For a long time it was considered the Egyptian pyramids ege. Scientists have uncovered the secret of the oldest Egyptian pyramid

1) in this way

2) therefore

3) because

4) moreover

4 . What combination of words is the grammatical basis in one of the sentences or in one of the parts of a complex sentence?

1) labor was (sentence 2)

2) was considered (sentence 1)

3) the pyramids were built (sentence 1)

5 . Indicate the correct description of the word CONTRARY (sentence 1).

1) adverb

2) gerund

3) preposition

4) union

1) lend

2) embitter

3) put

4) lied

7 . In which answer is the underlined word used incorrectly?

1) Soon the new tenant PAYED all the bills.

2) We managed to PROTECT a friend from unfair accusations.

3) Marya Nikolaevna was waiting for a bleak SINGLE old age.

4) A FESTIVE concert dedicated to veterans of the Great Patriotic War will be held in the Museum of the History of our city.

8. Give an example with an error in the formation of the word form.

1) four hundred and fifty

2) their dreams

3) lie down

4) no boots

9. Choose the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.

Saying goodbye to school

1) gratitude was boundless.

2) Many kind words were said to the teachers.

3) the last bell rang.

4) Say kind words to your teachers.

10.

1) I would like to congratulate everyone who won the Olympiad in Canada.

2) The athletes met and became friends with the people of Vancouver.

3) Fans who came from many countries of the world joyfully greeted the Olympic champions.

4) The thirst for glory is a good incentive in the fight for Olympic medals.

11.

1) The fantasy of the composer, who has long been fond of the colorfulness of knightly legends, gave rise to the multicolored musical pictures.

2) Mass scenes are especially attractive in his ballets, without which the national color would not have been conveyed.

3) V. Stasov, who knew Glazunov well, called him "Russian Samson" - the great hero.

4) Glazunov, who always looked closely at young composers, was the first to see talent in D. Shostakovich.

12 . In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in place of which HH is written?

The stars were scattered (1) across the invisible (2) about the black sky like precious (3) stones from the golden (4) casket.

1) 2, 3, 4

2) 2, 3

3) 1, 2, 3

4) 1, 2, 4

13. In which row is the unstressed checked vowel of the root missing in all words?

1) connected .. nyalis, baked .. baked, g.. red

2) worn out .. strength, cont.. leader, safety .. horny

3) light .. fires, to .. moose, n .. strongman

4) designation..cheniya, k..solapy, otp..raet

1) glued, vys..tsya

2) set up .. sew, purchased ..

3) hated..l, hung..was

4) screwed..t, glued..t

16. In which answer option are all the words correctly indicated where the letter E is omitted?

A. wind .. wat

B. heat up

B. legible..vy

G. commanded..wat

1) A, B

2) A, B, C

3) V, D

4) G

17 . In which sentence is NOT written separately with the word?

1) (Not) far away was the famous manor estate.

2) The intervention of the headman was extremely (in)appropriate.

3) The guests experienced (in)comparable pleasure when they visited Belsky.

4) The note was written in (illegible) handwriting.

18 . In which sentence are both underlined words written separately?

1) There was (FROM) WHAT to be sad about: (ON) THIS house our grown children no longer ran.

2) The Cossacks rushed (B) AFTER the retreating and overtook them (ON) IN THE Amidst the field.

3) (B) AFTER our detachment moved (B) ALONG the coast of the Yenisei.

4) (FOR) WHAT did you reassure him, (WHY) WHY did you not consult me?

They played a lot in the Glazunovs' house () and young Sasha firmly remembered all the plays that were performed.

1) A simple sentence with homogeneous members, before the union AND, a comma is not needed.

2) A complex sentence, before the union AND, a comma is not needed.

3) A complex sentence, before the union And a comma is needed.

4) A simple sentence with homogeneous members, before the union And a comma is needed.

20 .

Born in the family of a famous book publisher (1), the future composer Glazunov was brought up from childhood in an atmosphere of enthusiastic music making (2) striking his relatives (3) with his extraordinary ability to instantly remember music (4) once heard.

1) 1, 2, 3, 4

2) 2, 4

3) 1, 2, 4

4) 1, 3, 4

21. In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in the place of which commas should be in the sentences?

Glazunov (1) literally (2) transformed while conducting the orchestra. He (3) they say (4) merged with the music, led it and followed it.

1) 1, 2, 3, 4

2) 3, 4

3) 1, 3, 4

4) 1, 2

22. Specify the sentence in which you need to put one comma. (No punctuation marks).

1) Alexander Konstantinovich's concern for the students and teachers of the conservatory was enormous.

2) Glazunov was adored and idolized by students and connoisseurs of his music.

3) The composer worked at the conservatory not only during the day but also at night.

4) Not before dawn in the deserted halls of the Philharmonic, music began to sound.

23. Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence?

Comparing Glazunov with Glinka (1), Lunacharsky said (2) that they are "springs of unusually happy music (3) plunging into which (4) you come out transformed."

1) 1, 2, 3

2) 1, 2, 4

3) 2, 3

4) 2, 3, 4

24. Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence?

In 1926, Glazunov's free concert took place (1) and he aroused such interest (2) that (3) although all 2000 seats were filled (4), there were still many who wanted to (5) who could not get tickets.

1) 1, 2, 4, 5

2) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

3) 2, 4, 5

4) 2, 3, 4, 5

Read the text and complete tasks 25 - 36.

(1) One of the hallmarks of our cultural catastrophe has been profanity. (2) It nests not only in groups of hanging out teenagers and has long ceased to be the "linguistic prerogative" of a drunken loader in a greengrocer's shop. (3) Swearing freely and proudly flows in the corridors and smoking rooms of prestigious universities, from the stage and screen, from the pages of our press. (4) The rule “not to speak in front of the ladies” has become a deep anachronism: cursing is now not selective by gender, and some “ladies”, especially at a tender age, are able to outdo another homeless person.

(5) The rampant foul language in general, apparently, is a companion of times of crisis. (6) The historian and thinker of the 17th century, clerk Ivan Timofeev, among the vices and sins that led to the Troubles that almost destroyed Russia, also mentioned "the fetid pronunciation of the tongue and lips of obscene bad words."

(7) In our days, foul language exists in various manifestations, as if it appears in several guises.

(8) First of all, this is the usual foul language, characteristic of people with a low level of culture. (9) In this case, swear words and expressions for the person who uses them are used automatically - both as units of naming the corresponding objects and actions, and as interjections expressing various feelings, and as ballast fillers of the speech flow (just like some other people say every minute: here, so to speak, it means). (10) The habitual swearing is an absolute and complete manifestation of lack of culture. (11) Although it is related to the level of education, it is not directly related: for example, I knew peasants who had two classes of a parochial school behind them, but for whom a swear word was as unnatural as laziness or bad work; at the same time, I know cursing students, engineers and doctors. (12) The main environment for the formation of habitual foul language is the family, the main reason is the cultural vacuum that reigns in it. (13) That's why profanity is so enduring: a child who hears his parents daily "caress" each other with a harsh word will almost certainly grow up to be "swearing" and pass this habit on to his children.

(14) So-called affective foul language is widespread. (15) It is associated with the expression of some feeling and is usually an emotional reaction of a person to a situation, the words or behavior of other people, even to their own actions.

(16) Another manifestation of foul language is deliberate outrageousness, a challenge to society, attempts to destroy the generally accepted rules of decency. (17) The range of this kind of swearing is very wide - from inscriptions on fences and in toilets to mannered and cynical speeches by some representatives of the intelligentsia and, so to speak, works of art - books, films, performances. (18) Yes, in the texts of great Russian literature there are many lines and lines where the corresponding words, even in academic publications, were shamefully replaced by punctuation. (19) But is there anything in common between them and swearing for the sake of fashion, to create an aura of obscene scandalousness, or simply because they don’t know how to speak otherwise?

(20) Mat - this, alas, is an objective harsh reality. (21) Realizing this clearly, should we take an indifferent attitude? (22) Hardly. (23) After all, foul language not only offends other people, but also has a destructive effect on the person himself: obscenity, as it were, becomes part of his mentality. (24) A person begins to look at the world through a grid, the nodes of which are connected from swear words, and this world is depressingly primitive, since all the diversity of life is reduced in it to the simplest items.

(25) There are no and cannot be any universal recipes for curing foul language. (26) It is clear to me: this is possible only with a significant increase in the cultural level of both society and the individual. (27) No need to indulge yourself with illusions: no one will teach a drunken lumpen to speak another language. (28) But a lot can be done in a micro-collective: in the classroom, in the student audience, and especially in the family. (29) Let's be intolerant of foul language - we will impose a complete and non-negotiable ban on it.

(According to S. Vinogradov)

25 . Which statement does not match the content of the text?

1) Foul language at the present time has become practically the language norm for all social strata of the population.

2) Foul language is directly related to the low level of education.

3) The main environment for the formation of habitual foul language is the family.

4) An intolerant attitude towards foul language, a significant increase in the cultural level of both society and the individual can heal society from this linguistic phenomenon.

26. Which of the following statements is true?

1) In sentences 16 - 17 a descriptive fragment is presented.

2) Sentences 21 - 24 present the narrative.

3) Sentences 2 - 4 contain confirmation of the judgment expressed in sentence 1.

4) Sentence 20 contains a conclusion from what is said in the text.

27. Write out synonyms from sentences 21 - 23.

Answers to tasks 28 - 30 write down in words.

28. From sentences 5 - 7 write out the word formed by the prefix-suffix method.

29. From sentences 14 - 15 write out short participles.

30. Indicate the type of subordination in the phrase THEM USES THEM in sentence 9.

31. Among sentences 24 - 29, find complex ones, which include one-part impersonal ones. Write the numbers of these proposals.

32. Among offers 5 - 10, find an offer with a plug-in design. Write the number of this offer.

33. Among sentences 18 - 24, find complex sentences with a clause of reason. Write the numbers of these proposals.

34. Among sentences 7 - 13, find one that connects with the previous one with the help of a union, a personal pronoun and a particle. Write the number of this offer.

Read a fragment of a review based on the text that you analyzed while completing tasks 25 - 34.

This fragment examines the language features of the text. Some terms used in the review are missing. Fill in the gaps (A, B, C, D) with the numbers corresponding to the number of the term from the list. Write in the table under each letter the corresponding number.

Write the sequence of numbers in the answer sheet No. 1 to the right of task 35, starting from the first cell, without spaces, commas and other additional characters.

Write each number in accordance with the samples given in the form.

35. "Cultural catastrophe" - this is how the author characterizes the rampant foul language that has become the norm for most people, and such a syntactic device as __________ (sentence 3) clearly demonstrates this fact. And this is far from a harmless phenomenon: __________ (sentence 6) gives an idea of how our ancestors treated obscene words.

Such a technique as ____________ (sentences 21 - 22) allows the author to express his opinion on this problem, and the trope ________ (sentence 24) draws the psychology of a swearing person.

List of terms:

1) extended metaphor

2) lexical repetition

3) quoting

4) question-answer form of presentation

5) inversion

6) rows of homogeneous members

7) parceling

8) rhetorical question

PART 2

36. Write an essay based on the text you read.

USE TEST - 2015 IN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE Grade 11OPTION 2

PART 1

Read the text and complete tasks 1-5.

(1) Every effort must be made to make the thesis as simple and concise as possible, because a complex thesis outlines several thoughts, and therefore several points of disagreement. (2) Composite theses introduce extreme confusion, inconsistency and uncertainty into the dispute. (3) (...), having met with them, it is necessary to immediately divide them into component elementary judgments and consider each point of disagreement separately.

1. Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the main information contained in the text?

1) A simple and short thesis contains one thought, it is better than a compound one.

2) Differences in the dispute may arise due to the complexity of the thesis, outlining several thoughts.

3) Compound theses can introduce confusion and uncertainty into the argument, as they outline several thoughts that will lead to disagreement.

4) In a dispute, the proof of a thesis formulated in the form of a simple sentence is built and perceived more clearly, therefore, compound theses must be divided into elementary judgments.

2. Which of the following words or combinations of words should be in place of the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text?

1) therefore

2) contrary to this

3) first

3. Read the dictionary entry, which gives the meaning of the word POINT. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in sentence 1. Write the number corresponding to this value in the dictionary entry.

ITEM, - a; m.

1) A certain place on the earth's surface. Road crossing point. Strategic point. Locality. (city, town, etc.).

2) An institution or department of an institution with a narrowly defined range of functions. Medical Center. Negotiation point. Reception point.

3) A section of an official document or some text, denoted by a number or a letter. Contract clause. List the main points of the report. Point of accusation.

4) Question, topic, subject (attention, reasoning). Do not agree on any point of disagreement. Break down on three points.

5) A separate moment in the development of something. Climax point. A turning point in history. Starting point of inference. Turning point of the war.

4. What combination of words is the grammatical basis in one of the sentences or in one of the parts of a complex sentence?

1) the thesis was (sentence 1)

2) we must try (sentence 1)

3) outlines a few thoughts (sentence 1)

4) dismember (sentence 3)

5 . Indicate the correct description of the word THEM (sentence 3).

1) possessive pronoun

2) personal pronoun

3) reflexive pronoun

4) demonstrative pronoun

6. In which word is the letter denoting a stressed vowel incorrectly highlighted?

2) click

3) prettier

7. In which answer option is the highlighted word used incorrectly?

1) An idle life does not lead to good.

2) The self-satisfied, FULL face of the interlocutor caused irritation.

3) The skin of a sheep, but the soul of a HUMAN.

4) He hardly DISTINCTED the shades of beige.

8 . Give an example with an error in the formation of the word form.

1) go without delay

2) without winter boots

3) go without stockings

4) to six hundred copies

9 . Choose the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.

Following the rules of etiquette

1) my politeness knew no bounds.

2) the number of conflicts between people is reduced.

3) created an atmosphere of mutual comfort.

4) you can even express displeasure in such a way that no one will be offended.

10. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).

1) The train arrived in Moscow according to the schedule.

2) Preparing for the performance took a lot of time.

3) Those who couldn't watch the new movie were very sorry about it.

4) Everyone rejoiced at the beauty of nature.

11. In which sentence, the subordinate clause of a complex sentence cannot be replaced by a separate definition, expressed by participle turnover?

1) Kuindzhi considered himself Russian, called his ancestors the Greeks, who since antiquity inhabited the Black Sea coast.

2) The artist made an attempt to find that form of creative freedom that would contribute to the manifestation of his talent, would satisfy his creative inclinations.

3) In 1909, Kuindzhi organized the Society of Artists, which rallied his students.

4) According to the will of the great artist, the Society received his fixed capital, which amounted to about half a million rubles, land on the southern coast of Crimea and all the works left after his death.

12. In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in place of which HH is written?

Kramskoy's paintings were purchased (1) by P.M. Tretyakov and later put (2) s on public display by mail (3) to the very public, enthusiastic (4) about making this decision.

13. In which row is the unstressed checked vowel of the root missing in all words?

1) entertainment, saved, ec..logy

2) safe..useful, r..waiting, prot..raet

3) collect..raet, owl..stylish, mind..ret

4) f..gura, pr..mogon, float..wok

14 . In which row in all words is the same letter missing?

1) ..finish, in..loosen, peace..rhenium

2) s..drawing, from..take, not..guessed

3) po..say, serh..graceful, post..infarction

4) pr..vilegia, pr..kind, pr..zidium

15 . In which row in both words is the letter I written at the place of the gap?

1) sleep..tsya, race..my

2) iron .. sew, felled ..

3) raska..tsya, bail..t

4) left .. former, decorated ..

16. In which answer option are all the words correctly indicated where the letter I is omitted?

A. doctor..wat

B. extend

V. in love .. out

G. mocking..vy

17. In which sentence is NOT written separately with the word?

1) It is (not) possible to look indifferently at the paintings of A.I. Kuindzhi.

2) He (did not) get much in his life.

3) By no means (not) just began the life of Kuindzhi, the future author of the painting "Moonlight Night on the Dnieper".

4) The (un)probable beauty of this masterpiece amazed Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich.

18. In which sentence are the underlined words written separately?

1) The artist dreamed that (WOULD) the picture convey the unique charm of the night, and (FOR) THAT he experimented with its lighting.

2) (FOR) THE REASON for the incredible impact of the picture on the audience, and SO (SAME) for its inexplicable magic, Kuindzhi was superstitiously accused of (IN) CONNECTION with evil spirits.

3) (B) UNLIKE Repin, Kuindzhi did not paint large epic canvases, FOR (TO) became famous as a master of landscape painting.

4) (BY) BECAUSE, how enthusiastically they spoke about the picture in the press (B) FOR a long time, one can judge the skill of this modest artist.

19. Indicate the correct explanation for the use of a comma or its absence in the sentence:

The very personality of A.I. Kuindzhi attracted young people () and served as a vivid example of selfless devotion to art.

1) A simple sentence with homogeneous members, before the union AND, a comma is not needed.

2) A complex sentence, before the union AND, a comma is not needed.

3) A complex sentence, before the union And a comma is needed.

4) A simple sentence with homogeneous members, before the union And a comma is needed.

20. In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in the place of which commas should be in the sentence?

Drawing your ideal world (1) A.I. Kuindzhi perceives life (2) as a blessing (3) giving a person beauty and joy of impressions (4) allowing him to create tirelessly.

21. In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in place of which commas should be in sentences?

In the painting "Moonlight Night on the Dnieper", the audience (1) literally (2) was delighted with the illusion of natural moonlight, and people (3) according to Repin (4) in "prayerful silence standing in front of Kuindzhi's canvas, left the hall with tears on eyes."

22. Indicate the sentence in which you need to put one comma. (No punctuation marks).

1) A real artist reproduces and interprets reality in his own way.

2) At the age of six, Arkhip was left an orphan, and early he knew need and hunger.

3) Loud fame and oblivion fell to the lot of Arkhip Kuindzhi, wide popularity and misunderstanding.

4) Both old and young join the beauty of the landscapes recreated by Kuindzhi.

23. In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in place of which commas should be in the sentence?

Kuinzhdi continued to write, occasionally showing his paintings to students, and teaching at the Academy of Arts (1) in the landscape class (2) from the walls (3) of which (4) many outstanding masters came out.

24. In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in the place of which commas should be in the sentence?

A.I. Kuindzhi ordered to drape the windows in the exhibition hall (1) knowing (2) that (3) when the picture is seen (4) in a beam of electric light focused on it (5), then the effect of moonlight will manifest itself in full.

Read the text and complete tasks 25 - 36.

(1) It was May forty-three. (2) On vacation, we were given one bowler hat for two for dinner. (3) The soup was boiled with macaroni, and in the muddy depths of the pot something was indistinctly white.

(4) An elderly fighter was paired with me. (5) We prepared to sip hot food, which we rarely received.

(6) My partner took a spoon out of a skinny duffel bag, and immediately I lost heart: a large wooden spoon was already eaten around the edges, and my spoon was ordinary, aluminum ...

(7) I was fussing, dragging my narrow-nosed spoon back and forth, when I suddenly noticed that my partner was in no hurry and did not abuse his spoon. (8) When scooping, he scooped the spoons to the full depth, but then, as if inadvertently, touched the bowler hat, half of the spoon splashed back out of the spoon, and there was as much muddy slurry in it as in my spoon, maybe even less .

(9) There was one pasta in the pot. (10) One for two. (11) Long, from pre-war dough, maybe from America itself, from the "second front". (12) We poured the muddy slurry into ourselves with spoons, and it did not satisfy, but only aroused hunger more strongly. (13) Oh, how I wanted to grab that pasta, not with a spoon, no, it would slip back from the spoon, plop into the bowler hat, I wanted to grab it with my hand - and into my mouth!

(14) If life before the war had not taught me to restrain my impulses and lusts, I might have done just that: grabbed, swallowed, and then what will you do with me? (15) Well, you will bring a spoon to your forehead, well, maybe you will kick and say: "Jackal!"

(16) I turned away and looked at the outskirts of the ancient town with my eyes covered with great tension, not seeing anything in front of me. (17) Only one tragic vision lived in my eyes - white macaroni ...

(18) There was a soft sound. (19) I shuddered and turned around, sure that pasta had long been gone in the world ... (20) But she was lying, boiled, and it seemed to me that she had become even more stout and attractive with her regal body.

(21) My partner for the first time looked at me intently - and in the depths of his tired eyes I noticed some kind of understanding and tired wisdom, which is ready for both forgiveness and indulgence. (22) He silently split the macaroni with his serrated spoon, but not into equal parts, and I trembled inside from impotence and anger: of course, the end of the pasta, which is authentic, he will rake in for himself.

(23) But a wooden spoon with a short push slipped exactly that part of the pasta, which was longer, to my edge.

(24) My partner, without any interest, almost casually threw pasta into his mouth, licked the spoon, put it in a duffel bag and went somewhere. (25) In his gray back, in his long unshaven, tar-blackening neck, in the round and gray marked cropped nape, I fancied an all-destroying contempt.

(26) And never, nowhere else have I met him, but I have not forgotten my casual partner in the bowler hat, I have not forgotten the lesson taught me, perhaps the most just, most moral of all the lessons life has taught me.

(According to V. Astafiev)

25. Which statement does not match the content of the text?

1) Soldiers rarely received hot food at the front.

2) An elderly fighter is distinguished by disinterested compliance, indulgence, the ability to sacrifice one's own interests.

3) Hunger turned the young soldier into a greedy and embittered creature.

4) The elderly soldier frankly despised the narrator for his cowardice and greed.

26. Which of the following statements is erroneous?

1) Proposition 6 presents an argument.

2) Sentences 9 - 11 contain a descriptive fragment.

3) Sentences 7 - 8 present a narrative with elements of description.

4) Sentences 13-14 contain the emotional-evaluative judgment of the narrator about what is expressed in sentence 12.

Answer

Write down the answers to tasks 31 - 35 in numbers.

31. Among sentences 1 - 7, find a simple one-part indefinitely personal sentence. Write the number of this offer.

32. Among sentences 16 - 19, find a sentence with a separate, agreed, non-spread definition. Write the number of this offer.

33. Among sentences 5 - 8, find a complex sentence with an attributive clause. Write the number of this offer.

34. Among sentences 16 - 20, find one that connects with the previous one with the help of a union and a personal pronoun. Write the number of this offer.

Read a fragment of a review based on the text that you analyzed while completing tasks 25 - 34.

Write the sequence of numbers in the answer sheet No. 1 to the right of task 35, starting from the first cell, without spaces, commas and other additional characters.

Write each number in accordance with the samples given in the form.

35. "The inner state of the narrator, a young fighter who was very hungry and was afraid that his partner would "abuse" his spoon, is conveyed by lexical means: _________ (sentence 6) and ___________ ("I wanted to grab" in sentence 13), and this a syntactic means, like _________ (sentences 14 - 15), only enhances the psychological depth of experiences.

The syntactic device ______________ (sentences 9 - 11) allows you to see the reason for the torment of the young soldier.

List of terms:

1) parceling

2) gradation

3) question-answer form of presentation

4) phraseological unit

5) a number of homogeneous members

6) colloquial and colloquial vocabulary

7) metaphor

8) syntactic parallelism

9) dialectism

PART 2

36. Write an essay based on the text you read.

Formulate and comment on one of the problems posed by the author of the text (avoid excessive quoting).

Formulate the position of the author (narrator). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the read text. Explain why. Argument your answer, relying primarily on the reader's experience, as well as on knowledge and life observations (the first two arguments are taken into account).

The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.

A work written without relying on the text read (not on this text) is not evaluated.

If the essay is a paraphrase or a complete rewrite of the source text without any comments, then such work is evaluated by zero points.

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

Answers to the USE tests - 2015 (Russian language grade 11)

option 1, option 2

answers - option 1

answers - option 2

foul language - mat

lost heart

apparently

impulses

common, associated

ready

control

indistinctly white

26, 27

19. 24

6,3, 4, 1

4, 6, 3, 1

essay on reading

essay on

read text

Considered at a meeting of the Ministry of Defense of teachers of the humanitarian cycle. 05.02. 2015

Head of the MO - Titarenko O.A., teacher of Russian language and literature

MBOU Millerovsky secondary school named after Zhora Kovalevsky

For a long time, scientists believed that the Egyptian pyramids were the tombs (tombs) of the pharaohs. However, their true (determined with the help of modern equipment) age and construction technologies prove that these structures, mysterious to us, were built long before the appearance of the Egyptians themselves, which means some highly developed civilization.
Even the modern civilization of people has not yet reached such a level as to build such pyramids from such multi-ton blocks of stone, not to mention the fact that we still do not really know the purpose of the pyramids. For example, some people, being inside them, begin to see their past lives, the future, and many other mysteries that do not fit into the concept of "pyramid-tomb" (see the documentary project "Pyramids. Funnel of Time" about this).

Only one thing is indisputable, that all the pyramids of Egypt, all of their six separate groups (Giza, Abu-Roash, Abu-Garab, Sakkara, Abusir, Dahshur), were built according to a single, well-thought-out plan. This is the so-called "Peace Strip", built along the Nile and consisting of twenty-two pyramids. Moreover, note that all groups are built in such a way that each of them is in direct line of sight with respect to the previous and subsequent ones.

Abu Garab has an ancient power plant

Another amazing mystery for us, as well as clear evidence that this building is the work of a highly developed civilization, is the “Crystal Altar” of Abu Garabe, that is, in one of the groups of Egyptian pyramids. This artifact has long haunted Egyptologists.

Judge for yourself: this is a unique platform made of the purest quartz. In the center of it is an ideally shaped stone circle. This entire altar, like the fantastic pools, is made of solid blocks of quartz. All this can be cut out with technologies that we do not yet have and it is not known when they will be.

It is also striking that we still cannot say exactly for what purpose this “Crystal Altar” was built. Recently, scientists reconstructed its original appearance, and were amazed that here was the largest obelisk in Egypt. Together with quartz objects, scientists say, it could serve as a power plant capable of collecting from the Earth's ionosphere and storing the ethereal energy of the "solar wind". That is, for us - the power plant of the future, since we are still building dangerous and not so efficient nuclear power plants.

This can be confirmed by ancient legends that such technologies were possessed, for example, by the Hyperboreans, Atlanteans, that is, representatives of the dynasty of "gods", as they say about it in myths. It is possible that they could be aliens from other galaxies or worlds. In any case, this entire complex of pyramids - the "Peace Strip" - was clearly not built by the Egyptians themselves and not for such mundane purposes as the burial of their leaders - the pharaohs. The ancient power plant in Abu Garab is another proof of this.

A1. In which word is the stressed vowel letter incorrectly highlighted?

1) lend
2) embitter
3) put
4) heels

A2. In which sentence should DISCUSS instead of DISCUSS?

1) It is necessary to DISCUSS the prom scenario with high school students.
2) The developers of the site DISCUSSED its new design.
3) I would like to DISCUSS a recently read science fiction novel with a friend.
4) It is impossible not to DISCUSS Pechorin for his selfishness.

A3. Give an example with an error in the formation of the word form.

1) four hundred and fifty
2) their dreams
3) lie down
4) no boots

A4. Choose the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.

Saying goodbye to school.

1) gratitude was boundless.
2) Many kind words were said to the teachers.
3) the last bell rang.
4) Say kind words to your teachers.

A5. Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm).

1) I would like to congratulate everyone who won the Olympiad in Canada.
2) The athletes met and became friends with the people of Vancouver.
3) Fans who came from many countries of the world joyfully greeted the Olympic champions.
4) The thirst for glory is a good incentive in the fight for Olympic medals.

Read the text and complete tasks A6-A11.

(1)... (2) According to various sources, among the books of his library were rare copies of manuscripts even for that period, which were known only by hearsay in the West: Greek glassins, Latin chronographs, ancient Egyptian manuscripts, labels and defteri from the Mongol khans, books of the East and other peoples. (3) In the underground vaults and caches there are chronicles of the ancient Slavic, Scythian and other peoples of our country until the 15th century, as well as the richest collections of books taken from Novgorod, Tver, Vladimir, Suzdal, Pskov, on which the best minds of that time worked. (4) The sovereign library contained books from the famous Alexandrian Library and a collection of ancient geographical maps, including those of the empire of Genghis Khan. (5) The books of this library in the vaults were seen by those close to Grozny, who left written evidence. (6) .... interest in the search for a library fades, then flares up with renewed vigor as new information accumulates.

A6. Which of the following sentences should come first in this text?

1) A group of enthusiasts of various specialties on a voluntary basis conducted extensive research to find traces of the mysterious library of Grozny.
2) The first in Russia to solemnly marry the kingdom in the Assumption Cathedral of the Kremlin, Grand Duke Ivan Vasilyevich in January 1547.
3) The mystery of the disappearance of the library of Ivan the Terrible, the first king of Muscovy, excites the minds of many people in our country and abroad.
4) The incentive for new searches was the manifestation of interest in their ancient history.

A7. Which of the following words (combinations of words) should be in place of the gap in the sixth sentence of the text?

1) Therefore
2) As if
3) Exactly
4) Because

A8. What word or combination of words is the grammatical basis in one of the sentences or in one of the parts of the complex sentence of the text?

1) were rare (sentence 2)
2) chronicles are found (sentence 3)
3) there were books (sentence 4)
4) interest fades, flashes (sentence 6)

A9. Indicate the correct description of the second (2) sentence of the text.

1) with a subordinating and coordinating connection between the parts
2) with a subordinating and non-union connection between the parts
3) complex
4) complex with a subordinating, coordinating and non-union connection between the parts

A10. Indicate the correct morphological characteristic of the word EVEN from the second sentence of the text.

1) union
2) preposition
3) adverb
4) particle

A11. Indicate the meaning of the word MIND in sentence 3.

1) community of people
2) public consciousness
3) outstanding thinkers
4) scientists

A12. In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in the place of which two letters HH are written?

The stars were scattered (1) across the invisible (2) about the black sky like precious (3) stones from the golden (4) casket.

1) 2, 3, 4
2) 2, 3
3) 1, 2, 3
4) 1, 2, 4

A13. In which row is the unstressed checked vowel of the root missing in all words?

1) connected, finished, hot
2) worn out, accompanied, precautionary
3) ignites, c_moose, n_silicik
4) designations, k_solapy, otp_raet

A14. In which row in all words is the same letter missing?

1) non-nuclear, forklift, tri-lingual
2) pr_bright, pr_strive, pr_giver
3) be_reasonable, _dravnitsa, _burn
4) s_sk, super_gra, super_impulsive

A15. In which row in both words is the letter I written at the place of the gap?

1) glued, sleep
2) set up, bought
3) hated, stuck
4) screw_t, glue_t

A16. In which answer option are all the words where the letter E is omitted?

A. wind up B. heat up C. legible D. command

1) A, B
2) A, B, C
3) V, D
4) G

A17. In which sentence is NOT written separately with the word?

1) (Not) far away was the famous manor estate.
2) The intervention of the headman was extremely (in)appropriate.
3) Guests experienced (incomparable) pleasure when visiting Velsky.
4) The note was written in (illegible) handwriting.

A18. In which sentence are both underlined words written separately?

1) There was (FROM) WHAT to be sad about: (ON) THIS house our grown children no longer ran.
2) The Cossacks rushed (B) AFTER the retreating and overtook them (ON) IN THE Amidst the field.
3) (B) AFTER our detachment moved (B) ALONG the coast of the Yenisei.
4) (FOR) WHAT did you reassure him, (WHY) WHY did you not consult me?

A19. Indicate the correct explanation for the use of a comma or its absence in the sentence:

They played a lot in the Glazunovs' house () and the young Saiga firmly remembered all the plays that were performed.

1) A simple sentence with homogeneous members, before the union AND, a comma is not needed.
2) A compound sentence, before the union And a comma is not needed.
3) A compound sentence, before the union And a comma is needed.
4) A simple sentence with homogeneous members, before the union And a comma is needed.

A20. Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence?

1) 1, 2, 3, 4
2) 2, 4
3) 1, 2, 4
4) 1, 3, 4

A21. Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence?

Glazunov (1) literally (2) transformed while conducting the orchestra. He (3) they say (4) merged with the music, led it and followed it.

1) 1, 2, 3, 4
2) 3, 4
3) 1, 3, 4
4) 1, 2

A22. Specify the sentence in which you need to put one comma. (No punctuation marks.)

1) Alexander Konstantinovich's concern for the students and teachers of the conservatory was enormous.
2) Glazunov was adored and idolized by students and connoisseurs of his music.
3) The composer worked at the conservatory not only during the day but also at night.
4) Not before dawn in the deserted halls of the Philharmonic, music began to sound.

A23. How to explain the statement of DASH in this sentence?

If you repay good with good - well done, if you repay evil with good - you are a wise man.

1) The second part of the non-union complex sentence is opposed to the first.
2) The first part of the non-union complex sentence indicates the condition for doing what is said in the second part.
3) The second part of the non-union complex sentence indicates the reason for what is said in the first part.
4) The second part of the non-union complex sentence explains, reveals the content of what is said in the first part.

A24. Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence?

Comparing Glazunov with Glinka (1), Lunacharsky said (2) that they are "springs of unusually happy music (3) plunging into which (4) you come out transformed."

1) 1, 2, 3
2) 1, 2, 4
3) 2,3
4) 2, 3, 4

A25. Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence?

In 1926, a free concert by Glazunov (1) took place and it aroused such interest (2) that (3) although all 2000 seats were filled (4), there were still many who wanted to (5) who could not get tickets.

1) 1, 2, 3
2) 1, 2, 4
3) 2, 3
4) 2, 3, 4

A26. In which sentence can the subordinate clause of a complex sentence be replaced by a separate definition expressed by participle turnover?

1) The fantasy of the composer, who has long been fond of the colorfulness of knightly legends, gave rise to the multicolored musical pictures.
2) Particularly attractive are the mass scenes in his ballets, in which the national flavor is conveyed.
3) V. Stasov, who knew Glazunov well, called him "Russian Samson" - the great hero.
4) Glazunov, who always looked closely at young composers, was the first to see talent in D. Shostakovich.

A27. Read the text.

For a long time it was believed that the Egyptian pyramids were built by slaves, but more recently, contrary to these allegations, scientists have found that the construction of the pyramids did not at all place a heavy burden on the shoulders of the slaves and the poorest segments of the population. Labor in the quarries and transportation of huge stone blocks was undoubtedly extremely difficult, but money was paid for it, and given that the construction was carried out at the time of the Nile flood, when the peasants had nothing to do, then such work can be considered a boon: it did not give people die of hunger. Moreover, the peasants were used mainly for transporting stone, and several thousand professional builders were involved in the construction of the pyramids.

Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the main information contained in the text?

1) During the construction of the pyramids, helping professional builders, the peasants were engaged in the transportation of stone, because this work did not allow them to die of hunger and was carried out at a convenient time for them.
2) The construction of the pyramids was an unbearable burden for the poorest segments of the population.
3) The pyramids were built during the flood of the Nile, when agricultural work stopped.
4) When the Nile flooded, the peasants had nothing to do, and in order not to die of hunger, they were forced against their will to go to the quarries, to transport the stone.

Read the text and complete tasks A28-A30; B1-B8, C1.

(1) One of the signs of the cultural catastrophe that has befallen us has been foul language. (2) It nests not only in groups of hanging out teenagers and has long ceased to be the "linguistic prerogative" of a drunken loader in a vegetable store. (3) Swearing freely and proudly flows in the corridors and smoking rooms of prestigious universities, from the stage and screen, from the pages of our press. (14) The rule “not to speak in front of the ladies” has become a deep anachronism: the mat is now not selective by gender, and some “ladies”, especially at a tender age, are able to outdo another homeless person.

(5) Rampant foul language in general, apparently, is a companion of times of crisis. (6) The historian and thinker of the 17th century, clerk Ivan Timofeev, among the vices and sins that led to the Troubles that almost destroyed Russia, also mentioned "the fetid pronunciation of obscene bad words with the tongue and lips."

(7) Nowadays, foul language exists in various manifestations, as if it appears in several guises.
(8) First of all, this is the usual foul language, characteristic of people with a low level of culture. (9) In this case, swear words and expressions for the person who uses them are used automatically - both as units of naming the corresponding objects and actions, and as interjections expressing various feelings, and as ballast fillers of the speech flow (just like some other people say every minute: here, so to speak, it means). (10) The habitual mat is an absolute and complete manifestation of lack of culture. (11) Although it is related to the level of education, it is not directly related: for example, I knew peasants who had two classes of a parochial school behind them, but for whom a swear word was as unnatural as laziness or poor work; at the same time, I know cursing students, engineers and doctors. (12) The main environment for the formation of habitual foul language is the family, the main reason is the cultural vacuum that reigns in it. (13) Therefore, foul language is so persistent: a child who daily hears how his parents "caress" each other with a catchy word will almost certainly grow up "obscene" and pass this habit on to his children. (14) The so-called affective foul language is widespread. (15) It is associated with the expression of some feeling and is usually an emotional reaction of a person to a situation, the words or behavior of other people, even to their own actions.

(16) Another manifestation of foul language is deliberate shocking, a challenge to society, attempts to destroy the generally accepted rules of decency. (17) The range of this kind of mat is very wide - from the inscriptions on the fences and in the toilets to the mannered and cynical speeches of some representatives of the intelligentsia and, so to speak, works of art - books, films, performances. (18) Yes, in the texts of great Russian literature there are many lines and lines where the corresponding words, even in academic publications, were bashfully replaced by dots. (19) But is there anything in common between them and swearing for the sake of fashion, to create an aura of obscene scandalousness, or simply because they don’t know how to speak otherwise?

(20) Mat is, alas, an objective harsh reality. (21) Clearly realizing this, should we take an indifferent position? (22) Hardly. (23) After all, foul language not only offends other people, but also has a destructive effect on the person himself: the mat, as it were, becomes part of his mentality. (24) A person begins to look at the world through a grid, the nodes of which are connected from swear words, and this world is depressingly primitive, since all the diversity of life is reduced in it to the simplest items.

(25) There are no and cannot be any universal recipes for curing foul language. (26) It is clear to me: this is possible only with a significant increase in the cultural level of both society and the individual. (27) No need to flatter yourself with illusions: no one will teach a drunken lumpen to speak another language. (28) But a lot can be done in a micro-collective: in a classroom, a student audience, and especially in a family. (29) Let's be intolerant of foul language - we will impose a complete and non-negotiable ban on it.

(According to S. Vinogradov)

A28. Which statement does not match the content of the text?

1) Foul language at the present time has become practically a linguistic norm for all social strata of the population.
2) Foul language is directly related to the low level of education.
3) The origins of this negative speech phenomenon are the family.
4) An intolerant attitude towards foul language, a significant increase in the cultural level of both society and the individual can heal society from this linguistic phenomenon.

A29. Indicate the answer option that indicates all types of speech used in sentences 16-24.

1) Description
2) narrative and description
3) reasoning
4) reasoning and narration

A30. Select the sentence that uses synonyms.

1) 3
2) 8
3) 12
4) 23

IN 1. From sentences 5-7, write out the word formed by the prefix-suffix method.

IN 2. Write out short participles from sentences 14-15.

AT 3. Indicate the type of subordination in the phrase THEM USES THEM in sentence 9.

AT 4. Among sentences 24-29, find complex ones, which include single-component impersonal ones. Write the numbers of these proposals.

AT 5. Among sentences 5-10, find an offer with a plug-in design. Write the number of this offer.

AT 6. Among sentences 18-24, find complex sentences with subordinate reasons. Write the numbers of these proposals.

AT 7. Among sentences 7-13, find one that connects with the previous one using a particle and a personal pronoun. Write the number of this offer.

AT 8. Some terms are missing from the text-based review. Fill in the gaps with the numbers corresponding to the number of the term from the list. If you do not know which term to insert, write the number 0.

A cultural catastrophe” — this is how the author characterizes the rampant foul language that has become the norm for most people, and _____ (sentence 3) clearly demonstrates this fact. And this is far from a harmless phenomenon: _____ (sentence 6) gives an idea of how our ancestors treated obscene words. Such a technique as _____ (sentences 21-22) allows the author to express his opinion on this problem, and _____ (sentence 24) draws the psychology of a swearing person.

List of terms:

1) extended metaphor
2) lexical repetition
3) quoting
4) question-answer form of presentation
5) inversion
6) rows of homogeneous members
7) parceling
8) rhetorical question

C1. Write an essay based on the text you read.

State and comment on one of the issues raised by the narrator (avoid overquoting). State the position of the narrator. Write whether you agree or disagree with his point of view. Explain why. Argument your answer based on knowledge, life or reading experience (the first two arguments are taken into account). The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.

A work written without relying on the text read (not on this text) is not evaluated. If the essay is a paraphrase or a complete rewrite of the source text without any comments, then such work is evaluated by zero points. Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

The ancient pyramids are the visiting card of Egypt, the most recognizable symbol, the main attraction. These ancient structures have been studied for many centuries, but still remain the greatest mystery.

As a rule, when we mention the pyramids of Egypt, we mean the three Great Pyramids located in the Giza Valley. In fact, archaeologists have discovered more than 100 ancient pyramids, the earliest of which date back to the reign of the 1st dynasty of the pharaohs. The pyramids at Giza are the largest and best preserved. In addition, they are located in close proximity to Cairo, the modern capital of Egypt. For these reasons, it is the Great Pyramids that are most known to tourists.

The pyramids of Egypt were built voluntarily

It is generally accepted that the Egyptian pyramids are the tombs of the pharaohs who ruled the state. Most of the pyramids are named after the kings during whose lifetime these pyramids are believed to have been built. The pyramid of Cheops, the pharaoh of the IV dynasty, is considered the most significant: it is higher than the others and, perhaps, the best studied. Already in the III century. BC e. The pyramid of Cheops has been named one of the seven wonders of the world.

Initially, the height of this pyramid was 146.6 m, but the upper pyramidon and the outer cladding were lost long ago and now the height of the structure is 138.8 m. and the angle of inclination of the walls is more than 51o. This ideality shocks modern engineers: in order to recreate the exact layout of the Cheops pyramid, the French architect J.-P. It took Udin 8 years of computer calculations. The work of the builders of a real pyramid was also complicated by the fact that the construction was not carried out on a flat surface: the base of the pyramid of Cheops is a natural hill, smoothly turning into the lower rows of masonry and raising the structure by almost 9 m.

The construction of the pyramid of Cheops took 2.3 million stone blocks. The average weight of each of the blocks is 2.5 tons, but there are individual granite blocks weighing up to 80 tons. All blocks were fitted to each other without the use of any binder with an accuracy that surprises modern architects. The blocks are stacked so that the pyramid is almost a monolithic structure. However, corridors, chambers and shafts are hollowed out inside it, the purpose of which still has no exact explanation.

Scientists attribute the construction of the pyramid to the 26th century. BC. It is assumed that the pyramid of Cheops was built for about 20 years. For a long time it was believed that the main builders of the pyramid were hundreds of thousands of slaves. Scientists were based on the opinion of Herodotus, who was the first to describe in detail the pyramids of Giza. However, Herodotus explored the Great Pyramids as early as 2,000 years after they were built. His main source was the stories of local residents. It should be noted that Herodotus had to communicate with those rare people who knew the Greek language, or through an interpreter. Therefore, it is not surprising that the results of recent excavations have refuted these conclusions.

For more than twenty years, archaeologists have explored the settlement of the builders of the pyramids, discovered near the sacred part of the Giza plateau. As a result, scientists came to the conclusion that the builders worked voluntarily and not for free. They received good food, quality medical care. The drawings and inscriptions found in the settlement even suggest something akin to a “socialist competition” between teams of builders. Some of the builders of the Egyptian pyramids even acquired their own pyramid tombs, sometimes using very expensive materials for their construction. Many such tombs have been explored by archaeologists today.

Egyptian pyramids were built using different technologies

Not all the pyramids of Egypt have survived as well as the Great Pyramids of Giza. Most of them today are more like piles of stones or hills. Interestingly, the late pyramids built during the last dynasties of the pharaohs turned out to be in the worst condition. This fact is partly explained by the fact that the state gradually fell into decay. Perhaps that is why the later pyramids were built from other materials, using other technologies, and obviously carelessly, without the former diligence and accuracy. In some cases, slabs from other, more ancient structures were used to clad the walls of the later pyramids.

Late pyramids were built from poorly processed stone blocks or baked bricks and, compared with the pyramids of the early dynasties (I-IV), were much more modest in size. For example, the pyramid of Nyuserre in Saqqara had a base length of 78.8 m and a height of about 50 m.

By their design, the pyramids are divided into 2 classes: stepped (like the pyramid of Djoser) and regular, ideal pyramids (Pink Pyramid, Great Pyramids). The researchers explain the refusal of the builders from the regular march of steps rising from the base to the top for religious reasons. At the same time, they do not think about how much the applied building technologies should have been changed for this. However, on the Great Pyramids, the "correctness" of the ancient builders ended. Pyramids built after the Great and called "late" have many differences from their predecessors.

Unlike the early pyramids, in which almost no drawings and inscriptions were found, the later pyramids of the kings of the V-VI dynasties brought to us the so-called Pyramid Texts: the oldest funerary texts.

Interestingly, two pyramids were built for almost every pharaoh. In most pyramids, the so-called “queen's chamber” or a second sarcophagus was found, although it is known that the wives of the pharaohs were buried separately, in small satellite pyramids.

By the way, each pyramid is not built on its own, but is part of a huge complex of structures. These are small satellite pyramids, several temples, covered passages or open ramps connecting them. Only about one pyramid such a complex is more or less preserved. In other cases, they are practically destroyed. All these structures and structures are supposed to have been built in order for the body of the deceased to go through all the stages of the transitional rite on the way to the realm of the dead.

Secrets of the Egyptian pyramids

The biggest mystery of the Egyptian pyramids is that no mummies of the pharaohs were found in these grandiose tombs. Burials were found in the Valley of the Kings and only in one of the later pyramids. Scientists attribute this fact to the villainy of the robbers, who have been enough at all times. However…

Caliph al-Mamun managed to get into the burial chamber of Cheops as early as 820, but the remains of the pharaoh were not found there. And recently, during excavations carried out near the pyramid of Djoser, another pyramid was accidentally discovered, almost completely covered with sand. Until the last moment, the researchers were sure that, finally, they managed to find a whole burial. The superbly preserved alabaster sarcophagus, indeed, was not touched. It even preserved the remains of a funeral wreath of flowers and herbs, laid 4700 years ago. But this sarcophagus was empty.

However, official archeology continues to assert that the pyramids are nothing more than tombs. It's just that those chambers of the pyramids, in which the royal remains are securely hidden, have not yet been opened.

And if we abandon the version of funeral needs? For what other purpose could such large-scale structures be built? There are many answers to this question, one more fantastic than the other. And to consider them all here is simply unrealistic. Let's focus on the three most interesting ones.

— Pyramids are a repository of knowledge. Their design, hieroglyphs, and arrangement contain the knowledge of the ancient Egyptians in mathematics, physics, astronomy, and other sciences. But we are not yet able to comprehend these encrypted messages, since we still do not even have a close store of knowledge. That is why the pyramids of Egypt remain mysterious to this day and surprise scientists with new discoveries.

— The pyramid is a huge generator of energy. The vibrations of the pyramid generate special waves, which, if properly used, can be both waves of life and waves of death. Perhaps the priests of ancient Egypt knew how to perfectly control this energy, and the pyramids were built in order to prolong the life of the pharaoh, preserve his youth and royal splendor for many years?

The fact that the pyramids have colossal energy is confirmed by numerous facts. First of all, this is the infamous "curse of the tombs" that has befallen many researchers of ancient burials. For the first time they started talking about it in connection with the Egyptian pyramids. At the same time, it has been noticed that the energy of the pyramid is able to heal many diseases. Bacteria do not multiply inside the pyramid, razor blades are self-sharpened, and the quality of seeds improves. Wheat that has lain in the tomb for thousands of years has retained its germination capacity! The soil around the pyramids also changes its properties, becoming surprisingly fertile.

This phenomenal feature of the pyramids is successfully used today by experimental gardeners. It turned out that when building a greenhouse with exact observance of the proportions of true pyramids and without the use of metal, record yields can be obtained.

- The pyramid is a means of space communication. It is known that the pyramids were installed with a clear orientation to the cardinal points. Studies have also shown that the early pyramids were built in exact accordance with the map of the starry sky. In particular, the Great Pyramids reflect Orion's Belt. But the pyramids of Egypt do not look like astronomical laboratories. Moreover, if we assume that all the pyramids in the project were combined into a single complex, then this project was drawn up 8000 years before the construction of the first pyramid discovered! Computer calculations showed that it was at this time that the coincidences were perfect.

Then what are these objects? And why do they need to be tied to stellar movement?

A detailed study of the design of the pyramids showed that they could well be both antennas and emitters, and even protection or weapons to combat the invasion from space. But at the same time, the pyramid can perform all such functions only when it is equipped with an empty stone resonator sarcophagus. And such a resonator should be located on the vertical axis of the pyramids, sometimes with a slight offset. Incredibly, this is where the sarcophagi are found! And the pyramid of Cheops could even play the role of a reflector: aerial photography showed that it has concave edges, like a lens.

In fairness, it should be noted that in later pyramids all these features are lost.

Are we drawing conclusions?

So, there were no burials in the early pyramids. They were found in later pyramids, which had a different design and were built carelessly. It turns out that initially there were technologies for which thousands of people voluntarily built the most grandiose structures. This work needs a purpose. A single, exciting and inspiring goal for everyone.

Could the future burial of the king be such a goal? Apparently not. This is confirmed by the gradual disappearance of a tradition that has been preserved for many thousands of years. Could such a goal be the transfer of knowledge to mythical future generations? Hardly. Personally, would you start plating in your “free time from your main job” in such hard labor for the sake of this? I think most likely not. Would prefer to engage in the practical implementation of these very future generations with your beloved

And if the goal is communication with representatives of extraterrestrial civilizations? Protection against the threat of attack? It seems to me that if the population of that time was aware of the reality of such a threat and had experience of such communication, then - an unconditional YES. And if we take this version as a basis, then both , and , and correspond to it. It also gets its explanation that the pyramids (of different shapes, but equally inexplicable purpose) were discovered by archaeologists all over the world: in America (), in China and in France. These and many other unsolved mysteries of mankind, thus, line up in one chain, complementing each other.

But after many thousands of years, no other evidence of this version has been preserved. Either not preserved, or not found. Or we are simply not able to read and solve these puzzles at the present time.

In the Saqqara region, not far from the ruins of the ancient Egyptian city of Memphis, among the 12 royal pyramids, is the oldest pyramid in Egypt. This pyramid is one of the most impressive monuments of antiquity. The reason for this is not only her grandiosity, but also her age - and he is more than impressive. The six-step pyramid of Djoser is over 4700 years old today. So what secrets does this grandiose structure hide?

The Pyramid of Djoser is considered the forerunner of all the Egyptian pyramids that have survived to this day, those that were created in Ancient Egypt, including the three pyramids on the Giza plateau - Cheops, Khafre and Mikkerin. For obvious reasons, it is impossible to determine the exact date of construction of the pyramid, but it is believed that it was erected around 2650 BC as a funerary temple for the family of the first pharaoh of the III dynasty of the Old Kingdom of Djoser.

This pyramid consists of six steps, but the hot, dry desert wind has long blunted its sharp edges, and several hundred generations of robbers, destroyers, and even ordinary residents who needed building material for their own homes, removed the once superbly polished lining from it. Now this building no longer shines in the rays of the sun, it seems to grow right out of the sand and is one with it.

To imagine the size of the pyramid of Djoser, imagine three ordinary 9-story buildings standing on top of each other - this will be the width of the base. Length - four 9-storey buildings. In height, the pyramid rises to almost 60 meters. This is a huge giant that rests on a solid limestone rock. Inside this mighty structure, a whole labyrinth of wide and narrow corridors was built, the total length of which is almost a kilometer.

In that distant 2650, the order to build this pyramid was given by Imhotep. At first, he planned to create a simple one-level tomb, of which there were many at that moment, but over time his decision changed - he ordered the construction of a multi-stage pyramid so that the soul of Djoser could rise from the earth straight to heaven along these steps.

Today, the Pyramid of Djoser is the oldest Egyptian pyramid, so it is not surprising that millions of tourists come to visit it every year. For so many years it stood on the ground, in such harsh conditions, and at the same time, it is still not only well preserved, but still impresses with its shape and size.

The most mysterious thing about the pyramid of Djoser is that scientists have not yet found a single text, no documents at all, describing its construction. With all the abundance of artifacts, there is not a single written evidence of how exactly this complex was built. Therefore, we still do not know why Imhotep did not use bricks and clay (which would be much more convenient), but huge massive stones, which even today are not so easy to carry and install. Experts believe that for the construction of the pyramid, apparently, special ramps were used - with their help, at least, it would be possible to put the stones in place, and then, apparently, the workers would fix them in place.

Inside the pyramid, Imhotep ordered the construction of 11 burial chambers - so that all members of the pharaoh's family would be enough. It is interesting that when archaeologists dug up the inner chambers of the pyramid, they found the wives of the pharaoh, his children, but the mummy of Djoser was not there. Gone, too, were almost all the jewels and sacred objects with which he was buried.
We can only guess how many people were inside this building before it was recorded in writing. All we know for sure is that between 1798 and 1801, Napoleon's men were here. They found this pyramid during their Egyptian campaign.

If you enter the pyramid, then the visitor will first see a tunnel with columns, and then a labyrinth of many small rooms and tunnels, which gradually lead 28 meters deep underground. According to the ideas about the world order of that time, the entrance to all structures, including the pyramid itself, was made from the north side.

Of course, scientists would very much like to find at least some documents as to why the pyramid was built this way and not otherwise. Why was it necessary to take huge heavy stones, if other pyramids of that time were quite successfully built from smaller bricks. Why is the structure of the corridors this way and not another. Scientists can only speculate. Thus, for example, in an encyclopedia of ancient history, Egyptologist Miroslav Werner suggested the following: “A simple but effective method of construction was used. The masonry was laid not vertically, but along slopes towards the middle of the pyramid, which increased its structural stability.”

In other words, Imhotep apparently wanted this whole complex to be not just a royal tomb, but a monumental structure that would leave a mark on history. And, it must be admitted that thanks to unique ideas and a far-sighted approach to construction, Imhotep really succeeded.
Even today, the architecture of all the Egyptian pyramids amazes both specialists and ordinary visitors. Perhaps not knowing all their mysteries is for the best, at least it adds even more charm and mystery to them.
If you are interested in the mysteries of the history of Ancient Egypt, read another on this topic.
BY MATERIALS thevintagenews.com