How to make an attic frame. How to build a mansard roof with your own hands using a unique construction technology

If you have a country house, then you have probably thought more than once about turning an attic space into a cozy attic. This is a great alternative to building a second floor. Do-it-yourself attic will significantly expand living space, increase the number of rooms, change the appearance of the house. It can be used as an office, a nursery, equip a winter garden, a place for gatherings with friends ... How to build an attic and make these dreams come true - read this article.

Attic or attic floor - a room built under the roof of a house. This concept was introduced by the French architect François Mansart, who in the 17th century came up with the purpose of the attic. And today attics are actively used to expand living space, improve the comfort of the house.

DIY attic construction: stages

In order for the attic floor to become functional, it must be built or refurbished. Attic construction - difficult technological process, which requires accurate calculations, not everyone can do it. The construction of an attic consists of the following stages:

dismantling the old roofing system;
strengthening of wall structures;
insulation and waterproofing of the room;
building of end walls;

What you need to know before making an attic with your own hands

There are general rules. It is preferable to plan an attic device at the design stage of a house. This will make it possible to correctly calculate its supporting structures and properly organize the construction site. If a house with an attic is built according to a ready-made drawing, it provides for the use of additional fortifications.

Scheme of the roof of the attic floor, construction of a house from a bar

But a mansard-type superstructure can also be built on the finished house. When can the attic floor be completed?

If it is planned to build this room in a finished house, several important factors must be taken into account. The construction of an attic requires not only compliance with a certain technology for performing work, but also an assessment of the condition of the house before construction. It is necessary to carry out a calculation that will show whether the house will withstand the extension of the floor. The foundation and walls of the building are checked.

If this old house, then the walls of the structure are dilapidated, they will not support the weight attic floor... The old foundation during the construction of the attic structure can crack and "float".

Do-it-yourself construction of an attic floor is also not recommended on buildings made of bricks and foam blocks. The reason is that these are very fragile materials from which load-bearing walls cannot be laid.

Attic floor add-on, photo

Important: At the design stage, it is necessary to provide for the remoteness of all communications from the attic floor. Also at this stage, they are determined with the structure of the roof, its elements, appearance, so that it is harmoniously combined with the house.

The construction project should include insulation and finishing of the attic floor. The extension must be high-quality insulated so that it retains heat and the structure itself can breathe.

How to make an attic with your own hands efficiently

The device of the attic floor requires the use of the following materials:

wall panels for covering the ends of the building;
beams for the construction of a mansard roof;
wooden beams;
roofing material for the roof;
insulation for walls and pitched roofs;
insulating materials;

Consider: Materials for construction should be light, so as not to make the overlap between floors heavier.

Design

The construction of a wooden attic begins with the development of a project. At the design stage, a calculation is made, the choice of a roof structure.

Roof structure

The constructed room can be triangular, broken, asymmetric, occupy space above the whole house, or just above a part of it. It depends on the type of roof.

The most simple construction- shed. It is a plane fixed to the load-bearing walls. different heights, and tilted to one side.

We build an attic with our own hands - a lean-to design

The most common is a gable roof, which consists of two inclined planes that are not tilted in opposite directions.

Cozy country house with a gable roof

Occurs and broken structure attic. It is used in not big houses and consists of two or more parts that form a polyline.

The sloping roof is used to increase the attic space, or for decorative purposes

Found in the construction of country houses and hipped roof.

The roof, which has four slopes, makes the attic structure comfortable for living

To give the house original form build complex conical, domed and pyramidal roofs.

Attic with a domed structure

Advice: When choosing a roof structure during construction, it is imperative to take into account its load on the foundation. It is also important to observe the uniform style of finishing the roof of the attic floor and the house, so that it meets the design and operational requirements.

The mansard roof can be of any shape. It is mounted on a special frame, built taking into account the desired parameters of the future room.

As a rule, the roof is laid on a frame with a slope angle of 30-60˚ and combines the roof itself, the ceiling and the walls.

The best option is considered to be a gable sloping roof, which provides more living space. For its construction, inclined rafter systems are used, which are fastened to the walls of the building. They must be strong enough to withstand vertical and horizontal loads.

On a note: It may be necessary to build additional interior walls, which will be used as load-bearing structures to support the roof.

We build an attic - general construction constructions

Rafter system- roof frame. In the future, the crate is attached to it and the topcoat is mounted. The building frame is processed special means to protect against fire, moisture.

If the installation of the attic was not initially included in the project of the house, you should take care of the installation of stairs, windows, as well as heat and sound insulation of the room.

To preserve heat in the house, tiles, slate, plastic coverings should be used as roofing material.

Important: Work on the construction of the attic floor requires high professionalism and in-depth knowledge of construction technology. Erecting a mansard roof with your own hands, without experience in performing this kind of work, can have undesirable consequences.

Glazing

The phased construction of the roof also provides for the installation of windows on the attic floor. They are vertical and pitched. Their angle of inclination must match the slope of the roof. The windows are located at a height of 70 cm, 1 m from the floor.

The installation of pitched windows allows more light to enter the room on the upper floor, in addition, at night they offer a beautiful view of the starry sky

The choice of windows for the constructed attic completely depends on the preferences of the owner of the house, but one should not forget that they must be of high quality.

Attic floor window device

When the room is built and windows are installed, the attic floor is connected to the rest of the living space using a staircase and finishing work is carried out.

How to properly and efficiently organize the construction of an attic with your own hands - video:

Attic construction - options

In a short time, a frame attic can be erected with your own hands.

It can be built simultaneously with the construction of a house made of wood or timber.

Wooden frame attic with your own hands, photo

it perfect option for quick and inexpensive expansion of living space by completing the attic floor.

The attic from a log looks beautiful and colorful

Also, an additional floor can be built on the finished base of a brick house.

Wooden structure on the base of a house made of bricks and aerated concrete

In large houses with a strong base, the frame of the structure can be made of metal.

Attic floor metal frame

An example of how to equip from an old attic cozy attic do it yourself - video:

Outcome

The attic floor in many houses has long ceased to be empty - they began to use it as an additional functional room. Completing the attic in the house, or at the dacha with your own hands will give you the opportunity to get a full-fledged second floor, which you can use at your own discretion.

The attic does not have to be used as a storage space for unnecessary items. Very often, the area of this room allows you to equip it with a full-fledged living area or a place for family leisure, or a hobby. The idea of such construction has been successfully applied since the middle of the 17th century thanks to the French architect François Mansard and is especially relevant for increasing the area of a private house, and sometimes even city apartments.

How to make an attic habitable, what activities should be carried out for this, and how to build an attic where it has never been? Look for answers to these questions in our article.

We build an attic

The device of the attic will help to significantly reduce construction costs in general, rationally use the available floor space and implement the most daring ideas. The attic floor can occupy both the entire attic and its part, depending on the purpose of the future premises: bedroom, study, office or bathroom.

Cozy attic with your own hands

Do-it-yourself attic construction also provides the following advantages:

The infrastructure of the main building is fully used.
Living space is increasing significantly.
Reduction of heat loss through the roof and, as a result, a decrease in energy consumption in the cold season.
Relatively simple installation (without the use of special equipment) and the ability to stay in the house during construction.
Possibility of building a one- or two-level storey.

How to make an attic a unique architectural element

Important: When building an attic floor with your own hands, you need to take into account the structural features of the building, including: the height of the walls, the shape of the roof, the location of communications - and comply with fire safety requirements.

Features of the construction of the attic floor

A roof is a fencing structure, which, in addition to precipitation and temperature changes outside, is subject to influences from the inside: heat and moisture from the living quarters, which can cause dampness and corrosion. Therefore, during the construction of the attic floor, very strict requirements are put forward for hydro, steam and thermal insulation of the roof, the observance of which will ensure reliable protection premises from negative factors.

How to properly insulate the attic floor during construction

Also, when building an attic floor, it is important to take care of high-quality ventilation, which is installed between the insulation and the roof. This will remove excess moisture and ventilate the attic.

Particular attention should be paid to the construction technology and the materials used in this case (especially their weight) - this will ensure the safe operation of the attic floor in the future. In addition, do not forget that using the attic floor as a living space does not eliminate compliance technical requirements on the operation of the roof.

Where to start construction?

Before the start of construction, a technical examination of the building is carried out. It is worth remembering that initially the walls and foundation of the building were designed for a certain load, and the construction of an additional floor will significantly increase it, so you should make sure of their bearing capacity.

Construction frame attic

Design

The next stage of construction will be the development and approval of the attic floor project - for this it is better to contact qualified specialists who will help draw up a competent drawing, calculate the load and estimate.

Important: If the construction of the attic with your own hands is carried out within the city limits, then for this it is necessary to obtain permission from the city authorities, an expert opinion and the consent of all owners of the building.

The attic floor plan is developed based on the layouts of the main building, with the geometry of the roof playing a dominant role. The architectural appearance of the house will have an impact not only on the design of the truss system, but also on the materials used in construction and individual elements of the attic. All structures and parts should be as lightweight as possible, which will provide a minimum load on the walls of the building and ensure easy lifting of materials to the floor.

If the roof of the house has a large slope, then to the choice roofing materials, insulation and waterproofing during the construction of the attic floor should be approached especially carefully.

In addition, all communications of the attic floor must be interconnected with the systems in the house, and their joint operation should be ensured.

The shape of the room, as well as its dimensions, determine the choice of windows, their design and placement in the interior.

Attic construction

Regardless of whether the attic is being built with your own hands, the photo below, in an existing attic or being built from scratch, it is necessary to ensure the unity of architectural and design solutions.

You can build on a wooden attic on a brick house

It is better to make the attic structure of wood (from a bar) or a metal profile, in addition, you can complete the floor from SIP panels, as in the photo below. Stone materials, including brick and concrete, are not recommended for use in construction due to their heavy weight. As a last resort, you can use aerated concrete blocks.

We build an attic with our own hands using SIP panels

Strong, but lightweight materials are also suitable for the roof, such as: profiled sheets, bituminous or composite shingles, metal shingles.

Since the attic has large area the surface of contact with the environment and through the roof significant heat loss occurs, then it is necessary to take care of high-quality and effective thermal insulation of this floor. For insulation, it is best to use mineral wool or fiberglass with a thickness of 150 mm or more. WITH inside of the attic floor, the insulation must be closed with a vapor barrier, and from the side of the roof - with waterproofing. In addition, a ventilation system must be installed between the waterproofing and the roof, which will ensure the removal of excess moisture.

Since the attic is a living space, it needs natural light, which windows will help to provide. It can be either ordinary vertical window structures that are mounted in the walls, or special inclined windows installed in the roof plane at an angle of 15-90 degrees.

Roof windows- expensive but effective

Important: Skylights let in more light than standard windows with a smaller opening area. To ensure the most efficient and even lighting possible, the ratio of window area to floor area should be 1:10.

The final stage of the attic floor arrangement will be finishing work. The simplest option for cladding the walls of the attic floor is drywall; internal partitions can also be constructed from it. GKL sheets are attached to the frame made of a metal profile, after which they are putty and you can apply a topcoat: paint, wallpaper, etc. In addition to drywall, walls can be sheathed with clapboard, wood paneling- the choice of material depends on the purpose and design of the future attic. For the floor, the same materials that are used throughout the building are suitable: parquet, laminate, batten, ceramic tiles, etc.

At the end of construction, you can start decorating: think over the interior, install a staircase, arrange furniture, etc.

More about building an attic with your own hands (video):

Attic floor superstructure

The superstructure of the attic floor allows you to simply and effectively increase the living space without the use of expensive equipment and sophisticated technologies, and such construction can be carried out both in a private house and in a typical urban building. Completion costs are about half that of new construction. The structure can be wooden - made of logs and beams; stone - from foam blocks, from bricks and concrete; made of metal, as well as their various combinations.

Monolithic attic can be of any shape

It is necessary to determine which part of the building structure will carry the load from the extension. If the strength of the walls and foundation is not enough, it will be necessary to install racks outside the building on separate foundation that will support the attic floor. New attic frame on independent foundation it is also necessary in an old house if the supporting structures have significant wear and tear. It will be useful to change the attic floor, since it is most likely not designed for a heavy load.

The device of the attic involves the construction of a load-bearing structure, which depends on the roof truss system. For the construction of this structure, it is better to use light materials: a thin-walled profile and wood. They will help speed up construction, as fastening is carried out using bolts and rivets. The optimal slope angle of the rafters should be 45-60 degrees.

Important: When manufacturing a rafter system, one should be guided by the conditions of the area where the construction is being carried out. Load bearing capacity the roof must be rated for the pressure of wind, snow and roofing material.

The roofs themselves, pictured below, can be:

Single slope.
Gable.
Broken.
Hip.

1 - simple gable roof; 2 - gable roof with an attic wall; 3 - hip; 4 - four-slope

The last two types are best suited for the attic, but the final choice is determined by the intensity of the load acting on the covering.

During construction, it should be borne in mind that the width of the room should not be less than 4.5 m, and the area of the entire attic floor should not be less than 7 m2, while the ratio of height and area is ideally 1: 2.

The simplest construction option is to build a frame attic with your own hands. For the installation of the attic, it is necessary to remove the old roof, examine the state of the supporting structures for damage and develop a floor plan. After that, the foundation and frame of the attic are mounted. Then the installation and insulation of the roof is carried out.

More on how to build an attic with your own hands - video:

The mansard roof is one of the best ways increase the total area of your home, with minimal financial costs. By erecting a similar structure, you get additional enough spacious room which can be a good nursery or yours personal account... You can also simply invite guests there, in general, there are a lot of options for your choice. When equipping it, you need to be prepared that everything is important to do correctly and step by step. The mansard roof itself is a converted attic, its creation requires a structural approach to general redevelopment, roofing and thermal insulation. Mansard roof construction country house, almost does not differ from the construction of a conventional roof. Below we will carefully study how to build correctly with our own hands mansard roof.

First of all, you need to consider the advantages and disadvantages of such a roof, in order to finally decide whether to start building it.

Advantages and disadvantages of a mansard roof

The advantages of mansard roofs include:

additional room. As we have already discussed above, the main advantage of the attic is an additional spacious room, which you can equip as you like according to your taste;
moderate financial costs. The second factor of such a floor is the relatively low construction costs. Indeed, the construction of an attic will cost you much less than adding additional rooms to the house due to the general expansion of the house area;
view from the window. Beautiful view from the attic window will not leave anyone indifferent, since the view of the surrounding world from a height is always beautiful.

The disadvantages of the attic floor can only be attributed to the need for additional heating. The video shows the construction process:

Types of mansard roofs

If you decide to start building a roof attic, then first of all you need to start with designing how your work will look in the end result, and also how exactly to implement your plan. The main decisions regarding the type of roofs must be made taking into account the design features of the house.

The main types of roofs are:

In the video you can see how the mansard roof is being erected:

Below we will consider the device of this roof, which you can build with your own hands.

Attic device

Mansard roofs are very similar to simple ones. pitched roofs... Each type of such roofs has its own design features, but in general they all have common elements, consider them:

Roof. The surface of the roof, which is located outside, serves to protect from rain, snow and other bad weather;
Lathing. Basically, these are wooden boards, the roof is attached to them;
Ridge run. The outer part of the entire roof structure;
Rafters. These are layered or hanging stiffeners of the entire structure. For the attic, it is the layered rafters that are used;
Internal supports. Vertical beams are used to ensure the strength and stability of the roof;
Insulating layer. An insulating cake of several layers is placed between the walls of the premises and the roof, which allows observing the temperature regime in the entire attic room. Insulation includes noise insulation, vapor barrier, and a thick layer of thermal insulation. Of course, the safety of the roof itself directly depends on the correct insulation of the roof.

Video to help with work:

Attic construction. Technology

Quite often, when designing a roof, architects overlook significant inaccuracies in ventilation and insulation. These errors are fraught with the fact that mold, fungus appears on the roof and, in general, it begins to flow in just two years. This is because the attic construction technology is disrupted. Due to the fact that it is strongly pressed against the wall inside the room, it is very difficult to achieve good heat transfer. The entire attic structure must include good ventilation, thermal insulation, as well as a rafter structure, which will be made of wood treated with fire retardants.

The thickness of the insulation should be at least 20 cm, since the climate in our area in winter is quite cold, and in summer period hot enough. The main disadvantages of the attic design are that a lot of heat is lost in winter, and very hot in the attic in summer. Correct thermal insulation can fully solve this problem, it will keep heat inside in winter period and will also keep out a lot of heat in extreme summer heat.

It is also necessary to properly equip the roof ventilation. In the summer, with enough high temperature, the roof tends to get very hot, this process significantly increases the temperature inside the attic. Correctly laid ventilation guarantees comfortable living in the room, and also protects the roof from damage in winter. Soundproofing is necessary in order to reduce the noise level inside the attic, when it is hail, rain or strong gusts of wind outside.

Important! It is preferable to carry out the installation of any type of insulation in tandem with a person with experience in this matter.

Step-by-step construction of the attic

Well, it's time to consider how you can build this roof step by step with your own hands. To build an attic will require some experience in such work. It is much more difficult to build an attic than a regular roof, since the angles of the slopes must be observed. To learn how to build such a floor with your own hands, you need to carefully study the work plan:

Of course, you should start with the development of the floor itself. A specialist can help you with this, or, if your computer knowledge is at a sufficient level, you can do everything yourself in a special program. Further, it is imperative for you to correctly calculate the slopes of the roof corners, loads, etc. To do everything correctly, you need to carefully study such a book as Loads and Impacts.

Advice! To understand everything correctly, the book "Loads and Impacts on Buildings and Structures" will help you, ed. Perelmuter A. In 2007 or ed. Gordeeva V.N. et al., 2008 or 2009, which can be downloaded http://dwg.ru/dnl/4183

How to make the rafters correctly will help the video:

How to build a rafter frame

At this stage, you will have to work hard for quality execution tasks, you need a minimum of 3-4 workers. We begin the construction of the roof by laying and fixing the Mauerlats throughout the entire area of the house. In this case, a bar with a section of 100x100 mm is used.

After this, the frame of the room should be installed, its racks will be used as props for the entire truss structure... The cross-sections of the timber must correspond to the cross-sections of the longitudinal beams, because the racks will rest on them. To begin with, on both sides of the building you need to install vertical posts... They need to be fixed to the longitudinal beams, using self-tapping screws and metal corners.

Advice! The screwdriver will greatly facilitate the process of working on fasteners.

So, we got two arches, a cord should be stretched between them, if its direction is strictly horizontal, then this will mean that everything is done correctly, if not, then one of the arches will have to be shortened a little. Next, with the required step for the rafters, we put the following arches strictly along the cord. With the help of jumpers we fix the arches, and to fix the jumpers themselves we use special stamped corners.

This is followed by the installation of the upper rafters, and this is a rather difficult job. They must be installed at certain angles and centering, and this is the whole difficulty. Make a template with two planks, they should perfectly match the connected rafters that we plan to make. When using this template, you should cut the rafters that are on the ground, and then put them in the right place. The installation of rafters takes place in the same way as when building an interior room.

The installation of the truss structure ends with the need to nail the crate. The material from which it can be made is plywood, chipboard or simple boards.

How to equip a room under a roof, you can watch the video about it:

How to insulate a mansard roof with your own hands

After the work on the installation of the battens and rafters is completed, we can proceed with the insulating layer. The vapor barrier is installed on the inside of the roof, for this we attach it with brackets to the rafters. This is followed by the installation of thermal insulation. Care must be taken to ensure that the layer of thermal insulation is tightly laid on the surface of the rafters. There should be no gaps, otherwise this will lead to very negative consequences in the future. The lathing is attached to the thermal insulation in 50 cm increments.

Waterproofing is laid outside the rafters, its direct function: protection against moisture ingress inside. A roof is placed on the surface of the waterproofing.

Attention! When conducting construction works safety precautions must be strictly observed.

How to build an attic with your own hands can be seen in the video:

I think you have noticed that the construction of the attic is a rather serious event. The durability of your creation depends on how responsibly you approach the matter.

There are many examples of what a mansard roof might look like. Among its varieties, everyone can choose something of their own. If you need sufficient daylight, you can install big window... Attic shapes can be rounded or with strictly right angles and lines. Whatever choice you make, the approach to this matter must be serious and well thought out.

Reading time ≈ 3 minutes

If you look into history, then the attic first began to be used in France. Poor people lived in it, but today everything has changed, and it has become fashionable and prestigious to have an additional room for living or comfortable rest. In this article, we will look at step by step instructions, in which we will tell you how to build an attic with your own hands. In addition, you can see photos and videos of the attic structure with your own hands.

Before starting any work, it is worthwhile to understand that the additional living space will be located in the place of the attic, which means that the roof structure will need to be completely changed.

Materials for the construction of the attic

So, for the construction of an attic with your own hands, you will need the following materials:

Reiki.
Wooden bars.
Boards.
Metal corners.
Fasteners.
Metal staples.
Mineral wool.
Waterproofing.
Window constructions.
Mineral wool.
Ladder.

In addition to all these materials, you must prepare a set construction tools such as a screwdriver, drill, hacksaw, stapler, chisel, level.

DIY step-by-step instructions for building an attic

1. Project of the future attic

The main element in this work is the roof, which is distinguished by its unconventional structure. Very often, window openings are installed in the roof. Their differences are that they are located at an angle. A do-it-yourself attic roof often includes profile changes, making it broken.

2. Roof shape

Imagine in advance what shape the future roof should be and the angles of inclination of the planes.

The roof of the attic can be:

Broken gable.
Standard gable.
Single slope (rare).

Start drawing. It should be done in different projections. Be sure to indicate the dimensions and indicate the relative position of all elements.

3. Construction of the frame of the future attic

Experts believe that this stage of construction is considered the most time consuming. You cannot do this work on your own; it requires the involvement of a partner. A Mauerlat must be laid around the perimeter of the upper part of the house. Next, attach the two end posts with slings to the Mauerlat (horizontal bars connected to each other) using metal corners. After that, install the longitudinal jumper along the top of the uprights.

4. Arched structure

Stretch the cord. Place the inner frame elements between the resulting ones. Consider the fact that they must be sized to match the side arches. There must be the same step between all the Stoics. The elements arched structure it is worth fastening with metal brackets and corners. When placing sloped roof elements, observe the calculated slope angle and centering. After that, with outside the resulting roof with a hammer and nails, nail the crate from slats or boards. Do not forget to leave openings in it for future windows.

5. Hydro and thermal insulation

Hydro and thermal insulation is an important milestone in the construction of the attic with your own hands. The best option to protect the attic from moisture is a membrane-type film.

It fits on top of the lathing. For insulation, mineral wool is an excellent material. Wool is attached to the inside of the rafter system. It is important that the installation is carried out without gaps.

Creating an attic - a popular type of room - with your own hands today is not difficult. Let's take a look at all the stages of construction, as well as the pros and cons of this design.

Peculiarities

Home is a place where we would like to surround ourselves with comfort, have the opportunity to relax with our family and work. Sometimes it becomes impossible due to lack square meters... How to make your home spacious and comfortable? Construction technologies have stepped far forward - resources have appeared that allow you to expand the occupied areas with your own hands through extensions. But if there is not enough land, then the attic will be the most successful option!

Currently it is a fashionable design for private houses. Back in the 17th century, the attic was conceived as a way to expand housing for the poor. And thanks to the French architect Mansard, converting roofs into residential apartments has become very popular among the wealthy. From here, by the way, came the name - attic.

Many people ask themselves the question: "Attic or additional floor?" It is worth clarifying right away that these are two different things. Before choosing one or another option, weigh all the pluses and minuses, pros and cons, take into account the purpose of your home (dacha or permanent place accommodation), your marital status as well as the budget. It will be much more economical to build an attic than a full-fledged second floor.

In this article, we will tell you how to significantly transform the usable area when minimal investment... And you can cope with the implementation of all the necessary activities on your own.

Installation and arrangement of an attic, the facade of which is fully or partially formed by the surface of a sloping roof, is a vast scope for imagination and creativity. So much space shouldn't be wasted! A great studio, study or storage space for unnecessary things will come out here. But isn't it too wasteful to turn precious square meters into a warehouse?

Usually attic spaces are provided for children who like to be placed on high levels, and besides, low beams for adults often cause some inconvenience. This is the last floor, and the higher, the better the view, no doubt. The presence of pipes, the neighborhood with the roof, a remote balcony, a sloping ceiling - all this will become a stylish tool for creating an architectural design.

An objective assessment of the specifics and knowledge of the constructive qualities of this type of superstructure give a chance that everything will turn out as well as possible, the load-bearing walls and foundation of the house will not be damaged, and the dwelling will serve long time... Believe me, the attic is very useful thing!

The most good decision Is a frame attic. Before you start developing your superstructure plan, you must make sure that the lower floor can handle the additional load. After all, every person who comes across a building knows that the main building is located on supporting structure, which is calculated based on the total mass of the structure. Therefore, at the beginning of construction, it is necessary to make the necessary calculations, as well as check the foundation, whether there are any cracks or any destruction on it. If necessary, the base will need to be strengthened. At this stage, it is best to contact the professionals.

Based on how the roof is arranged, appearance attic can be different. As a rule, the attic occupies the entire upper floor, although sometimes there are options located on one side of the longitudinal axis of the building. It is not common to see attics extending beyond the lower structures.

Most often, the roof is gable or broken. A more complex type of gable configuration is popular: the roof, as it were, consists of two planes. But we will discuss each of them in more detail a little later. Windows, large or small, located on the ceiling let in many times more light than ordinary windows in the rooms on the lower floors.

When choosing a roof covering, observe harmony so as not to disturb the combination of the shape of the attic floor and the roof.

You can also immediately insulate the room with SIP panels. As a result, you will get a lightweight structure, which consists of more than 50% of lightweight polystyrene foam, therefore, does not create a load on walls and floors.

There are several design considerations that cannot be ignored.

take seriously the thermal insulation, which should be strengthened, because it is the roof that often "suffers" from frequent and sometimes strong temperature changes;
it is important to make waterproofing conscientiously so that over time the insulation does not get wet;
proper ventilation must be provided between the insulating layer and the roof.

The parameters of the rafter structure must be determined by the further construction of thermal insulation, which is placed between the timber rafters and has a thickness of at least 20 cm.The rafters must be at least 25 by 25 cm.

The main indicators of wood that are important for the construction of the system are resistance in bending and compression, the required density and moisture content.

Wooden rafters, in turn, require treatment with antiseptics or fire-retardant structures and must have fire resistance limits.

Designers advise leaving the attic space intact. Nevertheless, if it becomes necessary to separate rooms, then it is better to erect partitions using drywall.

Consider also the disadvantages of this type of adjustment:

due to the sloping roof, in contrast to the usual floor, the size of the attic area will be smaller;
the height must be optimal, otherwise there will be problems with closing / opening the doors;
psychological factor: sometimes it seems to people that they do not have enough air, every time they want to bend down, a person may feel discomfort;
regardless of the type of roof covering and even correct installation soundproofing sounds from the rain will penetrate the room;
it is important to think over the heating system correctly;
the stairs to the attic may be too steep and therefore unsafe.

Design options and materials

Using the advice of experts, carefully develop the future project of the attic space. After that, prepare the design of the attic, since this is not just a certain number of square meters, but the individuality of the facade is the pride of the building. The appearance and interior depends on the methods of covering and materials for the roof.

There are several types of roofing.

Mono-pitched

The simplest option, which is a sloping area, fixed on load-bearing walls. Advantages: simplicity of calculations and installation work, due to its low weight, is suitable for buildings on simplified foundations. Disadvantages: not the most attractive appearance, sensitivity to stress (snow).

Gable

One of the most common options. Such a structure consists of two opposite slopes, lying on the supporting walls of the building and connected by a ridge at the top. Material investments in gable roof small enough, while it looks aesthetically attractive. The device of a gable roof includes: rafters, lathing, inclined planes, mauerlat, horizontal ribs, ridge, valleys, overhangs.

Broken line

The sloped roof structure is a subspecies of a gable roof, but with a more complex configuration. Because of the shape and the presence of broken lines, this name came about. Such a roof gives the house solidity and solidity.

Four-slope or hip

One of the strongest and most resistant to strong wind and leaks during precipitation of roofing systems, where instead of gables, two triangular slopes are installed. Complex installation- minus of this design: it requires accuracy in calculating the rafter system and installing the frame. For this reason, design is usually trusted by professionals.

Multi-pliers

Among all the structures, the most complex, but at the same time the most interesting is the multi-gable. It is characterized by the presence of several gables (3 or more). A big plus is the ability to cover several rooms with one level. But in general, this type of attic works mainly on architectural style and design.

At the same time, the attic part is divided into two types. She may be:

single-level- enough practical option in execution, which does not require complex development and serious calculations;
two-level- this is a complex building in construction, the project of which is created immediately together with the house.

Current building technologies allow you to do in the attic different types balconies. To select the desired structure, you should consider the design features of the lower floor. And it doesn't matter if the balcony was previously included in the plan, it can be done at the end of all stages of construction.

Most good option location - from the end. In this case, the balcony will resemble a loggia. It is being erected together with the attic, which allows part of the roof to be used as a canopy, and the floor overlap as a floor.

Another type of construction is an option when the balcony is located in the roof part. At the stage of roof overlap, part of the building is left uncovered so that a balcony can be equipped there.

Drawings and calculation

The main parameter when planning an attic floor is the level of the ceiling, optimal height which should be at least 2.5 m. Make a drawing before direct construction, evaluate everything and indicate accurate calculations so that everything can be built accurately. The most ideal option is a sloping gable roof, but then as many bearing supports should be installed as possible for sufficient reliability, since this type of roof increases the pressure on the walls.

Do not forget to include the ventilation system in the calculations, as well as windows and pipes. stove heating, if any.

The height of the superstructure itself has no limit, but the lower ends must be at least 90 cm.

The plan should contain all information about the features of the shape, geometric dimensions and slope angles of the slopes.

After the exact calculation of the roof rafter system has been completed, all necessary materials and prepare the roof. Only after that you can start building.

Stages of making an attic with your own hands

It is very important to choose the design and style of the interior at the initial stage, as well as to decide on the materials for finishing. You should listen to the opinion of professional designers who advise using only high-quality raw materials. We will tell you step by step about all the stages of construction.

Roof

So, the first stage is the development of a project for a new future roof in the old room. It does not matter whether it is single-slope, gable or broken, without a doubt, the appearance of the result will directly depend on the structural properties of the roof, as well as the raw materials used. Make the diagram in different perspectives to better understand how to place the elements of the rafter system. It is most important to accurately calculate the height of the ridge of the roof, because the size of the area under it depends on it.

We take the height of the ridge approximately 3.5 m - with an independent construction of the frame, which allows you to straighten up to its full height.

It is important to remember that in order to build a frame with your own hands, you must know about the existence of two types of rafter systems: inclined and hanging. They differ in the method of fastening the nodes to the walls.

In houses where there is no load-bearing wall, the mechanism of hanging rafters will be used, which will only hold on the walls of the house and will be connected with nails or screws using corner plates. In this case, the width of a single-span building, where this type of rafters is supposed to be, cannot exceed 6 m.If the parameters of the house are greater, for example, when the width of the span exceeds 9 m, then you have to do large quantity struts.

In two-span houses, where there is only a middle retaining wall, layered rafters are made. In this case, three points of the base (two on the outer walls of the house and one on the inner) depend on the width of the building: more than 10 m - one support, and with a width of about 15 m, two supports are needed. The rafters are attached to each other using corner plates. The lathing itself is made from slats or boards.

Steam and thermal insulation are key steps in creating an attic. A membrane-type film is laid on top of the lathing, which will protect against moisture penetration, and glass wool is laid on the inside for insulation.

The next stage is the installation of the roof, internal processing and the design of walls and partitions, as well as the installation of windows.

As we have already said above, the most successful will be the use of metal tiles or corrugated board as a material for the roof.

Floors

First, take care of sound and thermal insulation from the floor below. This task can be accomplished in several ways: backfilling expanded clay or laying slabs of mineral wool. Both methods involve protection from moisture with hydraulic films. Also pay attention to the wooden interfloor overlap... Here, the insulation is carried out with the bandaging of the seams of the insulation and the beams.

Choose a floor covering according to your taste. This can be ceramics, parquet or laminate.

Window

Windows for the attic are quite laborious, albeit worth it process, so consider if you can do it alone. In fact, they do not particularly differ from the front ones, but there is one serious difference - a special type of opening. In addition, during installation, you will have to disassemble the metal tile, while trying to maintain the waterproofing. But this is not scary, because it is thanks to the windows that the room becomes much brighter and more spacious!

It is very important to know that with irregular clearing of snow and ice, the window can be exposed to temperature changes, so it is important to select models in accordance with the climate in which you live.

Heating selection

For comfortable living and using the premises, you also need to take care of heating the attic. It should not only maintain and retain heat inside, but also be safe and economical.

All the details need to be taken into account at the initial design stages. We bring to your attention several methods of heating the attic floor.

Fireplace. An effective, comfortable and completely safe way.
If your home already has a ground floor heating system, then you only need to install additional pipes and batteries.

Installation of an independent heating system only for the attic - the most correct solution. It is possible to install absolutely any heating boilers, while observing the necessary safety measures. But more comfortable - turbocharged gas boilers that do not require a separate room. They are wall-mounted and very easy to use.
"Warm floor". To create a comfortable indoor climate, you can install heated floors. This can be done both with your own hands and with the help of specialists. In any case, this is a fairly economical option.

An important point- competent arrangement of ventilation. Only in this way will attic heating work well.

Warming and ventilation

Since the attic has the largest contact area with the street, compared to the lower floors, its insulation should be taken very carefully. Today the market offers a variety of insulation materials. However, when solving this problem regarding full-fledged thermal insulation and vapor barrier for the house, do not forget about the main conditions, and then this will reduce not only heat loss and heating costs of the house, but also protect the ceiling and walls from dampness, rot and phlegm, the formation of ice on the roof ... The choice of materials for " roofing cake»Must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP.

When choosing a finish in a store, focus primarily on the characteristics of your home. For example, where it is hot in summer and frosty in winter, the insulation must be resistant to external circumstances. Therefore, one of the main conditions will be thickness. The colder, the denser it should be, and, conversely, if you live in the south, where the temperature practically does not drop below zero in winter, you can choose a thinner material.

The most versatile and the most budgetary one is based on mineral wool; expanded polystyrene is less commonly used. Sometimes you can use thermal insulation layer, consisting of modern filling agents or materials in the form of a liquid sprayed on the walls and solidified into a solid form. In all these cases, the roof will be no less stable.

With the correct assembly of the "roofing pie", the construction of which consists of metal or corrugated board, lathing, waterproofing membrane, rafter system, properly equipped ventilation of the under-roof space, it is imperative to extend the days of your roof's life. Never play the lottery "will blow - will not blow", and "shake your head" the advice of experts.

To create a beautiful and cozy living space, it can be used as finishing material inside a tree, different kinds composite panels, HPL panels (or in Russian LVD - laminate high pressure). No less popular is the attic, decorated with your own hands using drywall sheets (GKL).

Roof covering should be made of lightweight materials: corrugated board, metal tiles and similar materials that can lighten the weight of the mechanism, taking into account the load that will be transferred to an existing building.

First, before remodeling the attic, you need to make drawings and make an estimate. This way you will see in advance what difficulties you will have to face.

It is not easy to develop a mansard roof plan alone: certain knowledge and skills in design and specific calculations are important here. You cannot make mistakes: then the structure of the building will be unreliable, and besides, it can damage the general building. Although if the idea is not too complicated, then you can do it yourself.

Everything must be included in the estimate: from the beginning of construction to the decoration of the premises.

Partitions

One of the simplest tasks that you can definitely handle with your own hands is the device interior partitions. Usually, drywall and metal profiles are used for these purposes. Everything is done quickly enough and at minimal cost.

The design is simple: the frame, and the gypsum board... At the end, the sheathing of the partition is made. To do this, you can use lining, block house, imitation of timber or even plywood with wallpaper - a matter of taste.

Finishing work

After insulating the attic, you should think about finishing. Of course, it all depends on how you will use this room. The peculiar geometry gives excellent prospects for creative solutions registration. Immediately, we note that the finishing process is a complex of tasks, each of which has its own function. Let's take a closer look at the materials for decoration.

The most popular material is plastic lining ... Advantages: uniqueness, budget, environmental friendliness. The installation of the board can be different: diagonally or in a circle, horizontal or vertical. Of the minuses, it is worth noting the fragility and, perhaps, weak resistance to negative factors.

Not the most expensive material - plywood sheet... Covering walls is easy enough for them. It also has excellent sound and thermal insulation properties, no preliminary leveling of the surface is required before installation.
Finishing the attic with plasterboard will allow you to embody the most original design solutions: with its help you can create dropped ceilings, arches and even columns. Moreover, this material easily absorbs moisture, which is its negative side... But if you choose a special type that is resistant to moisture, then such a finish will serve you for a very long time.

So, let's summarize and summarize the above.

To design a beautiful and quality attic would need:

careful design of the future extension;
strengthening load-bearing walls and foundation;
removal of the roof;
erection of the frame (it will be quite easy for you to assemble it with your own hands);
roof insulation, waterproofing;
installation of windows;
interior decoration and insulation.

With excessive savings, as practice shows, the house can end up being of poor quality and unattractive. Therefore, choose materials wisely, take into account the recommendations of experts, consult with relatives and friends, as well as with those who already have a similar experience.