loads exerted by the roof.

To build an armored belt with your own hands, you must first assemble the formwork. Let's consider how this structure is mounted.

Formwork types for armopoyas

The formwork for the armopoyas can be mounted different ways... The main design options are removable and non-removable. In addition, can be used various materials for assembling forms for filling.

Fixed

The simplest installation option is installation not removable formwork... The disadvantage of this method is the increase in costs, since the used forms are used only once and remain in the belt structure forever. For installation already used ready-made blocks made of polystyrene foam, the owners can only install them correctly.

Advice! The use of expanded polystyrene blocks is an additional insulation of the house, since bare reinforced concrete structures are cold bridges.

Blocks are available in a wide range of sizes, so it is easy to purchase material for the construction of formwork for an armored belt of any size. The construction of the blocks is assembled as simply as possible, since they have fasteners and are interconnected according to the "groove-thorn" principle.

Detachable

If the purchase of ready-made blocks for the installation of formwork is not planned, then you can assemble removable systems using boards. it removable option, the assembled formwork is disassembled after the mortar has solidified and is rearranged to another place.

The use of movable structures allows you to save on materials. This option is more time consuming, since you will have to assemble the forms yourself. Doing this job requires care and accuracy.

Formwork installation

Let's figure out how to make the formwork for the armopoyas. We will consider the option of constructing a removable formwork from boards. The installation of the formwork for the armopoyas is carried out as follows:

for assembly, boards with a width of 20 mm are used;
the height of the belt should be 30 cm;
the width should be equal to the width of the main structure, that is, the width of the foundation or the width of the wall;
the first formwork board is screwed along the perimeter of the part to be reinforced. Subsequent boards are installed on top, close to each other, the gap between the boards should be minimal. Boards are knocked down into shields with the help of bars. It is better to fasten the structure with self-tapping screws, but nails can also be used;

to give the form the necessary rigidity, bars along outside stuff every 0.7 meters. The bars are placed strictly vertically;
to further strengthen the structure, wire ties are installed between the parallel shields. The screeds need to be positioned in increments of 0.8-1.0 meters;

the last step is to check the quality of the installation. It is necessary to make sure that the walls of the formwork are strictly vertical, and the structure itself is strong enough to withstand the pressure exerted by the concrete mixture;
in addition, you need to make sure that there are no gaps, otherwise the solution will flow through them. Wide slots are clogged with overhead slats, narrow ones - with tow.

Dismantling the formwork

To disassembly wooden molds should be started after the concrete has hardened. There is no need to wait for the concrete to reach full strength. You can dismantle the forms as soon as the solution hardens on top.

Disassembly is not particularly difficult. First, the wire ties are removed, then the structure is disassembled into parts. After cleaning and drying, the boards from the boards can be used to assemble the formwork in another area.

So, in some cases, the installation of an armored belt is mandatory. It is a reinforcing structure that increases the reliability of the building. For its construction, you must first assemble the formwork. It can be quickly assembled from ready-made polystyrene foam blocks or independently knocked down from boards and wooden blocks.