Any building needs exterior wall decoration. One of the most modern and practical solutions to this problem is to install aluminum panels on the facade. It is a multilayer material consisting of thin metal plates and a filler.

Aluminum panels are used in the design of industrial and public buildings, and sometimes private houses. This type of cladding has a number of advantages and disadvantages.

Let's talk in more detail about what aluminum wall panels, also called composite ones, are. The upper and lower parts of the material are sheets of aluminum with a thickness of 0.21-0.45 mm, between them there is a mineral or polymer filler.

The total thickness of the panel usually does not exceed 6 mm, width - 1.6 m, and length - 6 m. Often the material is made to order, taking into account the architectural features of the building. There are special holes on the inside of the panel to remove excess moisture.

The front layer of aluminum can be coated with a special oxide film. It protects the metal surface from mechanical damage and environmental influences. The film can be transparent or decorative, giving the material various shades - bronze, turquoise, silver, etc. It is also possible to create the effect of a mirror surface, imitation of wood or stone. More about the properties of aluminum wall panels?

Varieties

The properties of the material and its ability to withstand external influences depend on the type of topcoat and the use of various fillers. These characteristics determine the scope of the coating.

There are the following types of aluminum panels:

• front;
• universal - suitable for interior and exterior walls, decoration of billboards, shop windows, etc .;
• fire-resistant - can be used at facilities with increased fire hazard, for example, at gas stations.

Selection and application

When buying aluminum panels for the facade, it is better to purchase products that come with a profile and fasteners. Otherwise, inappropriate fasteners can lead to deformation of the finished coating and a decrease in its strength.

For the decoration of the facade, a standard material is usually sufficient. Thicker panels are required only for buildings located in areas with frequent precipitation and increased wind loads. They are made to order.

As already mentioned, aluminum panels are a versatile material that has found their application in various fields. They are used for cladding interior and exterior walls of shopping centers, small detached buildings (car washes, gas stations, pavilions, technical rooms), for creating billboards, various stands. Sometimes aluminum panels are used in cottage construction, this is especially true if you plan to decorate the house in high-tech style. More on the characteristics of the high-tech style?

Specifications

Despite the presence of metal in the composition, the weight of the panels is relatively small - about 3-7 kg / m? depending on the thickness. This allows you to use the material on almost any walls; in most cases, you can do without strengthening the foundation.

The warranty period starts from 25 years, like Alucobond facade panels, and can reach 50 years. The material can withstand temperatures from -60 to + 120 ° C (the range depends on the properties of the filler), sound absorption is in the range of 20-30 dB.

The sheets have good elasticity and can be bent 180 degrees. This allows you to clad facades of complex shapes, design arches, and make smooth bends.

Installation features

Most often, aluminum panels are used for ventilated facades. Works can be carried out at any time of the year. More about ventilated aluminum façade design?

Due to its plasticity, the material is easy to install, but in order to get a high-quality coating, you need to adhere to a number of rules:

• Use a router or jigsaw to cut panels, while securing the sheet on a clamp. When fixing, the use of rubber gaskets is mandatory.
• The frame is made vertical. It is erected from the parts included in the kit, the step between the profile is determined based on the weight of the material.
• Fasteners are used only from stainless steel.
• It is imperative to conduct a geodetic survey of the building before starting installation. According to her data, brackets for the frame are exposed.

After installing the guides, additional thermal insulation of the walls is carried out with a suitable plate insulation. A moisture and windproof film is placed on top of it.

Next, the installation of aluminum panels is carried out. They can be mounted in a hidden, open or hinged way. Work begins in the direction from the bottom up. In the first case, the panel is fixed to the racks with screws, the upper edge of one sheet is connected with the lower edge of the next one using a groove.

In the second version, the panels are applied with a slight overlap and fixed with screws. With the hinged method of installation, the sheets of material are bolted, there are rubber gaskets at the joints of the sheets. The latter option is preferable, since it simplifies the replacement of individual elements when repairing the coating.

Advantages and disadvantages

Aluminum façade panels are in demand due to their stylish look, in line with modern architectural trends. In addition to this, the material has outstanding technical characteristics.

Among the main advantages of aluminum panels are:

• long service life (up to 50 years);
• high class of fire safety;
• flexibility and plasticity;
• versatility;
• the ability to absorb noise;
• resistance to corrosion, moisture and temperature extremes;
• UV resistance, which allows the material to retain its original appearance for a long time;
• easy cleaning with water;
• many colors;
• moderate weight of material.

In contrast to the positive properties, there are several disadvantages, namely:

• The outer surface of the material is not resistant to mechanical damage, especially in the absence of an additional protective coating. Aluminum panels are easy to scratch, which affects their decorative properties. For this reason, the material is not suitable for finishing areas where increased resistance to damage is required, for example, the basement of a building.
• The cost of such panels is quite high, which is understandable, since they are distinguished by increased strength and belong to elite finishing materials.

Aluminum façade panels open up a wide range of design solutions. They meet all the requirements for modern finishing materials and will be an excellent choice for those who want to make their home more stylish. When buying high-quality aluminum panels and their professional installation, the owners can be sure that the walls of the building are reliably protected and will retain a presentable appearance for many years.

Useful video about the technology of installation of aluminum facade panels

The use of aluminum for exterior decoration of building facades has become commonplace for a long time. In addition to durability, neatness and respectable appearance, external finishing with hinged aluminum systems is perfectly combined with the technology of ventilated facades. With the growth of energy saving requirements for buildings of all classes, ventilated facades are gaining more and more popularity.

Types of aluminum facade panels

Depending on the architectural solution, the height of the building, the fire resistance class of the structure, the most suitable type of aluminum panels for the facade is selected.

The design and installation of aluminum exterior cladding is governed by building codes. An individual project is developed for each facade based on the geometric parameters of the building.

There are several types of aluminum panels and cassettes according to the method of manufacture and application:

• Aluminum composite panels or cassettes from a three-layer sheet, from two layers of aluminum with a plastic interlayer between them, with a thickness of 2.5 mm to 6 mm;
• Aluminum panels without plastic interlayer made of solid aluminum sheet, thickness from 1.5 mm to 2.5 mm: flat or volumetric aluminum cassettes;
• Perforated aluminum panels for the facade;
• Aluminum ceiling panels;
• Aluminum honeycomb panels for sound insulation;
• Aluminum panels for advertising structures and signage.

The last three types of panels are not facade, so we will not dwell on them in the article.

Regardless of the type of cassettes or facade panels, special equipment is required for their manufacture, including CNC machines.

Application of aluminum panels

Facade panels made of aluminum organically fit into a modern dynamic architectural style with laconic details. This finish is perfect for buildings of shopping malls, auto centers, entertainment and entertainment centers, as well as business centers, and even industrial buildings.

Wall aluminum panels are most often used for the construction of internal partitions or cladding, their use as an external facade decor or as independent enclosing structures is unnecessarily expensive. This niche is almost entirely occupied by wall sandwich panels with a steel outer layer.

Limitations of the scope of application of aluminum composite panels

A limitation in the use is the destructive effect of wind loads and fire safety requirements, in particular during the construction of structures of class F1.1 and F1.2 in terms of functional fire hazard. These include:

• Preschool educational organizations;
• Specialized homes for the elderly and disabled (not apartment);
• Hospitals;
• Sleeping buildings of educational organizations with the presence of a boarding school and children's organizations.

When installing ventilated facades, the issue is considered comprehensively, the use of basalt insulation in the project prevents the spread of fire.

The Federal Law "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements" prohibits the use of aluminum panels for class A and B explosive and fire hazardous structures, in particular for gas stations.

Exceptional features of the use of perforated cassettes: media façade

Perforated cassettes on the facade are a new architectural trend that is gaining momentum, actively using the effect of light and shade and surface transmission. The effect of volumetric media facades is achieved by multi-level and multi-plane ice illumination. The contrast of perforation without illumination against the background of blank concrete walls is also interesting.

The perforated facade is also found in sports facilities. Some stadiums in Russia have decor on the facade - perforation in the form of a running person or other athletes.

Aluminum panel decors

The composite sheet has a durable exterior paint in bright saturated, or vice versa, soft pastel colors.

The most common panels for aluminum facades are light gray silver in color, with a metallized sheen. This color is produced by the majority of Russian, European and Asian manufacturers. Due to the fact that the outer aluminum sheet is painted before thermal bonding of all layers, in order to order a different shade, you need to familiarize yourself with the manufacturer's color catalog. Non-standard painting is also possible if it is supposed to order a large (usually over 500 sq. M.) Amount of material. Color catalogs from different manufacturers differ in the degree of gloss and shades, you should order the entire volume from one supplier. The type of surface depends on the method of applying the finishing layer:

• Monochrome painting is carried out on the basis of PVDF and PE-polymer structure based on polyester varnish. Such coatings contain synthetic fluorocarbon or fluorocarbon resins of increased strength;
• For the "mirror metallic" effect, an additional layer of oxide film is used;
• Metallized surfaces are achieved by electrochemical anodizing, such a surface is often used in interior decoration to create mirror-like "silver" and "gold" surfaces.

The external finishing of aluminum panels in the form of brushing looks impressive, small marks on a dull gray background create the illusion of stainless steel.

Composite aluminum sheet for facade panels can have an outer surface imitating:

• Valuable wood species;
• Polished granite or marble;
• Fancy non-geometric ornament.

Depending on the difference in the application of the outer coating, its service life differs:

• Polymer PVDF and PE painting - 20-25 years;
• Chemical anodizing - 15-20 years;
• Decors with imitation stone or wood - 15-20 years.

During this period, the surface of the facade aluminum panels is guaranteed not to fade or change color. The paintwork will last longer, but may slightly lose the brightness of the shades.

Aluminum panel production

The production of facade panels from a solid or composite sheet is based on the use of an aluminum building alloy.

How aluminum sheet is made

The aluminum building sheet is produced by hot and cold rolling followed by annealing. For manufacturing, an alloy with a high content of manganese AMg6 is used. This provides the required rigidity to the finished product.

Depending on the final decor, the sheet is electrochemically applied with a galvanic coating with a thickness of up to 14 Mk for subsequent powder painting and application with a paint-and-lacquer layer. In order to preserve the visible structure of the metal, the anodized layer is applied up to 40-60 Mk thick, followed by protection with a special varnish.

The painted sheet is supplied in separate sheets, usually 1500X2500, 3000 mm. The aluminum composite sheet has more efficient dimensions, 1200, 1250x6500 mm, which minimizes waste when cutting. An exception is the Chinese material, which is supplied by sea, its dimensions are limited by the dimensions of the sea container.

Composite aluminum sheet consists of two plates of aluminum alloy, with a thickness of 0.25 mm to 0.5 mm, with a thermally glued and pressed plastic interlayer between them. The front surface is painted before the plates are connected to each other and is protected for ease of transportation with a protective PVC film, often with the manufacturer's logo. The film is not removed even when cutting the sheet; already finished products are freed from it.

Often, with an abundance of identical sizes in production conditions, only the cutting of blanks is performed, so it is more convenient to take out the cassettes for installation, and the final assembly in a box with edge flanges is carried out directly at the facility, where a production mini-section is equipped for these purposes.

Stages of production of aluminum cassettes

The production of aluminum cassettes begins with the calculation of the required amount of material for the implementation of a specific project. For this, the area of ​​all facades is calculated, excluding the area of ​​window and door openings. When assessing the required amount of aluminum sheet, it is taken into account that the cassette cladding lags behind the facade surface by at least 100 mm. The size of the flanges and the cutting of the sheet are also taken into account.

To create a presentable look and increase the flow of customers, each company and shopping center is trying to give the facade an original stylish look. Of modern materials, aluminum panels are most suitable for this purpose. They protect the walls of the building from wind and moisture. The variety of colors and 3D patterns allows you to combine and create a unique look that will attract visitors and create a brand for the company.

Composite panels made of aluminum and polymers

We call composite panels for wall cladding simply - aluminum panels, based on the outer material. In fact, the inner layer of polymers and mineral additives between thin sheets of metal is more than half the thickness. The table shows examples of the most common aluminum panels.

Composite panels represent a multi-layer structure of adhesives, decorative and facing materials.

1. Transparent matt or glossy protective film for the outer cover.
2. Varnish or paint applied to a primer on the front side and a primer varnish, usually anti-corrosion on the side of the wall.
3. Laminated aluminum sheet.
4. Smoothing layer of primer.
5. Glue.
6. Extruded polyethylene with mineral and other additives.

Aluminum panels lend themselves well to processing. Therefore, in addition to painting, composite materials for walls are decorated with the help of grinding, electroplating, and embossing. The finished panel can be folded. The minimum radius determines the thickness of the sheet, multiplied by 2. This makes it possible to finish facades with curved walls and round columns.

They do not burn in fire, they are not afraid of water, they live long

Aluminum Wall Panels

Among metals, aluminum stands out for its low specific gravity and resistance to moisture. Pure metal upon contact with atmospheric oxygen is covered with a thin oxide layer. This film is several microns - thousandths of a millimeter, has a high hardness and completely protects aluminum from interaction with various substances. As a result, even acids with short exposure cannot damage aluminum.

Composite materials for aluminum walls have advantages over similar materials based on wood waste and polyvinyl chloride:

• do not burn or sustain combustion;
• do not emit harmful substances;
• waterproof;
• durable;
• resistant to abrasion;
• lungs;
• easy to process and cut;
• decorated with thermal printing;
• suitable for finishing the facades of buildings of any configuration and height;
• service life is more than 50 years without deformation.

A large selection of colors and patterns, the ability to combine, allow you to create a unique finish for walls, ceilings and facades.

Decoration of ventilated facades of high-rise buildings and public buildings

Aluminum is breathable. Cladding is done only on ventilated facades. Composite slabs protect walls from wind and noise, even if they are 4 mm thick. Rain and sun will not be able to penetrate the multi-layer cladding material, and the facade will stand unscathed for a long time. This increases the time between repairs several times.

High strength and low weight have made aluminum composite panels an excellent material for high-rise buildings. The sheet is simply attached to the wall with self-tapping screws and using clamps and clips. You can just nail it through with nails. In this case, expansion washers and spacers are used to provide a ventilation gap between the wall and the slab.

Suspended facade structures are mounted on a special galvanized profile. This method allows the team to make the cladding of a multi-storey building in a few days. I make a private house with aligned walls with my assistant in 10 - 12 hours.

Designed for wall cladding, the 6 - 8 mm thick aluminum composite panels were liked by advertisers. Large billboards can be seen on the side of the road, near the shopping center and inside the office. Some online stores are focused exclusively on clients creating outdoor advertisements.

Unique view of sales areas, offices and metro stations

Using aluminum panels for interior decoration

Take a closer look at the buildings, the appearance of which is distinguished by originality. Many got their wonderful look thanks to the designers and the aluminum finish. The composite material amazes with the richness of colors, textures and wall shapes. The thickness and weight of the material are invisible. Facades bend against the laws of standard construction and float above the ground.

Lightweight composite boards are used to decorate offices and sales areas. Aluminum paneling can be seen at some Moscow metro stations. Exhibitions and business centers use light metal materials for advertising and information boards. Wall cladding looks fantastic if the designers have taken advantage of the unlimited possibilities of composite panels.

3D drawings are applied to aluminum composite panels using electroplating, milling and bending. Even fragmentary use transforms the interior, makes it stylish. Partitions are made of plates with a double-sided pattern, the thickness of which is 6 mm. In addition to the aesthetic appearance, thin walls significantly save space and absorb sound.

Wall panels in the interior of bathrooms and kitchens

Zero vapor permeability prevents the entire bathroom walls from being covered with aluminum slabs. They can replace the tiles in the shower room, protect the walls above the font and washbasins from splashing. If you want to make a beautiful bathroom with the help of wonderful material, then install strong forced ventilation. It will provide adequate ventilation in a damp room. Likewise, the toilet will get rid of odors.

In the kitchen, an apron made of aluminum sheet with a pattern applied to it using digital printing or stencil ornament will look great. Usually, the walls, to which the stove and the rest of the kitchen equipment are attached, are lined with moisture-resistant materials. The rest are painted or decorated in another way.

Aluminum ceiling panels and cassettes

Examples of facades made of aluminum-composite panels

Facade made of aluminum-composite panels

The Alucom company designs, manufactures and supplies suspended ventilated facades (RVF) for administrative and office buildings, business centers, residential buildings, buildings of state and municipal institutions, industrial and civil facilities.

Aluminum systems for facades are made for a specific type of facing material, therefore, for the installation of composite panels, a facade system has been developed and manufactured that takes into account the weight and dimensions of this type of facing - the Alucom KP system, which is designed for fastening aluminum, composite, copper or aluminum-zinc cassettes, which are made from sheet material with a thickness of 2 to 10 mm.

Aluminum substructure Alucom KP is used for cladding objects of any shape, to create any geometric shapes. The range of distance from the wall is from 40 to 350 mm. Convenience of installation is added by movable elements for fastening cassettes.

Aluminum Composite Panel (ACP) is a three-layer sheet material that consists of two aluminum sheets. Between the sheets there is a polymer composite material, to which a low-combustible filler with a fire retardant is added.

The construction of a ventilated facade made of aluminum-composite panels can be elegant from an architectural and design point of view. The ventilated facade made of aluminum-composite panels is robust and weighs 10-11 kg per m².

Aluminum composite façade panels are flexible and can be used to clad oval and cylindrical reliefs. The aluminum composite hinged ventilated façade requires little maintenance and will confidently retain its color for decades.

Facade cladding options with aluminum composite panels

Advantages of Aluminum Composite Panel Facade

Aluminum composite panels are unique in technology, and having a multi-layer structure, they do not burn, break and do not crack upon impact. They consist of several layers, but the basis of the sheet is aluminum.

The advantages of facades made of aluminum-composite material are undoubtedly:

• high protective properties,
• anti-corrosion,
• soundproofing,
• durability,
• strength.

When installing the facade and cladding with aluminum composite panels, ACP can be ordered in any color according to the NCS scale, including the colors of the "metallic" group, painting imitating wood, granite and other materials.

The appearance and colors of the aluminum-composite panel are selected at the request and requirements of the customer.

Completed objects with a facade made of aluminum-composite panels

Facade systems Alucom for fixing aluminum-composite panels

Order a facade system for aluminum composite panels

At first glance, aluminum wall panels may not attract buyers. Yes, metal structures have always been considered massive and rough, so they were never used in finishing work. Manufacturers today are ready to change the mind of buyers. They offer a wide assortment that allows you to make an excellent choice for a project of any complexity.

Aluminum panels for exterior decoration

First of all, you need to talk about the exterior decoration of the house. According to buyers, decorative aluminum panels cannot provide protection and thermal insulation. Still, the metal always remains cold, which means that the facade will receive only additional aesthetic beauty.

In fact, the technology of mounting materials involves the use of special profiles. They allow you to use foam or expanded polystyrene in advance, which will remain invisible under the amazing shiny surface. This will significantly increase the thermal insulation in the house.

It is interesting that professional builders always remind that from this point of view, metal is much more useful. If necessary, the panels can always be dismantled without damage in order to carry out a major overhaul. If traditional plaster is applied to the thermal insulation material, it will remain intact for the rest of its life.

Aluminum panels for interior decoration

Sometimes aluminum panels are used at home

In modern apartment interiors, you can often find decorative aluminum panels with two-color anodizing. Outwardly, they do not betray themselves in any way, so the metal surface is recognized only after touching. Are such projects really popular? Of course, new style directions include such wall decoration, especially since it has a couple of important advantages.

When panels are used in the interior, you can always hide various engineering communications under them. Moreover, this is done even for water supply and heating systems, since aluminum is almost not subject to corrosion. As a result of such work, without additional surface preparation, it is possible to hide individual elements that often remain in sight.

Also, aluminum wall panels have amazing beauty. Even a flat multi-colored surface allows you to add attractive details to your interior design. Brightness and ease of cleaning fascinates people, prompting them with ample opportunities in decoration. Moreover, the manufacturers even offered original drawings that help to abandon the decor in the room.

Finally, designers allow interesting variations when working with three-dimensional panel surfaces. Similar options were encountered back in Soviet times, and today they have turned into an amazing addition to the modern style of interiors. In the assortment of major manufacturers, you can find many different types of 3D textures that completely fill the walls in various rooms. They have proven to be an important innovation that has changed the way many professional designers work.

Nobody thought that solid aluminum panels would push the boundaries of finishing work. It would seem that metal is not suitable for creating a comfortable atmosphere or keeping the house warm. However, the completed projects confirm the claims of manufacturers who managed to combine ease of installation, durability and amazing beauty. Because of this, today it is worth taking seriously the panels, because with their help you can categorically change the interior or facade in any house, spending a minimum of money.

Composite panels installation video

Check out the video on the installation of aluminum composite panels:

The aluminum facade has several functions, besides decorative: decorative and protective, and insulation, ventilation. Not only presentable, but also very technological, they are gradually replacing the typical urban dullness and serve as an integral feature of modern urban planning, forming a completely new type of municipal architecture.

System design

Fastening methods

Ventilated systems are expected to provide decent aesthetics and provide a reliable barrier against external factors, therefore, the fastening systems must have a margin of safety and corrosion resistance. For fixing, visible and hidden types of fasteners are used, the latter of which are somewhat more expensive and more presentable.

• Visible mounts ... Once installed, the panels remain visible. These include rivets, clamps, self-tapping screws with a rubber gasket. The raw material for the manufacture of clamps is stainless steel. They are matched to the color of the cladding or additionally painted. The rivets are practical for the installation of lightweight materials, are made of aluminum or alloy steel and are installed according to the marking. Stainless self-tapping screws are used for high wind loads. They are also matched to the color.
• Hidden mounts ... Often they imply the use of additional elements: strips, collet anchors, anchor dowels, hidden clamps, etc. The fastening itself can be performed by glue, mechanical or combined methods. Fasteners are installed on the end of the panels or on the inside. Used to install composite panels. Closed fastening methods include installation "through a lock". When using insulation boards, they are fixed to the walls with wide-brimmed dowels with a plastic, glass-nylon or metal rod.

Bracket types

Carrying out a load-bearing function, the brackets are under constant static load. During periods of strong winds, they also have to cope with multidirectional dynamic loads. That is why the strength of the facade is directly dependent on the correct assembly and installation of brackets on the wall. The material for their manufacture is aluminum or galvanized steel.

The bracket consists of fixed and movable parts. A gasket is installed under the fixed part to prevent the formation of a temperature bridge, and a profile is attached to the moving part connected to the fixed bolt. The length of the bracket is selected depending on the curvature of the walls and the thickness of the insulation layer. Long brackets require reinforcement such as washers to increase rigidity.

When static loads are high and continuous, special brackets with a high stiffening rib are recommended for installation, which provides increased load-bearing capacity, and for low loads, less expensive support brackets can be used along with load-bearing hangers.

Aluminum alloy profiles

Profiles are one of the basic elements of most composite systems and, along with brackets, form a supporting frame that serves to level the plane, create an air gap and fix the cladding. A profile with a wall thickness of 1.2-2 mm is considered reliable. There is a 0.9 mm profile, but its use is justified only when it is subject to minimal loads.

In order to avoid damage by corrosion in the places of cuts and holes, where the integrity of the zinc layer of steel profiles is violated, it is recommended to treat the opened area with a protective compound.

• L-shaped - is one of the main types of profile for creating vertical and horizontal sheathing systems. Attaches to brackets and transfers the load to them. When installing the panels, it performs a guiding function. Can be used independently without vertical pattern profiles.
• Z-shaped - suitable for interior and exterior corners, abutments. Indispensable when decorating balconies, door and window openings. With a narrow edge, it is installed on a horizontally lying profile.
• Hat - the most common basic vertical profile, mounted on brackets. The cross-sectional shape resembles a wide-brimmed hat.
• U-shaped - a type of hat profile for vertical-horizontal systems. Installed on a U-shaped bracket or on stainless rivets 4x8-10 mm over a horizontal profile. Used for fixing clamps, etc.
• T-shaped - additional fastening profile for assembling subsystems.
• C-shaped - an auxiliary type of fastening guide profile used in individual subsystems.

Thermal insulation boards

The ventilation façade device assumes unhindered air circulation from the inside to the outside and from the outside to the inside. Also, the heat insulator must pass steam at the rate of at least 1 l / m 2 ... In view of this, the use of polystyrene and polystyrene foam for arranging a ventilation facade looks questionable. Due to the fact that the insulation should adhere to the wall as tightly as possible, not deform under the weight of its own weight, insulation with roll materials can also create difficulties. In the case of using glass wool, there is a possibility of waterlogging and subsequent sagging, which will lead to a violation of heat transfer and overlap of the air gap.

The most suitable means of insulating ventilation facades is stone fiber mineral wool, produced in slabs, since the air flow in the system must be free, the content of phenols and formaldehydes is not allowed in the "breathing" insulation. The mineral wool is laid in one or two layers with filling all the cracks, especially in the places where the brackets exit. Single-layer insulation assumes a slab density of at least 80 kg / m 3 ... When insulating in two layers, you should pay attention to the overlapping of the joints of the slabs of the inner layer with the outer slabs.

The choice of the method of fixing the slabs can be influenced by the height of the structure. If it does not exceed 8 m, then glue can be used to fix them. When the subsystem is higher, the plates are fastened with dowels with driven rods.

Protective membrane sheet

The insulation installed on the load-bearing wall requires protection from water and wind, for which it is protected with a vapor-permeable membrane that prevents moisture from entering from the outside, but does not interfere with its free evaporation from the plate itself and the wall. Thus, moisture is passed in only one direction, which excludes oversaturation of the heat insulator and deterioration of its properties.

A moisture barrier is necessary to prolong the life of the system as a whole, since metal structures are less susceptible to rusting due to the removal of water.

The use of a vapor-permeable membrane is not necessary only when boards with a high level of hydrophobization are used for thermal insulation. In other cases, a membrane must be used, which must be chemically inert and environmentally friendly.

Air gap

• The size of the gap in the ventilation facade is not chosen by chance, but must comply with the design standards, taking into account the heat transfer resistance indicator, temperatures at the inlet and outlet of the system and the density of heat penetration through the system. When determining it, one should be guided by SNiP 11-3-79 with amendment No. 3.
• The type of building and its location also affect the size of the gap. Although a significant air gap can compensate for the curvature of the walls, do not forget that technological extremes in the choice of the air gap will necessarily affect the functionality of the ventilation facade.
• An excessively large gap can cause whistling and hum during strong winds blowing in one direction. This also happens when unreasonably long brackets or mineral wool with a density lower than recommended are used.
• The optimum average air gap is close to 25 mm.

Cladding materials

Composite slabs

In addition to cladding, this material is used for interior decoration of buildings for commercial and public use: train stations, cinemas, car dealerships, shopping centers, medical facilities, etc. The thickness of the panels varies within 2-5 mm.

Composite panelsis called a multi-layer structure based on sheets, which includes:

• corrosion protection layer;
• a primer coat to prevent rusting;
• the first aluminum sheet;
• a layer of a polymer composition;
• a second aluminum sheet;
• primer layer;
• paintwork;
• protective film.

Weight 1 m 2 composite panels in the range of 3-8 kg. The material does not belong to the group of heat-insulating materials, but is designed to increase the efficiency of heat transfer and balance the temperatures of the outer and inner layers. This is another reason why the installation of a thermal insulation pad between the brackets of the frame system and the wall is a prerequisite for installation. Due to the inclusion of fire retardants in the structural layers, the panels have fire resistance, the degree of which is determined by the percentage of fire retardant substance. The length of the panels is from 244 cm to 5.8 m with a width of 120-155 cm.

Facade cassettes

Rectangular and square cassettes are produced from sheet aluminum. They are characterized by curved edges and shelves for installation on the frame in a hidden way. Dimensions are determined based on the conditions of a specific project. The production of such elements is possible only at a factory in a closed cycle. As a result of stamping, cassettes with a thickness of 0.5-1.5 mm are obtained.

Like panels, metal cassettes are suitable for exterior and interior decoration. They are often used to improve new and reconstructed industrial buildings, sports complexes, and trade facilities. They are distinguished by ideal geometry and a large variety of colors. The presence of special additives in the composition of the polymer applied to the aluminum provides protection against the destructive effect of UV rays. For cladding made of cassettes, the following are characteristic:

• durability;
• corrosion resistance;
• color retention in the sun;
• ease;
• environmental friendliness.

Composite cost

Average calculation of materials
Work	Composite
subsystem	530
insulation 50 mm	220
cladding	520
slopes, ebb **	165
parapet	280
milling	250
assembly	100
TOTAL	2065
Turnkey calculation (Works + Materials)
	Composite
TOTAL	4120

Note:
* Dowel in concrete, brick, stainless steel rivets
** Average price, can vary from 0 to 350 rubles.

Pros of panels

Facade coatings have more than a dozen advantages of varying significance. Here are just the main ones.

• High-quality waterproofing, excluding the contact of walls and insulation with moisture.
• Non-combustibility provided by fire-safe fillers, which allows their use for arranging gas stations.
• Simple and rare maintenance, the essence of which is to use the water jet directed at the panels to wash.
• No stress on the foundation due to its low weight.
• Long-term color retention in the open sun.
• A wide range of finishing options and the ability to match colors.
• Changing the shape of the panel after additional processing.
• Installation at any time of the year.
• Resistant to cracking.
• Manufacturing for the desired size.
• Payback within 5-6 years.
• Service life depending on climate 30-50 years.
• Guaranteed use for 25 years.

Cons of composite panels

The list of negative points is not so extensive and will help form a more objective picture of the product used.

• Panels classified as class G4 in terms of flammability are not allowed to be used for the arrangement of residential buildings, educational and medical facilities.
• Are prone to scratches from sharp objects and cannot cope with powerful impacts.
• Require precise calculations and adherence to technical standards.
• Limited use cases.
• Relatively high cost.

Technical properties

1. Moisture protection. The system is designed so that the dew point is located outside, due to which the condensed moisture is directed to the drainage, without reaching the insulation and even more so the surface of the load-bearing walls.
2. Thermal insulation. Heating costs are reduced, and the thickness of the load-bearing walls of new buildings is reduced without increasing the load on the foundation.
3. Soundproofing. The composite system doubles sound insulation by blocking out sounds in a wide frequency range.
4. Vapor diffusion. Excess steam generated in the room is easily discharged through the wall and does not accumulate inside the walls and materials.
5. Compensation of thermal deformations. The ventilation facade installation scheme excludes the occurrence of stresses caused by fluctuations in daily and seasonal temperatures.
6. Fire safety. Most of the ventilation façade structures are made of materials that do not contribute to the spread of flame.

Important! With equal rigidity, the composite panel is 1.6 times lighter than sheet aluminum. In terms of soundproofing properties, panels made of composite materials are superior to metal ones, because the inner layer of resins is less dense and efficiently absorbs sound vibrations.

System arrangement

In general, the ventilation facade device looks like this.

• Fastening system. It forms a subsystem consisting of brackets, thermal insulating gaskets, various types of bearing profiles, and fasteners.
• Insulation layer. Formed by mats of high density mineral wool. A prerequisite for insulation is all-season vapor permeability.
• Waterproof membrane. Fastened over the insulation and protects it from the accumulation of precipitation, moisture from the air and somewhat slows down the air circulation in the system.
• Air gap. This is the estimated distance between the insulation and the cladding panel. Provides normal thermoregulation and removal of water vapor to the outside.
• Finishing (front) finishing. Panel with a selected design, protected with a primer and paint coat. Ultimately, the outer panel determines the visual appeal of the building and its architectural forms.

Editing technologies

The assembly of the composite system is carried out at any time of the year. Installation should be carried out in stages in this sequence.

1. Marking for brackets. This requires the determination and precise observance of the vertical distances between adjacent mounting points of the brackets, which should not exceed 75-100 cm.
2. Installation of brackets. The horizontal spacing is determined by the geometry of the slabs to be mounted. An insulating gasket is placed under the bracket, and an anchor bolt is used for fixing.
3. Profile installation. First of all, the starting profile is installed, and then the profile is mounted near the windows for ebb and flow.
4. Insulation installation. Laying is carried out without gaps from the bottom up, with support on the starting profile of the horizontal position. If necessary, the slabs are carefully trimmed. For fastening the insulation, plastic dowels are used.
5. Fastening the membrane. The canvases are laid with an overlap, after which they are glued together. At this stage, it is possible to install additional dowels already through the membrane. This ensures a snug fit to the mats.
6. Installation of the supporting profile. Horizontal and vertical elements are used, which are screwed to the brackets. The final fastening is carried out only after the profile has been leveled with a deviation of no more than 2 mm per 10 m length. The abutting profile strips must be separated by a gap of up to 10 mm to compensate for thermal expansion.
7. Installation of cladding. Composite systems are fastened according to the type of subsystem in an open or hidden way using appropriate hardware. Installation starts from the bottom row, starting from the starting profile. Adjacent panels must be separated from each other by allowable gaps and thermal compensation seams.