Fire alarm installation - practical advice. Design and installation of an integrated fire and security system Installation of fire alarm systems

Fire alarm installation is one of the most demanded services of Stroy-TK, a reliable partner in ensuring your safety at various facilities in Moscow and the region.

The professional approach of our specialists, the competent design and installation of fire alarms, the high quality and reliability of the equipment used - all this makes cooperation with the company objectively beneficial in all respects.

We specialize in the installation of almost all types of alarm systems that exist today, both standard fire alarms (OPS) and automatic fire alarms (APS). All technical equipment is characterized by a high degree of reliability and reliability, so you can always be sure of your own safety.

Why do you need a fire alarm system?

Human factor, video surveillance system and individual means fire extinguishing systems are mandatory components of the safety of any premises, office, building, etc. However, not always all these measures allow you to quickly respond to the threat of fire or penetration and minimize damage.

Modern technologies make it possible to almost instantly identify the source of ignition, burglary, etc., notify the relevant services about the threat and take measures to eliminate it. Installation of a fire alarm system, as well as its maintenance, does not require serious energy costs, which makes them so popular and convenient.

Functions and tasks of the OPS

A modern security fire alarm system is a highly efficient single system that operates offline. Installation of APS (automatic fire alarm) allows you to solve a whole range of tasks to ensure the safety of a single room or an entire building.

• Fire detection- the system, according to specific criteria, establishes the fact of a fire.
• Collection of information - the OPS collects the necessary data and records the processed information.
• Alarm generation- the system generates signals designed to notify everyone in the building about a fire.
• Turning on fire extinguishing systems– formation of commands for the activation of automatic means to eliminate fire and smoke.

Elements of the security and fire alarm

The OPS includes many high-precision instruments and technical means, combined into a single warning system. Depending on the type and purpose, the alarm may include various elements, however, the main functional nodes can be identified in each of them.

• Control system- this is the "brain" of the OPS, a central computer with specialized software. It is from this control panel that the settings of the entire system and the management of its elements are carried out.
• Sensors, annunciators and sensors– highly sensitive devices that capture control information various types. They record the fact of a threat (fire, unauthorized entry into the territory, etc.) and transmit the received data to the appropriate nodes.
• Data acquisition and processing equipment- points to which the primary information from the detectors arrives.

Turnkey fire alarm installation from Stroy-TK

Installing a public address system is enough painstaking work, which consists of several stages.

Installation cost

The price of installation of an alarm system consists of several components: the amount of work, the complexity factor, the presence of additional requirements, etc. Sure enough simple system alarms will cost you much less than a complex alarm system with many features and options. The final cost of installation work can be established only after the drafting of the project.

Prices for installation and installation of fire alarms

For more information on the installation of a fire alarm system, please contact our office by phone

Ecolife Group performs the installation of automatic fire alarms and turnkey fire extinguishing systems for enterprises, offices and shopping centers, schools and sports facilities, apartments, country houses, cottages and other objects. The company also accepts Maintenance and repairs all types of fire alarm equipment.

Agreement for the installation of a fire alarm, a complete set of documents

Our company works with legal and individuals. We conclude a contract for all services provided, which is a document that clearly defines the cost and timing of the work. Pre-negotiated terms reduce the risks for both parties, as well as ensure the benefits of the transaction for the seller and the buyer.
The signing of acts of work performed and the acceptance and transfer of equipment means the successful completion of work. We provide a full package of documents, including invoices, acts, invoices and cash receipts when paying in cash, commissioning reports, system settings. After completing the work, we continue to work with you as a consultant and service organization.

Departure of an engineer to calculate the cost of work is free of charge

fire alarm installation cost

To calculate the exact cost of fire alarm installation work, call us or send the existing fire alarm project. We will calculate the price of alarm installation during the day.

Installation of fire alarm systems is carried out on the basis of approved working (project) documentation.
In its absence, the engineers of Ecolife Group of Companies are ready to perform for you design work. To do this, we will need floor plans of your facility and technical requirements in the form of terms of reference for the design of a fire alarm.
After the project is completed, our specialists will begin work on the installation of an automatic fire alarm system. Thus, Ecolife Group performs the design and installation of fire alarms in the complex.
Our specialist travels to the site free of charge to calculate the price of a fire alarm, draw up a Commercial Offer and an Agreement. Contact us by phone, e-mail or order form on the site.

Fire alarm installation: how we work

Installation of a fire alarm: stages of work

When the design work is completed, we can assume that the automatic fire alarm system already exists, albeit only in theory so far. All technical decisions have already been made, the type of alarm system has been selected, necessary equipment and selected materials. This system is unique and will not fit any other facility. The next stage is installation work, which will translate what was conceived into practice and “breathe life” into the very important system human protection.

That's why, installation of fire alarm systems- not only expensive, but also the most important stage of work. It requires attention and control not only on the part of the contractor, but also on the part of the owner of the facility.

Any construction and installation work can be divided into two components:

1. Direct performance of work;
2. Preparation of acceptance documentation.

It cannot be said that one is more important than the other. Both components are necessary for the further stable operation of the system and its operation. Before handing over the work performed, the customer must have a fully tested and functioning fire alarm system and several folders with documentation.

As in the case of design, it would be nice for the customer to have in his arsenal a person who is able to understand all this and control the process. In large companies, this is not a problem. By order, an engineer is appointed, or even an entire engineering organization is hired to carry out technical supervision of the work and paperwork. If for the customer this work is one-time, or there is simply no way to hire someone additionally, then you will have to figure out the key points on your own.

So where does the installation of a fire alarm begin?

The installation process can be divided into several stages:

1. Choice of a contracting company;
2. Inspection of the object and conclusion of the contract;
3. Purchase of equipment and materials;
4. Performance electrical work;
5. Performance commissioning.

Fire alarm installation: choosing a contractor

When performing installation work, the most important thing for the customer is preparation. Find a company that will meet all the requirements, discuss all the details and features of the object - this must be done before signing an agreement or contract. In the process of performing work, it will only be possible to monitor compliance with all contractual obligations, without interfering with the production process.

The choice among companies that install fire alarms is quite wide. Even in a relatively small city, you can find a couple of such organizations. In order for a company to be able to this species activities, it must at least have a license from the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation.
Recently, specialized organizations have joined the ranks of members of Self-Regulatory Organizations (SROs) and receive a "Certificate of admission to certain types of work." In this certificate, they are interested in the section "Installation of fire protection equipment." This certificate gives the right to perform work on the installation of fire alarms in strictly defined cases. Therefore, if you need to install an alarm in any "standard" existing building (shop, office, hotel), then the presence of such a certificate is not necessary. But, if the company you have chosen has it, then this fact can definitely be considered an advantage.

Inspection of the object and conclusion of a contract for the installation of a fire alarm

Now a little about what is required from the customer before concluding a contract for installation work.

Firstly, you must have a draft of the “P” stage in your hands (or on electronic media). Based on this project, the installation organization will be able to calculate the price of equipment, as well as the cost of construction, installation and commissioning. If you have a project in in electronic format, then you can just take and call several companies, send them a project by e-mail and ask them to put offer. In this case, you do not have to spend time on meetings or trips. And the proposals received can be compared in terms of cost and other conditions (term of work, availability / absence of advance payment, etc.) at a convenient time.

Secondly, the customer needs to imagine in detail how the work will be performed from an administrative and economic point of view. You can even create a small document with your requirements for the work. And such a document will be called, as in the case of design, "Terms of Reference". Samples of such a document can be easily found on the Internet. In this document, you can, for example, specify certain hours for the execution of work. If the object of protection is a hotel, then this requirement will be relevant and justified. Also, one of the requirements may be cleaning of the premises (dry or wet) at the end of each working day, with the determination of the place of waste storage. Or you, as a customer, may require a permanent presence of a responsible employee from the company at your facility in order to be able to resolve emerging technical or organizational issues at any time.

Thirdly, both for the installation organization and for the customer it will be extremely useful to inspect the object before concluding a contract. The main purpose of this event is to check the compliance of the design and actual data of the facility. In practice, it happens that from the moment the execution is completed design work a significant period of time may pass before the start of installation work on the alarm system. This happens especially often at construction sites. And during this period, some architectural changes may occur at the facility, which they simply forgot to make to the automatic fire alarm project. In such cases, a preliminary examination can become extremely important.
For the customer, this is also a great way to get to know a potential contractor and the opportunity to see him “in action”. And the contractor will be able to visualize the scale of the upcoming work and discuss with the owner of the facility some of the subtleties of installation.

It is clear that such requirements can lead to an increase in the overall cost of the work. But if there are circumstances that you consider extremely important when installing a fire alarm, then they must be conveyed to the contractor. And best of all, if your requirements are in writing. In this case, they can be fully transferred to the contract, or you can draw up this Terms of Reference as an annex to it.

Fire alarm installation: purchase of equipment and materials

This task can be accomplished in several ways.

First way- the customer is fully responsible for the supply. There can be many reasons for such a contractual relationship. If during the negotiations the parties came to such a decision, then it is beneficial for them. For the installation organization, this is at least convenient:

• no need to spend resources on the purchase and transportation of equipment to the site,
• in case of receiving defective equipment or “understaff”, there is no need to deal with its replacement;

This type of cooperation is quite common. You don't need any licenses or certificates to buy equipment. But, if the customer decides to take on the role of a supplier, then he must understand that any questions regarding the discrepancy between the purchased equipment and the project equipment, as well as possible problems with its replacement or return, will fall on his shoulders. If all this does not make much trouble, then this method can easily be put into practice.

Second way when the purchase of materials is entrusted to the mounting organization, more common. In this case, for the customer, the installation organization also becomes a supplier. There are several reasons for this.
Firstly, installation organizations buy equipment for fire automation systems on an ongoing basis. This means that they know all the nearest trading companies and are guided by the prices for this or that equipment from different sellers. As a result, installation companies have significant discounts from the sellers they work with, so they can also help save your budget.
Secondly, all installation companies have a certain stock of equipment in stock. It is not at all necessary that the installation company will be able to fully provide the object with everything necessary from its stock of warehouse equipment. But to collect equipment from your warehouse in order to immediately begin the production of installation work is quite likely. And in a day or two they will be able to deliver everything else directly from the trading company. Convenient, isn't it?
Thirdly, all responsibility for the quality and performance of the equipment will lie with the installation organization. That is, if some equipment still turns out to be defective or damaged (which in practice is much more common than we would like), the installation organization will have to take over the work of replacing it. At the same time, given the availability of a warehouse, most often the replacement occurs instantly and the installation process does not have to be stopped.

Third way most often used by large companies. It consists in organizing a tender for the purchase of equipment. If there is no such experience, then you can face a number of serious difficulties. Probably, the most verified way to organize a purchase would be to contact professional companies that not only carry out these purchases, but will also be able to advise in detail. In the presence of well-designed technical requirements for the purchase, you can achieve very serious cost savings. Otherwise, you still have to spend time and human resources to monitor the fulfillment of the terms of the supply contract.

Performing installation work on site. Alarm setting

After the preparatory work you can proceed to the installation.

It's no secret that the installation of an automatic fire alarm is a process that must meet a huge number of requirements. If the customer has specialists who are able to control the process of installation work, this will greatly simplify the task of control. If there are no such specialists, they can be hired. And then only administrative functions will remain on the customer.
In addition to design technical solutions and work conditions dictated by the customer, there is whole line requirements that the installer must comply with.

1. Since the work is aimed at ensuring fire safety, they must comply with fire safety standards.
2. Alarm installation is a job that is directly related to electrical work. And despite the fact that most of these works relate to low-current systems (up to 60 V), they must comply with the requirements for electrical work.
3. Do not forget that the installation of a fire alarm is one of the stages of construction. Therefore, the production of alarm installation work must comply with building regulations.
4. In addition to all of the above, when working, it is necessary to observe safety precautions and labor protection requirements. There are many such requirements. And if the object of protection is a zone of increased danger, then their number increases and becomes tougher at times.

It may seem that such a number of requirements is simply impossible to fulfill. But for experienced companies that have been conducting this activity for more than a year and have equipped several tens or hundreds of objects with fire-fighting automation, all these norms and rules are very familiar and are carried out at the level of habit. They can competently substantiate and document their every step and every action. Therefore, when choosing a company as a contractor, do not forget to find out about the experience in this area and the number of completed projects. It would not be superfluous to clarify about work on objects that are similar or similar to your object in their specifics. It is worth noting that installation organizations that care about their reputation are preparing separate documents, which in chronological order reflect the list of iconic objects on which the company worked. Such documents are called "Business reputation". And in addition to this document, customer reviews can be attached.

Construction and installation work begins with an introductory and primary briefing. Both of them are aimed at ensuring that the work carried out is carried out with maximum attention and is safe for each participant in the production process.

Induction training carried out by the customer. It can take place both orally and in the form of a video presentation. The main purpose of this briefing is to convey information about the object, its purpose and features from the point of view of safe installation work. An introductory briefing is carried out by a labor protection engineer or other responsible person who performs these functions on the basis of an order from the head. After the briefing, each employee puts his signature in the briefing log, thereby confirming its passage.

Primary briefing also carried out on site. Unlike the introductory briefing, it is conducted by a responsible representative of the installation organization. And it is aimed primarily at informing employees about the requirements of labor protection and safety. When performing electrical work, which includes the installation of fire alarms, these requirements relate to safety when working with electricity, hand and power tools, rules for working at height, etc. If the object is a zone of increased danger (gas, oil, metallurgical, etc. industries), then in addition to general rules, briefing is supplemented by intersectoral or highly specialized requirements.

Throughout the entire period of construction and installation works, the customer has the right to monitor and control the process of their implementation. If the customer has questions, he has the right to ask them both orally and in writing. After all, despite the fact that an introductory briefing has been carried out, the customer is responsible for the specialists working at his facility. Moreover, the customer has the right to suspend work if he sees violations in their production or non-compliance with labor protection requirements. As a rule, most of these issues are agreed through negotiations. In very rare cases, when certain rules are systematically violated, the customer may terminate the contract.

Start-up and adjustment works when putting the fire alarm system into operation

After the completion of the installation work, it is the turn of the commissioning work. The name speaks for itself about its composition. The essence of the work is to run the mounted system and fix everything possible mistakes installation, malfunctions in the operation of system nodes, identify possible defective equipment. Also, in the commissioning mode, it is necessary to test the system in all operating modes, and make sure that it correctly and accurately processes the received signals and sent commands.

Commissioning should not be underestimated, especially if the object of protection is a large building with many systems associated with fire alarms in their work.
After the system is fully tested and tested, it is left on for 72 hours. This period is called the "working period". The meaning of this practice is to identify malfunctions in the operation of the system or its individual components that did not appear during the testing process.

It happens, albeit in very rare cases, that the customer hires a separate organization to perform commissioning. From a legal point of view, this is a completely acceptable measure. But if you look at it from the economic or organizational side, then here the customer, of course, loses. After all, the new contractor will include in estimated cost all overhead costs, and to attract him again, you will have to conduct a selection, acquaint him with the project and the object, draw up a technical task and conduct briefings. Of course, this will take a lot of time and resources. positive side such a step may only be the need to transfer installation work to a new contractor. That is, one specialized organization will be able to carry out an intermediate assessment of the work performed by another specialized organization. Otherwise, such a "castling" will only create problems. Therefore, in the vast majority of cases, installation and commissioning is carried out by one organization.

After the completion of the work, the installation organization notifies the customer in writing of the readiness for a comprehensive testing of the installed system.

Registration of acceptance documentation for fire alarms

In order to document the fact of any construction and installation work, there is the so-called "Acceptance Documentation". It usually consists of four sections:

1. Permissive documentation;
2. working documentation;
3. Production documentation;
4. executive documentation.

These sections are compiled on the basis of regulatory documents, state standards and building regulations. Depending on the type of work performed, the composition of the documents varies. Each section is completed in a separate folder and is supplied with a register of documents included in it. First of all, the contractor should know how to correctly and competently draw up the Acceptance Documentation. He, in fact, must develop it and sign it by everyone responsible persons involved in the production process. A detailed list of documents included in each section of this set is usually reflected already at the time of drawing up the agreement (contract).

After reviewing all the above information, it may seem that monitoring the installation of automatic fire alarms by the customer is an extremely difficult task. Especially for those who are faced with the need to equip an object with fire-fighting automation for the first time.

Fire and security systems are in demand and are used at a variety of facilities. The complexes differ in functionality and are presented in a wide variety. Therefore, before installing the alarm, it is best to know the features different types equipment.

Alarm and its principle of operation

The security and fire complex consists of equipment that allows timely detection and notification of danger. Sensing sensors are the key element. They react to an increase in temperature, smoke, notifying the owners of a fire. The automatic fire extinguishing system is activated, a sound signal about the danger. So the equipment allows you to save life and property.

Sensors are placed on the ceiling

The complex of devices includes sensory devices, which are presented in the form of sensors and detectors. The processing of information received from the sensors is carried out by other devices, and the control unit allows you to control the operation of the system. The complex of devices also includes peripheral components that are connected to the control panel:

• control panel;
• printer for printing messages;
• sound and light alarms;
• short circuit isolation module.

All devices interact with each other, providing timely notification of the owners of the house about the danger. The complete set of the system may differ in functionality, the type of elements used, but the security and fire system works as efficiently as possible when properly configured.

Project and calculation

For the arrangement of the system of the security and fire complex in the room, the correct project is important, which allows you to create a complex that meets the established requirements. A single standard assumes that the system complies with the basic standards, which is necessary for the correct and efficient operation of the alarm system. Designing is an important stage. The premises are inspected, and in this process the specialist receives the information necessary to calculate the parameters. And also the design involves taking into account the following requirements of GOST:

• conductive outer or internal pipes design according to the ring method. Conductive installations can be dead-end, but only for control nodes in the amount of less than three. The length of the outer dead-end wire should not exceed 200 m;
• sanitary-technical or industrial, complex equipment cannot be connected to pipelines that provide power to the fire extinguishing system;
• pipelines are attached to the main structural elements of the house, but are not a support for other structures;
• the estimated volume of water for the fire extinguishing system must be stored in water tanks, but it is important to provide for the presence of devices that prevent the flow of liquid for other needs;
• the period of filling the calculated volume during local extinguishing cannot exceed 180 s.

When calculating, it is worth considering that one sensor controls a square in space with sides equal to the height of the ceiling, but not more than 4 m. Design and calculation of systems are carried out taking into account the requirements of GOST R 50800, as well as GOST 3262. NPB 88–2001 is often the main document , according to which the pipeline complex is being equipped.

Fire alarm: types of systems

There are basic types of fire and security alarms that differ in parameters, functionality and installation rules. Complexes of various levels of complexity are necessary for warning about a fire and differ in the principle of operation.

Conventional fire alarm

The conventional system involves the use of receiving and control devices that measure the current in the alarm loop with installed detectors. These elements can be in the states: "fire" or "normal". If a fire is detected, then the internal resistance in the detector changes abruptly, as well as the current in the system loop. As a result, an emergency alert is generated.

The scheme of traditional signaling is simple

Address-analogue complex

In this complex of equipment, the control panel (PKP) is a monoblock with one or more loops. They have a ring structure. At the same time, it is easy to connect up to 200 elements to one loop. The ring complex includes the following components:

• addressable automatic fire detectors;
• addressable manual fire detectors;
• address relays;
• address annunciators;
• control modules.

In the analog addressable system, the detector is not responsible for the decision about the presence of a fire, but is only a measuring device. The sensor sends information to the control panel about the received parameters, which makes it possible to distinguish between a malfunction in the detector's electrical circuit and dust accumulation in the smoke chamber. Equipment of this type for making a decision about a fire does not use single indicators, but pre-prepared information about the state of the controlled space. In this case, intermittent short interference is not perceived, but persistent indicators, signals from a real source of ignition, are taken into account.

The system is efficient and easy to operate

Threshold type system with radial loops

In a threshold-type complex with radial loops, there are special fire alarms that are already set to a certain threshold or level for triggering. A thermal sensitive sensor is responsible for the decision to ignite when a certain temperature threshold occurs, and then an alert is given. The peculiarity of the complex lies in the radial form of the topology of the cables. So from the central unit, loops-beams of wires with connected detectors are diverted. Up to 30 notification elements can be connected to one beam. When one of them is triggered, the main panel displays the loop number, but it is impossible to get other information.

The design of the threshold system is quite simple

Threshold alarm with modular structure

Systems of this type do not have a central control panel. It has been replaced with interconnected blocks that are placed next to sensitive sensors. Such blocks receive signals from 100 or more loops. When installing an alarm system with a model structure over a large area, it is necessary to increase the capacity of the receivers by installing additional blocks. Receiving devices transmit signals to the main panel. In this system, one- or two-threshold wire loops are also installed. With the help of the latter option, it is easy to detect a fire and find out about its level.

Modern types of sensors

Sensors of various types are present in any type of fire and security alarm. Their number and functionality may be different, but it is thanks to sensitive devices that the system reacts to a fire. The classification of devices depends on the type of the transmitted signal, the variant of the monitored parameter change, and also depending on the location and type of the sensor. Sensitive devices are also classified according to their purpose, and one system may include several types of elements. This ensures the functionality of the fire alarm system.

temperature sensor

Thermal devices that are sensitive to an increase in the temperature in the room are always present in the fire and security alarm. The action of such a device is activated when the air temperature in the controlled environment rises. Some devices work depending on the change electrical resistance depending on temperature changes, and in other cases, deformable structures are used.

Sensors also differ in appearance

Smoke detectors

Smoke-sensing components are a sought-after and effective option for fire and burglar alarms. They quickly catch the manifestations of smoke and allow you to take the necessary actions in a timely manner. For example, a short circuit in electrical wiring often occurs with poor oxygen access and is characterized by a long smoldering period. In this case, the smoke detector gives the necessary signal and the fire extinguishing system is activated, if such a design is provided for in the project.

The smoke detector is inconspicuous on the ceiling

Flame sensor: principle of operation and features

High-quality flame sensors actively respond to an open fire or a smoldering hearth. Devices are practically not used in residential areas, but they are effective in industrial or open areas. The principle of operation is based on the fact that the flame is always accompanied by electromagnetic radiation, the degree of which depends on the intensity and temperature of the fire. Radiation is divided into visible, infrared and ultraviolet. The sensitive component of the device quickly captures such manifestations in one or more ranges. Often such sensors are used in the gas and petrochemical industries.

The appearance of the flame sensor is quite simple.

gas sensor

This device is very rarely used in automatic fire extinguishing alarms, as the risk of false alarms is high. For domestic purposes, the sensor is effective and notifies you of a gas leak from communications. The device reacts to manifestations of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide.

Installation and connection of fire and security alarms

Installation of a security and fire system requires proper design, which is carried out taking into account the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe premises, the type of sensors and other factors. At the initial stage of work, it is necessary to calculate all the parameters of the system, which only a specialist can do. This is due to the complexity of the signaling, which includes many devices.

The system may include several types of sensors

A simple warning system can be installed in a private residential building or apartment. In this case, it is necessary to select devices with optimal characteristics, as well as determine the place of their installation.

Recommendations in video format allow you to master the installation technology in stages. You can learn the features of installing and connecting devices in a private house from the video instructions.

Video: fire alarm installation

Installation of fire detectors

Before installing the system, determine the location of the sensors. Sensitive devices are optimal in areas of high fire risk: in the kitchen, in the living room with a fireplace. In the house, appliances are installed to the boiler room in the presence of a gas heating boiler. In this case, it is best to use combined sensors that will react to an open flame, smoke, gas.

For installation, you need to determine the number of sensors

For proper functioning, it is necessary to take into account the rules for choosing a place and mounting sensitive elements:

• the distance between the sensors should be from 9 m, and from the corners and walls - 4.5 m;
• the correct scheme is the key to the correct arrangement of elements;
• sensors are installed at a distance from sources of heat and flame;
• in narrow and long corridors First of all, you need to take into account the gap between the sensors.

Operation of the alert system

For domestic use, local warning systems are often used. The complexes may not have a common centralized control, and the sound signal is recorded in advance. The system assumes the presence of an amplifier, as well as a speech processor. The disadvantage is expressed in the fact that with the help of the equipment it is impossible to quickly manage the evacuation. Control is important when unusual situation or in the case of rapidly changing events.

Possible malfunctions after installation

All malfunctions of the fire and security alarm are often associated with incorrect installation of sensors. In case of violation of the norms of the distance between the elements or when they are close to heating appliances, a constant beep may be emitted. The following factors can lead to a malfunction:

• low quality sensors;
• electromagnetic interference;
• strong acoustic vibrations;
• ingress of dust, insects into the sensors;
• device design failure.

If any violations are detected, it is best to remove the alarm, determine the cause and troubleshoot. In any case, you should not use low-quality devices that will not ensure safety.

How to remove the alarm with your own hands?

The dismantling of the security and fire alarm system includes the removal of all the elements that make up the complex. If the sound alert is false, then you should make sure of this. In the absence of a source of ignition, smoke or gas leakage, the sensors must be turned off. To do this, they remove the battery or turn it off from the centralized control panel. For temporary deactivation of sensors in only one room, cover the sensitive element with adhesive tape or film.

Fire alarm sensors are important components of the system. The correct operation of the entire complex of devices depends on the quality of their connection. You can learn how to install and connect using video recommendations.

Video: connecting sensors

The security and fire alarm system is effective and ensures safety. Correct installation and choice of sensors - important points for the correct operation of the system. To do this, design is carried out, as well as the features are mastered and the characteristics of the devices are selected.

On the this moment security and fire alarms have become quite common, which increase the level of protection of various objects. Thanks to its "many-sided" functionality and component composition, not only a fire is detected in a timely manner, but also a thorough control over the protected area is carried out. Such a device is quite complicated and expensive to install and maintain, but you will not find an electronic device that is so reliable.

How does a fire alarm system work?

The fire protection system is a whole "set" of different technical devices that provide fire safety various kinds buildings, equipment, people, as well as material values. It includes two systems: alerts for people in the building and a fire alarm.

Scheme of the OPS device

Due to the fact that the software and hardware dispatcher was installed, you will always see the source of ignition on the site plan. If semi-automatic mode was set on the alarm, then after an alarm signal is received from it, the security service must turn on the fire warning system for personnel and at the same time activate visual, voice, and voice messages.

When the fire alarm in the building is confirmed, the main signal will be transmitted to the ACS - the "message" system and thereby bring all the alarm elements into the emergency evacuation mode. Also, the signal will go to the control system of various engineering networks buildings, after which they will go into fire danger mode.

Fire fighting device automatic mode, performs the following functions:

• Identification of the fire zone;
• Detection of the focus after 2-time confirmation from the moment of registration;
• Control of network failures for short circuits, as well as breakage with reference to the building plan;
• Detection of the focus at the initial stage;
• Control different blocks with the output of the obtained results to the dispatcher's workstation;
• Viewing the fire-prevention state of the areas of the building on the detailed, as well as general plan, which are displayed on the dispatcher console in text and graphic format.

Features of design and calculation

The design of the fire alarm system is the main stage on which the effective operation of the entire system depends. Such work should be done by professionals, since this is a complex scheme with a number of calculations, a significant number of devices and their location. However, since they are all interconnected by a loop, it is therefore necessary to design the trajectory of further laying. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the possible nuances that are being developed in the project to eliminate emerging threats.

Project of OPS of a high-rise building

However, the development of an FEA project is a subjective process, since each object must be carefully studied taking into account the characteristics of use, as well as plans. And you need to evaluate:

• The complexity of the design;
• The size of the rooms;
• Planning specifics.

Attention should also be paid to places with the most likely outbreak. The design of the fire protection system is carried out taking into account the PUE, as well as DSTU. The project includes a huge number of different works:

• Terms of reference, which takes into account all the wishes of the client;
• Study of premises;
• Creation of a standard project with all estimated estimates for the work performed;
• After agreeing on all the nuances with the client, all documents and estimates are signed;
• Installing and testing the operation of the OPS.

In the process of preparing for the installation of an alarm system, it is necessary to carry out a lot of calculations, thanks to which you can choose the most ideal type of device and at the same time avoid additional expenses, for example, with the maintenance of detectors or the installation of the system itself.

Typical project of fire and security alarm

Most milestone calculations is to determine the ideal capacity for the energy source itself. In other words, it is necessary to decide which type of power supply is most suitable for connecting the detectors. Not only batteries can act as a source, but also ordinary batteries.

Fire alarm devices

The required source capacity is usually indicated in the fire alarm operating instructions themselves. Therefore, it is necessary to check the value on the battery case with the available information in the instructions. If the power capacity is not enough, then buy a more powerful device. If you are connecting several batteries, then you need to make sure that they have the same voltage.

Also, specify the required wire cross-section for the OPS and pay attention to the characteristics of the battery capacity for different operating modes (alarms, standby). Next, you need to summarize these values, after which you will get the total battery capacity of your particular OPS.

Types of systems

To date, there are a huge number of different fire alarms of various levels of complexity. However, they all perform the same function - they control the protected object with the help of detectors. Most modern fire systems can transmit a signal to the main security console at a distance and even perform many other service functions. But their main task is the timely detection of fire on the territory of the facility or illegal entry. Depending on the method of determining the fire threat, systems can be divided into the following types:

• Non-address. Conventional sensors (manual, thermal, as well as smoke) are connected to the receiving and control devices, which display only the number of their loop. At the same time, they do not transmit the address of the room, as well as the number, to the main panel.

  Non-addressed OPS system

• The address system works on following principle- the control panel receives data from the detectors, due to which the exact area of ​​the fire is determined.

  Addressable fire and security alarm system

• Addressable analog signaling is a very efficient and reliable device, since the received information is sent to the main panel, and then it is analyzed by the main processor. To give an alarm or not, the software package decides, and not a specific detector.

  Addressable analog fire and security alarm

• The threshold system with radial loops is the most budgetary, however, its installation will be expensive. At the same time, this type of alarm can often give false alarms, so it will be necessary to duplicate the detectors, which will lead to an increase in costs.

  Threshold alarm system with radial loops

• The modular threshold system is more advanced, since you can track any malfunction on the PC, which means that you can immediately take the necessary measures and troubleshoot. The disadvantage is the high price.

  Threshold modular devices of the OPS system

The main types of sensors

Fire detectors or sensors are special devices that allow you to record certain properties of fire ignition with its initial detection and further prevention. Also, sensors are the main element of the entire alarm system, providing fire safety. The reliability of the detector determines, in general, the effective operation of the system, and they are divided into such types as:

Heat detectors

They react to changes in air temperature and can be divided into:

Use a heat detector only if heat is the main symptom of a fire.

Smoke detectors

They help detect the presence of smoke in the air, and they work on the principle of scattering infrared radiation on smoke particles. The disadvantage of smoke sensors is that they are able to operate even with a significant amount of dust and steam in the room. But meanwhile they are very popular, although smoke detectors are not used in smoking rooms or heavily dusty rooms.

Smoke detector OPS

Flame detectors

They work only from an open flame or a smoldering hearth. They are installed mainly in rooms where fire is possible without the initial release of smoke. They are also able to detect a fire in the initial stages, that is, in the absence of most factors, such as temperature changes and smoke. Flame detectors are used in industrial premises characterized by significant heat exchange and dust content.

OPS flame detector

These sensors are suitable for different applications because they react to smoke, heat and even gas in the air. They operate on the principle of identifying a series chemical reactions. These detectors contain particles of carbon monoxide, and the settings, working in automatic mode, can determine the ideal temperature of the monoxide, when the temperature changes, this is signaled.

OPS gas leak detector

Combined sensors

Able to detect signs of fire immediately in several ways. Basically, these are devices that have the functions of not only a smoke, but also a heat sensor, thanks to which it is possible to specifically identify signs of fire, and then notify people.

Combined OPS detector

Installation and connection of fire and security alarms

1. You must define required amount detectors. And for this you need to know the height of the ceiling of the room, as well as its area. According to the documentation, with a ceiling height of more than 3.5 meters and 80 sq. m. area, you will need one detector, but safety regulations state that even in small room at least 2 sensors must be installed. Therefore, it is best to follow these rules.

   Installation of the OPS detector

2. Where the sensors will be installed, it is necessary to designate the place. The distance from the detector to the wall should be about 450 cm, while the gap between the sensors should be approximately 900 cm. This rule is relevant for single-level ceilings With maximum height 350 cm. Wall detectors are installed at a distance of 200 mm from the ceiling.

   Wall detector OPS

3. At the initially marked places, it is necessary to fix the detectors, after which they are connected to a power source with 2-wire wires. Devices must be connected in series with each other. The resistor is installed in the block of the latest sensor.

   Connecting the detectors to the power supply

4. After you connect the last detector, they must be checked for operability. To do this, it is necessary to hold a flame from a lit match or candle near the detector.

   Checking the performance of the heat detector of the OPS system

Where and how to install fire detectors

The standards for the installation of OPS detectors are quite liberal: between the sensors it is 9 meters, from the wall - 4.5 meters. However, this placement is done solely for the sake of comfortable configuration of a particular fire system. In this regard, we can conclude that the installation and location of the detectors is a more complicated matter.

Scheme of installation of fire and security alarms

When installing sensors on walls, the distance must be at least 200 cm, otherwise they will give a false alarm, as they will be in the “smoke pocket”.

The sensitivity of the detector depends directly on the distance of the source of danger and it does not survey the entire hemisphere. In an empty room, the area monitored by the sensor depends only on the ceiling height.

By flame:

• Up to 15 sq.m. - from 6 to 9 meters;
• Up to 20 sq.m. - from 3.5 to 6 meters;
• Up to 25 sq.m. - 3.5 meters;
• More than 9 meters - it will be impossible to control, because the ignition will become a fire, and the sensor itself will not work.

• Up to 85 sq.m. - it is up to 3.5 meters;
• Up to 70 sq.m. - this is from 3.5 to 6 meters;
• Up to 65 sq.m. - it is from 6 to 10 meters;
• Up to 55 sq.m. - from 10 meters.

However exact calculation The location of the detectors needs to be simulated on a PC or by a professional.

How the notification system works

When the detectors detect a fire, the fire warning system automatically turns on. Warning systems according to their principle of operation, as well as composition are divided into:

The notification function is realized thanks to the output as well as the input interfaces. In order for the information to be displayed, alphanumeric and light indicators, as well as sound signaling devices, are used.

Possible malfunctions after installation

Improper prevention is the main cause of fire alarm failures. In other words, it is necessary to constantly carry out all preventive work. Smoke detectors often fail, as various particles and other debris enter their chamber. However, there are loop breaks or system errors that also cause malfunctions.

Considering the fire alarm system, the main problems are highlighted:

Often significant damage to fire alarms is caused by polluted and heavily dusty work areas, high humidity or heat. Also, banal reasons, for example, cable breakage, due to which the alarm can even squeak, flash, and so on, even without fire, become the cause of failure of the OPS. But the most serious cause of malfunctions is still the intervention of unskilled specialists, amateur performance, or the term of operation approaching completion.

How to remove the fire alarm yourself

If the alarm went off for no reason, then it can be completely turned off. The most elementary option is to remove power (battery) from the sensor or disconnect the control panel from the network.

Attention! In this case, the fire alarm will become useless and will not be able to warn you about a real fire.

In addition, many fire alarms are equipped with sources additional food and a button located on the sensor on the front side, which will also need to be disabled. When you press the button, the device goes into alarm mode, and the sound signal is reset automatically.

Also, the fire alarm is turned off using a centralized control panel, but for this you need to know the password. If you cannot find out the cause of the device failure, then solve the issue radically - bite the wires that go to the sensor, but in this case the device will stop working altogether and will simply resemble a decorative element.

Video: how to connect an OPS with your own hands

Human safety is a top priority, regardless of whether it is at the workplace or at home. This can be ensured by installing the OPS in combination with other devices. But in order for the alarm system to work as efficiently as possible, it is necessary to adhere to certain rules for design, installation and operation.