Sloping roof: the possibilities and device of an unusual design. How to make a sloping roof with your own hands, drawings, video

When building a house, a significant part of the attention is paid not only to its appearance, but also to its functionality. It is unlikely that anyone would want to lose the interior space, because funds are also spent on its construction. With a roof with two slopes, it is definitely possible to equip the attic floor, but even more additional space will appear if you follow the instructions for making a broken gable roof with your own hands, although this design will be more difficult to build.

Roof design

In order for the space formed under the roof to be comfortably used as a living space, the minimum recommended width of the house is six meters.

A sloping roof must be provided at the design stage of the house, because it will require additional strengthening of the walls. Yes, brick gas silicate blocks or foam concrete will require the pouring of a reinforcing belt, into which threaded studs are pre-laid. Their step is one and a half to two meters.

Scheme of a broken gable roof

Before starting work, you need to decide on two questions:

What is the ratio of the parts of the slopes? This setting will affect the height of the interior space.
Will skylights be installed and if so, what is the location? With a large number of rooms, they will help to organize the correct natural lighting.

After that, you can proceed to the calculations:

The amount of material for the roof.
Thickness and volume of insulation.
Waterproofing (determined by the dimensions of the roof).
The required amount of wood for rafters.
fasteners.

To make the task easier, you can use the found standard project roofs. If you have the skills of a designer, then you can independently make a detailed drawing. In the calculation of the truss system, namely the pitch and section of the beams, specially designed programs will help. They are based on what kind of roofing material you are going to use, what loads will be on the roof, what area of construction and others.

Work materials

Rafters - the main structural element. As legs and braces, it is recommended to use a high-quality timber with a section of 5x10 cm. You will also need edged boards with a minimum thickness of 3 cm.
Mauerlat - support for rafters. It will be good to use a beam with a section of 25x25 cm.

Coniferous wood is well suited for organizing a truss system. But it must be dried to a moisture content of no more than 22 percent. A sloping roof differs from a simple gable roof in greater weight. Due to this, the material will need more massive.

Instructions for the construction of the truss system

The tools used are standard, as for any carpentry work. You will also need a ladder and safety equipment.

Before starting the assembly, it is necessary to treat all the wood with special antiseptics, as well as impregnate it with a fire-fighting solution. These works are carried out in accordance with the instructions on the packages. And in order to ensure a deeper penetration of solutions into the material, it is better to process all elements of the truss system twice. Next, you need to let the wood dry before starting further assembly. You should also process the laths of the battens and counter-battens. Another preparatory work is drilling holes in the Mauerlat bars. Their step should correspond to the step of the studs installed on the walls.

Calculation of the truss system of a broken gable roof

In principle, the truss system can be considered as modularly connected sections, which are expedient to be assembled on the ground, and only then raised to the roof and carried out further installation according to the drawing. This will make the job easier. The upper and lower rafter legs are connected to each other at a selected angle. In order not to disturb the overall geometry of the roof, it is necessary to monitor their exact cut, as well as observe the dimensions of all parts. This will affect safe installation roofing cake. To simplify the work, you can prepare templates. They are performed using metal or plywood, in accordance with the project.

Stages of work

On the bearing walls buildings, it is necessary to lay the roofing material in one or two layers. It will perform waterproofing protection.
Then proceed to the installation of the Mauerlat. The beams are fastened to the studs using nuts.

The installation of Mauerlat beams must be carried out, observing strict parallelism between them.

If the house is made of wood, the upper beam or log will serve as the Mauerlat, according to the material of the building.

When all work with the installation of the truss system is completed, you can proceed to the next stage in the formation of the roofing pie - laying heat, steam and waterproofing.

Layered image of a roofing cake

The vapor barrier film is attached from the inside of the room. Metal staples work well for this. It is important to maintain uniform tension of the material.
Mineral wool or expanded polystyrene can be used as a heater. Their installation is carried out between the rafter legs.
Laying waterproofing is the final stage, it is carried out with an overlap in several layers. This will help minimize the risk of leakage.

The waterproofing material may sag, but no more than two centimeters.

Further work can be described as roofing:

When the waterproofing film is laid, proceed to the installation of the crate. The determination of the spacing of the rails depends on the type of roofing used in the construction. For the convenience of work, it is made in 30-35 cm, subject to the use of hard materials. But for a soft roofing, a solid crate made of plywood sheets or OSB boards is better suited.
The slats must be positioned in a straight line so that after, when laying the roofing material, there are no problems.
Features of laying roofing for a broken line gable roof No, therefore, the work is carried out in accordance with the selected material.

Building experience should be decisive when creating a broken gable roof with your own hands. Its design can be quite complicated for a beginner.
It is better not to use heavy roofing material for an already heavy structure. Because of this requirement, shingles will have to be abandoned in favor of existing alternatives - for example, bituminous or metal shingles.
Ventilation of the roofing pie is a prerequisite for proper installation. Purges are installed in the roof and in the ridge part.
The resulting under-roof space is perfect for organizing an attic. And if you plan to have living quarters there, then it is especially necessary to carefully approach the issue of its insulation. The thickness of the material must be selected in accordance with the requirements of the joint venture. This parameter is selected depending on the construction area.
Also, do not save on vapor barrier material. High-quality products will help create a comfortable environment in a residential area.

Do-it-yourself sloping gable roof: truss system, step by step installation and etc

Design and step by step manufacturing broken two-cascade roof, tips for choosing building materials.

Sloping roof - device, options, installation instructions

Owners of private houses consider every detail of their home: the type of foundation, facade decoration and the shape of the roof. The mansard sloping roof is one of the most popular designs of this part of the building.

Device

The truss system of a gable sloping roof is different from others large quantity fractures on slopes. It is believed that this is one of the most beautiful forms, but, at the same time, and, like the hip, is quite expensive. It is equipped for houses in which a residential or non-residential attic is planned.

Structural elements

Features of the truss system:

Unlike the classic gable roof, this model has special stiffening ribs. These racks provide strength to the roof and create smooth walls inside the attic;

Rafter system with headstock

A headstock must be installed between the hanging rafters and the puff. It guarantees tightening rigidity and creates additional support;

Scheme without headstock

In turn, struts are mounted between the uprights (they are also called contractions) and the layered rafters (which shape the roof). They are also stiffeners, but for internal system rafters - racks;
A broken half-hipped roof can also be hipped. The number of slopes depends on the height of the racks - the higher they are, the more kinks. A four-pitched roof is more convenient to use;

The difference between a gable and a four-pitched sloping roof

The angle of inclination cannot be less than 15 degrees. A single-pitched, two or more sloping roof must necessarily have a good slope for proper precipitation drainage. Otherwise, a house or extension with this type of roof will be constantly heated.

Experts recommend choosing coniferous wood as materials for the truss system of a private house. Such beams withstand sudden changes in temperature, resist moisture and snow, and also have excellent antiseptic properties.

Roof options

Types of broken roofs for private buildings:

Square. Here, a right triangle is formed between the layered rafters and racks. The internal section of the attic resembles a square, from where the scheme got its name. Perfect option for houses with a small area and the ability to equip a high attic. This option is ideal for a gazebo or a small frame house;

Square sloping roof design

Rectangular. This type of construction involves an increase in the eaves overhang due to wider slopes and floor beams. This option is suitable if the house has a large square. To prevent deformation of the layered rafters, the struts are strengthened with small racks. This is how both residential houses and country houses, i.e., seasonal ones, are designed;

An example of a rectangular system

Combined. This scheme combines the design features of the previous ones. As additional supports, beams of props and layered rafters can be installed. The grandmother is often strengthened. The system is used for large residential attics. The main convenience of this design is strength, so that turrets or domes can be installed on the surface of the roof. In this way, a cottage or a country house with a veranda is often designed;
Three-sided and more. The nodes of the pediment in this design are additionally reinforced with special elements, because otherwise they may be deformed. The main difference between this design and the classic broken line is the presence of special reinforced ridge runs. Also here there are diagonal rafters, which are much larger than the slanting ones. This type of construction is used for a brick building, a structure made of timber or blocks. Thanks to this installation scheme, you can make an interesting attic interior with a sloping roof.

Sloped roof attic interior

In addition, a broken roof can be used for any utility rooms (garage, baths) and houses with built-in rooms (verandas, greenhouses, etc.).

Before starting work, you need to make drawings of a sloping roof. Various options with a balcony, windows and other elements is freely available on the Internet, in dwg format, for example. It should be borne in mind that this is a modular design, its nodes require an appropriate connection. Brackets are used to attach the beams to each other. To calculate fasteners, you will also need a drawing and a technological map.

Sloped roof drawing with window Professional drawing example

Step by step instructions on how to do it yourself broken roof:

First, the Mauerlat and floor beams are mounted. They will serve as the ceiling for the lower floor. Before installation, they must be treated with an antiseptic to protect against moisture and microorganisms;
A vapor barrier and waterproofing are installed under the wooden slope. These measures are needed to protect the ceiling from condensation from the house and possible moisture under the racks;
Depending on which layout is chosen, you need to think over the dimensions of the racks in advance. As a standard, they are 10 cm higher than the required ceiling height, because after installing the truss system, internal finishing will be carried out;
It should be noted that the size uprights will depend on the slope of the entire roof. Therefore, select their height so that the roof is at an angle of 15 degrees or more. Otherwise, it will be difficult to drain liquid from it;

Step by step instructions with photo

Next, the racks are installed. Their construction involves the installation of vertical beams with temporary struts, which are removed after the installation of the top floor and headstock. Otherwise, the structure will be deformed and the roof scheme will be broken;
Floor boards are installed above the racks. To connect the upper floor and vertical beams, special corner braces are used. To install the headstock, the lower horizontal boards are additionally reinforced with crossbars. They guarantee the rigidity of the temporary installation;
After that, the required distance between the lower rafters is calculated. This can be done based on the material with which the roof will overlap, or using standard values. Experts recommend using a step of 1 meter if the area is large - 1.2. They must be built into vertical posts;
Laminated rafters should hang over the walls somewhat. This will help provide additional protection for a log house or foam blocks from the effects of rain and snow. At the end of the installation, the cornice is hemmed. To do this, you can use plastic siding for a log house, corrugated board or wooden boards;
When fastening is completed, temporary crossbars are replaced with permanent brackets.

The cost of installing a truss system by professionals varies from 1000 USD. e. up to ten. It all depends on the chosen design and size of the house.

Warming and finishing

After the installation work is completed, the attic with a sloping roof is insulated and finished. Thermal insulation technology is similar to other types of roof structures. First, a vapor barrier film is laid on the beams, and waterproofing is laid on top of it. These surfaces are fastened with an overlap, installation is carried out using thin small nails.

Roof waterproofing

For insulation, pressed mineral wool, polystyrene foam, penoizol and other materials can be used. The installation of the heat insulator is carried out in such a way that when it is installed, the gaps between the beams remain visible - this will help with further finishing.

The sloping roof is finished depending on what material was chosen for the coating. Now ondulin is very popular - it perfectly tolerates temperature changes and exposure to ultraviolet rays. The cheapest and most affordable option is slate. But the easiest way to work on a sloping roof is with metal tile panels - this design requires constant trimming of the coating, but this is not necessary with tiles.

Do-it-yourself sloping roof: photo, video

Do-it-yourself sloping roof: device, options, installation. Warming and finishing. Broken mansard roof. Photos, videos, drawings.

Do-it-yourself sloping roof

1 How to choose the angle of inclination
2 Drafting
3 material
4 Stages of construction
5 Lathing and roofing cake

Among the variety of roof structures special place occupied by a broken gable roof. Its peculiarity is in dividing the slope into several planes, which makes it possible to use the space under the roof for an attic device. Having a room under the roof will reduce the overall heat loss of the house. Do-it-yourself sloping roof can be properly built only if there are competent calculations and following all the standards during construction.

How to choose the angle of inclination

Mansard roof pitch

When choosing the angle at which the roof slopes are installed, it is necessary to consider:

type of roofing;
rainfall and wind strength;
purpose of the room - for living quarters, the height of the ridge should not be placed below 2.5 meters.

The optimal value for the upper slopes is 30-45 degrees, for the lower - 60 degrees.

Drafting a project

Sloped roof project

Any construction begins with a drawing, and such a complex structure as a sloping roof will require drawing up detailed diagram with all sizes and calculations. You can start work by viewing photos and diagrams that will help you understand how to build a sloping roof structure. Knowing the dimensions of the building, the type of roofing and insulation material, it is possible to calculate the dimensions of the components for the truss system using special calculators.

The consumption of material for roofing, as well as waterproofing, is calculated by the size of the roof area, which is calculated by adding the value of all slopes. The insulation layer for the mansard roof should be at least 20 cm.

Glued laminated timber

Before you make a sloping roof, pick up quality material for its construction. For this, dry glued laminated timber is purchased, the moisture content of which is 18–22%. Before installation, it undergoes mandatory treatment with an antiseptic and a means of preventing combustion. The treatment with the compositions is carried out in an open space, the funds are applied in two layers.

timber for Mauerlat 200 × 200 mm, for struts 50 × 100 mm;
board 50 × 150 mm;
not edged board;
metal brackets, corners, bolts, nails, self-tapping screws;
laths for lathing 25 × 50 mm;
vapor barrier membrane, insulation, waterproofing;
roofing material.

Construction stages

Mauerlat is fixed

Mauerlat. Installation of the truss structure is expected at the stage of wall construction. In the upper row, special studs are laid for the subsequent fastening of the Mauerlat, which is the basis of the roof. This timber is laid around the entire perimeter of the walls, prepared studs are inserted into the drilled holes and tightened with nuts. The step of the studs is two meters, the best option is if they are located between the rafters. A roofing material is laid under the Mauerlat, which provides protection from moisture. To securely hold the structure, a wire harness is used.

Beams. A thick beam with a section of 200 × 200 mm is laid directly on the mauerlat or in special pockets left in the masonry walls. The edges of the beams located on the masonry are smeared with mastic. The beam will serve as a support for vertical racks. They are attached to the Mauerlat with metal corners. Strict observance of the horizontal level is required in order to obtain a high-quality basis for the roof. You can change the position of the beam by placing boards.

Installation of rafters

Installation of rafters. The vertical stops on the gables are the first to be exposed. Their level is controlled by plumb lines. Racks are temporarily fixed with spacers. A cord is pulled between the exposed rafters and all remaining racks are installed in increments equal to the location of the beams. Runs from the board are laid on the racks, their fastening is carried out with corners and self-tapping screws. On top of the runs, longitudinal puffs are attached, connecting the parallel racks and completing the upper trim. Until the final installation of the remaining rafters, the puffs are supported by struts.

The lower rafters are installed based on the run and Mauerlat. To facilitate the work of preparing the bars, a template is pre-executed. A thin board is applied to the run and sawing is performed at the desired angle. All lower rafters are cut according to the pattern and installed. The lower part, lying on the Mauerlat, is cut out on the spot. For fastening, plates or corners are used, twisting them with self-tapping screws or hammering them with nails.

Before installing the upper hanging rafters, it is necessary to mark the center of the roof. To do this, use a temporary rack, fixed in the center of the Mauerlat and gable puff. The top edge of the board will mark the center of the roof. A basis for the template is applied to this board, according to which the upper rafters will be cut, the second edge of the workpiece rests on the run.

All top rafters are the same size, so they are sawn in the same pattern. The upper ends of the rafters are connected with board scraps, plates or bots. The lower part is inserted into the run with a cut and fastened with corners. Each rafter leg is supported by a 25 × 150 mm hanging rack, which is attached to the rafter junction and to the puff.

The lower rafters are reinforced with permanent struts. To do this, use a board 50 × 150 mm, the lower end is cut at an angle and mounted on a beam, the upper end is attached to the rafter with a bolt or stud. Having installed all the struts, remove the temporary supports.

Sheathing and roofing cake

After the installation of the roof structure is completed, it is necessary to correctly lay all the layers of the roofing cake. Initially, the rafters are sheathed vapor barrier membrane starting from the bottom of the roof. The joints of the material are glued with adhesive tape. Then the insulation is laid. Air vents must be installed between the roof insulation layer to ventilate the space. Poor ventilation will result in condensation and dampness. Roofing should be selected taking into account its thermal insulation qualities, so the use of metal is not desirable. As a heater, choose safe non-combustible materials that are not exposed to moisture. Such materials include expanded polystyrene and foam glass. After insulation, waterproofing is installed.

The lathing is carried out directly under the selected type of roofing.

The device of a sloping roof will not only give the architecture of the house a special look, but will give additional living space. Watching a video explaining the nuances of construction will help you get the job done right.

Small house with attic

House with an attic

Broken roof of a wooden house

Bath with mansard sloping roof

Country house with attic

garage roof

Do-it-yourself sloping roof - photo making

Learn how to make a sloping roof with your own hands. The article describes the technology for mounting a mansard sloping roof, taking into account design features.

Sloped roofs are among the most popular and most effective roof structures. The construction and arrangement of such a roof requires the contractor to have certain skills to perform the necessary calculations and related activities.

However, having understood the main provisions of the manual, it will be possible to cope with the arrangement of such a roof structure on its own without the involvement of third-party specialists, which will save a lot.

A sloping roof is perfect for those situations where the arrangement of a residential attic is planned. In this case, the roof space will have fairly high ceilings.

It is somewhat more difficult to build a sloping roof than an ordinary one- or two-slope structure, but, as you already know, there are no impossible tasks.

Broken roofs look best on buildings that have a square shape. If your house is narrow and long, there will be practically no benefit from the attic, and therefore from the roof structure in question.

Any roof structures, and the broken line is no exception, are calculated in two stages. When performing the first calculation, the required amount of finishing material is set, and the second calculation is designed to establish the bearing capacity of the rafters.

Drawing - mansard roof dimensions

The first calculation is performed using the values of the geometric dimensions of the roofing system. The calculation of the bearing capacity of the rafter system is somewhat more complicated. When performing it, the following indicators must be taken into account:

Having received all the above data, you can calculate the rafter system using the appropriate formulas or special programs, which is easier, faster and more convenient.

According to the results of the calculations, you will determine whether the sections of structural elements are specifically suitable for your roof structure. If necessary, the characteristics of the crate and rafter legs can be changed. You can also replace the roofing material.

For maximum convenience, create a three-dimensional model of the future broken roof structure with the parameters you have chosen. Special programs will help you with this.

What is the roof made of?

After completing all the calculations and preparing the necessary project documentation, you will know what the cross section of the elements of the roof truss system should be, which crate is best to equip and which roofing material fit specifically for your case.

Go get the necessary supplies.

First of all, buy a beam for arranging the Mauerlat, as well as beams or boards for mounting the batten and an edged board for the rafter system. Also, rafters can be made from timber.

Pine wood is ideal. It is important that the moisture content of the material does not exceed 20-22%. The material should not have large knots. Traces of damage by bugs and bluish spots should also be absent.

Consider the fact that the strength, reliability and durability of a broken roof structure directly depends on the quality of the wood.

Before using the purchased material for its intended purpose, be sure to treat it with an antiseptic preparation. Special funds protect the material from decay. Also, periodic treatment with antiseptics will need to be carried out during the entire period of use of the roof structure.

In addition to antiseptics, all wood must be treated with fire retardants - these are special fire-fighting agents.

Process the material outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. Be sure to wear protective gloves and a respirator. The mentioned means are applied in a double layer. For application, it is most convenient to use a sprayer, ordinary brushes are also suitable.

After applying the impregnations, let them dry completely, and only then proceed to the other planned activities.

Also, for arranging a broken roof structure, you will need fasteners - self-tapping screws, plates, bolts, etc.

Additionally, purchase suitable materials for waterproofing, insulation and vapor barrier of the structure, as well as finishing roofing material.

Roof erection procedure

The arrangement of the considered structure is carried out in a few simple steps.

First step

Fasten the Mauerlat to the top strapping beam.

Second step

Install the rafter legs according to your design drawings. Pre-cut templates for connecting the truss elements with the support beam (Mauerlat).

Third step

Set up vertical racks and fix them on the floor beams. They will take on the function of the frame of the walls of the future roofing space.

At the top, tie the racks with girders. These elements will simultaneously take over the functions of puffs for the upper truss elements and ceiling beams for the attic room.

Perform further work according to the requirements of your project. At the same time, be sure to keep in mind that the rafters, due to which a sheer roofing bevel is formed and the upper rafter legs with a Mauerlat are tightened, must be layered. The upper rafters in the construction of such a roof will be of the hanging type.

For additional rigidity of the hanging rafter legs, provide fixation on the pasterns. They must be connected to puffs that act as ceiling beams of the attic floor.

If necessary, install spacers and struts. All listed structural fasteners should be initially marked on your roof drawings.

On the extreme rafters placed from the ends of the house, install additional frames to accommodate the gables, doorways and double-glazed windows.

Insulation work and finishing

In conclusion, it remains to lay the necessary insulating materials. First fasten on the frame of the roof structure vapor barrier film by placing it on rafter legs and fixed with a stapler. Fasten the film with an overlap, without excessive sagging.

Mount the crate from the timber. Select the step of the crate individually in accordance with the features of the chosen finishing coating. In some situations, a metal profile is used to equip the crate, but the option using a wooden beam is the most common.

Lay a thermal insulation material (mineral wool is best) between truss elements. Place the heater in the spacer. From the side of the attic room, additionally fix the insulation with a crate. In the future, the finishing internal coating will be fixed to it.

Lay waterproofing material. The principles of laying and fastening are the same as in the case of a vapor barrier membrane. Proceed to laying the finishing material on top of the equipped moisture insulation. The slopes of the design under consideration are based on a broken profile, so the finish coating should be started from the bottom.

At the joints of the roof slopes, lay the top row of finishing material so that it overlaps the lower tier and creates a kind of visor above it.

Roofing on mansard roof

In conclusion, it is necessary to install various additional elements of the roof structure, such as gutters, fences, etc.

The finished broken roof structure, created on its own, is in no way inferior to similar buildings equipped with the involvement of professionals.

Successful work!

Video - Do-it-yourself sloping roof

A sloping roof, in fact, is a type of pitched roof. It is chosen when they want to get additional free space on attic floor or someone likes such designs more than the usual gable, three-slope, four-slope. The arrangement of a sloping roof is not an easy process, but it more than pays off with a beautiful appearance, enhanced functionality and cozy room fit for habitation. Let us consider in detail the structure of a broken roof and how to make it yourself.

What is a broken roof

The sloping roof got its name due to its shape. It has a large number of lines with breaks and a pentagonal (rather than triangular, as in classical pitched) projection of the pediment of the building. Many developers deliberately choose it for the sake of form, since a house with a sloping roof looks solid, solid, and with the help of additional elements, and even the contrasting tone of the main finish of the roof and facade, you can get a real masterpiece.

Cottage with sloping roof looks unusual and original

But for the most part, it's perfect when the desired attic size doesn't fit into a conventional pitched roof that doesn't provide enough loft height to comfortably stay there. The broken structure, due to the fracture of the slope, significantly reduces the "dead zones" - a space unsuitable for habitation.

By the way, not always a roof with a break is chosen for arranging a living room. It can also be "cold" rooms - a wine cellar for winemakers, a gym for sports enthusiasts.

Any room in the house is suitable for wine storage - basement, attic, pantry - the main thing is to provide the necessary climatic conditions for storing wine

In the attic, you can arrange a dressing room or just a closet for household needs, equipped with various cabinets and shelves.

A small dressing room in the attic is a prime example of how you can use everything in a practical way. square meters own housing

There are many options for broken roofs:

Shed - the most simple design which you can easily do yourself.
Shed mansard roof with a slight break in the slope - a stylish and simple design
Gable - make it possible to equip a large attic space.
The streamlined shape makes the gable sloping roof resistant to gusts of wind and snow drifts.
Three-slope - have long been known in Russia and are popular today.
The aesthetics of a gabled sloping roof, on the one hand, is unobtrusive, and on the other, it has an undeniable appeal.
Four-slope - difficult to build, but beautiful in appearance and light, thanks to the design features. This allows you to equip a large attic space without unnecessarily loading the foundation. Therefore, four-pitched sloping roofs are in great demand in private housing construction.
Four-pitched broken structures are in demand in private construction
Hip, tent broken, tongs, combined, etc.
Hip sloping roof has complex structure and increased cost, but provides rational use free space in the attic

That is, a break in the roof, which allows you to increase the attic space, is used almost everywhere. According to the builders - if something can be drawn, then it can be built. That's how it is, but it is important to calculate the estimate in advance so that later it does not turn out "I blinded him from what was."

The specifics of the structure of the sloping roof

The presence of a special truss system of rather impressive elements distinguishes the construction of a sloping roof from the construction of a typical pitched one. However, you should not be afraid of this. Kinked roofs are not as difficult to install as it might seem at first. It is quite possible to make them yourself.

The main advantage of broken roofs is that, despite the impressive size of the supports, most truss systems are mounted in a modular fashion. Many components are collected on the ground and ready-made lift up. Therefore, heavy construction equipment is not needed. Racks and rafters in places of fractures are cut off at a certain slope. The entire truss system is fixed with special connections.

Sloped roof rafters are mounted according to the scheme

The best building width for arranging a sloping roof is 6 m. With a larger span, it is advisable to use other technologies, since the ability of sloping roof rafters to withstand heavy loads is significantly reduced. If the width of the house is less, then the rafter and reinforcing ceiling beams will be supported by a Mauerlat from a bar with a section of 90x140 mm.

The basis of a sloping roof is either load-bearing walls or a rafter system of hanging rafters and layered ones, which is best made of wood so as not to burden the structure. The use of metal and reinforced concrete products is undesirable. The board must be thick, at least 50 mm in cross section, up to 18% moisture, treated with drying oil. Most often used to create load-bearing structure sloping softwood roofs are generally inexpensive.

A characteristic feature of roofs with a break is the breakdown of the slope into two parts, each of which (upper or lower) is mounted at its own angle - the upper parts are usually 15–30 °, the lower 60–70 °. The broken structure is assembled with the help of brackets. Their number and installation locations depend on the type and area of the roof. Structural elements also depend on this, however, in the main types, they are necessarily inherent:

A correctly created roof structure with a break in ready-made consists of:

finishing material, drywall, steam, heat and waterproofing layer;
battens, counter battens and roof decking.

Broken roof calculation

The calculation is carried out taking into account the type of the main roofing, as well as the angles of inclination of the rafters. Calculating the required amount of covering material for a sloping roof is simple:

measure the length and width of the slopes, multiply, get the area of \u200b\u200beach slope;
the calculated areas are summarized and the result obtained is divided by the area of the roofing (sheets of metal tiles, ondulin, etc.) + 10–15% for overlap and stock.

Insulating materials are calculated in a similar way.

Before calculating the truss system, you need to draw up a house plan and look at maps of snow loads and wind loads by region. Anyone who is familiar with ArchiCad or SolidWorks and knows the basics of construction can create a project for the roof of his house in these programs, where all elements have weight and size. On the basis of which you can immediately draw up an estimate and find out what the costs of arranging the selected roof are.

Video: roof truss system, design in ArchiCad and SolidWorks

We draw a sketch of the house on a checkered piece of paper, where we display the features of the sloping roof truss system - shape, wall width, slope angles, etc. Let's take a sketch from a photograph as an example.

When drawing up a diagram of a house, it is necessary to observe proportions

Reference data: the width of the wall on which the end of the roof is formed (B d) is 6.4 m, is being built, for example, in Tyumen, the height of the box according to the sketch is 2.3 m, the distance from the ceiling to the roof ridge is 3.5 m, the angles of the slopes are angle a 60 ° between the ceiling and the slope and angle b at the point of break of the slopes 30 °, the desired height of the room (N m) is 2.5 m, there is no removal of the floor beams outside the wall (B c), the step of the rafters is 0.6 m .

We find the location of the construction on the map and find out the amount of snow loads for the area. Moreover, if construction is carried out on the border of regions, then they prefer greater value. In our example, the snow load (Tyumen) is 180 kg/m².

The amount of snow loads is determined depending on the terrain

We determine the value of the power of the winds according to the map of wind loads and multiply by the correction factor (k) from the table below, since the type of terrain and the height of the future building matter here. In our example, the wind load for Tyumen is 24 kg / m², k 0.65 (column "B"). In total we get 24 x 0.65 = 15.6 kg / m².

According to the map of wind loads, the wind power is determined for all regions

Table: coefficient (k) for terrain types

If the house is being built within the city limits, but near the sea, then the value of column "A" is taken.

In our example, the value of column "B" is taken - the height of the house is over 5 m and it is being built in the city (Tyumen) in a cottage village where there are no high-rise buildings.

Video: sloping roof with attic, part 1 - design scheme, loads, DCS

We do calculations.

We calculate the dependence of the width of the attic on the steepness of the attic slope (angle a) according to the laws of geometry - V m \u003d V d - (2 x (N m: tq a)) \u003d 6.4 - (2 x (2.5: tq 60 °) ) = 3.51 m. The calculation was made without the removal of the beams, when the rafters rest on the Mauerlat. With the removal of the floor beams to the outside, for example, by 0.5 m, the width of the attic room will increase to 4.01 m. Hence the conclusion - the larger the removal of the floor beams, the wider the attic room can be made.
We calculate the total height of the roof: H m + H k (height of the ridge triangle), where H k \u003d 0.5 x V m x tq b \u003d 2.5 m + (0.5 x 3.51 x tq 30 °) \u003d 2 .5 m + 1.01 m = 3.51 m.
We calculate the length of the rafter legs: to calculate the lower rafter legs N m: sin angle a \u003d 2.5: sin 60 ° \u003d 2.89 m length of the rafter leg; to calculate the ridge rafter H k: sin angle b = 1.01: sin 30 ° = 2.02 m. . If there is no removal of the beams, then the rafters will need to be lengthened, which means that an additional calculation needs to be carried out.
We calculate the elongation of the rafters - the working length of the filly - by the planned value of the eaves overhang according to the formula - the desired length of the eaves overhang (k): cos angle a \u003d 0.5 m, for example: cos 60 ° \u003d 1 m.
We find out the slope of the slopes and the magnitude of the load on the rafters, guided by the table "Recommended slopes of pitched roofs", located below.
We calculate the load on the rafters. To do this, we use the original and calculated data. Load due to the slope of the slope (for example, a metal roof) + snow load, according to the snow load map + wind load (determined from the map, adjusted by a coefficient). Total: 5 kg / m² + 180 kg / m² + 15.6 kg / m² \u003d 200.6 kg / m² x the specified rafter installation step (we have 0.6 m) ≈ 110 kg / running meter.

Knowing the magnitude of the load, you can correctly select the section of the rafter lumber.

Table: the relationship between the load and the thickness of the timber for the truss system

Note: when choosing a load, we round up.

Video: sloping roof with attic, part 2 - calculation in Scad, selection of sections of roofing elements

When purchasing lumber, you need to take into account the insulation, as well as ventilation gap and a vapor-tight layer of the roofing "pie" (which is 20–30 mm).

The calculation of a broken roof is voluminous, but simple. You can do it yourself manually or with the help of calculation program Scad. You can also use the online calculator for calculating the truss system on construction sites, where you need to enter the requested data and get a ready-made calculation.

Video: sloping roof with attic, part 3 - design and layout

Projects of houses with different types of sloping roofs

Due to the design features, broken roofs differ in appearance:

with the support of the lower rafters on the Mauerlat;
with the removal of the lower part of the layered rafters outside the wall;
using only layered rafters.

Depending on the features of the truss system, broken roofs have a different look.

In the first version, the floor beams are installed so that they do not slightly reach the walls of the lower floor. The lower part of the slopes consists of layered rafters and is attached to the walls of the building with the help of a Mauerlat. From the vertical elements (racks) make the frame of the attic. Are obtained constituent elements roofs in the form of triangles along the walls, interconnected by contractions. And already the upper parts of the slopes are attached to them from the hanging rafters resting on the tightening.

In the second version, the lower edges of the rafters are brought outside the house, which makes it possible to increase the size of the attic. And the larger the takeaway, as mentioned above, the wider the room under the roof can be made. In this case, the support for the rafters is not the Mauerlat, but the floor beams, which are held by the Mauerlat. The rafters are supported by struts. Racks are recessed into the floors, but not more than 1/3 of the thickness.

In the third option, there are no hanging rafters. The upper slopes also consist of layered ones, the support for which are puffs.

Roof structure without vertical elements

There are also other versions of the broken roof, one of which is quite interesting - in this configuration there are no vertical posts, and the rafters are all the same length. Externally, the roof resembles an octahedron. The ceiling of the under-roofing room will be in the form of a tetrahedral vault.

A key feature of such a device is the strengthening of the bearing capacity of the rafters, for which 2 metal plates (metal thickness 3 mm) are fixed on each of them at the fracture site on both sides. In addition, crossbars are installed in the upper part of the structure, due to which the load is additionally removed from the flatter part of the sloping roof. This solution makes it possible to strengthen the rafters, redistribute the load of the load-bearing elements, remove the racks and thereby significantly expand the room.

Sloping roof with attic

There are a lot of houses with an attic, because it is:

an attractive silhouette of the roof, and with it the whole house;
increase in usable area through the rational use of existing;
fast construction and low cost.

The design with a sloping hip-type mansard roof allows you to make the most efficient use of the interior space of the attic

Attic houses with a broken roof look especially unusual, where one slope is with a break, and the other is straight. Such an architectural technique is used when the asymmetry of the pediment is conceived according to the project and it is necessary to move the attic room to one or the other wall. Externally, this house looks stylish. On an asymmetric roof, it is easy to install solar panels, climate or heating systems and other technological equipment.

The sloping roof is wonderfully combined with various futuristic forms, including asymmetry.

Do-it-yourself sloping roof: step by step instructions

Before installing the roof, all wooden elements are treated with antiseptics, fire retardants and rotting impregnations. They stock up on the main roofing material, insulating and metal fasteners for fixing the rafters to the Mauerlat.

They make a crate from a thick profiled beam, which will form the basis of the truss system. To do this, the Mauerlat is rigidly connected to the ceiling. For soft roofs, a continuous crate is needed. For hard ones, like metal-tiled or slate, the crate is assembled in increments of 0.2–0.5 m.
For solid roofs, a crate made of thick profiled timber is installed.
The planned attic is separated by racks, the racks are connected by shared runs, and beams are laid on top, which will be puffs (connecting parts) for hanging rafters.
The intended premises are distinguished by vertical posts, which are fastened with longitudinal girders and beams
They install layered rafters, checking the planes of steep slopes, and then hanging ones. Attention must be paid to the correct layout of the nodes at the bends.
The frequency of fastening rafters and battens depends on the materials of the roof
Support, if required, the layered rafters with struts, and the upper puff, so as not to sag, is hung with a headstock.
To increase the strength in the layered rafters, struts are installed
Customize the facade components of the structure (window and doorways if windows and a balcony are planned).

Of course, this is not the only technology for arranging a sloping roof. There are a number of others, and the choice depends on many factors - the material used, the layout, the type of roof, the conditions for installation work, etc.

Video: broken attic truss system

Installing the truss system yourself

The installation of a sloping roof is convenient in that it allows, as already mentioned above, to assemble many structural elements on the ground.

Only an experienced roofer can align all the elements of the truss system along a stretched cord. Even a minimal deviation (0.5–1 cm, for example) will cause the roof to “walk”. And this is unacceptable, especially when it comes to arranging a dwelling under a roof.

Video: a simple tip - how to install the rafter legs evenly and in the same plane

Sloping roof design

Under the design of the roof is understood the arrangement of cornices (overhangs), insulation of the attic, sheathing of the pediment. These works can be classified as secondary, but nevertheless very important. Arrangement of cornices - strengthening the protection of the house from the penetration of moisture, debris and dust into the under-roof space. To make cornices, the lower rafters are led out of the building by 50-60 cm. This is the minimum size of the overhangs, which can be increased if desired.

Roof overhangs are hemmed and not hemmed, box-shaped and shortened. The best option is hemmed overhangs, which significantly increases the functionality of the roof and gives the house a complete look. Any material is suitable for filing - lining, board, metal, plastic, spotlights. It's all about the taste of the owners and the design of the house.

Different materials are used for filing cornices of a sloping roof.

In addition to the cornices, it is also desirable to protect the frontal part of the roof, since in broken structures the pediment performs serious functions - it preserves and maintains the thermal regime in the attics. Therefore, it must be not only durable, but also well-insulated and attractive. If the project does not provide for full glazing of the pediment, then it is usually sheathed with the same material that the whole house is lined with. Often a tree is used if the house is brick or frame, which is carved. The skillful design of the pediment makes it possible to beautifully beat the most ordinary sloping roof design.

A spectacular element of the architecture of a country house with a sloping mansard roof is the continuous glazing of the pediment and the arrangement of the balcony

Sloped roof insulation

Due to the peculiarities of its design, a sloping roof must have good thermal insulation. If the attic space remains "cold", then it will be enough to insulate only the ceiling that separates it from the house itself. As for the premises planned for housing (attic), everything is already insulated here - slopes, pediments, ceilings and walls.

The most popular heat insulator for attics is mineral basalt wool, laid in layers. It features almost zero moisture absorption, excellent vapor permeability, good fire resistance and low price.

Mineral wool - a common material for attic insulation

If the insulation scheme has a polymer structure, then it is better to use foam plastic, which is not inferior to basalt wool. Although the vapor permeability coefficient mineral wool higher, but steam practically does not accumulate in the foam, but is removed through the irregularities and joints of the insulation. It is worth noting extruded polystyrene foam, which can last for many years without losing its properties. And, of course, sawdust, the main advantage of which is low cost, environmental friendliness and excellent thermal insulation properties.

Insulating materials are laid between the rafters as tightly as possible, leaving voids is unacceptable.

Video: how to insulate the attic roof with sawdust

The structure of a broken mansard roof implies a single system of waterproofing, insulation and vapor barrier. All layers are laid in a certain order with mandatory ventilation gaps, which will allow moisture to be removed from the insulation. Consequently, water vapor will not accumulate in the under-roof space, which means that the roof will be able to “breathe” freely.

The room under the roof, intended for housing, is insulated according to all the rules of thermal insulation of buildings

From the inside, the entire structure is sheathed with drywall for further finishing of the attic room.

Video: insulation of a sloping attic roof

Roof shelter is one of the final stages of roofing work, which is carried out according to the following scheme:

At this stage, it is important to choose the right covering material. Here again we return to the maps of snow and wind loads and look in which zone the site is located, and what loads will fall on the roof.

If in this area strong winds and heavy snowfalls, it is not recommended to use light roofing materials, otherwise there is a risk of their failure. And also do not use rolled materials in climatic zones with hot summers.

The most common roofing materials are slate and metal tiles.

Do-it-yourself sheathing of the pediment of a sloping roof

Gable - the front part of the wall between the slopes of the roof. Its shape depends on the configuration of the truss system and the preferences of the owners of the house. Most often, houses with sloping roofs and multi-gable roofs are equipped with a pediment. Less often - with shed roofs and log houses, where the pediment is already inscribed in the structure.

You can sew up the pediment yourself. This does not require special knowledge and skills. Gables are sheathed with vinyl siding, PVC panels, wood, corrugated board.

You can sheathe the pediment yourself

When working with siding, as a more popular facing material, use different technologies sheathing - on the truss system, crate or pre-equipped aluminum frame. The easiest option is to mount the siding on the crate.

Video: do-it-yourself roof gable siding

As you can see, nothing complicated if you follow the rules and installation features inherent in any covering material.

Video: how to build an attic with your own hands

Building a sloping mansard roof is the best option for a private house, as it allows you to get additional living space, which is sometimes not enough. Having studied the installation technology and adhering to the simple rules for installing, sheathing and insulating the roof, you can make a sloping roof with your own hands and easily make dreams come true. And also to enjoy the work done independently.

Many owners of private houses, experiencing a completely understandable desire without special costs get an extra residential floor, turn the attic into an attic. In this case, it is advisable to build a broken line instead of a conventional roof with straight slopes. How and from what such structures are built, we will tell in this article.

Types of broken roofs

A sloping roof differs from the usual one in that its slope consists of two planes:

the top is gentle;
the lower one has a slope of more than 45 o .

It looks as if an ordinary gable roof was taken by the middle of the slopes and stretched to the sides and up, thereby greatly increasing the volume of the attic space. But the increase in volume is only one of the advantages of such a solution. The second is the ability to make the roof higher. After all, its upper part, at the level of which the wind pressure is maximum, due to a slight slope, experiences less wind loads than a conventional roof with straight slopes.

The slope of the sloping roof consists of two planes with different angles of inclination

There are the following types of broken roofs:

Shed. It consists of only one broken slope, while the walls have different heights. Such a roof is the simplest, but it is rare and mainly on extensions.
Gable. The classic version, including two drop-down different sides broken slope. The ends of the roof - gables - are vertical and represent a continuation of the walls.
Tri-slope. In this version, instead of the pediment, a third broken slope appears from one end. Such a roof looks more interesting and creates less load on the foundation of the end wall. The gable roof is asymmetrical, so it is mainly used on attached buildings.
Four-pitched (hip). There are no pediments, on all sides there are broken slopes. It is built on a separate building. The disadvantage is that the volume of the attic is reduced compared to the classic gable version. Advantages: spectacular architecture and minimal load on the foundation under the end walls.

Sloping roof slopes can be based on:

Walls.
Floor beams extended beyond the walls. This option is more difficult to implement, but it allows you to make the attic more spacious.

Along with the usual ones, there are broken roofs that have additional structural elements:

When constructing a sloping roof, a combined truss system is used. The upper flat rafters - they are called ridge rafters - are hanging, that is, they are supported only by the lower ends, and the upper ones are joined to each other. So that these rafters do not move apart under the influence of their own weight and snow load, they are connected by a horizontal element - a puff.

The side rafters are layered. They rely and bottom- on the walls by means of a Mauerlat, and on the top - on vertical racks.

In the rafter system of a sloping roof, both layered and hanging rafters are used at the same time.

Due to the simultaneous presence of both layered and hanging rafters, this system is called combined. In some cases, the side rafter has to be supported in the middle with a strut that rests against the base of the rack.

Racks, in turn, are supported by floor beams. If the attic floor is made of concrete slabs, then to support the racks, they lay on it wooden beam- bed. Racks form the frame of the walls of the attic room, and puffs form its ceiling.

The sloping roof frame consists of rafters - hanging and layered - and additional elements that provide structural rigidity

Rafter attachment points

The reliability of the truss system depends on the correctly chosen method of fastening its elements.

Under the influence of the load, the hanging rafters will move apart, sliding along the surface of the beam or puff. To counteract slip, the following types of joints are used:

If the slope of the roof exceeds 35 o , a lock with a single tooth is sufficient for fastening.
The spike rests against the reciprocal tightening groove and does not allow the rafters to move apart
With more gentle slopes, a double tooth is used. To enhance the strength of the connection in the puff, two stops are cut out. One of them - extreme - is complemented by a spike. Under its size, an eye is cut out in the counterpart of the rafter.
For gentle slopes, the fastening of the rafter leg to the puff is usually performed using a double-toothed lock.
The most difficult node of a sloping roof is located at the intersection of the hanging rafter, puff and layered rafter. Therefore, it is reinforced with bolted joints.
A pair of bolts effectively counteract the torque at the rafter junction with tightening
The rafter leg is attached to the Mauerlat by means of corners and staples. To facilitate installation and limit the movement of the rafter, a stop bar must be nailed to its lower surface.
Resistant board or bar, stuffed on the bottom edge of the rafter leg, do not allow it to slide down

Broken roofs with cuckoo, balcony, window

If the roof has a cuckoo, then its rafter system is mated with the main one. The cuckoo roof can be:

The presence of a "cuckoo" weakens the main truss system, in addition, careful sealing of the junction of different parts of the roof is required. Because of this, the design and construction of roofs with such elements is best left to specialists.

Balcony in the attic can be arranged in three ways:

To install a roof window, bars are fixed between the rafters, outlining the opening. They will play the role of a supporting contour for the window structure.

There are cases when construction companies, in order to expand the attic space, decided to modify the classic truss scheme of a sloping roof, abandoning the usual arrangement of racks.

The technical solution is as follows:

As a result of strengthening the break point of the slope with overlays, a pair of rafters works as one curvilinear rafter leg.

Is it possible to make a sloping roof with a raised puff

The location of the puff is higher than usual - a technique that is sometimes resorted to when erecting a gable roof with straight slopes. But in the case of a sloping roof, a raised tightening device is not practiced, since in this case it is necessary to move the racks, as a result of which the attic room becomes less wide.

Calculation of the truss system of a sloping roof

To determine the dimensions of the rafters, you must:

To calculate the strength, you need to measure the angles of the rafters with a protractor.

Strength calculation

Today, the calculation of the attic roof truss system can be done using specialized software systems. But you need to be able to do it manually, because in the field a computer is not always available, and it will be useful to check the results before starting work.

To carry out calculations, you need to know the normative snow and wind loads characteristic of the construction region. These data should be sought in SNiP 23.01.99* "Construction climatology". According to this document, 8 zones are distinguished in the Russian Federation with a standard snow load from 80 to 560 kg / m 2.

The map shows the standard values of snow load for each climatic region of our country

The value of the standard snow load can be taken from the reference table.

Table: normative values of snow load by region

region number	I	II	III	IV	V	VI	VII	VII
80	120	180	240	320	400	480	560

The actual snow load will depend on the slope of the slope. It is calculated according to the formula S \u003d S n * k, where S n is the standard snow load in kgf / m 2, k is the correction factor.

The value of k depends on the slope angle:

at angles up to 25 o k = 1;
for slopes from 25 to 60 o k = 0.7;
for steeper roofs k=0 (snow load is not taken into account).

Parts of the slope of a sloping roof have a different slope, respectively, and the actual snow load for them will be different.

Similarly, the territory of the country is zoned according to the magnitude of the wind load.

The territory of our country is divided into eight regions, in each of which the wind load has its own standard value

To determine the standard wind load, there is a reference table.

Table: normative values of wind load by region

region number	I a	I	II	III	IV	V	VI	VII
24	32	42	53	67	84	100	120

The actual wind load depends on the height of the building, its surroundings and the slope of the slope. The calculation is made according to the formula:

W \u003d W n * k * C, where W n is the standard wind load, k is a tabular coefficient depending on the height of the building and the environment, C is the aerodynamic coefficient.

Table: Correction factor for building height and terrain type when calculating the actual wind load

Height buildings, m	Terrain type
Height buildings, m	A	B	V
Less than 5	0,75	0,5	0,4
5–10	1	0,65	0,4
10–20	1,25	0,85	0,55

Terrain types differ in the following ways:

Zone A - open areas where the wind does not encounter obstacles (coast, steppe / forest-steppe, tundra).
Zone B - areas where there are obstacles to the wind at least 10 m high: urban development, forest, relief folds.
Zone B - densely built-up urban areas with buildings within 25 m in height.

The aerodynamic coefficient C takes into account the angle of inclination of the slopes and the prevailing wind direction. It should be understood that the wind can exert not only pressure: at small slope angles, a lifting force arises, tending to tear the roof off the Mauerlat. To determine the coefficient C, you need to be guided by reference tables.

Table: values of the aerodynamic coefficient - the air flow vector is directed to the slope

slope slope, deg.	F	G	H	I	J
15	-0,9	-0,8	-0,3	-0,4	-1,0
15	0,2	0,2	0,2	-0,4	-1,0
30	-0,5	-0,5	-0,2	-0,4	-0,5
30	0,7	0,7	0,4	-0,4	-0,5
45	0,7	0,7	0,6	-0,2	-0,3
60	0,7	0,7	0,7	-0,2	-0,3
75	0,8	0,8	0,8	-0,2	-0,3

Table: values of the aerodynamic coefficient - the air flow vector is directed to the pediment

For those sections of the roof where there is a lifting force, the value of the coefficient C is negative.

The actual snow and wind loads are summed up and, based on the result, the section of the rafters is selected (taking into account their pitch and maximum length). Below is a table for rafters from softwood premium(for other varieties, the values \u200b\u200bwill be different). Its cells indicate the maximum allowable length of the rafter with the appropriate section, step and load.

Table: the maximum allowable length of the rafters in accordance with the step of their installation and the amount of snow load

Section, mm
	100 kg/m2			150 kg/m2
	Distance between rafters, mm
	300	400	600	300	400	600
38 x 80	3,22	2,92	2,55	2,61	2,55	2,23
38 x 140	5,06	4,6	4,02	4,42	4,02	3,54
38 x 184	6,65	6,05	5,26	5,81	5,28	4,61
38 x 235	8,5	7,72	6,74	7,42	6,74	5,89
38 x 286	10,34	9,4	8,21	9,03	8,21	7,17

The installation of rafters with a step of 600 mm should be considered best solution: with such an inter-rafter distance, the rigidity and stability of the structure will be maximum, and for insulation it will be possible to use mineral wool or foam boards of standard width.

Video: attic calculation

Do-it-yourself sloping roof construction

The sloping roof refers to building structures of medium complexity. With certain skills and a few intelligent assistants, it is quite possible to build it with your own hands.

Selection of necessary materials

To build a sloping roof you will need:

Vapor barrier film - polymeric or anti-condensate with an inner non-woven textile layer.
Waterproofing. You can use special polyethylene film or the so-called superdiffusion membrane, which retains moisture, but at the same time allows steam to pass through.
Annealed wire with a diameter of 3–4 mm, which is used as fasteners when installing a truss system.
Other types of fasteners - bolts, nails, staples, special fastening plates with stamped teeth.
A steel sheet with a thickness of 1 mm or more - linings will be cut out of it for fastening the elements of the truss system.
Roofing material and self-tapping screws (nails) for its fastening.
Lumber.
Insulation - mineral wool, URSA (fiberglass), expanded polystyrene.

Rafters and other elements are usually made from the cheapest type of wood - coniferous. It should not contain rotted areas or traces of damage by bugs. All wood before installation of the truss system must be treated with antiseptics.

During the construction of the rafter system of a sloping roof, a pine beam and edged board are used without defects and damage.

The lumber you will need is:

for floor beams - a bar with a section of 150x100 mm, if the beams rest on external and internal load-bearing walls, or with a section of 200x150 mm when supported only on the outer frame of the building;
for the manufacture of Mauerlat - a bar with a section of 150x100 mm or 150x150 mm;
for racks - usually a beam of the same section is used as for floor beams;
for rafters - a board or timber, the cross section of which is determined by the above calculations;
for some fasteners and subfloor - unedged board different thickness;
for lathing - edged board with a section from 25x100 to 40x150 mm, depending on the step between the rafters and the type of roofing material;
for a counter-lattice - a board 50–70 mm thick and 100–150 mm wide.

The procedure for the construction of a sloping roof

The process of building a sloping roof is as follows:

Mauerlat is laid on the walls. Under the beam, you must first lay a waterproofing gasket made of roofing material.
Mauerlat is attached to the wall with the help of studs embedded in it, or anchor bolts(in this case, holes will have to be drilled in the wall) with a diameter of 12 mm. Fasteners should go into the body of the wall by at least 150-170 mm. Mauerlat can also be tied to a wall with annealed wire embedded in it.
For buildings made of concrete or building blocks, it is most convenient to mount the mauerlat on studs embedded in the armored belt when it is poured
Install floor beams. If the floors are supposed to go beyond the walls, they must be laid on the Mauerlat. Otherwise, the beams are laid on the walls through a roofing felt gasket and attached with corners or brackets to the Mauerlat.
They determine the middle of the floor beam and retreat to the left and right exactly half the width of the attic room - racks will be installed here.
The beam is baited with nails, and then set strictly vertically, using a plumb line and building level, and finally fixed to the floor beam with the help of corners and wooden linings.
Vertical racks are installed strictly vertically, and then connected with longitudinal runs and transverse puffs
Having installed both racks on the floor beam, they are connected at the top with a horizontal beam - a puff. Again, corners should be used for fastening.
Side rafters are installed on the sides of the resulting U-shaped structure. At the bottom, each rafter rests on the Mauerlat, for which it is necessary to cut a groove in it (the rafter). Fastening to the Mauerlat is carried out with brackets or corners.
The rafter leg is attached to the Mauerlat with brackets, corners and other special fasteners.
If the length of the rafter exceeds the maximum allowable, it is reinforced with a strut resting against the base of the rack. Also use additional racks and the so-called contractions.
For additional strengthening of the rafter legs, you can use struts, fights and additional racks.
The midpoint on the puff is determined: a vertical beam will be installed here - the headstock. Its function is to support the ridge knot, that is, the junction of the upper rafters.
Install the upper (ridge) rafters. In the ridge knot, they must be firmly attached to each other, for which it is necessary to use powerful bolts with washers or plates, or a steel lining.
The connection of rafter logs in the ridge part of the roof can be done end-to-end, overlap or half-tree
Install the grandmother in its place.
All truss trusses are assembled in a similar way. First, you should assemble the extreme trusses - then between their key points it will be possible to stretch the cord segments, which act as a guideline when assembling intermediate trusses.
Farms are fastened together with horizontal runs, which should connect the upper parts of the racks. Runs can be installed at an earlier stage, immediately after the installation of racks.
The finished rafter system is covered with a waterproofing film on top. As already mentioned, along with conventional polymer films, membranes are now being produced that are a barrier to water, but allow steam to pass through. In different directions, such a membrane acts differently, so it needs to be laid right side(there are marks on the canvas). A roll of film is unwound in horizontal rows, moving from the bottom up, and the next row should lie on the previous one with an overlap of 150 mm.
The waterproofing coating is laid in parallel overhang with an overlap of 150 mm
Places of overlap are glued with double-sided tape. It is not allowed to stretch the film - it should sag by 2–4 cm. To prevent the material from slipping, it is fixed with a stapler (construction stapler).
A counter-lattice is stuffed along the rafters from above - boards 50–70 mm thick and 100–150 mm wide. This structural element is necessary to create a purgeable gap between the waterproofing and the roofing material - this will remove the condensate formed due to steam penetrating under the coating.
On top of the counter-lattice in a direction perpendicular to it, a crate is stuffed - boards, slats or solid flooring, the parameters of which depend on the type of roofing material and the calculated load.
The bars of the counter-lattice form a ventilation gap, and the longitudinal rows of the batten serve to fasten the roofing material.
Roofing is attached to the crate.

Video: installing a sloping roof

Roof insulation is carried out after the completion of the installation of the truss system and the laying of the waterproofing layer. A feature of the broken roof is that the insulation is laid along the lower rafters and the ceiling of the attic room, formed by puffs. The upper triangle of the roof is left cold to ensure ventilation of the under-roof space.

Insulation plates should go into the gaps between the rafter joists with a noticeable tightness so that conditions for the formation of cold bridges are not created.

If an ordinary film was laid over the rafters as a waterproofing, there should also be a blown gap of at least 10 mm between it and the thermal insulation. If a superdiffusion membrane was laid, there is no need for a gap device.

Insulation boards are laid in several layers with offset joints in each row. A vapor barrier membrane is mounted on top of the insulation.

The roof is a multi-layer structure consisting of protective films, insulation, roofing and ventilated gaps

Video: insulation of a broken attic roof

https://youtube.com/watch?v=UqWyrNQ4eq0

The choice of roofing materials

It remains to decide how to cover the roof. There are quite a lot of roofing materials today, we present a comparative description of the most popular of them.

Ondulin

In appearance, ondulin resembles slate, only it is multi-colored. In terms of internal composition, it is arranged quite differently: it is bituminous material, like roofing felt, only not cardboard is used as a base, but a rigid sheet of pressed cellulose. Ondulin costs a little more than slate, but still remains in the category of budget materials.

Disadvantages of ondulin:

lit;
has low strength;
short-lived;
in the heat it can spread a characteristic bituminous odor;
on the shaded side, like slate, it can become overgrown with moss, although manufacturers claim that this is impossible.

In addition to low cost and extensive colors The material also has quite tangible advantages:

does not make "drum" sounds during rain or hail;
unlike slate, it is plastic, due to which it is more resistant to impact and can be used to cover roofs with a complex contour (“unbending” slate would largely go to waste);
is low compared to metal coatings thermal conductivity, so it does not heat up so much in the sun.

Decking

Today the professional flooring is one of the most popular roofing materials. "Profiled" in translation into everyday language means "wavy", only the waves of the corrugated board are not sinusoidal, like those of slate and ondulin, but trapezoidal.

Decking is produced in the form of metal sheets with trapezoidal waves

Producing corrugated board from steel sheets, which are covered by double protective layer: first with zinc, then with a polymer. The material is very durable: the service life can reach 40 years. But keep in mind that a lot depends on the type of protective polymer, which is used as:

Acrylic. Least resistant variety coatings. It is easy to damage during installation, it quickly burns out and can peel off after 3 years of operation.
Polyester. Most often used. The ratio of cost and durability is the best option for normal conditions when a large amount of pollution is not observed in the atmosphere, and the roof is not subjected to intense mechanical stress. Polyester is applied in a layer of 20–35 µm, so special care must be taken during installation so as not to damage the coating.
Plastisol (PVC-based polymer). It is applied in a layer with a thickness of 175–200 microns, therefore it has an increased resistance to mechanical stress and tolerates the chemical aggression of a highly polluted atmosphere well. However, it is not designed for high temperatures and intense ultraviolet radiation, so it is not suitable for the southern regions. Another drawback is that it quickly burns out (in 4-5 years).
Pural. This polyurethane-based coating has appeared relatively recently. It is applied with a layer of 50 microns thick, it is characterized by resistance to solar radiation, and to chemical attack, and to temperature extremes. It also gives the material durability.
Polydifluorionad. Decking with such a coating is the most expensive, but it is also the most resistant. Designed for extreme climatic conditions or for chemically active environments. For example, it is advisable to cover buildings located on the seashore with such corrugated board, or buildings of a chemical enterprise that produces emissions into the environment.

metal tile

Metal tile, as well as corrugated board, is made of steel sheets with polymer coated, only they are given more complex shape, simulating the surface ceramic tiles. It looks more impressive, but to give the desired shape, you have to use thinner steel, so the metal tile is inferior in strength to corrugated board.

The metal tile surpasses corrugated board in aesthetic qualities, and is inferior to it in strength and durability

The metal tile has the following advantages:

Light weight.
Profitability.
Aesthetics.
Resistant to fading and abrasion.

But this material has disadvantages that can upset the homeowner:

High level of sound transmission: during rain and hail, the house will be noisy.
A large amount of waste when covering roofs of complex shape.

Monolithic polycarbonate

A transparent roof made of monolithic polycarbonate is a rather exotic option. Warming in this case, of course, is not provided, so such a solution would be appropriate only in a region with a warm climate.

Polycarbonate as roofing is mainly used on non-residential buildings, agrotechnical structures and buildings located in the southern regions

For fixation plastic panels a frame made of aluminum or steel profiles is attached to the rafters. When fixing polycarbonate, it must be borne in mind that this material changes greatly in size with temperature changes, therefore:

diameter mounting holes should be 2-3 mm larger than the diameter of the screws;
screws cannot be screwed in tightly.

Monolithic polycarbonate is different:

impact resistance;
small specific weight;
resistance to fire spread and fading;
inertness in relation to aggressive chemical elements;
ease of handling and cleaning.

At the same time, this material is unstable to small sharp objects and has a high coefficient of linear expansion when heated.

Soft roll roof

Traditionally, the following types of soft roll coatings are distinguished:

All these materials are produced on the basis of bitumen or bitumen-polymer mixture. They can only be used on roofs with a slope of up to 25 o - from steeper slopes, such a coating can slip in the heat. Not so long ago, new varieties of soft roofing have appeared, the raw materials for which are rubber and petroleum resins. They can be laid on slopes of any steepness and at the same time, unlike bituminous ones, they tolerate the impact of negative factors well. environment(service life is 25 years) and are laid in one layer (bitumen-containing materials are laid in 3-5 layers).

We also produce such materials - these are Rukril and Cromel membranes. The width of the roll can be up to 15 m, so there will be very few seams in the coating.

The membranes are attached either with special glue or with self-tapping screws.

As can be seen from the drawings and diagrams, a sloping roof allows you to use the attic space with maximum benefit. But at the same time, it surpasses the usual pitched roof in complexity both in calculations and in implementation. Therefore, in the absence of sufficient experience, it is advisable to entrust its design and construction to a specialized organization.

A sloping or mansard roof is one of the most popular and common types of roofing. It is particularly efficient and convenient in the case when the attic involves the arrangement of a living room. The kink of the slopes gives significant additional space, while upper level performs the function of a roof, and the lower one becomes the walls for the room.

A house with a sloping roof is quite common in our country. This type of roofing is widely used both in covering private houses and in suburban construction. A frame house often happens with a sloping roof. This is due to the fact that frame structure does not involve the construction of a large house, and the attic roof helps to make the most of the space on the second floor to create another living room in a country house.

A broken roof is quite simple to build, although it requires special calculations in its design. With some experience, you can build it yourself. In the article we will look at how to build a sloping roof with our own hands.

In this article

Design

A sloping roof requires a preliminary calculation of all elements. The design is carried out in two stages:

The truss system of a house with a sloping roof is calculated adjusted for the weight of the finish coating. Payment required amount roofing is made by calculating the area of the roof. This roof represents four planes in the form of rectangles, its area will be equal to the sum of their areas.

It is important not to forget to add 15% to the resulting number to form the joints of the roofing material and unforeseen situations.

Having calculated the area of the roofing material, it is easy to find out its weight and, in accordance with this, design the truss system as capable of holding this roofing material. In addition to the weight of the roof itself, when designing the rafter system, it is necessary to take into account:

A lot of other elements of the roofing cake: insulation, insulating materials, battens;
The length of the rafter legs, the step of the truss system and the batten;
The slope of the roof slopes, the height of the ridge;
Temporary loads on the roof, such as the weight of builders, skylights (if they are planned), various fences and junctions.

The choice of the slope angle of the roof slopes is one of the important design points, which is based on a number of factors:

Type of roofing;
Wind load and precipitation intensity of a particular region.

The classic angles of inclination of the slopes of a broken roof are located within the limits of 35-45 ° for the upper tier and 60 ° for the lower one.

It should be borne in mind that if the under-roof space will be used for a living room, then the height of the ridge cannot be less than 2.5 m.

If you plan to add an extension to a house with a sloping roof, we recommend that this be included in your plan in advance. As a rule, such extensions are covered with a shed roof, which is, as it were, a continuation of one of the lower roof slopes.

If the design of the house involves the presence of a roof with a balcony, then it is advisable to extend the roofing in such a way that the balcony is under its slopes and is not exposed to the damaging effects of precipitation.

Material selection

After the completion of the calculation work, you can proceed to the selection of materials for the construction of the roof. Broken roofs suggest a fairly standard approach to the formation of a roofing pie and the choice of building materials:

Mauerlat and girders are made of durable thick bars with a section of 200 * 200 and 50 * 100 mm, respectively;
Rafter legs are formed from bars 50 * 200 mm;
To create a counter-lattice and crate, boards of a smaller section of 50 * 50 or 20 * 90 mm will go;
To create a warm room under the roof, you will need a 200 mm thick insulation, as well as hydro and vapor barrier materials.

A broken roof and its strength depend not only on the accuracy of the calculations made and the choice of building materials, but also on the quality of the wood. We recommend choosing beams and boards of coniferous trees with a moisture content of no more than 20-22% without cracks and knots.

Before the start of installation work, all wooden elements are necessarily covered twice with special antiseptic solutions that preserve the wood from decay and pests. A roof constructed from such materials will be strong, solid and will last for decades.

It is important to determine the roofing material before starting installation work, since a number of important features rafter system, such as rafter spacing and battens. The mansard roof is compatible with any type of roof, as it has a fairly simple geometry and does not give a large waste of materials.

Installation

So how do you make a sloping roof? erection mansard roof on its own requires compliance with a number of rules. Let us consider in more detail how to build such a type of roof step by step as a sloping roof with your own hands.

Installation of Mauerlat and truss system

The mauerlat beam is attached along the top of the walls to specially prepared studs. The optimal step between the studs is approximately 2 meters. Mauerlat bars are additionally attached to the walls with a wire tie. To protect the walls from moisture under the Mauerlat, it is necessary to lay a layer of roofing material.

The next step is to lay the floor beams, which will serve as a frame for the vertical racks of the truss system. The bars can be laid on the Mauerlat with fixing with iron corners or in recesses made in advance in the wall masonry.

When laying beams, it is important to maintain a horizontal level.

Installation of the truss system begins with vertical rafters with level control. Further, runs with fastening with iron corners lie on the racks. Parallel racks are fastened together with puffs, which can be reinforced with struts for additional support.

The lower tier of the rafters has a Mauerlat and a run as its support. The rafters are pre-cut at an angle and attached to the support with plates. Strengthening of the lower rafter legs is carried out by struts, the lower edge of which is installed at an angle on the beam, and the upper one is mounted to the rafter with a bolt.

The upper rafters are also pre-cut according to the template. In the upper part, they are connected with boards or plates, and the lower part is inserted into the run with fastening with corners. The rafter legs are additionally reinforced with a stand to the place where the rafters are fastened and tightened.

Insulation, lathing and roofing

After the installation of the truss system, work is carried out on the insulation of the roof. Waterproofing is laid on the rafters from the outside with an overlap of 10-15 cm of rolled material. The material is attached to the rafter legs with nails. Further work is moved under the roof. Layers of mineral wool are laid between the rafters and covered with vapor barrier material. The entire structure is sewn up from the inside with building cardboard for finishing the interior.

Outside, a counter-lattice is stuffed onto the waterproofing layer and then a crate with a step corresponding to the type of roofing material chosen.

The roofing material is laid in accordance with the installation rules for the selected type of roof, but in general terms it repeats the basic rules: laying from the bottom of the slope up.

We figured out how to make a broken roof on our own. By following our instructions, you will get a strong and reliable roof that will delight you with its efficiency and convenience for many years.