Clinker brick. Facing bricks: types, sizes and approximate prices Clinker facing bricks dimensions

Clinker bricks have excellent decorative properties and amazing durability. What are the areas of its application? What assortment of sizes, types, colors and textures is available to customers? We will talk about this in this article.

What is clinker brick?

Thanks to the unique combination of elegant appearance and excellent performance characteristics, this building material is considered elite. Its use will help the house look aesthetically pleasing, while giving the facade strength and durability. Clinker bricks are significantly more expensive than other facing materials, but their quality justifies the costs. It was invented and started to be produced commercially in Holland in the 19th century. Its name in translation from the Dutch language means "voiced". At first, it was used only for paving roads, but later became one of the most popular materials for external and internal decoration.

Peculiarities

Clinker facing bricks have unique physical and decorative properties. They are due to the unusual manufacturing technology and the use of special raw materials. Brick is made only from the so-called lean clay with a high content quartz sand... Mineral dyes and volcanic basalt can be added to the refractory mixture. The high temperature transforms the sand into glass. The firing conditions for workpieces are very different from the standard ones. To obtain a product of the required quality, the temperature in the oven must be kept exactly at the level of 1300 ° C. For comparison, in the process of firing ordinary bricks, 900 ° C is enough. Compliance with these technological conditions guarantees the minimum porosity of the material and its density. It gains exceptional strength and very low moisture absorption.

Durability and safety

Clinker facade facing brick does not require special care and efforts to maintain an aesthetic appearance. Dirt does not penetrate into its surface and is easily washed off with water, this is ensured by the extremely low porosity of the material. This property also prevents mosses from growing on the walls. Over time, the color of the brick does not fade, since mineral dyes are added directly to the clay at the stage of forming the blanks. This facing material retains its original appearance throughout its entire service life.

In terms of strength, clinker facing bricks are twice as good as ordinary ones. He possesses high level resistance to compression and resistance to mechanical damage... Architects use it to erect foundations and plinths of buildings that bear the weight of the structure and must withstand heavy loads.

Moisture absorption and frost resistance

The internal structure of clinker bricks is characterized by exceptional density, thanks to the pre-pressing of raw materials and firing at high temperatures. The almost complete absence of microscopic pores prevents moisture penetration. Clinker facing brick absorbs 3-5% of its mass of water. If the product has a glazed surface, then it does not absorb moisture at all. For comparison, for other materials this figure is 25%.

Low moisture absorption provides tangible benefits. The cladding can be used in difficult climatic conditions without taking additional efforts to protect it from precipitation. There is a relationship between moisture absorption and frost resistance. If a brick absorbs a lot of water, its structure collapses at low temperatures. Clinker brick is free from this disadvantage and can withstand at least 75 freeze-thaw cycles.

Durability

According to this parameter, this material confidently holds the leading position. If all technological requirements are observed in the process of using it in construction and operation, the warranty period can be up to 100 years. This phenomenal durability is the result of numerous positive qualities clinker bricks. Low moisture absorption, high frost resistance and strength reliably protect it from all destructive environmental influences.

Safety: environmental friendliness and fire resistance

Clinker facing brick contains only natural components: clay, sand and various mineral additives. It does not emit any substances harmful to health. This building material can be confidently attributed to the most environmentally friendly. Clinker bricks can withstand temperatures up to 1800 ° C without deformation. It owes such a degree of refractoriness to the refractory mixture from which it is made. The use of this material in construction increases the fire safety of buildings.

disadvantages

While there are many advantages, clinker facing bricks have some disadvantages. These include its low soundproofing properties. In addition, in terms of heat savings, it is approximately twice as low as ordinary red brick. It is worth noting that this disadvantage is partially offset by the fact that manufacturers produce many hollow types of this product. For example, facing clinker bricks for outdoor decoration in most cases are found in this version. Hollowness significantly increases thermal insulation.

Applications

The types of clinker facing bricks are determined by purpose. Façade is used for exterior decoration, usually has a glazed surface for maximum preservation and moisture resistance. Manufacturers offer a wide range of colors and textures for this type of brick. Sidewalk used for paving garden and driveways. It is worth noting that due to its strength, it perfectly withstands significant loads, for example, the weight of a car. Building the view is used in the construction of plinths and foundations.

Sizes and colors

There are strict standards according to which clinker facing bricks are produced. Dimensions cannot have deviations of more than 4 mm in length, 3 mm in width and 2 mm in thickness. Accuracy depends on the quality of the manufacturer's equipment and the qualifications of its specialists. There are three main sizes of this building material:

single (250 x 120 x 65 mm);
one and a half (250 x 120 x 88 mm);
double (250 x 120 x 140 mm);

European standard - 250 x 85 x 65 mm. The most popular are products from German manufacturers. Russian clinker facing bricks have an insignificant market share. A wide range of colors of this material is available to customers. Companies offer about a hundred shades created by adding mineral dyes to raw materials. Decorative properties combined with durability make clinker bricks one of the most attractive materials for exterior and interior decoration.

highlogistic.ru

Description of clinker facing material

Clinker products are made from a special kind of refractory clays by firing at elevated temperatures (over 1000 ° C). The result of firing at such a high temperature is a homogeneous composition of products, without voids and particles of foreign origin. This technology endows the clinker with high strength and durability. Clinker facing material has excellent performance characteristics: it is resistant to water, frost, creates a good barrier against sound penetration and heat leakage. The density of the structure makes it extremely wear-resistant and prevents contamination.

Clinker is a versatile building material, which allows it to be used in various areas of construction. Such a brick is involved in the construction of new buildings and in the reconstruction of already worn-out ones, they are used for revealing the facades of houses and constructing columns from it, decorating window openings, etc.

For cladding, a facade clinker specially designed for these purposes, or colored (or glazed), is used. Glazed clinker products can have not only different shades, but also glossy and matte. It depends on the glazing method.

Conventionally, the glazing method looks like this: on finished goods clinker, paint of the required shade is applied (in 2 layers), for a short period of time they are put in the oven. Re-firing is performed at a temperature greater than 1200 ° C. As a result, the coating is sintered to the clinker surface. Glazing material does not lose its rich color for many years.

Quite often, clinker bricks are used in the arrangement landscape design... Such a variety as sidewalk clinker fits perfectly into the surrounding natural conditions of the natural landscape. When laying paths from clinker products, there is no need to worry: the paths will not deteriorate over time.

Figured bricks made of clinker are a real find for design ideas. With his participation, it is possible to transform the most commonplace landscape into a whole work of art. Clinker is used when it is necessary to pave sidewalk areas near large office buildings, since such a brick is able to withstand more significant loads than analog materials.

There is no doubt that clinker cladding is durable, strong and beautiful. But few people realize that it is also safe from the point of view of the environment. Clinker production technology does not provide for the addition of chemicals and impurities. Therefore, such a brick is rightfully an environmentally friendly material for construction. This is becoming an important factor in the context of mass propaganda for environmental protection.

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Dimensions and other parameters of clinker

The formats of manufactured products are very diverse: from standard and generally accepted to the most atypical. That allows designers to implement a variety of ideas.

The range of various shaped materials with both protective and aesthetic properties is also very extensive.

The material is not cheap. Therefore, its selection should be taken thoroughly. Products of this kind are made in our country, in Ukraine, and in Europe. It makes sense to turn to manufacturers that have proven themselves in the market, who have been operating in this industry for more than one hundred years and anxiously guarding the traditions of technology.

German and Dutch companies, for example, have long earned a solid reputation. It is only important to note that their modern standards have some differences from those familiar to our compatriots.

24.0 * 11.5 * 7.1 cm basic dimensions of bricks for cladding and finishing works.

Frost resistance of bricks (letter F) usually has designations 35-100. The higher the number, the higher the frost resistance. Frost resistance of clinker bricks is 150.

When hitting with a hammer on high-strength grades (M150-300) of products, they break off the smallest crumb and form sparks, but do not split. Clinker strength reaches at least M400.

Clinker cladding material is a kind of "aristocrat" on construction market finishes. Its technology is known since long ago as well as quality and long service life.

www.vsebloki.ru

Application area

It is this type of stone that is most widely used in construction. The reason for this was many factors that make it as convenient as possible for operation in a wide variety of roles:

direct construction. The technical characteristics of this type of stone make it possible to erect strong and sturdy buildings from it. Despite the fact that clinker bricks have air cavities, it remains the most reliable option that is used when performing this type of work;

a variety of forms allows you to use it when erecting columns, curbs and other extravagant architectural forms;
specialized types of this material allow you to lay sidewalks and paths from it, as well as use it as a cladding. For the latter type of work, clinker tiles are used, which, in fact, is not a stone. However, it is impossible not to pay attention to it, because it performs its role and functions at the highest level;
a variety of colors gives impetus to the implementation of all kinds of design solutions.

As we can see, the spectrum is wide. I have always voted for this material only because its dimensions and shapes are of the most varied different types... To make the same arch, which will lead the path to the garden of unimaginable beauty, is much easier, having ready-made details at once, and not pouring a bizarre shape out of concrete. We can say that the Lego constructor was made in his image and likeness.

What does it consist of

This material contains four elements:

calcium;
silicon;
iron;
aluminum.

As we can see, it is environmentally friendly and has no modified impurities that would make it less popular.

Proportions remain the predominant fact in production. If you make a mistake, you can make the brick completely unusable. Some manufacturers add titanium, magnesium or manganese to the formula. The need depends on the geographical distribution of the product, because the climate of certain regions requires some features.

Unfortunately, creating it at home is an order of magnitude more difficult than, for example, sawdust concrete blocks. The production process is to blame, which assumes the presence of a large amount of equipment, and the price for it is too tough for the average builder-layman.

The simple composition makes the clinker brick an order of magnitude cheaper than the others, but the material does not lose quality. However, do not grab onto the cheapest option, because the chance of getting a low-quality product will be very high in this case.

Characteristics and dimensions

Friends, you can talk about the properties of the raw materials discussed now for years. Each builder has his own vision of its application, and at each site of the construction site, he can shine with some separate feature. I'll tell you about the classic ones:

unimaginable strength. Chemical composition the solution from which it is made directly affects the ability to withstand pressure and physical stress;
water absorption is one of the most important indicators that must be agreed with the seller. If you are not sure that you are holding a quality product in your hands that will calmly withstand the autumn showers, then a little below you can read how to protect yourself and your wallet from unnecessary waste;
resistance to negative temperatures - also positive feature this type of brick. It can withstand two hundred full freeze cycles and not collapse. What does it mean? If in your city for two hundred years every year there will be a fierce winter, then you can be sure that the building will withstand without problems;
light weight allows you to simplify the process of masonry and transportation;
low thermal conductivity values allow not resorting to the process of artificial insulation and keep the appearance of the building facade intact and authentic;
the clinker does not lend itself to the action of high temperatures, which allows it not to collapse in the event of fires, but to continue to fulfill its purpose for another one and a half hundred years.

Now let's talk about what shapes and sizes this raw material is. The variety is, in fact, insanely huge. There is even an opinion among builders that bizarre clinker can be presented as a gift for some holiday.

Classically it has a length of 240 millimeters, a width of 120 mm and a height of 71 mm. Used for standard construction work. If you have a desire to save money, but you do not pursue thermal conductivity, sound insulation, and wall thickness, then a stone of the same natural shape, which has a smaller thickness, is quite suitable for you. A lot of such samples are on construction yards in hypermarkets.

Remember to use unique dimensions when calculating. Otherwise, you will have to lay out a certain amount of money for exchange and transportation.

How not to get caught by scammers

In order to protect yourself and your building from a low-quality product, you can conduct a water absorption testing process. To do this, buy one copy of a brick and do the following with it:

take a bucket of ordinary water so that the stone can be completely immersed in it. Do not forget about Archimedes' law or prepare a rag;
weigh the subject before immersing the subject in water. Fans need not be invited, since the battle will not take place;
leave it in the liquid for a whole day so that it absorbs a certain amount of moisture;
Weigh the brick after 24 hours and calculate the percentage of the mass difference. It is he who should not exceed the 5% mark. Otherwise, be sure that you are holding a blatant fake.

Dear friends, I have repeatedly come across the purchase of a low-quality product. When construction begins, and the amount for materials is growing every second, the owners do not really think about quality, because the wallet is not made of rubber.

Once we erected an extension to the house, which was in direct contact with the fireplace. The latter served as a source of heat for the entire building, therefore, it gave out the temperature, unambiguously, high. Before starting work, I, as usual, checked the quality of the materials, and it turned out to be by no means the best.

The client thought that my opinion was not so important, and I did not want to resist, so I just did my job. Everything was done, but when calculating and parting, I said that we will see you soon. The owner smiled maliciously and did not attach any importance to my words.

A couple of years later, I was working at a nearby facility and decided to stop by to find out how things were going. My eyes widened to an exorbitant size, since I did not see my work. The entire extension was collapsed and was rebuilt by another team of builders. I never got a call. Apparently it was a shame.

Don't save money on materials! Remember that it is quality that always keeps your savings, and not low prices!

seberemont.ru

# 1. Features of the production of clinker bricks

The production process of clinker bricks is in many ways reminiscent of the production technology of the ceramic that is familiar to all of us: the clay mass is molded and then fired in a kiln. By and large, clinker bricks can be considered a kind of ceramic, the differences lie only in the characteristics of the raw materials and the temperatures of its processing.

For the manufacture of clinker bricks, special refractory clays... In kilns, the temperature rises to 1200-1300 0 С (for ceramic bricks the temperature indicators are 800-900 0 С), which provides complete sintering carefully pre-compressed raw materials. All the voids are filled, and in the end it turns out monolithic brick with unique properties. Due to its structure, it has high strength and wear resistance, ahead of all other types of bricks in these parameters. The absence of pores inside the product allows us to speak of minimal hygroscopicity. The moisture absorption index of clinker bricks is no more than 4-6%, and for the closest competitor, ceramic bricks, this parameter reaches 15-20%. It is not surprising that buildings that were built in the 19th century using this material retain their former appearance still.

To get a really strong and durable material, you need to be very careful about the choice of raw materials and production technology. Deposits of suitable types of clay are present in Germany, Poland, Austria and Holland. In Russia, there are very few of them, therefore, almost all clinker bricks on the market are imported, which affects the cost of an already expensive product.

Today, almost all clinker brick factories use machine molding, which ensures high performance of the material. Brick hand molding gets much lower strength and higher moisture absorption rates.

# 2. Advantages and disadvantages of clinker bricks

Features of raw materials and production technology make it possible to obtain a brick with a unique structure, which has a lot of advantages:

Among the main disadvantages of clinker bricks its useful to note:

high price, because a material with such impressive performance, as you might guess, cannot be cheap. However, if we compare the cost of the material and its durability, then the purchase can be considered an investment in your maintenance-free future... Clinker brick costs twice as much as ceramic brick, but bypasses it at times in terms of durability and resistance to negative external factors. On the other hand, it is worth noting that it is precisely because of the high price that clinker bricks are extremely rarely used as a building material - they prefer to use it for cladding;
high thermal conductivity as a result of the almost complete absence of air pores. For high strength and moisture resistance, you will have to pay with high-quality insulation;
low sound insulation qualities, which comes out again from the absence of pores, therefore, the enclosing structures made of this material will also need good sound insulation;
clinker bricks should be laid by professionals. In addition, it is necessary to use special solutions- ordinary masonry composition will not work, since the material is characterized by low moisture absorption.

It should be noted separately low vapor permeability... The minimum number of pores gives clinker bricks resistance to moisture, but at the same time prevents air from passing through the material. That is why, when using the material as a building or facing material, it is necessary to take care of high-quality ventilation.

No. 3. Types of clinker bricks and areas of use

All clinker bricks on the market, depending on the purpose, can be divided into such views:

For interior decoration clinker bricks are used very rarely - such cladding is expensive and loads the foundation. However, today designers have already begun to use clinker tiles to decorate individual areas. The material is well suited for decorating stoves and fireplaces.

No. 4. Hollow and solid clinker bricks

Like other types of bricks, clinker bricks may differ by the nature of the filling:

No. 5. Dimensions and shape of clinker bricks

Clinker bricks are:

standard parallelepiped, most common;
figured, or shaped, has an unusual shape.

The world of brick making has long been established uniform standard, which all manufacturers are guided by. Single brick, and this applies to clinker products, has parameters 250 * 120 * 65mm and is denoted by 1 NF (the so-called normal format). Such products can be solid or hollow, they are used both in construction and in cladding - in general, they have found the widest application.

Standard bricks are also available in other sizes:

one and a half brick, 1.4 NF, 250 * 120 * 88 mm. It is used in the construction of critical structures when it is necessary to save time;
double brick, 2.1 nf, 250 * 120 * 140 mm. It is usually produced hollow and used in lightweight masonry;
"Euro", or 0.7 NF, 250 * 85 * 65 mm, found application in cladding;
half, 0.5 NF, 250 * 60 * 65 mm, also used in finishing works;
modular single block, 1.3 NF, 288 * 138 * 65 mm, used extremely rarely.

There are other less common formats of clinker bricks, for example, 240 * 90 * 52 mm or 240 * 115 * 174 mm. The weight of one brick, depending on the size and fullness, ranges from 1.6 to 3.3 kg.

There are some requirements for the finished product, or rather its geometry. So, the maximum permissible deviation from the declared value is 4 mm in length, 2 mm in height, and 3 mm in width. The product must have the shape of a regular parallelepiped, and the maximum divergence of parallel edges is 3 mm.

Brick of irregular shape is often used in cladding. Curly products can have a wedge-shaped, triangular, rounded and other complex shape. Such elements are usually used to decorate window openings, window sills, house corners and other architectural elements. Shaped bricks allow you to create a unique look of the house and show your imagination to the maximum.

No. 6. Clinker brick color

The shade of clinker bricks depends primarily on the type of clay. Corrections are also made by the firing procedure, after which products made from the same raw materials may have slightly different tones. New shades are obtained by mixing different varieties clays No third-party coloring pigments are commonly used. Huge influence on the shade has mineralogical composition of clay. So, for example, clays that are located near iron ores receive terracotta shade, clays near limestone are white, and near coal - gray. Each deposit has its own unique color - no two are alike.

By mixing different types of clay, it was possible to obtain several dozen different shades clinker bricks, but all of them can be combine into three groups:

natural terracotta and brick tones;
light creamy shades with a transition to peach color;
dark colors.

The rarest is considered white clinker brick which is made from the best varieties clays that are fired before sintering. The result is beautiful products that retain their original shade throughout their entire service life, are almost completely waterproof and have excellent dirt-repellent properties.

Decent demand is for products that have undergone an artificial aging procedure, or on which an imitation of efflorescence or carbon deposits is created in the factory. This brick allows you to create a unique architectural appearance of the house.

Before choose a specific shade, it is necessary to clearly imagine, and it is better to depict on the layout, how this color will be combined with the color of the roof, fence and other elements of the site. It is also important how well the chosen color fits into environment and the style of landscape design.

If you want to get a special result, you can combine several shades in the facade cladding... For example, highlight window and door openings with darker bricks. You can use bricks of two or three different shades in a chaotic manner. Any experiments are welcome, but the main thing is to think well in advance what result you want to get. It is advisable to buy a brick in the amount that is enough to complete the entire volume of work. Otherwise, you may be faced with the fact that products from different batches will differ in shade. The difference, of course, will seem almost imperceptible, but after all the cladding work is completed, you will see a clear color transition.

Pay attention to the color of the decorative grout... It can be in brick color or, conversely, be contrasting. The shade of the grout dramatically affects the perception of the brick-finished surface.

No. 7. Clinker brick texture

The classic and simplest option is smooth matte coating ... In this case, nothing special has to be done in the production process. To diversify the appearance of a brick, to give it a relief or gloss, the following technologies are used:

Any type of clinker brick is suitable for facing the facade - it all depends on personal preferences and tastes. For paving paths, it is better to take a product with a noticeable relief - they will be less slippery.

No. 8. Large manufacturers of clinker bricks

Germany is considered the birthplace of clinker bricks. All major industries are still concentrated in this country. They respect traditions, develop new solutions and are very scrupulous about the quality of products. There are more than a dozen manufacturers in the country. On the domestic market, you can purchase products of such large German companies:

Separately, we note the products Feldhaus Klinker... Among the Chinese manufacturers, one can single out the company Houson, which is one of the few that produces really high-quality bricks and sells them at very competitive prices.

Not so long ago, clinker bricks appeared on the market domestic production:

Of course, domestically produced bricks are cheaper than imported products, but when buying, do not forget that clinker cannot be very cheap - raw materials and production technology are quite expensive. Inspect the brick carefully for defects and geometry accuracy. Quality products will always have appropriate documents. First of all, it is a certificate of compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents.

Based on materials from the site http://thermobrick.ru/.

remstroiblog.ru

What are they made of?

The composition of the clinker facade brick includes a mixture of plastic refractory refractory clays, which contain:

Aluminum oxide in the range of 17-23%. Reduces viscosity during firing, thereby reducing deformation of the final product.
Iron oxide up to 8%. An excess of this chemical compound during firing shuts off the release of carbon dioxide. Due to this phenomenon, the surface is swollen.
Calcium in the range of 7-8%. Excessive deformation, increased porosity and reduced strength.
Magnesium oxide is 3-4%. Excess of this compound shrinks heavily.

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Production technology

Classic clinker is produced by hand in Germany at the Wittmunder Torfbrand Klinkerwerk plant and fired at a temperature of 1200-1400 ° C in ring kilns for 10-14 days. This makes the brick extremely durable and the color unique. Business card the plant became silver and gold clinker.

For any type of material production, its mandatory firing is carried out.

In addition to piece production, there are modern automated production facilities. Either way of forming, extrusion or semi-dry pressing, the firing step will be the same. For this, two-hundred-meter tunnel ovens are used. The bricks are transported on a conveyor through chambers with different temperature conditions from 1000 to 1400 ° C. The clay is completely sintered and transformed into an aesthetically pleasing monolithic stone.

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Extrusion method

The finished plastic mass is transferred to an extruder.
Under pressure, the clay passes through holes of a certain shape and configuration.
The resulting long strip is cut to a predetermined brick width.
Raw materials are sent for drying to a moisture content of 2-3%.

Exterior decoration of a house requires certain knowledge, taste and money.

With all these qualities, there will be no problems with the choice of material for external cladding.

Clinker brick, the most durable and resistant to any destructive effects, is the most preferred material for home decoration.

It is able to protect walls from any impact, to form a stylish and very atmospheric look of the house, reminiscent of solid old buildings.

It is worth knowing as much as possible about the properties of this material, it deserves it.

Facade clinker bricks

Clinker brick is one of the varieties ceramic material, which has the greatest hardness and strength.

The material is made from special raw materials - kaolin clay, which contains special substances (aluminum oxide, iron oxide, etc.) that enhance the properties of the brick during firing and give the material a certain shade of color - from cherry to dark purple. Gray and black shades are imparted by carbon monoxide, which appears due to a decrease in the amount of oxygen during firing.

There are two technological modes for the manufacture of clinker bricks. The first, the most common, is extrusion. The plastic material is continuously pulled through the molding slots with periodic cutting.

The second method is custom molding for the more expensive grades of material made for specialized custom orders. From the point of view of dimensional and dimensional stability, the first method is preferable, which gives a standard size of the material, which makes it easier to work.

The properties of the material make it possible to use it in a somewhat unusual quality - for example, for decorating swimming pools or paving sidewalks. The material copes with these responsibilities quite effectively.

Photo of a house with clinker bricks:

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of clinker bricks are:

High strength, material hardness.
The durability corresponds to the service life of the building.
Almost complete lack of moisture absorption, high frost resistance.
Resistant to sudden changes in temperature.
High decorative properties of facing bricks.
Many options for the color and texture of the material.
Resistant to mold, mildew, moss, etc.
No burnout from exposure to UV rays.
Doesn't require any maintenance.

At the same time, there are disadvantages:

To form a high-quality coating, you will need to contact professional bricklayers.
The cost of material and work is much higher than that of others finishing materials.
If it is necessary to maintain the same color as possible, you will have to buy right away the right amount material from the same batch, since the peculiarities of the technology cannot always ensure color stability.

Types of clinker facing bricks

Clinker cladding bricks can have different types of surface:

Glossy.
Glazed.
Matt.
Corrugated (textured).

In addition, there are several sizes available:

Single (1NF).
One and a half (1.4 NF).
Double (2.1NF).
Eurostandard (0.7 NF).
Modular, single (1.3 NF).

By the degree of block density:

Hollow (facing).
Corpulent (multifunctional).

In addition to the usual form in the form of a parallelepiped, clinker facing bricks are produced in various modifications designed for a neat design. architectural elements building.

There are many options for bricks of a non-standard shape (additional brick), they are all designed to form transitions at different angles, the design of the edges or bends of the plane. In total, there can be about 20 options for a non-standard shape.

Elements that can be decorated with such blocks:

Bay windows.
Columns.
Corners with rounded or depressed edges.
Arches.
Window sills.
Basement curbs.
Cornices, etc.

In addition, there are several brick formats used in Russia and Europe.:

DF - 240x115x52 mm.
RF - 240x115x65 mm.
NF - 240x115x71 mm.
WDF - 210x100x65 mm.
2DF - 240x115x113 mm.
3DF - 240x115x175 mm.

In Russia, the NF format is most often used, although almost all types of material are commercially available... When buying, you should clarify the format, especially if you plan to combine different types of bricks so that there is no size mismatch.

Properties and specifications

The main parameters of clinker facing bricks:

Density - 2000 kg / m3.
Thermal conductivity - 1.17 W / m ° C.
Moisture absorption - 3-5%.
Frost resistance - 200 cycles.
Water vapor permeability - 0.07 mg / (m · h · Pa).
Acid resistance - 95%.
Fire resistance - not less than 1800 °.
Service life - 130-150 years (some manufacturers claim a service life of up to 200 years).

The technology of firing clinker bricks allows you to create a structure that is practically devoid of pores... The moisture absorption of such a material is extremely low, which ensures high frost resistance. The only one important condition there is a lack of open planes (beds) of hollow bricks, into which water can penetrate and break the material when freezing.

A useful feature of clinker bricks is the ability to carefully disassemble the cladding (for example, if it is necessary to insulate a wall or replace a failed insulation) and re-lay this brick over a new one. Clinker materials are fairly easy to clean from the hardened mortar, making it possible to reuse the cladding.

Preparing the wall for cladding

Clinker bricks have been cladding a house for decades. The presence of any flaws on the walls is a matter that requires a complete and final solution before laying the facing bricks, since then it will be too late.

Therefore, all existing flaws in the walls must be eliminated. In addition, the installation of the insulation should be made on a flat surface that does not form gaps or cavities that can prevent the removal of moisture from the wall materials and become a place for water accumulation.

Getting wet building materials or insulation will quickly disable them and start the process of destruction, which is unacceptable and must necessarily be excluded at the preparation stage.

Production preparation stages:

Cleaning the surface of all foreign objects or materials. Removal of old paint, build-up, shedding.
All flaws in the walls, already existing or formed during cleaning, must be repaired with putty. Cracks should be well widened to determine their structure - inside they can expand and form significant cavities.
If the problem areas are large and there are too many of them, the best option is to completely plaster the wall.
The leveled surface is impregnated with two layers of deep penetration primer - primer. This operation will help to strengthen the contact of the special glue for insulation with the wall., will fix the upper layers of the wall material, protect them from destruction.
Installation of insulation is carried out according to conventional technology- in dense rows without gaps or gaps, on special glue with additional mount fungi - dowels with wide caps. As a heater, mineral wool slabs, polystyrene or polystyrene foam, etc. are used.

On top of the insulation (vapor-permeable), an airtight layer of a waterproofing membrane must be laid.

Cladding technology

The cladding can be laid with or without a ventilation gap. The need for ventilation of the seating area arises when using a vapor-permeable insulation. When installing non-permeable types of material, a gap is not needed, and steam is removed from the inside using enhanced ventilation. In this case, the cladding is laid close to the insulation, which requires special attention to its position relative to the plane and vertical.
Laying starts at the bottom on the foundation ledge... If its width is small, it should be increased using a metal corner attached to the foundation with anchors.
The first row of bricks is laid in compliance with ventilation gaps between every 3-4 bricks. They represent gaps in the size of the usual distance between adjacent bricks. but not filled with solution. The uppermost row of bricks is formed in a similar way. Gaps allow for airing ventilation gap and remove water vapor from it.
Laying is carried out with an offset of 1/2 brick... For stability, the cladding is connected to the wall with anchors every 3-4 rows. They are installed slightly below the inter-row spacing and are slightly bent up so that the flowing water falls on the waterproofing, and not on the lining. The anchors are tucked into the inter-row seams at least 2/3 of the length.
The laying technology is no different from the generally accepted one. Expansion joints required to compensate for thermal expansions are made every 12 meters(on the north side of the house - every 15, a dark brick on the lighted side of the house requires 9 m). Expansion joints are made along the line of brick joints and are subsequently filled with a sealant or other elastic material that does not allow water to pass through.

Useful video

In this video, you will learn about the pros and cons of clinker bricks:

Conclusion

Clinker brick is the most durable and reliable facing material that can serve for centuries without changes. The high price of this material is fully compensated by the lack of worries after installation, and the properties and quality of facing clinker bricks are the benchmark for all exterior finishing materials. The exterior of the building sets it apart from many other houses, making the building solid and well finished.

expert-dacha.pro

Description of clinker facing material

Conventionally, the glazing method looks like this: paint of the required shade is applied to the finished clinker products (in 2 layers), they are put in the oven for a short period of time. Re-firing is performed at a temperature greater than 1200 ° C. As a result, the coating is sintered to the clinker surface. Glazing material does not lose its rich color for many years.

Quite often, clinker bricks are used in the arrangement of landscape design. Such a variety as sidewalk clinker fits perfectly into the surrounding natural conditions of the natural landscape. When laying paths from clinker products, there is no need to worry: the paths will not deteriorate over time.

Back to the table of contents

Dimensions and other parameters of clinker

The formats of manufactured products are very diverse: from standard and generally accepted to the most atypical. That allows designers to implement a variety of ideas.

The range of various shaped materials with both protective and aesthetic properties is also very extensive.

German and Dutch companies, for example, have long earned a solid reputation. It is only important to note that their modern standards have some differences from those familiar to our compatriots.

24.0 * 11.5 * 7.1 cm basic dimensions of bricks for cladding and finishing works.

Frost resistance of bricks (letter F) usually has designations 35-100. The higher the number, the higher the frost resistance. Frost resistance of clinker bricks is 150.

When hitting with a hammer on high-strength grades (M150-300) of products, they break off the smallest crumb and form sparks, but do not split. Clinker strength reaches at least M400.

Clinker cladding material is a kind of "aristocrat" in the construction finishing market. Its technology has been known for a long time, as well as its quality and long service life.

www.vsebloki.ru

Description and characteristics of clinker

Clinker bricks are obtained by molding and high-temperature processing of mixtures of thoroughly crushed refractory clay, minerals and silicates with a slight addition pure water... The main requirement of the manufacturing technology is slow firing of products in tunnel-type furnaces with heating up to 1300 ° C. Subject to these conditions, the raw material is sintered with the highest possible homogeneity, forming a high-strength element without cracks and fine pores.

It is characterized by high color fastness, but due to the absence of impurities in the composition, its shades are always natural. The range of colors is wide - from light to almost black. The texture can be any: from smooth to rutted or velvet. Dimensions correspond to standards, in the case of Russian production - GOST 530-2012, foreign - European ISO standards. To reduce weight and improve thermal insulation qualities, they are performed mainly hollow, but there are exceptions. Despite the different shape of the edges and the possible absence of chamfers, they have high precision geometric parameters.

Properties and characteristics of facade clinker

Performance indicators:

The amount of water absorption does not exceed 6%, for most advanced manufacturers - 5.
Withstands at least 100 freezing cycles.
The minimum allowable strength grade is M250.
It is not afraid of fire and can withstand direct contact with flames. For this reason, it is recommended to buy it not only for facades, but also for the front masonry of fireplaces.
The minimum density is 1500 kg / m 3, the average for most products is 2000-2100.
Thermal conductivity does not exceed 1.15 W / m · ° C.
Average voidness is 30%. Slit clinker brick 1NF in size weighs no more than 2.3 kg.
Durability reaches 100 years or more.
Absolutely resistant to ultraviolet radiation and biological threats.

Pros and cons of using
The features and disadvantages taken into account include fragility; in order to avoid unnecessary expenses, the conditions of delivery, unloading and stacking are negotiated separately. This finish is considered elite, minimum costs are 1400 rubles / m 2 (excluding installation services). When buying foreign-made products, they increase at least twofold.

Unambiguous advantages - resistance to most external influences, high decorative effect, strength and durability. Clinker brick facades remain unchanged throughout the entire service life, this option is chosen when finishing "for centuries". The scope of application is not limited to climatic conditions, but installation is carried out exclusively in warm and dry weather.

stroitel-lab.ru

What is clinker brick?

Peculiarities

Clinker facing bricks have unique physical and decorative properties. They are due to the unusual manufacturing technology and the use of special raw materials. Brick is made only from the so-called lean clay with a high content of quartz sand. Mineral dyes and volcanic basalt can be added to the refractory mixture. The high temperature transforms the sand into glass. The firing conditions for workpieces are very different from the standard ones. To obtain a product of the desired quality, the temperature in the furnace must be kept exactly at the level of 1300 ° C. For comparison, in the process of firing ordinary bricks, 900 ° C is enough. Compliance with these technological conditions guarantees the minimum porosity of the material and its density. It gains exceptional strength and very low moisture absorption.

Durability and safety

Moisture absorption and frost resistance

Durability

Safety: environmental friendliness and fire resistance

Clinker facing brick contains only natural components: clay, sand and various mineral additives. It does not emit any substances harmful to health. This building material can be confidently attributed to the most environmentally friendly. Clinker brick can withstand temperatures up to 1800 ° C without deformation. This degree of refractoriness is due to the refractory mixture from which it is made. The use of this material in construction increases the fire safety of buildings.

disadvantages

Applications

The types of clinker facing bricks are determined by purpose. Facade is used for exterior decoration, usually has a glazed surface for maximum preservation and moisture resistance. Manufacturers offer a wide range of colors and textures for this type of brick. Sidewalk is used for paving garden and driveways. It is worth noting that due to its strength, it perfectly withstands significant loads, for example, the weight of a car. Building view used in the construction of plinths and foundations.

Sizes and colors

double (250 x 120 x 140 mm);

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Production technology

The term "clinker" itself has German roots and in translation means "brick". It is already traditionally believed that small-piece clinker products with best properties produced in Germany and Poland. The manufacturing technology of this type of brick is very simple: it is produced by firing in specially equipped furnaces by exposing refractory types of clay to high temperatures (operating temperature indicators, which are about 1200 ° C, are an order of magnitude higher than when firing standard ceramic bricks) until complete sintering raw materials. As a result, we can safely say that since only clay is part of the clinker bricks produced today, such a material is more likely to belong to ceramic products, like faience or terracotta. It should be noted that the clinker production process requires scrupulous adherence to all technological nuances, a special attitude to the molding of products and the quality of raw materials.

Varieties of clinker bricks

The varieties of this material existing today determine the peculiarities of the application of each specific type of these products.

Clinker facade tiles are a kind of decorative facing small-piece material used in the decoration of facades, as well as decorative finishing material (for interior decoration) of various types of premises. Its release is regulated by GOST 530-2012. Today, a hollow, solid facade clinker is produced.
Technical clinker is used for the arrangement of sidewalks, pavements, garden paths, areas both outside and inside the premises. Sidewalk clinker is a more expensive type of technical clinker that has the same scope.
The acid-resistant clinker has excellent ability to withstand various aggressive environments. It is actively used in laying out the facades of buildings and structures.
Waterproof clinker has proven itself in the arrangement of various hydraulic structures operated in high humidity conditions.
The specialized clinker allows you to finish surfaces with intricate, complex shapes. The production of small-piece products of this type implies the production of versatile corner elements (in addition to the standard ones). Some manufacturers offer clinker facing bricks for various surfaces.
Clinker used in decorative finishing works or in the construction of structures (gazebos, fences, sheds, etc.) with a low load on the supporting structures.

The production of all types of clinker bricks, except for facade bricks, is not standardized and is regulated by the technical specifications of each specific manufacturer. The difference in the characteristics of each type of clinker is achieved by using different types of clays, differing in the initial data.

Dimensions and weight

The main dimensions of the clinker:

250 x 120 x 65 mm (1 NF - single);
250 x 85 x 65 mm (0.7 NF - "euro");
250 x 60 x 65 mm (0.5 NF - half).

In the manufacture of non-standard products, dimensional deviations are allowed (dimensions are set by a specific manufacturer on an individual basis).

The weight of clinker bricks depends on the manufacturer and can vary from 1.6 to 3.3 kg.

Depending on the brands and manufacturer, there may be the following characteristics:

strength grades: М200-М1000;
water absorption: 3-6%;
density: from 1500 to 2000 kg / m³;
thermal conductivity: from 0.4 to 0.9 W / (m · ° С);
frost resistance: from 100 to 300 cycles;
voidness: up to 48%.

Advantages

more than a solid service life (at least 100 years);
high aesthetic qualities;
high strength characteristics;
the ability to manufacture a huge range of products with any shape, color, texture;
the possibility of a wide range of applications;
versatility.

disadvantages

The disadvantages of clinker products include a very significant point - their high cost, which is at least 2 times higher than the price of ordinary ceramic bricks. However, if we consider this factor in the light of the fact that the operating periods of clinker facilities are several times higher than those for structures made of ordinary bricks, then talk about the shortcomings of the first does not stand up to criticism. In addition, for laying this type of brick, it is necessary to use special mortars, due to its low water absorption.

Informed choice

When deciding on the choice of clinker bricks as a building material, it is worthwhile to study in detail the photos, videos of various examples of its use in the construction of objects of varying complexity and purpose. After reviewing the reviews on the operation of structures made of clinker bricks, we can conclude that today it is the optimal material for the construction of objects of any complexity.

mainavi.ru

What is clinker brick?

Peculiarities

Clinker facing bricks have unique physical and decorative properties. They are due to the unusual manufacturing technology and the use of special raw materials. Brick is made only from the so-called lean clay with a high content of quartz sand. Mineral dyes and volcanic basalt can be added to the refractory mixture. The high temperature transforms the sand into glass. The firing conditions for workpieces are very different from the standard ones. To obtain a product of the required quality, the temperature in the oven must be kept exactly at the level of 1300 ° C. For comparison, in the process of firing ordinary bricks, 900 ° C is enough. Compliance with these technological conditions guarantees the minimum porosity of the material and its density. It gains exceptional strength and very low moisture absorption.

Durability and safety

Clinker facade facing bricks do not require special care and efforts to preserve their aesthetic appearance. Dirt does not penetrate into its surface and is easily washed off with water, this is ensured by the extremely low porosity of the material. This property also prevents mosses from growing on the walls. Over time, the color of the brick does not fade, since mineral dyes are added directly to the clay at the stage of forming the blanks. This facing material retains its original appearance throughout its entire service life.

In terms of strength, clinker facing bricks are twice as good as ordinary ones. It has a high level of compression resistance and resistance to mechanical damage. Architects use it to erect foundations and plinths of buildings that bear the weight of the structure and must withstand heavy loads.

Moisture absorption and frost resistance

Durability

According to this parameter, this material confidently holds the leading position. If all technological requirements are observed in the process of using it in construction and operation, the warranty period can be up to 100 years. This phenomenal durability is the result of the many positive qualities of clinker bricks. Low moisture absorption, high frost resistance and strength reliably protect it from all destructive environmental influences.

Safety: environmental friendliness and fire resistance

disadvantages

Applications

The types of clinker facing bricks are determined by purpose. Façade used for exterior decoration, usually has a glazed surface for maximum preservation and moisture resistance. Manufacturers offer a wide range of colors and textures for this type of brick. Sidewalk used for paving garden and driveways. It is worth noting that due to its strength, it perfectly withstands significant loads, for example, the weight of a car. Building the view is used in the construction of plinths and foundations.

Sizes and colors

single (250 x 120 x 65 mm);
one and a half (250 x 120 x 88 mm);
double (250 x 120 x 140 mm);

highlogistic.ru

Dimensions and weight of clinker bricks

Clinker bricks are produced in several formats, ranging from standard to atypical shapes and sizes for building materials. This feature makes it possible to bring to life any design projects. At the same time, the material itself does not differ in affordable cost, so you need to choose it carefully.

The main standard dimensions of clinker bricks (length * width * height), cm:

24.0 * 11.5 * 7.1 (base);
25.0 * 12 * 6.5 (single);
25.0 * 8.5 * 6.5 (euro);
25.0 * 6.0 * 6.5 (half).

Some deviations are allowed for production of non-standard sizes. KK weight can be in the range of 1.6 - 3.3 kg.

Read about the durability of clinker bricks (brick), its strength, service life and other properties below.

The video below will tell you in more detail about the dimensions of the clinker:

Specifications

QC has the following characteristics:

The compressive strength of clinker bricks is about 250-350 kgf / cm 2, which will differ depending on the brand;
Water absorption 5-6%;
Frost resistance of clinker bricks is 200 freeze-thaw cycles under the condition of 100% humidity;
The minimum density indicator is 1500 kg / m;
The number of voids is up to 30%;
Specific gravity 2000-2100 kg / m 3;
Average value of thermal conductivity 1.15 W / Mk;
High fire safety. The impact of fire does not lead to their destruction.
The service life is 130-150 years.

The characteristics of clinker bricks say little common man, however, are extremely important for a professional.

This video will tell you about the properties of clinker bricks:

QC properties

Due to the fact that the material is exposed to high temperatures during the production process, the result is a clinker brick with increased strength and low water absorption coefficient. Its density allows it to withstand up to 1 ton per 1 cm 2 without losses and changes in structure. In addition, thanks to this property, the brick is resistant to fungus, bacteria and other destroyers.

High frost resistance is achieved as a result of a minimum number of pores that are able to absorb water. If we compare this material with concrete, then the CC is several times higher than it in terms of mechanical strength, abrasion resistance and durability.

Due to the fact that the clinker is fired at temperatures above 1800 0 С, as a result finished product extremely resistant to fire. With prolonged contact with it, the brick does not change its structure and integrity.

stroyres.net

What is clinker brick and what are its differences from other types

In accordance with GOST 530-2012, the product is described as durable and with extremely low moisture absorption, which provides it with excellent operational and decorative properties. The material can be used in an aggressive environment and for finishing works and cladding of buildings.

The product has the shape of a regular parallelepiped with dimensions specified by the current standard. The outer surface of the clinker brick has a slightly rough texture, the color of which ranges from light yellow to dark brown. In total, there are about a hundred shades, the formation of which is achieved by introducing special additives into the composition of raw materials.

Clinker bricks differ significantly from conventional ceramic bricks in the following ways:

During the laying of clinker bricks, masons use modified cement-sand mixtures. Such solutions have a minimum setting time, which allows you to reduce the time standards during the construction process. building structures... V decorative purposes the seams between the blocks are embroidered and rubbed with cement compounds with the addition of a coloring pigment. This increases the labor intensity technological process, but also significantly improve the appearance of the masonry.

Types of clinker bricks

Building material of this type is classified according to its intended use. The consumer is offered the following types of clinker bricks:

Technical characteristics of clinker bricks

The production of this building material is carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 530-2007 and 7484-78. The technical characteristics of clinker bricks are determined by its physicochemical properties and internal structure. The product has a high density and extremely low porosity, which provides it with low water absorption and excellent frost resistance.

The main technical characteristics of clinker bricks are presented in the table:

Density of clinker bricks

The high technical parameters of this building material are ensured by its composition and structure. The density of clinker bricks ranges from 1900 to 2100 kg / m 3, and such indicators are achieved due to the sintering of mineral raw materials in the firing process. This allows you to minimize the porosity of the products, which, in turn, prevents the penetration of moisture inside.

The high density of clinker bricks is the result of preliminary compression of raw materials at the stage of their formation. In some cases, the presses develop a force of up to 5000 kg / cm2, which increases such a block parameter as compression resistance. This building material, used for the construction of foundations and plinths of buildings, experiences a lot of pressure from walls and other structures without destruction.

Hollowness

In order to reduce the overall load on the foundations, unloaded building elements are maximally lightened. Facing or facade clinker bricks are made hollow in most cases. For this purpose, in the body of the product, through holes or notches of different shapes: they can be rectangular, cylindrical or conical. Voids in clinker bricks are formed during the pressing stage using special shapes.

The hollowness of the product is characterized by a special parameter - the coefficient and is defined as the ratio of the total volume to the real one. For certain types facade clinker bricks, this figure can reach 35 - 40%. In addition to purely decorative functions, such a cladding is also a good heat-insulating layer that reduces energy losses through walls.

Thermal conductivity

The performance characteristics of building materials are closely related. The thermal conductivity coefficient of clinker bricks is the highest among analogues. This indicator is in the range from 0.8 to 1.16 W / m ° С for comparison, a solid block - 0.5 - 0.7 W / m ° С, and porous - 0.22 W / m ° С, warm ceramics and at all - 0.11 W / m ° C.

The high thermal conductivity of clinker bricks is determined, first of all, by its density. It was possible to somewhat reduce this value only for hollow samples used for cladding buildings. Supporting structures: foundations and plinths built from this type of brick need additional insulation. This will help to significantly reduce losses through the building envelope.

Moisture absorption

This parameter characterizes the ability of clinker bricks to absorb a certain amount of water. The dense internal structure of the material makes it difficult to absorb moisture. Low porosity of the product is achieved during pressing and firing at high temperatures, which leads to sintering of individual particles. The result is a mass with few voids.

Clinker bricks with low moisture absorption characteristics can be used for the construction of critical structures. Including those that are used in aggressive environments with high humidity. Products with glazed surfaces do not absorb water at all, which ensures their durability. This building material is not prone to efflorescence.

Frost resistance

Clinker bricks are able to effectively withstand fluctuations in air temperature up to extreme values. The material has excellent frost resistance, according to the standard, the product can withstand at least 75 cooling and heating cycles. This indicator is determined by high density and low moisture absorption coefficient.

This property of clinker bricks is widely used in construction, the material is used in the construction of buildings in latitudes with cold climates. Bricks used for paving paths and sidewalks have maximum frost resistance. The material is in constant contact with soil saturated with moisture, which has a certain effect on it. Nevertheless, experts note the durability of these landscape elements.

Fire resistance

The technology for the production of clinker bricks provides for its firing at high temperatures. The structure of the material contains a significant proportion of refractory components, which provide excellent fire resistance. Tests show that the product can withstand temperatures of at least 1800 ° C. Structures made of this material remain stable when exposed to fire without deformation and destruction.

Sound insulating properties

The high density of clinker bricks determines the low attenuation of acoustic vibrations in it. Accordingly, the soundproofing properties of this material are rather mediocre. Actually, the name of the product in translation from German means "voiced", these are the sounds that occur when striking it. Fencing structures made of this material require additional sound insulation.

Vapor permeability

The internal structure of clinker bricks is characterized by extremely low porosity. This circumstance explains the low vapor permeability of products. This indicator has a numerical expression in the form of a corresponding coefficient, which for these products ranges from 0.03 to 0.07 mg / (m h Pa). The low vapor permeability of the facade brick finish ensures the safety of the enclosing structures from the effects of moisture. In indoor areas buildings made of this material need an effective ventilation system.

Environmental friendliness

Clinker bricks are made of natural minerals, and the technology of their production ensures the creation of a stable and dense structure. The products are highly environmentally friendly; during operation, they do not emit volatile chemical compounds harmful to humans. Raw materials and finished products undergoes a mandatory test for radioactivity. Manufacturers strictly adhere to the requirements of the current standard in this matter.

Dimension and geometric accuracy

Clinker bricks are produced in accordance with standards that define all of its main characteristics. Products are produced in three main standard sizes, which are designated by construction specialists as follows:

single - size 250 × 120 × 65 mm designation 1 NF;
one and a half - dimensions 250 × 120 × 88 mm, marking 1.4 NF;
double - dimensions 250 × 120 × 140 mm designation 2.1 NF.

There are other types of products: clinker bricks, the dimensions of which are 250 × 85 × 65 mm, are called "Euro" and are marked as 0.7 NF. In addition to those mentioned above, they also have a modular single block with a size of 288 × 138 × 65 mm, designated as 1.3 NF. Incomplete products are also produced, which are named by fractional parts: "three quarters", "half" and "quarter".

The accuracy of the production of clinker bricks is strictly regulated by the requirements of the standard. Permissible deviations in length should not exceed 4 mm, in width - 3 mm, in thickness - 2 mm. Products should have the shape of a regular parallelepiped with a maximum divergence of parallel edges of no more than 3 mm in maximum size. The greatest deviation from the plane on either side is 3 mm.

Exterior decoration of a house requires certain knowledge, taste and money.

With all these qualities, there will be no problems with the choice of material for external cladding.

Clinker brick, the most durable and resistant to any destructive effects, is the most preferred material for home decoration.

It is able to protect walls from any impact, to form a stylish and very atmospheric look of the house, reminiscent of solid old buildings.

It is worth knowing as much as possible about the properties of this material, it deserves it.

Clinker brick is one of the varieties of ceramic material that has the greatest hardness and strength.

Photo of a house with clinker bricks:

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of clinker bricks are:

High strength, material hardness.
The durability corresponds to the service life of the building.
Almost complete lack of moisture absorption, high frost resistance.
Resistant to sudden changes in temperature.
High decorative properties of facing bricks.
Many options for the color and texture of the material.
Resistant to mold, mildew, moss, etc.
No burnout from exposure to UV rays.
Doesn't require any maintenance.

At the same time, there are disadvantages:

To form a high-quality coating, you will need to contact professional bricklayers.
The cost of material and work is much higher than that of other finishing materials.
If you need to maintain the same color as possible, you will have to immediately buy the right amount of material from one batch, since the features of the technology cannot always ensure color stability.

NOTE!

The high prices for the purchase and installation of clinker bricks are to some extent compensated for by the one-off nature of the investments - the finished coating does not require any more actions or costs.

Types of clinker facing bricks

Clinker cladding bricks can have different types of surface:

Glossy.
Glazed.
Matt.
Corrugated (textured).

In addition, there are several sizes available:

Single (1NF).
One and a half (1.4 NF).
Double (2.1NF).
Eurostandard (0.7 NF).
Modular, single (1.3 NF).

By the degree of block density:

Hollow (facing).
Corpulent (multifunctional).

In addition to the usual form in the form of a parallelepiped, clinker facing bricks are produced in various modifications designed to accurately decorate the architectural elements of the building.

Elements that can be decorated with such blocks:

Bay windows.
Columns.
Corners with rounded or depressed edges.
Arches.
Window sills.
Basement curbs.
Cornices, etc.

In addition, there are several brick formats used in Russia and Europe.:

DF - 240x115x52 mm.
RF - 240x115x65 mm.
NF - 240x115x71 mm.
WDF - 210x100x65 mm.
2DF - 240x115x113 mm.
3DF - 240x115x175 mm.

Properties and specifications

The main parameters of clinker facing bricks:

Density - 2000 kg / m3.
Thermal conductivity - 1.17 W / m ° C.
Moisture absorption - 3-5%.
Frost resistance - 200 cycles.
Water vapor permeability - 0.07 mg / (m · h · Pa).
Acid resistance - 95%.
Fire resistance - not less than 1800 °.
Service life - 130-150 years (some manufacturers claim a service life of up to 200 years).

The technology of firing clinker bricks allows you to create a structure that is practically devoid of pores... The moisture absorption of such a material is extremely low, which ensures high frost resistance. The only important condition is the absence of open planes (beds) of hollow bricks, into which water can penetrate and break the material when freezing.

Exposure to open fire and high temperatures does not change the properties of facing bricks, since the firing temperature of the material reaches 1600 °. The sound insulation properties of clinker bricks are rather low, since the density of the material promotes good propagation of sound waves.

Preparing the wall for cladding

Wetting building materials or insulation will quickly disable them and start the process of destruction, which is unacceptable and must be excluded at the stage of preparation.

Production preparation stages:

Cleaning the surface of all foreign objects or materials. Removal of old paint, build-up, shedding.
All flaws in the walls, already existing or formed during cleaning, must be repaired with putty. Cracks should be well widened to determine their structure - inside they can expand and form significant cavities.
If the problem areas are large and there are too many of them, the best option is to completely plaster the wall.
The leveled surface is impregnated with two layers of deep penetration primer - primer. This operation will help to strengthen the contact of the special glue for insulation with the wall., will fix the upper layers of the wall material, protect them from destruction.
The installation of the insulation is carried out according to the usual technology - in dense rows without gaps or gaps, on special glue with additional fastening with fungi - dowels with wide caps. As a heater, mineral wool slabs, polystyrene or polystyrene foam, etc. are used.

NOTE!

The type of insulation determines the presence of a ventilation gap between the cladding and the insulation. Vapor-permeable types of material (for example, mineral wool) need a gap, impermeable (foam, foam, etc.) do not need a gap.

On top of the insulation (vapor-permeable), an airtight layer of a waterproofing membrane must be laid.

Cladding technology

The cladding can be laid with or without a ventilation gap. The need for ventilation of the seating area arises when using a vapor-permeable insulation. When installing non-permeable types of material, a gap is not needed, and steam is removed from the inside using enhanced ventilation. In this case, the cladding is laid close to the insulation, which requires special attention to its position relative to the plane and vertical.
Laying starts at the bottom on the foundation ledge... If its width is small, it should be increased using a metal corner attached to the foundation with anchors.
The first row of bricks is laid in compliance with ventilation gaps between every 3-4 bricks. They represent gaps in the size of the usual distance between adjacent bricks. but not filled with solution. The uppermost row of bricks is formed in a similar way. The gaps will allow the ventilation gap to be ventilated and water vapor removed from it.
Laying is carried out with an offset of 1/2 brick... For stability, the cladding is connected to the wall with anchors every 3-4 rows. They are installed slightly below the inter-row spacing and are slightly bent up so that the flowing water falls on the waterproofing, and not on the lining. The anchors are tucked into the inter-row seams at least 2/3 of the length.
The laying technology is no different from the generally accepted one. Expansion joints required to compensate for thermal expansions are made every 12 meters(on the north side of the house - every 15, a dark brick on the lighted side of the house requires 9 m). Expansion joints are made along the line of brick joints and are subsequently filled with a sealant or other elastic material that does not allow water to pass through.

Useful video

In this video, you will learn about the pros and cons of clinker bricks:

Conclusion

In contact with

The clinker is deservedly considered ideal for facade decoration, it retains its beauty and reliability for many years of service, insulates the premises from outside noise and prevents heat loss. But when choosing this option, you should be prepared for significant final investments, both because of the high cost, and because of the relatively complex installation technology.

Description and characteristics of clinker

Clinker bricks are obtained by molding and high-temperature processing of mixtures of thoroughly crushed refractory clay, minerals and silicates with a slight addition of pure water. The main requirement of the manufacturing technology is slow firing of products in tunnel-type furnaces with heating up to 1300 ° C. Subject to these conditions, the raw material is sintered with the highest possible homogeneity, forming a high-strength element without cracks and fine pores.

Properties and characteristics of facade clinker

Performance indicators:

The amount of water absorption does not exceed 6%, for most advanced manufacturers - 5.
Withstands at least 100 freezing cycles.
The minimum allowable strength grade is M250.
It is not afraid of fire and can withstand direct contact with flames. For this reason, it is recommended to buy it not only for facades, but also for the front masonry of fireplaces.
The minimum density is 1500 kg / m 3, the average for most products is 2000-2100.
Thermal conductivity does not exceed 1.15 W / m · ° C.
Average voidness is 30%. Slit clinker brick 1NF in size weighs no more than 2.3 kg.
Durability reaches 100 years or more.
Absolutely resistant to ultraviolet radiation and biological threats.

Pros and cons of using
The features and disadvantages taken into account include fragility; in order to avoid unnecessary expenses, the conditions of delivery, unloading and stacking are negotiated separately. This finish is considered elite, the minimum cost is 1400 rubles / m2 (excluding installation services). When buying foreign-made products, they increase at least twofold.

Brick manufacturers overview

1. LSR. Wall materials.

Russian manufacturer, producing up to 25 million conventional items per year. Of the 4 factories in the group, the Nikolsky KZ, located next to the largest Cambrian clay deposit in the Russian Federation, is engaged in the manufacture of facades. The availability of raw materials and an established production line allow us to reduce the cost of production, the retail price does not exceed 30-40 rubles per piece. In terms of quality, they are not inferior to foreign counterparts, they are subjected to high-temperature firing up to 1200 ° C.

The range is presented in 10 basic colors, 3 formats including 0.7 NF, 1 NF and 1.4 NF, and 3 surface types: smooth, rusticated and imitating reed. Notches are made on all front faces, high geometric accuracy makes their installation quicker and easier. In addition to facade cladding, this group specializes in the production of paving clinker, porous and solid ceramics. The quality of medicinal products has been tested by time, the line was successfully launched in 2013, at the moment its technological capacity is constantly growing.

2. Group of companies Magma.

Dubensky KZ, which is a part of this production association, specializes in the manufacture of premium ceramic and clinker products, products are also lime under the brand name "Magma Keramik & Klinker". The offered assortment includes facing bricks of 1NF and 1.4NF format with unique low water absorption within 5%, acid resistance from 95% and more. The colors are limited to 5 positions (White, Pearl, Red, Chocolate, Flash firing, texture - 2 (smooth surface and Antique). Hollowness does not exceed 33%, the scope of application, in addition to cladding external walls, includes the design of window sills, stairs, fireplaces, chimneys, balconies and similar structures subject to frequent moisture saturation and temperature extremes.

3. Feldhaus Klinker, Germany.

The collection is represented by more than 50 variations of color and texture solutions, including hand-molded facing bricks. The distinctive features include ultra-low water absorption (2-4%, no more), a high strength grade (up to M1000) and frost resistance up to 1000 cycles. Aesthetics and performance characteristics remain unchanged over a long service life (from 50 years and more). In comparison with Russian clinker, they have a non-standard format: DR, RF, NF, WDF and 2SDF. This is due to the use of different standards during production, the products of this company are regulated by European standards, and not GOST 530-2012. But the main difference lies in the variety of products, they are multi-colored.

4. Daas Baksteen, Holland.

This brand was introduced to the market back in 1890, and currently the assortment includes over 100 items. Distinctive features include the uniqueness of the color and shape of each element with a fully automated production line that controls dimensions and performance with utmost precision. The brick for the facade of this company is considered super dense, after laying such a cladding is not afraid of vandals and any external influences, for the entire period of operation its surface remained clean of moss and was not covered with cracks. Prices depend on decorativeness and vary from 50 to 135 rubles apiece.

The world leader in the production of ceramics is known to the Russian consumer for the Terca line, in particular for the Nordic Klinker Line. The assortment is represented by 4 main brands (Tallinn, Stockholm, Helsinki, Oslo) with smooth and rough surfaces in burgundy, red, light and dark brown colors. Their declared strength grade reaches M400, frost resistance - 100 cycles, water absorption does not exceed 6%. Unlike other foreign analogues, the dimensions and weight correspond to Russian standards: with a mass of 2.26 kg, the exact dimensions are 250 × 85 × 65 mm.

They are made by the method of plastic formation, which allows to show all the advantages of classic refractory ceramics and to obtain an original velvety surface. Smooth and natural lines are inherent, there is no chamfer. Prices are average, with an estimated cost of 60 rubles apiece, you can buy them in any building supermarket.

A European concern specializing in the manufacture of paving stones, facing and molding bricks and clinker tiles for the facade, which includes 17 factories in the group (7 in Holland, 5 in Poland, 5 in Germany). The quality has been tested by time, the advantages include high color fastness, resistance to abrasion and mechanical damage, temperature extremes and moisture. The choice of colors and textures is large, the format meets Russian standards.

Installation nuances

The work may coincide with the construction of the walls, but most experts recommend cladding after the construction of all load-bearing structures and insulation (if necessary). The standard scheme includes the following steps:

Checking the condition of the foundation. Such a brick is placed on a stable and wide enough tape; in the absence of a base or protruding part of the base, the corresponding strip is securely fixed on the walls. Horizontal deviations in this case are unacceptable.
Checking the verticality and condition of the walls. The presence of depressions does not play a special role, but any protrusions and interfering elements are carefully removed.
Laying the first row: first without mortar, with an approach from the corners and taking into account the selected joint thickness and grouting method. On doorways the bricks are interrupted, if necessary they are cut to the required size.
Mix the cement-based compound in a clean plastic container (not in a concrete mixer). In the absence of experience, preference is given to ready-made specialized mixtures.
Applying the first leveling layer, laying the corners and the bottom row of bricks, checking the level, setting the order and the cord.
Erection of all other rows with the obligatory control of the level and thickness of the seams.
Grouting.

Among general requirements highlight the need for even distribution solution and quick removal excess from the front surface. The main secrets of a beautiful facade include:

Facing each individual plane with bricks from the same batch, but from different pallets, to speed up the work, the elements are advised to be mixed.
The use of homogeneous, thoroughly ground formulations with the desired consistency.
Compliance with a uniform and sufficiently large thickness of the seams, in the absence of experience, they are performed using a special template.
Work with products in dry form, they are not wetted before installation.
Scraping out the mortar 20 cm deep and filling the joints with special grouting mixtures to match the main cladding.

Clinker brick cost

Imported lines include Roben, Feldhaus Klinker, Murh, A.D.W, Hagemeister (Germany), CRH and Daas Baksteen (Holland), Wienerberge (European concern). Currently, there are 2 combined groups - LRS and Magma - that have established production in Russia, most of the factories specialize in the production of brick-like tiles (the same plus Ecolinker, Zeus-Keramika and many others).

Brand, type	Manufacturer	Type of texture	Brand, frost resistance	Dimensions, mm	Price per piece, rubles
Clinker facade white Naples with a voidness of 20%	LRS. Wall materials, Russia	Smooth, reed, birch bark	M300 / F100	250 × 85 × 65	37
Same, Munich, brown	LRS. Wall materials, Russia	Smooth, reed, birch bark		250 × 85 × 65	35
Chocolate	Magma Ceramic LLC, Russia	Smooth, Antique		250 × 120 × 65	37,50
Pearl
White Topaz
Hand-molded clinker bricks Sintra	Feldhaus Klinker, Germany	Rough	M1000 / F1000	240 × 71 × 115	90
Birchridge gray slotted	Daas Baksteen, Holland	Corrugated	M400 / F100	210 × 100 × 50	87
Terca Narva, Nordic Klinker Line, hollow	Wienerberge, Estonia	With sand	M400 / F100	250 × 85 × 65	60
Perforated for facade cladding Cegła Sotis	CRH, Poland	smooth	M350 / F100	250 × 120 × 65	95

Finding a worthy competitor to facing brick, or, as it is also called front brick, is quite difficult. House in exterior decoration which this material is used, always attracts attention and looks presentable. Facing brick differs from ordinary building bricks in texture and surface (face), as well as in composition (limestone, cement, dyes). This strong and durable material is obtained by gypsum pressing technology. When building a house I use different sizes facing bricks, however, they are all consistent with generally accepted standards.

Weight and dimensions of facing bricks

Facing brick differs in its technical characteristics, weight, cost, outward appearance, dimensions. There are optimal standards stipulated by GOST, which relate to the dimensions of this material. Therefore, lots are usually accompanied by certification documents. According to GOST, a brick should have dimensions with dimensions of 250/120/65 mm, where the first indicator is the length, the second is the width, and the third is the thickness. A single standard for brick production was established back in the 27th year of the last century and has remained unchanged since then. This standard applies to both facial and construction. The product can be manufactured using different technologies, but its size will always be standard:

Double brick measures 250/138 mm;

Standard single 250/120/65 mm;

Thickened 250/120/88 mm.

However, at the request of the customer, it is possible to manufacture facing bricks of a different shape, but even these non-standard shapes are stipulated in the GOST. Most often, a brick is ordered with a size of 0.7 NF, which has parameters of 250/85/65 mm. It is used in the restoration of the facades of old buildings to reduce the load on the foundation. The standard product weighs from 3.2 to 5 kg, so that the builder can lift it with one hand for ease of installation. The standard facing brick size helps to calculate the correct required amount material per cubic meter or square. Construction experts say that it is the standard proportions of the product that make it possible to obtain the required strength of the facade. This makes it possible to evenly distribute the loads and provide crack resistance. In addition, the set size allows you to lay out a cube.

Table of sizes and designations of bricks according to GOST 530-2012

Brick types

In addition to finishing the house, facing brick is used in the construction of pillars and columns of fences, fences in gardens and parks, the design of gazebos, arches and small architectural forms. Any material has unified forms, but it must necessarily have two sides with a decorative surface - a spoon and a poke. This is the "face" of the material.

There are several types of this building material:

Ceramic - can be hollow or solid. The latter option, respectively, has more weight, which should be taken into account when calculating the load on the foundation.

Clinker - has a dense structure that provides moisture resistance and frost resistance.

Hyper-pressed - it is made of clay and sand, in the section it has an expressive chip, similar to a natural stone.

Silicate - used less often due to low decorative qualities. However, it has a low price.

Ceramic cladding brick

Ceramic bricks are made from special brick clay, which is first formed and then fired. This face material is considered one of the environmentally friendly and safe materials in construction, not spewing any impurities. Ceramics does not absorb moisture and is breathable.

Ceramic option

Pros of ceramic bricks:

Fire safety;

Good soundproofing qualities;

Ability to withstand temperature fluctuations;

A wide range of sizes, shapes and prices;

Ease of installation.

In addition, the facing brick has standard form and uniform color. There are no splits or cracks on the surface of the material.

Cons of building with ceramic material:

Quite high cost;

If the manufacturing technology is violated, it can become fragile.

Standard material sizes are: 25/12 / 6.5. The weight of the product ranges from 2.7 to 6 kg, depending on the size (single, double).

Clinker facing bricks are made from special clay, from which a product is formed and fired in an oven at a temperature of 1200 ֯ C. The product is very durable due to the strong adhesion of clay particles. Color difference may appear due to pigmentation. In order to avoid strong differences in the shades of the material during manufacture, manufacturers use a standard formula. This facing material can be dense or with internal cavities.

Clinker

Pros of clinker bricks:

Minimally absorbs moisture;

Resistant to temperature extremes;

No sunburn effect;

It is a good heat insulator;

A wide selection of textures and shades;

Long service life;

Optimum mechanical strength;

Good decorative possibilities.

Paths and terraces are made of such material.

Of the minuses of clinker bricks, it can be noted:

Its heavy weight, which creates additional stress on the foundation.

Great value.

It is worth knowing that adhesion with various solutions is difficult for a brick, because it does not absorb water well.

The installation of this brick is a laborious process that requires the participation of specialists. Clinker bricks should not be installed in hot weather, when the original wall is very hot. The moisture will have time to dry out even before it has time to penetrate into the structure of the product. The standard dimensions of the base brick are 240/115/71 mm. Weight can range from 1.6 to 6 kg, depending on the size.

Hyper-pressed facing brick is produced by semi-dry hyper-pressing from a material of natural origin (limestone, shell rock). Sometimes mechanical cleavage technology is used. The result is a material with an unusual relief - in the manufacturing process in source material dyes are added, which make it possible to obtain a material of a wide color spectrum. Such material is often used for facing the facades of not only one-story, but also multi-story buildings.

Hyperpressed

Advantages of hyper-pressed bricks:

The high degree of adhesion of the constituent material provides it with the maximum indicators of moisture and frost resistance:

Perfect geometry;

Standard, accurate dimensions.

However, this material has many drawbacks and manufacturers rarely mention them, which is unfair. Indeed, when selecting the optimal material for facing the facade of a house, the applicant expects to receive comprehensive information about all the technological characteristics of the material.

Cons of hyper-pressed bricks:

Changes color over time, fading in the sun (refuted by manufacturers);

Thermal expansion of hyper-pressed bricks leads to cracks;

The high mass of the product requires the construction of a powerful foundation that is able to withstand the expected loads;

Zero vapor permeability, which requires taking care of air gap in masonry (doubtful among manufacturers).

The dimensions of the standard material are 250/120/65 mm, and the weight is 4.5 kg.

The composition of the silicate facing material- limestone, sand, which are held together by water. If the proportion is violated, this can lead to the emergence of low-quality products, therefore manufacturers carefully control the process at all stages. To give the material strength and density, it is pressed.

Silicate

Advantages of silicate bricks:

Safety for health and the environment;

Biological resistance;

The increased density guarantees high soundproofing qualities;

Ease of installation;

Low cost, which is possible due to low production costs;

Can be combined with any type of solution.

Facing silicate brick has a high geometric accuracy. It is manufactured in accordance with accepted standards, due to which it has clear corners and an even surface. This material is frost-resistant and can freeze and thaw several dozen times without loss of quality.

Cons of silicate material:

High water permeability (7-8%);

High level of thermal conductivity, which requires additional insulation of the facade;

Large weight (more than ceramic by 30%) requires the construction of a reliable foundation.

The size depends on the type of brick. The standard size is 250/120/65 mm. Weight ranges from 2.5 to 6 kg.

Features and benefits of facing bricks

Using it for the facade is a common practice. Thanks to the wide assortment, you can choose the best material option for your taste, having decided on the thickness, height and length of the product. Such facades are distinguished by their beautiful aesthetic appearance and durability. Mostly popular types of facing bricks retain heat well and do not allow sounds to pass through. However, it should always be borne in mind that it is quite heavy, which creates a load on the foundation and has a relatively high cost. To work with this material, special adhesives should be used. But still, brick is considered the best option for facing the facade and basement, when compared with synthetic materials or natural stone.

Photo gallery of bricks

House clad with silicate material

Facade cladding with sand-lime bricks was popular in the 90s, when there were practically no attractive materials on the market.

Facade with ceramic product

Facade decoration with hyper-pressed material