Beautiful flowering shrubs for Siberia. Wild shrubs: types and names

The nature of our planet is extremely diverse. Every continent, part of the world, country, region, region and city can boast of beautiful representatives of the flora, which not only decorate the entire surrounding space, but also help to purify the air.

An important role in nature and human life is played by various life forms of plants, including such as wild shrubs. It is about them that will be discussed in the article.

wild plants

These are usually called those plants that live in natural conditions and are not cultivated by man. They inhabit fields and meadows, steppes and savannahs, deserts and forests. They can be attributed to:

• trees;
• shrubs;
• shrubs;
• shrubs;
• herbs;
• creepers;
• palm trees.

That is, all existing life forms of plants. Specifically, wild shrubs make up the bulk of the undergrowth, thickets, the outskirts of meadows and fields, roadsides, and the landscape of urban areas. It is these forms that are used to create hedges in front of residential buildings, retail outlets and other structures.

Wild trees, shrubs, herbs are an integral beautiful part. They are talking about its beauty, stateliness and splendor even at the entrance to our country.

Shrubs of Russia

wild shrubs of our region are distinguished by great species diversity. They are common in all stripes and latitudes, form deciduous and partly line the hills and mountain ranges. Also among them there are many representatives that a person uses in decorative purposes for horticultural areas. Berries of some species are actively eaten and are valued for their vitamin components. Even dosage forms wild shrubs of Russia have.

The most common species growing in the wild are:

• spirea;
• hawthorn;
• snowberry;
• viburnum forest;
• wild rosemary;
• common barberry;
• warty euonymus;
• daphne;
• honeysuckle;
• tree-like caragana;
• marsh cranberry;
• common hazel;
• common raspberry;
• vesicle;
• Hungarian Russian;
• lilac;
• rose hip;
• chubushnik and others.

Wild shrubs of our region are very beautiful, diverse in their role in nature and significance for humans. There are a number of such species that people tend to plant and propagate on their land plots for various purposes: decorative, nutritious, landscape design. Such representatives include the following wild trees and shrubs: bird cherry, blueberry, apple tree, ash, dog rose, thuja, pine, spruce, currant, plum, lilac, mountain ash, broom, nightshade, alder, sea buckthorn, juniper, raspberry, pear, hazel , viburnum, barberry, grapes, linden, lemongrass, gooseberry, buckthorn, maple, honeysuckle, oak and others.

Rose hip

Perhaps one of the most valuable shrubs in both wild and cultivated form. The height of the plant is up to 2 m, the branches are red-brown, shiny, covered with curved thorns. The flowers are pink, bright. This plant belongs to the Rosaceae family. The leaves are rounded, collected in several pieces on one petiole. The edge is finely indented. Rose hips are bright orange, elliptical or round in shape.

Since ancient times, this plant has been considered a healing source of important substances and vitamins. Even Avicenna called rose hips a remedy for liver diseases. Today this plant is valued not only for its medicinal properties but also for beautiful appearance and unpretentiousness to living conditions. Delicate crimson roses do not leave anyone indifferent. Flowering continues from mid-May to late June.

For the manufacture of medicines, all parts of the plant are used, except for the leaves: fruits, roots, stems and flowers. The most valuable substances in the composition of the plant are carotenoids, vitamins of group B and PP, flavonoids, organic acids, essential oils.

Spirea

Wild shrubs of the genus Spiraea include about 90 species. Some of them have long been cultivated by people and are very widely used for landscape design plots.

This plant is 2 meters or more in height. The color of flowers, leaves, their shape and size - all this depends on the specific species. Most often there are white-flowered or pink-flowered forms, less often with a purple corolla color.

Types of spirea average, the most common in the nature of Russia, are beautiful wild shrubs, photos of which can be seen below.

The following representatives are also very popular:

• Japanese.
• Thunberg.
• Nipponskaya.
• Dubravkolistnaya.
• Gorodchataya.
• Wangutta.
• Argut.
• Gray.

Spectacular, studded with fragrant bright inflorescences bushes can leave few people indifferent, this explains the popularity of the plant. It has practically no medicinal value.

Shrubs of the Moscow region: names

This group includes not only domesticated wild shrubs of the Moscow region, but also widely inhabit local biotopes. The most common among the cultural forms that fill the country and garden plots, are fruit and berry species.

1. Grapes of various varieties.
2. Quince and assorted plums.
3. Blueberry.
4. Honeysuckle.
5. Gooseberry.
6. Raspberries.
7. Rowan.
8. Currant.
9. Yoshta.
10. Blackberry.

Among the wild organisms of this group, one can distinguish such as euonymus, wolfberry, male dogwood, vesicle, maple, lilac, Middendorf weigela, elderberry, broom, derain, rhododendron, forsythia, goof, peony, mountain ash, roses, almonds, hawthorn, willow, barberry and others.

Most of the given names are generic. This means that each plant has a varied number of varieties. Therefore, the total number of shrub forms of the Moscow region is quite serious. This is of great benefit, as plants purify and renew the air, contribute to the normalization of its composition.

Euonymus european

Both wild and cultivated shrub plant. In some regions of our country, it is cultivated as an industrial facility, since the roots of the euonymus contain gutta-percha.

The height of such wild shrubs is up to 3 meters and above. The leaves are quite large (up to 10 cm), oval in shape. Flowers are collected in inflorescences, so they become clearly visible. The color of the corolla is pink with white. After flowering, fruits are formed, red or dark pink. They are poisonous, but are used medicinally.

The decorative value of the euonymus lies in its fruits and beautiful dense leaves. Effective hedges line up well from it, so it is used in landscape design.

Daphne

Low plants, height up to 1.5 meters. Distributed in Siberia, Western and Eastern. Such wild shrubs give very bright fruits. The names of plants because of them were given. This is a juicy bright red drupe that looks like a berry. However, they should not be eaten, as they are not too, but poisonous.

Flowers pale pink, sessile. Exude a very pleasant aroma due to the contained essential oils and therefore attract many insects. Wolfberry leaves are medium-sized, rounded or slightly pointed, pubescent.

In medicine, the berries of this plant, as well as parts of the bark, are used. The main diseases that drugs on the wolfberry help with are gout, rheumatism, and paralysis.

Wild shrubs of the Urals

The flora of the Urals, the Urals, Siberia and the Far East is very similar in species composition of shrub forms. So, common species in these territories are such as quince, barberry, elderberry, weigela, wolfberry, derain, gorse, honeysuckle, willow and other plants.

All of them form a general view of the nature of fields and meadows, forests. Thanks to plants such as wild shrubs and trees, the picture of the natural habitat of animals and people becomes complete, capacious, beautiful and diverse.

You can give a short list of those views of the Urals, which are the main ones for these places. These are wild shrubs, the names of which are given below.

1. Kalina.
2. Cotoneasters of different types.
3. Clematis.
4. Siberian prince.
5. Mahonia holly.
6. Raspberry is fragrant.
7. Nightshade bittersweet.
8. Russian broom.
9. Different types of rhododendrons.
10. Roses of all kinds.
11. Spirea.
12. Lilacs.
13. Chubushnik and others.

This, of course, is far from full list, however, including the most common types of the Urals. Most of them are a source of food for forest animals, humans. Also, many are medicinal forms of plants.

Barberry

The most common type of this shrub in the Urals is the common barberry. Plant height - up to 2 meters. The stems are abundantly equipped with thorns, the leaves densely braid the branches, they have a very beautiful dark purple color. This creates a very effective contrast with yellow-orange flowers and bright red berries. Therefore, the barberry is willingly used by people as a garden shrub.

Cotoneaster brilliant

A plant widely distributed in the Urals. Often found in nature, as well as in gardens, on summer cottages. Received such fame for its attractive appearance: tall bushes (up to 3 meters) with a sprawling crown of interesting leaf shape.

The main advantage is frost resistance and drought resistance. It got its name for the corresponding surface of the leaves. The flowers are collected in inflorescences, small, white or pinkish. The fruits are bright red, not poisonous. They are a source of food for many birds and animals.

For decorative purposes, cotoneaster species are used to create hedges with beautiful clusters of hanging fruits in black or red.

Common lilac

This plant is only one species of many related to common gender Lilacs of the Olive family. This shrub is famous not only in the Urals, but throughout almost the entire territory of our country.

Beautiful fragrant inflorescences, consisting of many brushes of small delicate flowers, attract not only pollinating insects, but also animals, birds, and people. The color of the corollas is different: from snow-white to lilac-pink. Used for decorative and medicinal purposes.

Quince Japanese or Chaenomeles Japanese. A beautifully flowering shrub up to 130 cm high. Budding begins late on May 4-5, flowering occurs on average on May 26 and lasts about a month. Fragrant fruits ripen in the second half of September. Chaenomeles Japanese is a fairly early-growing shrub, the plants enter the fruiting period already at the age of three. The fruits usually ripen by the middle - the end of October, the mature ones have a bright yellow color and reach a diameter of 8 cm. But with sufficient precocity, the Japanese quince grows rather slowly, the growth of its shoots usually does not exceed 5 cm. The plant is demanding on light. Quince Japanese not only fruit plant, it is successfully used to create hedges (it tolerates a haircut well), suitable for group and single plantings.

Actinidia kolomikta

Liana shrub. Under our conditions, an adult plant reaches 4.5-5 m. It blooms in June. The flowers are white, fragrant, 1–1.5 cm in diameter. The fruits ripen in late August early September. They are used fresh and processed. It is a plant of semi-shady habitats on soils rich in humus. Fairly winter-hardy, but in the first three years requires shelter for the winter.

Aralia Manchurian

Aralia Manchurian or thorn-tree, or devil's tree. A small shrub up to 4 m high, with a straight trunk, seated with numerous large thorns. Leaves 1 cm long or more. The flowers are small, white or cream, collected in umbrellas, which form large branched inflorescences at the top of the trunk. In inflorescences up to 50-70 thousand flowers. Fruits with a diameter of 3-5 mm, blue-black, berry-like, with five “pits” flattened laterally. Fruiting is steady, annual. An adult plant is able to form up to 60 thousand fruits. The average weight of one fetus is 50 mg. Blossoms in July - August, fruits ripen in the second half of September. Medicinal raw materials are the roots, bark and leaves of aralia. The plant is undemanding to growing conditions. Aralia is propagated by root shoots, seeds, root segments.

astilba

Unpretentious rhizomatous perennial for shady and semi-shady places, moisture-demanding, in arid and lighted places the inflorescences become smaller. Transplant transfers at any time. In one place, without losing decorativeness, it grows for 4-5 years. The foliage is decorative all season from the moment of growth to frosts. Color from white to cherry. In flower beds, mixborders and rock gardens, they go well with daylilies, irises, phloxes, peonies, tulips, roses, functions, lilies and other perennials.

Aster New England

Astra New Belgian

Rhizome perennial, growing in the form of a bush of a reverse pyramidal shape. Stems from 50 cm to 150 cm tall. Bushes are densely leafy. Reed flowers are numerous, most often purple. This species, under good soil conditions, blooms very profusely and for a long time from September. Fruiting. The most popular and richest species. Demanding on moisture and soil fertility (it is recommended to add compost annually in autumn or spring after cutting the stems). Astra is planted in sunny places with protection from cold winds. Plants are frost-resistant. The soil must be cultivated to a depth of 20-25 cm. Since the aster grows rapidly, having a long rhizome, it is transplanted after 3-4 years. In addition to dividing the bush, it can be propagated by seeds and green cuttings, but these methods are more laborious and less effective.

Badan thick-leaved

Badan thick-leaved - forms rosettes of leaves, up to 40 cm high. Flowering in May with pink medium-sized flowers collected in an inflorescence at the top of a bare peduncle. Flowering is not abundant. Drought tolerant, shade tolerant. Decorative throughout the season. Propagated by dividing the bush and cuttings.

Velvet Amur

Amur velvet or cork tree. At home, it reaches 26 m in height, the trunk is 50 (70) cm in diameter, straight or somewhat curved, with a tent-shaped crown. It has significant cold resistance and shade tolerance. Can be used in the form of park groups and alleys. The Amur velvet tree begins to bloom at the age of 18-20. Blossoms in June - early July, about 10 days. The flowers are small (up to 0.8 cm in diameter), inconspicuous, yellowish-green, unisexual, collected in paniculate brushes, up to 12 cm long. Pollination is carried out by insects. The fruits ripen in September and are globular black, slightly shiny drupes, usually with 5 seeds, inedible, with a sharp specific smell, up to 1 cm in diameter. Fruiting is annual. The tree produces up to 10 kg of fruit.

Barberry common, common purple

Shrub 1.5 - 2 m tall. Winter-hardy, drought-resistant. Fruiting. Used to create hedges. Obovate elongated (up to 4 cm) leaves are dark green above, grayish below. Flowers in drooping racemes up to 6 cm long, brilliant yellow. Blooms in May-June. The fruits are oblong and up to 1.2 cm long, ranging from pink through all shades of red to black-red and black. Ripen in September-October. It tolerates a haircut well, it is not picky about soil conditions. Light-requiring, although it tolerates a rarefied shade. Wonderful it decorative form: purple-leaved - with dark purple leaves, the shrub is especially beautiful during the flowering period and during the fruiting period. The more sun this shrub receives, the more intensely its purple leaves are colored. In dense shade, the leaves partially turn green.

periwinkle

Periwinkle or vinca (Vinca) is a creeping ground cover plant. Periwinkles quickly expand in breadth, forming whole pillows of bright juicy greenery. The periwinkle flower consists of five petals of the original form. Periwinkles bloom massively in early to mid-spring, and then single flowers can be seen on plants throughout the season. Periwinkles easily take root from any node of the stem and take root everywhere along the path of their distribution. Although the periwinkle blooms more actively in the sun, it is of great interest as a shade-tolerant plant that can grow well in almost any difficult area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe garden (except the most arid areas).

warty euonymus

Height - 2.5m. Its stems and cylindrical branches are densely covered with brown cork warts. It blooms in May with brown-reddish flowers, while the fruits appear in late July - early August. Fruiting begins late - from 6-7 years of age. Leaves are painted only in the warmest summer periods. Leaf fall begins after frost, part of the leaves freezes on the branches.

Caucasian hawthorn

Shrub 2-3, less often up to 5 m high. The branches are dark brown, with gray spots. There are no spines, or there are axillary and leafy spines 0.5-2.5 cm long. The leaves are broadly ovate, dull, rich green above, slightly lighter below. The fruits are short-ellipsoidal, 10-13 mm in diameter, dark purple, fully mature - black-violet with light dots and yellow flesh. Seeds are usually 2. Flowering in May. Fruiting in October.

hawthorn blood red

Hawthorn blood-red, shrub, up to 3 meters tall, Rosaceae family. The shoots of the plant have long sharp spikes from 2.5 to 5 cm long. The inflorescences are large, numerous, corymbose. The flowers are white, small, with purple anthers and five petals. The fruits are spherical, up to 1 cm in diameter, coral-red, with 1-5 seeds inside. Blossoms in May - June, the fruits ripen in late August.

Hawthorn pinnately incised

Forms a tree up to 6 m in height with a compressed crown. It has beautifully dissected leaves and large dark cherry fruits. Blooms from June 5 to June 15. Recommended for landscape gardening groups and hedges.

Cornflower mountain

Rhizome perennial. The size of the plant depends on the growing conditions and ranges from 30 to 90 cm. It blooms in June - July. Stems are ribbed with white uneven pubescence. Baskets with a diameter of 6-8 cm, painted blue. The fruits are achenes with pods. The plant is unpretentious, but fats on rich soil and blooms weakly. Prefers sunny areas. It grows pretty fast. The mountain cornflower propagates by seeds, rhizomatous offspring and cuttings. It is used in group and single plantings, for cutting and in rock gardens.

Basil waterbrush

perennial plant that forms compact bushes up to 120 cm tall, with large, broadly triangular in outline, bluish-green leaves. The flowers are small pale purple, collected in a loose, large corymbose panicle up to 20 cm long. Blossoms in June - July 30-35 days. The fruit is a leaflet. Seeds oblong, large. Winter-hardy without shelter. Often quarrelsome. Feels great on cool moist rich soils in soft sun or partial shade. It is in partial shade that flowering is longer, foliage for a long time retains its decorative effect. Unpretentiousness, decorativeness of flowers and foliage make this large perennial indispensable for waterlogged areas, banks of reservoirs, shady gardens.

Weigela early

Weigela early is a spreading, densely leafy shrub up to 2 m tall. Its bark is gray, light brown on the branches, its young shoots are reddish. The leaves of this species of weigela are elliptical or oblong-ovate, shortly pointed or sharp, serrate-toothed along the edge and pubescent on both sides. In spring and summer, the leaves are bright green, in autumn - brown-yellow. Early weigela flowers, 3 on drooping peduncles, pubescent, bright pink; blooms 30 days. Autumn coloring of early weigela leaves is noticeable at the end of September.

girlish grapes

Climbing climber with reddish young, then green and perennial shoots, often with aerial roots. It rises along the support with the help of antennae. It has beautiful palmate-complex leaves consisting of five leaflets on long petioles. Does not require pruning of shoots and shelter for the winter. girlish grapes- Shade-tolerant, low-demanding to soil fertility, vigorous liana. It grows very rapidly on rich and moist chernozems, and its leaves do not color in autumn; in poorer growth conditions, it acquires a beautiful autumn color.

small-leaved elm

A tree 12-15 m high, with a trunk up to 1 m in diameter. The crown is dense, tent-shaped. Twigs are thin, pubescent, trunk diameter up to 0.5 m. Lives for more than 100 years. The bark is dark gray, finely fissured. Shoots are thin, glabrous, shiny, yellowish-brown or grayish. Leaf buds are small, ovoid, flower buds are spherical, 2 times larger than leaf buds, brown, shiny, with grayish hairs. Pinnate elm begins to bear fruit at the age of 5-7 years.

carnation grass

It has a soddy bush up to 25 cm high with creeping shoots. Stem leaves linear-lanceolate up to 2.5 cm long. Flowers solitary up to 1.0 cm in diameter, bright red petals. This plant blooms in early summer for about 40-45 days. Growing carnation grass is not particularly difficult. The main thing that she needs is a sunny place, as well as light fertile soil of a slightly alkaline or neutral reaction. The plant normally tolerates drought and, conversely, does not tolerate excess moisture. One of the finest low border studs.

Gaillardia

Perennial plant up to 55 centimeters high. Gaillardia flowers are bright, in red and yellow colors, up to 12 centimeters in diameter. Prefers well-lit sunny areas. For gaillardia, cultivation is preferred on dry, light soils. The plant does not tolerate waterlogging. Used to design group flower plantings, borders and for cutting. Watering is moderate, regular, but water stagnation is unacceptable. Once a month, fertilizing with a complete mineral fertilizer is desirable. For the winter, a light shelter with peat is desirable. Propagated by dividing the bush, cuttings and seeds.

Geichera

Rhizome perennial herbaceous plants up to 50 cm tall. The leaves are collected in a basal rosette, five-nine-lobed, serrated. Numerous flower stalks grow and bloom at different times for two months. The flowers are small, scarlet, collected in paniculate inflorescence up to 20 cm long. The fruit is a capsule containing 20,000 seeds.

Hydrangea paniculata

In our gardens, it is one of the best ornamental plants that can be grown as a bush, single or multi-stemmed tree 2-5 meters high. It can grow in one place for more than 40 years. The shoots are brown, quickly woody, which contributes to the high cold resistance of the plant. Leaves paniculate hydrangea more oblong than that of the tree hydrangea, also oppositely arranged. Buds appear at the end of June, but bloom very slowly, and the main flowering occurs in August and September. Pyramid-shaped inflorescences, consisting of a mixture of fertile and sterile flowers, first greenish and then white or cream. By autumn, in the sun, the inflorescences of the paniculate hydrangea turn pink, become brick, pale purple and turn slightly green again. This is a very unpretentious species, stable in the conditions of the North-West, which can withstand even very severe winters without shelter.

This shrub 1-3 meters high comes from North America. The leaves are opposite, rather large, green above and glaucous below. Flat or spherical inflorescences with a diameter of 10-20 cm are formed on the tops of annual shoots. The flowers are greenish at first, but in full bloom are white or cream. Globular hydrangea is unpretentious, shade-tolerant, winter-hardy enough. Although her annual shoots do not fully ripen by autumn and freeze in winter, after spring pruning, the bush quickly recovers and can bloom in the same year. In our conditions, globular hydrangea blooms earlier than other species, back in July and blooms until late autumn.

Pear Ussuri

Wild looking. A tree 10–15 m high. The crown is dense, wide; leaves are glossy above; flowers are white, 3–4 cm in diameter. Fruits on short legs, elongated, rounded, oval, 1.5–6.7 cm long, green, yellow, sometimes with a red blush, ripen in September. The pulp is white, yellow, pink, contains stony cells, has good taste. They are used fresh and processed; darken during storage. Photophilous, drought-resistant, not demanding on the soil, frost-resistant.

Derain white-bordered

Shrub up to 3 m tall, with thin flexible, mostly coral-red branches. Leaves with a creamy-white border, broadly ovate, somewhat wrinkled, up to 10-12 cm long, turn purple-red in autumn. The flowers are small, white, collected in numerous corymbose inflorescences up to 5 cm in diameter. It blooms very profusely in early summer and again in early autumn. The fruits are berry-like, white with a bluish tint. Very winter-hardy, heat-resistant, photophilous. Grows on various soils.

Derain yellow-bordered

Nice ornamental shrub with reddish-burgundy branches and yellow-green leaves. Prefers sunny places. It cuts great. Dense crown shape. The growth rate is high. The leaves are dark green, bluish-white below. The flowers are small, white, collected in numerous corymbose inflorescences up to 5 cm in diameter. It blooms very profusely in the first half of summer and again in early autumn. Fruits are spherical, berry-shaped, white with a bluish tint. It cuts well. Drought tolerant. Shade-tolerant. Undemanding to the soil. Frost-resistant.

Pedunculate oak

A large spreading tree up to 40 m high. Oak is demanding on soil fertility, grows well on moist, deep gray forest loams. Vegetation begins on average on May 12, flowering from May 25 to May 29, maturation and fall of acorns occurs from September 10 to 30. In autumn, the leaves turn dark yellow, some of them fall off in the first decade of October, some freeze and break off by the wind.

tenacious creeping

It grows rapidly, reaching 20 cm in height. Blooms in May, purple-blue flowers. The leaves of creeping tenacious are semi-evergreen, oval, bronze-green, dense. Most often used in landscaping. Soil composition - any, location - any, in accordance with your design ideas. It should only be avoided landing tenacity in open sunny areas, tk. in hot summers, variegated varieties can be damaged by burns from the midday sun. Care for adult plants is reduced to single watering in the event of an extremely dry summer.

Honeysuckle Honeysuckle

Curly shrub liana up to 5 m long. Young shoots are bare, light green, on old branches the bark is light brown, exfoliating in longitudinal strips. The leaves are broadly elliptical, pleasant bluish-green in color, light bluish below. The flowers are collected in original capitate inflorescences, densely located in the axils of the leaves of the upper part of the shoots. At the same time, the uppermost leaves, fused in pairs at the bases, create single disc-shaped formations with tightly fitting flowers, and then orange berry-like fruits. The color of the flowers simultaneously contains white, yellowish, purple, red-violet colors. They are creamy on the inside. Honeysuckle blooms from the beginning of June to 20-25 days. On quiet summer evenings, a pleasant spicy aroma flows around abundantly flowering bushes.

Honeysuckle Maak

Ornamental shrub, up to 3.2 meters high. Blooms from May 24 to June 19. During flowering, Maak's honeysuckle is extremely decorative. Abundant snow-white flowers are arranged on the shoots above the leaves in regular rows, giving the impression that the bush is sprinkled with snow. The fruits are small orange-red, transparent, ripen late (September 1-20).

Willow purple Na Na

Differs in the small size of a semi-rounded bush, thinner, numerous shoots than the main species, and small leaves of a silvery-green color. Shrub up to 1.5 m high, with a diameter of up to 1.5 -2 m. The crown is wide open, semicircular. The shoots are thinner than the main species, glabrous, brown with a reddish tinge and a bluish bloom. It blooms in March-April before the foliage blooms or almost simultaneously with them. Flowering is not decorative. Winter hardiness is high. Photophilous. Grows on soils of different fertility. Reaches the best development on wet and fertile soils. Tolerates prolonged flooding. Drought-resistant. To obtain ornamental plants, it is recommended to plant in lighted places, in shaded places - the crown stretches and thins. Handles pruning well.

Willow globular

A tree with a broad pyramidal crown forming a spherical shape. The leaves are grayish green. Blooms in April-May. Unpretentious - grows on any soil, loves abundant watering, especially in the year of planting, tolerates partial shade, lends itself well to shearing. Willow spherical is able to keep the shape of a ball without additional haircuts. Easily propagated by cuttings.

Irga spiky

Shrub, no more than 5 m high with a dense oval crown formed by numerous shoots. Leaves ovate, orange-red in autumn. Fragrant flowers, white or pinkish, in short, dense, woolly, erect racemes stand out beautifully against the background of greenery. Fruits are rounded up to 0.9 cm in diameter, reddish-black with a bluish bloom, sweet, edible. Winter-hardy. Photophilous. It grows quickly, is relatively drought-, smoke- and gas-resistant, tolerates shearing well. Easily propagated by seeds, layering, root offspring, dividing the bush, cuttings. As an ornamental plant, it is suitable for durable hedges, single and group plantings, along the edges of parks and forest parks. Can be used to fix soil.

Iris aquatic

It has a creeping, slightly branched rhizome. Basal leaves are green, broadly linear, up to 120 cm long. The peduncle is branched, 70–90 cm high. There are 3–4 lateral branches, each with 2–3 flowers. The flowers are large, golden yellow. Blooms in June - July. Iris iris successfully grows both on the banks of reservoirs with immersion in water by 30–40 cm, and on wet, and sometimes even on drying soils. However, if the decrease in humidity occurs during the flowering period, its decorative effect is sharply reduced.

Iris hybrid

A common feature of all representatives of the species is the presence of scattered or collected in a longitudinal strip (beard) hairs on the outer perianth lobes. Plants are distinguished by an exceptional variety of flower colors, varying in height from 40 to 100 cm or more. They need fairly fertile, light or medium-textured neutral soils. On soils rich in organic matter, plants develop a powerful vegetative mass to the detriment of flowering.

Saxifrage

Perennial plant, has a complex root system, creeping leaves grow from the root, forming a rosette. The saxifrage blooms from May to August in crimson color. The flowers have five petals, collected in paniculate or umbellate inflorescences symmetrical about the center. In September, a fruit is formed - a box with many seeds. Its powerful root system is capable of destroying the structure of stones. Grow saxifrage in rocky gardens as ornamental plant, it tolerates harsh winter temperatures well, it is suitable for moist soils, and areas in the shade.

Cedar Siberian

Siberian cedar pine - evergreen coniferous trees with a spreading, pyramidal or umbrella-shaped (in old trees) crown. The trunk of a cedar is straight, reaches a diameter of 1.8 m and a height of 40 m. . It is generally accepted that the Siberian cedar lives up to 800 years. An age of 400 years is common for old cedar forests, although cedar forests aged 200-250 years are more common. The growing season is very short (40-45 days a year). For this reason, it is classified as a slow-growing breed. The tree belongs to the shade-tolerant species. A dioecious plant, that is, male and female cones are located on the same tree. Pollination occurs with the help of wind. Mature cones are large, elongated, egg-shaped, first purple and then brown, 5-8 centimeters wide, up to 13 centimeters long. Cones mature within 14-15 months. Each cone contains from 30 to 150 seeds - pine nuts. Seeds are large, 10-14 mm long and 6-10 mm wide. From one tree you can get up to 12 kilograms of "nuts" per season.

Cedar Far East

Far East cedar pine distributed in the mountains of northeastern China and the northern part of the Korean Peninsula, in Japan, in the south of Primorsky Krai. Lives less than the Siberian on average by 100-250 years, but the needles are longer (up to 5 centimeters). The wood of the Far Eastern cedar is distinguished by a pronounced balsamic smell. cedar cones the Far Eastern cedar is 16-24 centimeters, i.e., about 2 times more than that of the Siberian cedar. in the bump Siberian cedar from 75 to 180 seeds, and in the cone of the Far East from 112 to 157 seeds. Siberian pine nuts are dark brown. Far Eastern - light brown. Both those and others are trihedral in shape. But, despite the advantage of the Far Eastern cedar in terms of the size of the cones and the number of seeds in them, the seed kernels of the Siberian cedar are larger and the shell is thinner than that of its namesake Far Eastern, which makes it a more interesting crop for harvesting and processing. A distinctive feature of the Siberian cedar nut is its taste. The fact is that the Far Eastern pine nut has a peculiar taste, and, given that the kernels of its seeds are smaller, the resulting taste sensations are an order of magnitude inferior to the taste sensations obtained from the use of Siberian cedar pine nuts.

Kirkazon Manchurian

Aristolochia Manchuria - unusual plant, climbing up the trees and shrubs, wrapping around the support counterclockwise. Liana forms a dense, continuous and beautiful leaf mosaic and reaches 20 meters in height. All parts of the vine have a camphor or wormwood smell. The leaves are round-heart-shaped, strictly symmetrical, large (up to 30 cm long), green or light green, thin and soft to the touch. Young leaves are pubescent, and old ones are covered with sparse and short hairs. Leaves open in the second half of April. In autumn they begin to turn yellow, in October they turn brown and fall off en masse at the first frost. Kirkazon Manchurian needs: constant watering, a place protected from the wind, fertile, moist and drained soil. It does not tolerate dry air, which can be compensated by daily irrigation of plants. Liana grows poorly in deep shade. Aristolochia tolerates any pruning perfectly.

Clematis Siberian

Wild hop, Siberian prince, liana. Due to the large production of nectar, there are always a lot of flying animals near this plant, especially bees. Height up to 3 m. Flowering period: July-August, sometimes again in autumn. The flowers are large, bell-shaped, 3-4 cm, with small hairs, white or yellowish. Features: pleasant, delicate aroma, produces a lot of nectar. It tolerates partial shade, open places. In such places, the flowering period increases. Winter-hardy.

Ginnala Maple

Ginnal maple, or a riverine small tree or large shrub from the maple family with a wide, spreading crown, with gray, smooth bark, reddish or brown shoots, reaches a height of up to 5 m, has graceful, deep-lobed leaves up to 8 cm in length and 6 cm in width, dark green above, bare, shiny, below - light green with sparse hairs. Serrated-toothed along the edge. In autumn, the leaves take on beautiful fiery red, carmine tones. Planting is done in autumn or spring. With a single planting, the distance between plants is 2-4 m, and in a hedge - 1.5-2 m.

Tatar maple

A tree that often takes the form of a shrub. The shoots are dark gray, smooth, the leaves are ovate, entire or weakly three-lobed. In autumn, this shrub becomes especially decorative due to the yellow or red color of the leaves. Blooms at the end of May. Honey plant. In the middle of summer, for three weeks, lionfish seeds, which have a red color at the beginning of ripening, also decorate the plant. The Tatar maple bears fruit from the age of 8. The fruits ripen in September and turn brown. Undemanding to the soil, drought-resistant. Photophilous and winter-hardy. This maple grows quite slowly. Handles haircut well. Used in single and group plantings, as well as in hedges. The Tatar maple is propagated by seeds (sown immediately after harvest in autumn or spring, but in the latter case stratification is required).

Norway maple

Grows on fertile soils. A tree up to 30 m high. Winter-hardy, but in severe winters there may be freezing. Very shade tolerant. Demanding on soil fertility and sufficient moisture. Does not tolerate stagnant water and salinity. Withstands heavy pruning, making it suitable for hedges.

Kolosnyak

He is unpretentious and frost-resistant. The leaves of the plant wither for the winter. He is sun-loving, moisture-loving, and at the same time drought-resistant, prefers sandy loamy soils. In the garden, the most favorable conditions for its growth are formed on light, highly fertile, moisture-intensive soils. To prevent sprawl, the grate is planted in a sufficiently deep - at least 30 cm dish, the edges of which slightly rise above the soil level. The walls must be impenetrable, otherwise the plant will quickly find a gap. Based on design experience, the most suitable vessel diameter is between 10 and 30 cm. Growing, the grate completely fills the volume allotted to it with roots, while it is not oppressed by cramped growth conditions, and can grow without transplantation, fertilizing itself, for as long as you like. Caring for the grate is, first of all, watering. In early spring, last year's leaves are cut short, and a handful of complex granules are poured at the foot of the bush. mineral fertilizer, which gradually dissolves in the soil over the season.

Lily of the valley

grassy perennial up to 30 cm tall. It is valued primarily for the beauty of small bell-shaped flowers, collected in a drooping racemose inflorescence and with a strong aroma. Soil prefers rich. Lily of the valley is a frost-resistant plant, winter shelter does not require. Without a transplant, lilies of the valley can grow in one place for up to 10 years. Lily of the valley flowers are among the first to bloom in spring - from mid-May. Flowering time - up to three weeks. When growing lilies of the valley in dense shade, the number of flowers may be reduced.

Potentilla erectus

A perennial plant of the Rosaceae family with a tuberous, woody rhizome 10-20 cm high. The stems are erect or ascending, thin, well leafy, slightly short hairy. Leaflets on both sides appressed-hairy, rarely glabrous. Flowers on long thin stalks, solitary, about 1 cm in diameter. Petals somewhat longer than sepals, notched. Blooms in June-July. For therapeutic purposes, rhizomes, grass (stems, leaves, flowers), leaves are used. Potentilla rhizomes are harvested in September-October or April-May at the beginning of the growth of basal leaves. After harvesting, the rhizomes are cleaned, then dried in dryers at a temperature of 50-60 ° C or in the open air. Grass and leaves are harvested during flowering.

common hazel

It grows as a large shrub 2.5-8 m high. The branches are covered with brown bark with characteristic white lenticels. Young shoots are grey, pubescent. The kidneys are rounded, laterally compressed. Gives a lot of growth over the years. Hazel is a monoecious plant, although the flowers are dioecious, it blooms in April before the leaves bloom. Staminate catkins are drooping, about 5 cm long, and pistillate flowers are enclosed in flower buds with crimson stigmas, opening simultaneously with blooming catkins. Pollinated by the wind. The fruit is a brownish-yellow nut, located in a green bell-shaped cupule. Each seed can have up to 30 nuts, but more often there are 2-4. Enters fruiting at 7-8 years. The ripening of nuts falls on the 2nd decade of July for early forms or September for later ones. Lives up to 80 years. Propagated by seeds, root offspring and layering.

red-leaved hazel

Deciduous shrub. The height of an adult plant is 2 - 5 meters. Annual growth of 0.5 meters. Life expectancy 25 - 30 years. Grows fast. Frost-resistant. Shade-tolerant. Likes moderate moisture. Grows in poor soils. The shape is sprawling, spherical. Foliage young red, adult green. Blooms early, leaves fall early. Blooms April May, catkins. The trunk is smooth light brown. Decorative with young leaves.

Day-lily

Unpretentious, winter-hardy rhizomatous plant, 60-100 cm high, with spreading linear leaves. It has numerous, rather thick roots with thickenings. The flowers are large, similar to lily flowers. Modern varieties have flowers of various colors. Daylilies are planted at a distance of 50x50 cm. The bushes grow rapidly, already for 3-4 years they need to be divided. With a long daylily culture in one place, the bushes rise up, the divisions become smaller, and the abundance of flowering decreases. Care consists in regular loosening, removal of weeds, watering, top dressing. Daylilies look beautiful along the edges of reservoirs, in group plantings on the lawn, near shrubs.

Schisandra chinensis

Woody vine, reaching 12-15 m in favorable conditions. The bark is reddish-brown, the leaves are quite large, and when rubbed, the leaves and other parts of the plant give off a lemon scent. Cross-pollinated plants, there must be at least 2 plants in the area to bear fruit. It blooms in late May - early June, the flowers are white, waxy, fragrant, up to 2 cm. In autumn, it forms red fruits collected in a grape-shaped brush.

Linden

Linden reaches a height of 25-30 m, it is a tree with a dense, ovoid, high-lying crown. Linden has a soft, light, uniform wood structure, white or reddish-white. The bark of trunks and thick branches is dark, covered with cracks. Young twigs are glabrous and thin, reddish-brown or olive-brown, buds are ovate, obtuse, brown. Linden grows on various soils, but prefers fresh loose and rich in humus. The best soils for her are fertile loams and sandy loams. Fallen leaves quickly rot, returning to the ground organic matter and chosen by the roots for the summer mineral salts. Can temporarily tolerate high standing ground water under conditions of flowing and semi-flowing humidification. Shade-tolerant, can grow even under the canopy of spruce and fir. Frost and frost is not damaged.

Meadowsweet

Meadowsweet or meadowsweet. It is a perennial rosaceous herb belonging to the Rosaceae family. The meadowsweet reaches a relatively large size, has a powerful rhizome and an upright stem with pinnate or palmate leaves. Flowering is plentiful, falls on the beginning of summer. The flowers of the meadowsweet are pinkish in color, collected in paniculate inflorescences with a double perianth. The calyx of the flower consists of five to six petals. The fruits appear in July-August in the form of many nuts. Meadowsweet is moisture-loving, resistant to cold.

Dahurian moonseed

Perennial liana. The stems are smooth, herbaceous, up to 3 m in height, partially die off annually. The leaves are alternate, on long petioles, very beautiful. Leaf blade 5-10 cm long, broadly heart-ovate, 3-5-lobed with a triangular acute apex. The rhizome is vertical, not thick. Flowers unisexual, dioecious, small greenish-white in small racemes, inconspicuous. Equally well, it grows both in open sunny places and in semi-shady places. Where the air is dry and there is not enough moisture, it should be planted in semi-shade. Grows well in moist loamy soils.

mahonia

Magonia is an evergreen shrub from the barberry family. Magonia is prized for its dense glossy leaves, fragrant clusters of yellow flowers, and edible dark purple berries that are sour in taste. Mahonia berries are green at first, but as they ripen, they acquire a rich dark purple color with a bluish bloom.

Manchurian walnut

Tree up to 23–25 m tall. Frost-resistant. Demanding on the richness of the soil, its moisture and good aeration. Grows fast. It is quite suitable for breeding in forest cultures and for windbreaks. You can use it for wide alleys, garden groups in combination with other species and for single plantings on lawns.

Bean almond

A small shrub up to 1.5 meters high. An adult plant forms a dense spherical crown. Feature of this beautiful plant is that it bright pink flowers with a diameter of 2.5 cm, bloom simultaneously with the leaves and richly decorate the bush. Although flowering does not last long, only 7-10 days in mid-May, you will not pass indifferently past the flowering bush of almonds - this miracle of nature. In autumn, when the leaves fly around, on the branches of this almonds, the fruits of the stone fruit remain hanging, decorating the bushes - fluffy balls. These twigs with fruits can be used for winter bouquets. Almonds are light-requiring, love light fertile soils, they suffer from overheating, so it is better to grow them in elevated areas. In summer, the almond plant resembles willow with its leaves and can serve as an excellent backdrop for perennials blooming at this time. Therefore, it is best to plant almonds in a small group. Since this plant tolerates pruning well, it can also be used to create a green hedge.

Miricaria foxtail

The shoots of myricaria foxtail are erect, absolutely even, without the slightest bends and branches (side branches are only at the top of the bush), silver-gray, shiny, as if varnished. Along the entire length, the shoots are densely dotted with buds, from which gray, needle-like foliage appears in spring. In the second decade of May, myricaria blooms with dense pinkish-purple tassels up to 15 cm long. Universal plant. Excellent tolerance high level groundwater, short-term flooding. On the other hand, it is extremely drought tolerant. Even temperatures below + 40 ° C during normal watering are not afraid of her. Miricaria is extremely winter-hardy, and in frosts below -40 ° C, without additional shelters and even bending the branches to the ground, the plant does not freeze through. Still, it is better to plant myricaria in a corner protected from the northern winds. And, of course, fertile soil is necessary for such a beauty, but that's all - no additional top dressing is required.

rejuvenated

A plant from the Crassulaceae family. The people call young people "stone rose". This plant really has some resemblance to a rose. Only now its fleshy leaves are greenish in color, and rounded rosettes are tightly pressed to the ground. Only flower stalks rise above the carpet of adult juvenile specimens. It blooms young with small star-shaped or bell-shaped flowers, but is not valued for flowering. The rosettes themselves, consisting of numerous fleshy leaves, look much more decorative. This plant is versatile. He needs very little: just a sunny place and a complete lack of watering. And grows best in poor sandy soils. It is not necessary to feed the plant, it is even harmful for it.

Euphorbia cypress

Height up to 35 cm Forms shoots. The leaves are beautiful - bright green "Christmas tree". Flowering in May - June, abundant bright yellow flowers. Secondary flowering - in August. Unpretentious, shade-tolerant, drought-resistant.

peonies

Winter-hardy, durable, photophilous, demanding on soil moisture, but do not tolerate waterlogging. spring planting not desirable, because roots and buds begin to grow early. In addition, small feeding roots do not have time to develop before the onset of hot, dry weather, and bushes can die from lack of moisture and nutrition. The best time for landing - August 10-20. Peonies are planted at a distance of 70 x 70 cm. It is very important to maintain the correct depth when planting. The buds should be located 3-4 cm below the soil surface. It is impossible to deeply deepen peonies: in this case, they do not bloom, although they grow well, with shallow planting, the buds freeze and dry out. In the year of planting, it is recommended to cover them with needles, leaves, well-decomposed humus. In subsequent years, carry out snow retention. You can not cover peonies with manure, straw, mats - this can cause fungal diseases and plant decay. Care consists in regular loosening, removal of weeds, watering, top dressing.

Primrose

Perennial flower. The leaves are entire, form a basal rosette. Flowers five-membered, correct form, various colors and shades, single or collected in racemose or umbel-shaped inflorescences at the ends of leafless stems. The plant requires a lot of bright light, but should be shaded from direct sunlight. Normally tolerates partial shade. Watering is moderate, plentiful during flowering (it is necessary to maintain uniform soil moisture), as the top layer of the substrate dries up.

Vesicle Darts Gold

An excellent shrub that retains its yellow color throughout the season. Great for creating low hedges and contrasting groups. Crown diameter of an adult plant: 1.5 m. Height of an adult plant: 1.5 m. Spreading bush with drooping branches forming a dense, hemispherical crown. Leaves 3-5 lobed. In spring - yellow orange tint, brighter, yellow in summer, golden in autumn. Flowers are numerous, white or slightly pinkish, collected in corymbs (up to 5 cm), flowering from early to mid-June (2-3 weeks). Fruits - combined (bloated leaflets), reddish. Prefers sunny places, tolerates partial shade and shade, losing only the intensity of staining. The soil is not demanding, but prefers loamy acidic. Does not tolerate moisture stagnation. Tolerates urban pollution well. Frost-resistant, but young shoots can freeze slightly.

Vesicle Diabolo

A spreading shrub, up to 2.5 m high, has a beautiful spreading crown with large leaves maroon color, similar to currant leaves. The bright colors of the leaves, depending on the light, it varies from bluish-violet to carmine-red. In the shade the leaves become dark shades blush in the sun. Such a rare coloring immediately singled out this, previously very modest ornamental shrub, among the favorites among decorative and deciduous plants. Most often used in landscaping for living free-growing or sheared hedges. Very elegant during the flowering period, in early summer, thanks to the numerous caps of white, slightly pinking flowers. It is unpretentious, frost-resistant, resistant to gas contamination.

Rhodiola Wet

Rhodiola rosea

perennial herbaceous plant. The rhizome is thick, with thin adventitious roots, brownish, the color of bronze or antique gilding with a peculiar mother-of-pearl sheen. The weight of a perennial rhizome can reach 500-800 g or more. Stems are numerous (up to 10-15 pcs.), rarely solitary, erect, unbranched, usually 10-40 cm high. Leaves sessile, oblong-ovate, elliptical or almost lanceolate, pointed, serrated-toothed in the upper part along the edge. Inflorescence corymbose, many-flowered. The flowers are unisexual, the sepals are yellow-green, the petals are yellow. In male flowers, the stamens are longer than the petals. The fruits are erect greenish leaflets. Rhodiola rosea blooms in June-July, the fruits ripen in July-August.

rose wrinkled

Rose wrinkled or rose-rugosa. Spreading shrub up to 2.5 m tall. It has large, fragrant flowers of various colors, from 6 to 12 cm in diameter. Flowers solitary or 3-8 in inflorescences. They bloom all summer, especially abundantly in June, often repeatedly, so buds, flowers and ripened fruits can be observed on the bush. Flowering both on the shoots of the current year and on the shoots of past years. The leaves are strongly wrinkled, with gray-green pubescence on the underside, up to 22 cm long, with 5-9 leaflets. Spines are reddish, bent down, numerous. The fruits are large, orange-red, fleshy, up to 2.5 cm in diameter. Unpretentious, winter hardy and disease resistant.

Rosa is the most prickly

Terry form. Appeared in our region from time immemorial, ran wild and practically naturalized. It blooms profusely with medium-sized whitish double (or not) flowers. Gardeners lovingly call it "rose". And nothing else.

Rosa parka

park roses do not require painstaking care, they can not be insulated for the winter, they tolerate frost well. The only thing that needs to be carefully monitored is pruning; damaged unnecessary shoots must be cut out, and excess shoots must be removed. Periodically, it is necessary to rejuvenate previously planted roses, old shrubs. Park roses grow in almost any soil. Flower growers love them for a large number of beautiful fragrant flowers, the whole bush is strewn with flowers, this bush blooms for a long time, and at the end of fruiting it gives fruits that are decorative in themselves, look great on the bush, but these fruits also give vitamins C and P.

Rhododendron Ledebourg

Semi-evergreen, densely leafy shrub with thin branches directed upwards up to 3.5 m high. Crown diameter up to 1.3 m. It grows quite quickly, the annual growth is 6-8 cm. 2-3 times a week. Formative pruning to give the crown density and compactness can be done in May, but it retards growth and flowering. High winter hardiness. The decorative season is from spring to autumn. Blooms in late April-May from 3 weeks to a month, annually, but not always abundantly, may bloom again in the fall. The size of the flower (inflorescence) is up to 4.5 cm, the fruits are small boxes, up to 1 cm long. Fruits in September.

Chamomile stunted

Perennial. The bush is compact, 30-35 cm high. The inflorescences are large, with snow-white petals and a yellow center. Flowering starts from July to September. In one place, without dividing and transplanting, it grows 3-4 years. Used to create bouquets and decoration garden beds, balcony boxes.

Chamomile large-flowered

The flowers of garden chamomile are large, two-row, 8-10 cm in diameter, plant height 80-100 cm. Chamomile blooms from the end of May, is photophilous, tolerates heat well, loves moist soil, a second flowering is possible in autumn. Loves organic fertilizers, responds to them with large baskets of inflorescences. Looks great in bouquets. Propagated by dividing the bush in spring or autumn period or sowing seeds. The plant is unpretentious, grows well, easily transfers transplants from place to place, the rhizome easily takes root.

Rowan Moravian

The variety is high-yielding, vigorous. The leaves are pinnate, thin, narrowly lanceolate. It is distinguished by relatively large (one and a half grams) and rather delicate fruits of dark red (raspberry) color. Their taste is almost sweet, slightly sour, without bitterness. The fruits are located on complex, very large shields, larger than those of other varieties. Mountain ash among fruit species occupies one of the first places in terms of winter hardiness. Tolerates frost down to -50 °C. The plant is unpretentious, high-yielding and simply beautiful, especially during the period when the brushes are ripe. It grows in open shady places, frost-resistant, drought-resistant, almost not damaged by pests and diseases, tolerates transplanting well. cultivars Mountain ash is self-sterile and requires cross-pollination.

Rowan Titan

It is characterized by increased winter hardiness, abundant and annual fruiting. Propagated well by green cuttings and leaf blades. The tree is medium-sized, with a rounded crown of medium density, branches and shoots are straight, brown, dull. Fruits of medium size - 1.2 g, burgundy color, sweet and sour taste. The fruits contain up to 40 mg /% vitamin C. Ripening time: September-October.

Rowan Siberian

A tree up to 10 m high. The bark on the trunks is red-brown, with gray epithelium that is peeling off, smooth, young shoots are pubescent. The kidneys are naked or slightly pubescent. Leaves 11-24 cm long, compound, pinnate, with 9-15 oblong, sharply serrate leaflets along the edge, alternate on elongated shoots, on shortened bunches. Inflorescence up to 15 cm in diameter, 50-90 flowers. The flowers are small, white or greenish, with a five-parted calyx and five rounded petals, strongly smelling. The fruits are orange-red, sour-tart, edible.

Rowan ordinary

The snow has not yet melted, and the buds of the mountain ash are already bursting and the first foliage adorns the site. The shrub reaches 2 m in height. The leaves are pinnate, reminiscent of rowan leaves. The erect pyramidal inflorescences consist of small creamy white flowers with a strong aroma. Blooms in early July, depending on the weather from 25 to 40 days. At the end of flowering, the inflorescences should be removed, as they give the bush a sloppy look. Rowan leaf takes root well even with blossoming foliage and recovers after pruning. Due to the abundance of root offspring, rowan quickly fills the space, forming entire arrays. Root suckers are used as planting material. It is winter-hardy, a little drought-resistant, needs watering. Valuable for unpretentiousness, easily takes root during transplantation.

Sedums

Photophilous, put up with only a slight shading. In low light conditions, they cease to bloom and stretch out strongly, losing their appearance so that they cannot be recognized. Drought-resistant. In one place without a transplant can grow up to 5 years. All sedums are unpretentious, they develop well on any cultivated soil with the introduction of a small amount of humus or compost land. All sedums are prone to growth or loss in the garden. After 3-6 years, they must be divided or recut to maintain even carpets. When leaving, it is necessary to provide for frequent and very thorough weeding, since sedums are completely uncompetitive in relation to weeds. Reproduction: seeds, dividing the bush and cuttings.

Sedum white

It has an external resemblance to caustic sedum (the difference appears during flowering). The plant does not exceed 10-15 cm in height. The leaves are green, papillary, elongated. Leaves turn red in autumn. The buds are light pink in color, the flowers are white, collected in large paniculate inflorescences. Aged plants bloom weakly. Stonecrop white has various garden forms, including purple-leaved ones. Purple sedums retain their typical coloration only in dry, poor soils.

Sedum prominent

Perennial plant up to 50 cm tall with tuberous, thickened roots and erect stems. Leaves sessile, large, oval or spatulate, bluish-green, 3-4 in whorls, glabrous, serrated along the edge. The flowers are pinkish-lilac or purple-carmine up to 1 cm in diameter, collected in semi-umbels up to 15 cm in diameter. Blossoms in September-October 35-40 days.

Sedum hybrid

Perennial plant up to 12 cm tall with creeping and ascending, juicy, dark green shoots. The leaves are thinner than most species, marginal teeth are often reddened, elliptical, fleshy. The flowers are small, yellow, collected in corymbose inflorescences. Blooms in August. Winter-hardy.

Sedum caustic

Perennial plant up to 10 cm tall, forming ground cover sods up to 20 cm across. Stems branched, rounded. The leaves are fleshy, dark green, arranged in regular order, glabrous, oblong, up to 0.6 cm long. They are not shed in the fall, but remain for the winter. The flowers are golden yellow, up to 1.5 cm in diameter, collected in semi-umbellate inflorescences. Blooms profusely from the beginning of June 40-50 days. Fruiting. The fruit is a capsule with small seeds.

Sedum emperor

Forms bushes 30-40 cm high with dark purple foliage. It blooms in late summer and early autumn with purple umbellate inflorescences.

Sedum stone

Unpretentious, indispensable in decorative floriculture, perennial. The flowers are small, beautiful yellow color, willingly visited by bees. Sedum is used to decorate borders, carpet beds, to create solid carpets and ribbons. Decorative before and after flowering. Plant height 5 cm. Flower diameter 0.5 cm.

Sedum Kamchatka

Upright or slightly decumbent shoots form a dense carpet of soil up to 15-20 centimeters high. The color of the leaves and stems is dark green. The leaves are alternate, oblong, serrated along the edge. Blooms profusely in June with yellow flowers collected in large corymbs. Leaves and stems die off for the winter; at the end of April, shoots grow from underground renewal buds.

Sedum karl

One of the brightest varieties of stonecrop prominent. Its carmine-pink inflorescences appear in August. The plant can live both in an open sunny place and in light shade, but in this case the flowering will not be so plentiful. Height 35 cm, occupied area 35 sq. cm.

Sedum false white

Low-growing ground cover plant up to 10 centimeters high. Shoots creeping, slightly raised, fragile, densely leafy. Leaflets are small, oblong, up to 10 mm long, greenish-gray, hibernating. It blooms with small white flowers collected in a panicle in late June - early July.

Sedum false red

Stonecrop flowers of false crimson color, collected in inflorescences up to 7 cm in diameter. Height flowering plant 15-20 cm. Leaves withstand cold. Stonecrop false one of the most popular species in culture.

Sedum matron

Variety Matron - thick straight stems 30 - 50 cm high form a compact cylindrical bush. Stem leaves, fleshy, broadly oval, slightly concave, opposite. Leaves and stems are light green, bluish. The stems are wide (up to 15 cm in diameter).

Sedum recurved

Forms shoots lying on the ground 10-15 cm long, green, juicy in appearance. The leaves are small, linear-subulate, silver-light green, grayish-green, sometimes with a reddish tint. Blooms in July for 2-3 weeks. The flowers are small, yellow, collected in corymbose inflorescences of medium size. The stems are quite brittle. The plant easily takes roots in the place of contact with the soil.

Sedum eversa

Perennial plant with ascending, rooting stems. Young stems are red-brown in color, which changes to gray-brown in winter. The stems are woody, and therefore it can rather be attributed to low shrubs, non-living to herbaceous plants. Evers stonecrop blooms profusely. small flowers Pink colour, collected in dense, corymbose inflorescences. Flowering occurs in July - August and lasts 40-45 days. Winters stably, without shelter. This stonecrop is a deciduous plant. Grows well forming fairly dense clumps.

Lilac

The place for planting lilacs should be sufficiently lit, inaccessible to strong winds. Unsuitable are low, swampy and flooded in autumn and in early spring places. Even a short stagnation of water causes the death of young roots. The soil should be moderately moist, fertile, well-drained, and high in humus. Slightly acidic and neutral soils with low standing groundwater are preferred. Winter-hardy.

Lilac Amur

It grows as a large shrub, up to 10 m tall. The bark of old trunks is dark gray, sometimes dark brown, with frequent white lenticels. Young shoots are red-brown, resembling cherry shoots. The leaves are 5-11 cm long, somewhat reminiscent of common lilac leaves, greenish-purple when blooming, dark green in summer, with a lighter underside, turning orange-yellow or purple in autumn. Small, white or slightly creamy flowers with the smell of honey, on short pedicels, collected in large, wide, paniculate inflorescences, up to 25 cm long. It blooms 2 weeks later than the Hungarian lilac and 3 weeks later than the common lilac. Abundant flowering lasts about 20 days. Shooting ability is average. Blossoms and fructifies from 9-12 years. Resistant to dust and air pollution. It tolerates city conditions well. Frost-resistant.

Lilac Hungarian

Tall shrub, 3-4 m tall. Shoots densely branched, directed upwards. Broadly elliptical, dark green, shiny, bare leaves up to 12 cm long, with delicate cilia along the edge, bluish-green on the underside, sometimes pubescent along the midrib. The flowers are long-tubular, small, purple, with a weak aroma, in narrow, divided into tiers, rare panicles. According to the tiered inflorescences, it easily differs from the species close to it. Blooms 2 weeks later than common lilac. Blooms profusely for 20-25 days.

Lilac India

Shrub 2.5 m high. Srednerosly. The buds are dark purple. The flowers are deep purple with a reddish tint, simple. Blooms in medium time.

Lilac Beauty of Moscow

The buds are large pink-purple, the flowers are pinkish-white with a mother-of-pearl tint, large, 2.5 cm in diameter, terry, shaped like flowers of polyanthus roses. Inflorescences of 1-2 pairs of large, up to 25 cm long, pyramidal, openwork panicles. Blooms for a long time. A variety of rare beauty and originality.

Lilac Madame Lemoine

Lemoine variety. The bush is high up to 3-3.5 meters tall. Differs in vertical growth of shoots. White, large double fragrant flowers are collected in pyramidal, dense inflorescences. Late flowering variety, blooms in June-July. Flowering is abundant and long.

Common lilac

A large shrub or tree up to 6 m tall, with heart-shaped, dense, dark green, bare leaves up to 12 cm long, on petioles up to 3 cm. Fragrant flowers are collected in large, pyramidal inflorescences up to 20 cm long. The flowers are simple, lilac, various shades. It starts flowering at the age of four.

snowberry

Shrub up to 1.5 m tall, erect with thin branches. High drought tolerance. Very unpretentious, fast-growing shrub, resistant to smoke. Decorative, dense brushes of snow-white oval berries. At proper care does not lose its decorative effect for many years.

Spirea

All spireas are undemanding to the soil, photophilous, frost-resistant, many types of smoke and gas are resistant, they tolerate city conditions well. Easily propagated by dividing the bush, cuttings, layering, shoots and seeds. Grow quickly, bloom in the third year. Extremely unpretentious, nevertheless, they respond with gratitude to attention and care. Fertilize the soil in early spring after pruning, and in mid-June it is necessary to feed the plants themselves. Trunk circles in order to avoid the appearance of weeds, they are mulched with a layer of 6-8 cm. Small shavings, half-decayed foliage are used as mulch.

Spiraea Bumalda

Compact shrub with a height of 75 cm to 1 m per period. Differs in dark purple-red color of fluffy inflorescences.

Spirea willow

Willow-leaved spirea is a shrub up to 2 m tall with straight-growing twig-like shoots. The leaves are oblong-lanceolate, up to 10 cm long, dark green above, lighter below. Spirea flowers are pink or whitish-pink in narrow apical pyramidal or almost cylindrical panicles, up to 12 cm long. The flowering period of willow spirea is from June to September.

Spirea Nipponskaya

The shrub has a height of 1.0-1.5 m. The flowers are yellowish-white in dense hemispherical corymbs. Mass flowering in June. Blooms 15 days.

Spirea Japanese

A beautiful shrub with felt-pubescent young shoots, later glabrous, up to 1-1.5 m tall; oblong-ovate leaves, green above, bluish below, when blooming with a reddish tint, in the autumn period - a spectacular variety of colors. It blooms throughout the summer with pink-red flowers, collected in complex, corymbose-paniculate inflorescences, completing annual shoots.

tarragon

The height of tarragon can vary from 40 to 150 cm. It has a few bare, erect stems of yellow-brown color. The leaves on the stems are oblong, pointed. The flowers are collected in "panicles" pale yellow color. The fruit of tarragon is an oblong achene that does not have a tuft. The rhizome is woody. People usually use young shoots with leaves. Tarragon blooms in August-September, and the fruit ripens in October.

Silver poplar

Poplar silver or white. Grows best in light, well-drained soils. Photophilous. Fully winter-hardy, tolerates flooding. A tree with a wide spreading crown, up to 30 m high. The bark is gray-green, smooth, with deep cracks in old age. Young shoots are white-felt. The leaves are dense, from oval to palmate-lobed, with large teeth, dark green above, shiny, pubescent below, white-felt. Leaves turn lemon yellow in autumn. Very decorative silvery foliage. It blooms in early May for about 3 days at the same time as the leaves open. Fruit-boxes ripen in early June. It has a deep root system that produces abundant root offspring, often at a considerable distance from the mother tree. It can tolerate arid conditions, but grows quickly only in fertile and sufficiently moist soils.

Phlox paniculata

Perennial plant in height (from 25 to 150 cm), differs in a variety of colors (in their color scheme there is no only yellow color), the shape and size of the inflorescences. After the end of the first season Bottom part stems, and then underground part plants become woody, by the age of 4 this process is aggravated. Until the same time, there is an increase in the number of growing stems, it is extremely necessary to divide the plants before this time, otherwise they will bloom worse and, in general, look oppressed. High winter hardiness, does not require shelter.

Phlox subulate

Plant height is about 15 - 17 cm. Forms evergreen dense rugs. Lying stems with very short internodes are completely covered with closely seated small, narrow, sharp and stiff leaves up to 2 cm long. The stems end in peduncles, each bearing one or two flowers. Flowers with a diameter of about 25 mm, pink, white, lilac in color of various tones, collected 5-7 in small inflorescences, sometimes solitary. Corolla with spread petals notched along the edges. It blooms from mid-May to the end of the first decade of June, again and less abundantly - in August - September. Winter-hardy. Styloid phloxes are good because from early spring to frost, their sods remain emerald green, even under the snow retaining their greenery. And during flowering, in late May-early June, carpets subulate phlox completely covered with flowers of various shades.

hosta

Hosta is valued primarily for its charming leaves, which are narrow, rounded or heart-shaped, from 5 to 38 cm in length. Shiny and matte, smooth and textured, hosta leaves also vary in color: from dark blue-green to light, almost cream. Hosta varieties with bordered or painted leaves are very popular. Hosta grows strongly and is of great interest as a groundcover. One hosta can spread over a full meter in width. The average height of the hosta is 50-80 cm. The bell-shaped flowers of the hosta (white, lilac or pinkish) rise above the plant on tall peduncles and create an exquisite spectacle during the mass flowering of the hosta in mid-summer. Hostas prefer a semi-shaded location with protection from the wind. It is under such ideal conditions that the color and pattern on the leaves of the hosta appear in their at its best. Some yellow-spotted hostas do best in full sun, but others may scorch the leaves. root system adult hosta allows the plant to go without water for a long time if necessary. This quality makes the hosta a fairly drought tolerant plant. Hostas are also very cold hardy. Hostas are not very fond of disturbance and will willingly grow in one place for decades. However, the division of plantations of hostas is recommended to be carried out every 5 years, as hostas grow strongly, densely filling the space allotted to it.

Bird cherry in memory of Salamatov

The tree is large, 6-7 m high, with a drooping broad-pyramidal crown of medium density, densely leafy. Fruit weighing 0.9-1.0 g, the color of the skin when fully ripe is black, solid; the flesh is greenish-yellow, with dark veins, tender, the juice is red; peduncle 0.9 cm long, thin. The fruits are one-dimensional, attractive. The pulp is juicy. The taste is sweet and sour with astringency, good - 4.5 points. General purpose variety. Fruits are suitable for drying, production of compotes and juice. Flowering in the middle terms, in Novosibirsk - at the end of the 3rd decade of May. Ripening is medium early, friendly, in the middle of the 3rd decade of July. Enters fruiting for 3-4 years after planting a two-year-old seedling. The life of the trunk is about 40 years. Yield 18-25 kg per tree. Drought resistance and heat resistance are average. Resistance to coccomycosis, clasterosporiasis and moniliosis is high. Weakly affected by aphids, slimy sawfly and cherry elephant, strongly affected by bird cherry elephant and hawthorn.

Bird cherry late joy

A tree about 8 m high with a narrow pyramidal crown, densely leafy. Fruit weighing 0.6-0.7 g, the color of the skin when fully ripe is dark brown, almost black, solid; the pulp is greenish-yellow, with burgundy veins, tender, the juice is red; peduncle 0.8 cm long, thin. The fruits are one-dimensional, attractive. The pulp is juicy. The taste is sweet and sour with astringency, good, score 4.8. General purpose variety. Fruits are suitable for drying, production of compotes and juice. Flowering in mid-late terms, in Novosibirsk - at the end of the 3rd decade of May. Ripening is mid-late, in early August. Enters fruiting for 3-4 years after planting a two-year-old seedling. The life of the trunk is about 30 years. Yield 22-25 kg per tree. The tree, shoots and generative buds are highly resistant to winter frosts. Drought resistance and heat resistance are average. Resistance to coccomycosis, clasterosporiasis and moniliosis is high.

Bird cherry Sakhalin

Self-infertile, mid-season, high-yielding variety. The tree is 7 m high, with a dense, wide-pyramidal crown. The fruit weighing 0.6-0.7 g is rounded; skin color black, solid; the flesh is green, juicy with burgundy streaks, tender, burgundy juice. The fruits are one-dimensional, attractive. The taste is sweet and sour with astringency, good, score 4.3. Separation from the stem is easy. General purpose variety. Begins fruiting 3-4 years after planting. Yield 12-20 kg per tree. Location: sun, partial shade. It grows on fertile soils with excessive and flowing moisture. Highly resistant. Drought resistance and heat resistance are average. Resistance to coccomycosis, clasterosporiasis and moniliosis is high.

Chubushnik

Or false jasmine. Multi-stemmed densely leafy deciduous shrubs from 1 to 4 m tall, with an ovoid spreading crown. Shoots with cracking and flaking bark. The leaves are simple, opposite, ovate-lanceolate, entire or sparsely toothed, pubescent on the underside. The leaves are dull green, turning lemon yellow in autumn in most species. Flowers of 4-5 petals, up to 5 cm in diameter, creamy white, strongly fragrant, pollinated by insects. Inflorescence terminal, racemose, of several flowers. The fruit is a square box with small seeds.

Mulberry

Or mulberry. Height 16-35 m, crown spherical, broadly ovate, very dense. The bark is brown, fissured. Leaves with early falling stipules, ovate, lobed or crenate along the edge, glabrous or pubescent. The fruit is a false complex juicy drupe, a mulberry, 1 to 5 cm long, dark purple, almost black. The fruits are sweet or sweet and sour (10% sugar or more), used for fresh and dried food, as well as for making wines. Mulberry is drought-resistant, relatively undemanding to soils, salt-resistant, does not tolerate waterlogging. Mulberry is propagated by seeds, cuttings and layering.

sheferdia

Shepherdia is a multi-stemmed sprawling plant 2-4 m high, with inclined intertwining branches. The leaves are dense, oblong, silvery on both sides. Like sea buckthorn, sheferdia is dioecious: on some plants only male flowers, on others - only female. Flower buds are formed on annual shoots and continuation shoots. Flowers are collected in inflorescences. Cross pollination. The plant blooms in late March-early April before the leaves bloom. It enters fruiting at the age of 2-3 years, annually. Fruits (0.5 cm) are red, juicy, sweet and sour. Shepherdia is undemanding to the soil and growing conditions, photophilous, frost and drought resistant. Shepherdia is propagated by seeds, cuttings, root suckers, which are formed at a distance of 1-2 m from the tree. At 10-12 years old shepherdia gives 7-10 kg of yield per bush. Shepherdia berries contain sugars, acids, carotene, catechins, vitamin C, tannins. Its fruits are used fresh and for the preparation of jams, compotes, sauces, jellies, oils, medicinal preparations, dried.

Rose hip

Type of wild rose. Usually upright shrubs. Stems and branches usually with thorns. The leaves are mostly unpaired, with paired stipules, falling down. The flowers are not double, solitary, pink. Rose hips are valuable vitamin-bearing plants; some species accumulate a large amount of vitamin C in the fruits in combination with other vitamins. Rose hips are eaten fresh, dried and canned.

Eleutherococcus

A low-branched shrub with erect stems reaching a height of two to seven meters. The average height ranges from three to five meters. The plant has a highly branched root system, located mostly in the upper soil layer. Eleutherococcus reproduces by root and rhizomatous offspring. The branches of Eleutherococcus resemble lignified due to the light gray or grayish-brown bark covering them. Young shoots differ from old ones in the presence of many thin needle-like spikes, densely placed on the branch and directed with the tip down, slightly obliquely. The thorns are very thin and slightly bent at the ends, and therefore they easily cling and are poorly removed from the skin if the plant is handled carelessly during the collection and harvesting of raw materials. The leaves of the plant also differ in originality. Eleutherococcus leaves are placed on fifteen-centimeter petioles and have a very unusual color and shape. Eleutherococcus is a flowering plant, flowering time is the second half of July - the beginning of August. Eleutherococcus flowers are small and are placed on long thin pedicels. They are collected at the top of the branches in spherical umbrella-shaped inflorescences, which have a strong, persistent and very peculiar aroma. The individuality of these flowers lies in the fact that, depending on the "gender", they have a different color, which is quite rare in nature. So, same-sex and staminate, in other words, male, flowers are painted in a pale purple color, and pistillate, female, are most often yellowish. Following the time of flowering comes the time of fruit ripening. In Eleutherococcus, it occurs in September - October, and the fruits are formed only on the upper, largest, umbrella. Ripe berry-shaped black fruits are slightly oblong or round in shape, slightly gleaming in the light of the sun's rays due to their shiny surface. Their size varies from seven to ten centimeters. At the time of ripening, the pulp of the berries is juicy, yellowish-green in color, with a faint but pleasant smell and a burning taste. Hence one of the names - "wild pepper". Gradually, the pulp of the berries dries out and becomes crumbly. Its flattened bones, and there are usually up to five of them in one berry, are distributed around the area by fruit-eating birds. Abundant fruiting is observed in Eleutherococcus only once every two years, but its fruits remain on the bushes for a very long time, sometimes even until the first snow falls. The most favorable for the development of Eleutherococcus are moistened and well-heated by the sun slopes of southern exposures, that is, places with especially elevated moisture conditions.

Oenothera

Perennial rhizomatous herbaceous plant with a height of 30 to 120 cm. The stems are straight, stiffly pubescent. The leaves are simple, oval-lanceolate. The flowers are large, often fragrant, yellow, collected in long racemose inflorescences, rarely solitary or two. Open in the evening and at night, during the day - only in cloudy weather. Bloom from June to September. The fruit is a multi-seeded capsule. There are about 3000 seeds in 1 g. Winter and drought resistant. Grow well in sunny places. In the shade, their flowers are open during the day. The soil is light, well-drained, neutral, fresh, rich in nutrients.

Apple tree decorative

Yaskolka

Ground cover plant 10-15 cm high, ideal for sunny places. Densely intertwined stems form a dense carpet of a silvery-white hue, which is given to it by small lanceolate pubescent leaves. In June, numerous white flowers make the plant even more expressive. Growing in all directions with underground shoots and easily rooted stems, it quickly fills the space allotted to it, while not sparing small plants and meekly yielding to larger and stronger ones. Withstands multiple shearing, which is used to obtain repeated flowering.

Yasnotka

Lamb - a perennial plant with recumbent, strongly branching stems rooting at the nodes; flowering stems are erect. Plants during growth rapidly capture the territory, forming thick carpet. Often used as ground cover plants and for areas of land that need to be greened in a short time. Lambs are valued for their unpretentiousness and high decorativeness from early spring to frost.

Shrubs differ from trees in that they do not have a well-defined main trunk. Forest shrubs are well adapted to life under the canopy of trees, they are quite shade-tolerant. Almost all of our shrubs have juicy, brightly colored fruits, which are not always edible for humans. But for birds, this is the most common food. By eating fruits, birds contribute to the spread of seeds. The largest group of shrubs belongs to the Rosaceae family: bird cherry, common mountain ash, blood-red hawthorn, wild rose. All these shrubs with edible fruits are also medicinal. From the same family, there is also cotoneaster chokeberry. From the honeysuckle family, common viburnum grows, and gooseberries are represented by red and black currants.

The forest is a very complex plant community. On the example of a mixed forest, the elements of the forest are clearly visible. It contains a wide variety of plants - from large trees to small mosses. In a forest plant community, several tiers of plants can usually be distinguished. The upper tier is formed by trees, below there is a tier of shrubs, then grass-shrub vegetation and moss-lichen cover. The main elements of longline vegetation:

The tree stand (tree layer) can be represented by several tiers. I tier of light-loving species with loose openwork crowns - pine and birch; II tier of shade-tolerant spruce with a dense dense crown, which grows well under the canopy of a forest stand and puts up with a lack of lighting.

Coniferous forests are divided into dark coniferous and light coniferous, depending on the dominant species. Dark coniferous forests form spruce, fir and Siberian cedar. Light coniferous forests - pines and larches. All these conifers, except for larch, retain needles all year round. Larch needles are tender, falling for the winter.

The spruce forest is a very special, original plant community. This forest is gloomy, shady, wet. Spruce creates very strong shading, and under its canopy can be loose, openwork, they let in a lot of light. Under the pine canopy in different soils, only fairly shade-tolerant plants exist. There are usually few shrubs in a spruce forest, on the soil there is a solid green carpet of mosses, against which a few taiga grasses and shrubs grow.

The pine forest is a completely different plant community. The crowns of pines in comparatively conditions are dominated by various plants. But they largely repeat spruce forests.

Small-leaved forests are forests of light-loving deciduous species with a small leaf blade - aspen and birch. Birch is found almost throughout our country. Such a wide distribution of it is due to the fact that it is very unpretentious in relation to the climate. Birch is also undemanding to soil conditions. The birch is called the pioneer tree. It very quickly captures any free piece of land - abandoned arable land, conflagrations, slopes near roads, clearings. And all because the tree annually and abundantly bears fruit, and the smallest winged fruits are easily carried by the wind over a considerable distance. Birch is very photophilous and does not tolerate shading at all. Therefore, usually in the forest it is sooner or later replaced by other trees, especially spruce. Birch is one of our most beautiful trees. If you hurt a birch trunk in early spring, birch sap oozes from it drop by drop. The economic use of birch is wide and varied: the manufacture of furniture and skis, coal, tar and, of course, firewood. Aspen is also widespread. This tree is relatively unpretentious to climatic conditions, but does not tolerate dry and too poor soil. In autumn, the crowns of aspens are very elegant: the leaves are painted in different colors - from yellow to cumac red. Aspen is a dioecious plant: on some trees there are only staminate inflorescences (male); on others, the catkins consist of many small pistillate flowers. Aspen seeds are very small and quickly lose their germination capacity. Therefore, aspen in the forest reproduces almost exclusively in a vegetative way - root offspring. Up to a dozen or more root suckers can form on one root. Some of them are removed from the mother tree by 30-35 meters. In the deciduous forest, the ground cover is richer. There are many flowering plants: bathing suit, geranium, anemone, buttercup, cornflower, skerda, gravel, bluebell, bedstraw; many medicinal: lungwort, agrimony, burnet, horsetail, volodushka, wintergreen; poisonous ones can also be found: raven eye, kupena, hellebore. On the example of a deciduous forest, the elements of the forest are very well traced: I tier - deciduous trees- aspen, birch; II tier - spruce; undergrowth - pine, spruce; undergrowth - berry bushes, willow, alder; ZHNP - forbs, including medicinal and poisonous plants; litter - plant litter (foxes, needles, branches) of varying degrees of decomposition.

Almost all types of trees and shrubs growing in Siberia can be found on the ecological path. From conifers - this is Siberian spruce, common pine, from deciduous - warty birch, trembling poplar (aspen). A variety of shrubs: blood-red hawthorn, red elderberry, red derain, common honeysuckle, several types of willows (goat, gray, basket), common viburnum, chokeberry cotoneaster, common juniper, Siberian mountain ash, red and black currants, willow spirea, bird cherry , common rosehip.

Scotch pine (Pinussilvestris).

The crown of a pine tree is ovoid-rounded, and in trees growing in freedom, for example, at the edge, the crown is low and spreading. It reaches a height of 30-40 meters or more, up to 100 cm in diameter. The needles are bluish-green, convex above, flat, hard, pointed below, up to 8 cm long and up to 2 mm wide. The life span of needles is 2-3 years. On the branches of pine needles are arranged in pairs. This arrangement of needles is a characteristic feature of this tree species. The needles remain connected in pairs not only during life, but also after death. Not a single needle falls, but a completely shortened shoot. Mass fall of dry pine needles occurs in September. And shortly before that, in August, a kind of variegation is clearly visible in the crowns of pines: part of the needles is green, and part is yellow. If you look closely, it is not difficult to notice that the green needles are located at the ends of the branches, i.e. on the shoots of this year and last year, and yellow on older shoots that are already three years old. Bark on different parts of the tree of varying thickness and different color: in the lower part of the trunk, it is usually thicker and coarser, furrowed, red-brown, almost gray; in the middle and upper parts of the trunk and on large branches of the crown - yellowish-red, peeling off in thin plates. Male spikelets are yellow or reddish, sitting crowded on short legs at the base of young shoots of the current year. Female cones are oval, reddish during flowering. Pollination occurs in the spring with the assistance of the wind, and fertilization occurs in the summer of the following year. Pine produces a huge amount of pollen. Whole clouds of it are carried by the wind in a pine forest, when the trees are "dusty". If it rains at this time, then pollen floats on the surface of the puddles in the form of an abundant yellow powder. The unusual extravagance of the pine in relation to pollen is understandable. Only a tiny percentage of it falls on the so-called female cones and produces pollination. The rest of the mass dies. Pine pollen is carried far by the wind thanks to special devices that improve its "aeronautical" properties. On the sides of each dust grain there are two voluminous sacs filled with air. They reduce specific gravity pollen and thus increase the flight range. Pine cones ripen in autumn, and the seeds from them begin to fall asleep in the spring of the next year. Pine seeds are similar in appearance to spruce seeds. It is not difficult to distinguish them by the way the seed is attached to the wing. In a pine tree, the seed is squeezed between two processes of the wing, as if it is covered from the sides with tweezers. In spruce, the seed lies in the recess of the wing, like a plum in a tablespoon. Pine seedlings are small plants whose stem is shorter than a match and no thicker than an ordinary sewing needle. At the top of the stalk there is a bundle of very thin cotyledon needles radiating in all directions. Young pines several meters high have a peculiar appearance. The side branches of such trees depart from the main trunk in regular whorl tiers. The tree has, as it were, floors of branches. Every year another whorl is added. Therefore, how many tiers of branches a pine has, so many years old it is. Knowing this feature of pine growth, it is not difficult to determine the age of a young tree.

Pine is a fast growing breed. The maximum increase in height on the best soils occurs at the age of 15-20 years, on the worst - at 25 years. At the age of 40-50 years, the increase in height slows down, and then stops altogether. In diameter, the tree grows throughout its life. Pine lives up to 300-350 years, rarely up to 400 years or more. Scotch pine is not demanding on the climate. Able to tolerate severe droughts and high dryness of air and soil. Pine has a plastic root system that develops in accordance with the nature and structure of the soil. In conditions with insufficient water supply, the pine develops a superficial, highly developed root system and an underdeveloped taproot. On fresh, well-drained, deep sandy, sandy and loamy soils, pine usually develops a powerful root system with a tap root that goes 1.5-2m or more into the soil. To the light, the pine is very demanding and in this respect is second only to the larch. The pine has a loose, openwork crown, which lets in a lot of light, so the pine forest is always light. The range of Scotch pine in the country is huge. It grows in vast areas of the European and Asian parts of the country and goes north almost to the border of woody vegetation.

It is difficult to overestimate the economic, aesthetic, sanitary-hygienic and recreational value of pine and the plantations it forms. All parts of a pine tree, from buds, needles and ending with stump and roots, are a very valuable raw material for woodworking, pulp and paper, wood chemical, medical and other industries. Pine wood has been used by man since time immemorial. It is very widely used in civil and industrial construction, in the construction of railways and highways, bridges, telegraph and telephone lines, in the mining industry, in carpentry and furniture production, in sawmilling, etc. Industrial pine wood has unlimited demand on the international market . Wastes from logging and sawmilling are valuable raw materials for the wood chemical industry. Methyl and ethyl alcohols, resins, turpentine, phenols, rosin, carbon dioxide, fodder yeast, crystalline glucose and other products are obtained from them. By tapping, resin is obtained, and from the latter - turpentine and rosin. Pine also has medicinal value. In medicine, pine buds are widely used, collected in the spring before they bloom. Pine needles are rich in vitamin C and carotene. Pine seeds contain a lot of fatty oil. Pine is of great importance for protecting soils from erosion, improving climatic conditions and the water regime of the territory. It is widely used in the creation of shelterbelts, the strengthening of moving sands, the afforestation of river banks and ravine-beam systems; it is used for landscaping cities, workers' settlements. In pine forests, a large number of mushrooms, berries and a very important wood chemical raw material - resin are harvested.

Pine wood is shiny, soft, resinous, difficult to bend, easily pricked. Pine forests supply a huge amount of oxygen to the atmosphere and absorb carbon dioxide. They have high phytoncidal properties.

Siberian spruce -Piceaobovata

Siberian spruce differs from common spruce in smaller (5-8 cm long) ovoid-cylindrical cones, and occupies more space. Tree up to 30-35m high and up to 1.2m in diameter. The crown is dense, pyramidal, pointed. The trunk is straight and in plantations half cleared of branches. The bark is thin, at a young age smooth, brownish, later rough, scaly or furrowed. The needles are tetrahedral, pointed, 10-25 mm long and 2-3 mm wide, shiny, dark green, kept on the branches for 5-7 years. Spruce blooms simultaneously with bird cherry, in spring. Her flowering is noticeable, colorful. At the ends of the branches in the upper part of the crown, bright red female cones the size of a thimble appear, sticking up. Male cones are smaller than female ones, have a red or greenish-yellow color. The crowns of some fir trees during the flowering period are decorated with many bright red male cones, which stand out beautifully among the green needles. Spruce "dusts" very plentifully. Powdered pollen spreads far around, settles on various objects. Cones ripen in September-October in the year of spruce flowering. The fall of seeds from the cones begins in March-April and continues until autumn. Spruce seeds give rise to tiny seedlings that are very similar to pine shoots. In the forest, seedlings of spruce are quite rare, because. weak spine young plant often unable to break through a powerful layer of dry fallen needles. But there are many shoots on rotten deadwood, on stumps. To drastically increase the number of spruce shoots under the forest canopy, foresters use a special technique - peeling off the litter. When growing in open areas, spruce begins to bear fruit from 15, in forest stands from 25-30 years. Spruce reproduces by seeds, but can produce layering and reproduce vegetatively. The root system of spruce is mostly superficial, the tap root is not developed or absent, and the tree is often wind-driven. Spruce is much more demanding on soils than pine and develops best on fresh loamy and sandy loam, as well as on humus soils with running water along forest streams and rivers. Spruce is demanding not only on soil moisture, but also on its fertility. This tree does not grow in extremely nutrient-poor upland (sphagnum) marshes and barren sands. The shade tolerance of spruce is well known. Spruce is very sensitive to late spring frosts, they destroy its young, just appeared, not yet strong shoots.

The "secret" of spruce is interesting - its ability to respond to weather changes. Below the crowns on the trunks there are long and thin dead branches, devoid of needles, which change their position depending on changes in humidity. If the weather is wet, rainy, the branches are horizontal or even slightly curved upwards, like sabers. But when there is no rain for a long time, the branches droop and bend in the opposite direction.

Spruce lives up to 250-300 years, Individual trees - up to 500 years.

Spruce wood is light, soft, whitish or grayish-red, widely used in construction, in paper and pulp production, in carpentry and furniture, in the manufacture of musical instruments, mine racks, railway sleepers, poles, goes to various crafts and firewood. Spruce accounts for the majority of world paper production. In our age of rapid progress of civilization, the need for paper is exceptionally great and a huge amount of it is needed. Statisticians have calculated: in one year in all countries of the world, so much paper is produced that, if one were to make one whole sheet of ordinary thickness from it, it would have fantastic dimensions - one could wrap the entire globe in it, like a head of cheese! Spruce bark is rich in tannins and is used as a cheap tanning agent. When tapping spruce plantations, resin is obtained containing up to 17% turpentine and 75% rosin used in medicine and technology.

Warty birch -Betulaverricosa.

Birch is the most popular tree in our country and perhaps the most beautiful. It is found in the wild almost throughout our country. A tree up to 30m high and up to 80cm in diameter. The crown is branched, but not dense. Branching in birch is sympodial. The bark is white, smooth, on older trees from below deeply fissured, black. Birch bark is the protective cover of a tree. It consists of many dead empty cells, firmly glued together with a special substance. Breathing is carried out through special vents in the birch bark - lentils, which are closed for the winter. Birch bark cells contain a special dye - betulin. The buds are bare, sticky. The leaves are triangular-rhombic or rhombic, doubly serrated, up to 7 cm long and up to 5 cm wide. Young shoots are bare, with resinous wart glands. The first spring phase of birch development is the beginning of sap flow. About a month after the start of sap flow, two other important phenological phases can be observed - the appearance of the first leaves on the birch (greening) and flowering (dusting). After 2.5 months, birch seeds ripen and begin to disperse. Autumn coloring (yellowing) of leaves and leaf fall occur earlier in northern latitudes, gradually moving south. Leaf fall ends in October. Birch begins to bear fruit early, abundantly and annually. Frequent and plentiful fruiting, the ease of dispersal of seeds over considerable distances, and rapid growth contribute to the successful settlement of birch in spaces free from other vegetation and the formation of pure birch forests. Warty birch wood has high physical and mechanical properties and is widely used in the national economy. It is the main raw material for the plywood industry. Especially appreciated in the furniture industry.

birch fluffyBetulapubescens.

Tree up to 20m high, with pubescent branches. Leaves are oval or ovate, 4-6 cm long. The downy birch often grows together with the warty birch, occupying the most low-lying locations with wet or damp soils. Can grow on swampy peat soils. The downy birch leaves and blooms almost simultaneously with the warty birch. It is used in the national economy in the same way as warty birch.

The wide distribution of birch (its various species) is explained by the fact that it is very unpretentious in relation to the climate. Birch is also undemanding to soil conditions. It can grow on a wide variety of soils - ranging from very dry and poor sands to lowland swamps, where there is excess water and a lot of nutrients. The birch is called the pioneer tree. It very quickly captures any free piece of land - abandoned arable land, conflagrations, slopes near roads, etc. Birch is very photophilous and does not tolerate shading at all. Therefore, usually in the forest it is sooner or later replaced by other trees, especially spruce. The widespread distribution of birch is due to two reasons. Firstly, the fact that its tiny winged fruits are easily carried by the wind and often turn out to be very far from the mother tree. Secondly, birch is an unpretentious tree species. It can grow in any soil.

The economic use of this tree is wide and varied. Birch firewood gives a lot of heat and in this respect is probably inferior only to oak. Skis, furniture, various turning products are made from birch. Of great value are painful influxes on the trunks of birches - caps. These influxes are widely used for various crafts. Excellent coal is obtained from birch, tar is produced. Birch brooms are also in great demand. Birch bark is a good tool for kindling stoves and fires. And our ancestors used birch bark as a material for writing - a kind of "northern papyrus". And birch sap is very useful. However, this makes the plant very depleted.

Aspen - trembling poplarPopulustremula.

Dioecious tree up to 35m high and up to 1m in diameter. This tree is the closest relative of poplars, since these trees have similar flowers and fruits in their structure. The Latin name of aspen, translated into Russian, means "trembling poplar". Aspen really has trembling leaves. The crown is ovoid or wide-cylindrical. The bark is greenish-olive, smooth, on old trees in the lower part of the trunk is dark gray, fissured. Buds are sticky, ovoid, brownish. Leaves on shortened shoots are rounded, 3-7 cm long and almost the same width, gray-green, on long, flattened petioles in the upper part, giving the leaves instability, which makes them tremble even in light wind. Leaves on elongated shoots and shoots are triangular-elliptical or ovate, larger. Flower buds are larger than leaf buds and are laid in summer. Earrings 4-15 cm long and up to 2 cm thick, pubescent. Aspen blooms in April - early May before the leaves bloom. The duration of the flowering period is one week. Seeds mature in an average of 35 days and begin to disperse. The seeds are small, yellowish-gray or black, equipped with silky hairs and carried by the wind over long distances. Aspen seeds quickly lose their germination after ripening. Therefore, seedlings can only appear if the seeds immediately fall on moist soil. Foliation occurs 20 days after flowering. Autumn coloring of aspen leaves begins in August-September, and leaf fall ends in October. The leaves are painted in orange and golden yellow tones and give the tree a great decorative effect. Aspen begins to bloom from 10-12 years. Flowering and fruiting annually. Propagated by seeds and root suckers. The growth gives only from the stumps of young aspens. The aspen root system is powerful, but superficial, the taproot develops only in a young aspen. Outside the crown, aspen roots go up to 35 m. It is very photophilous, and its plantings are quickly thinned out. Exceptionally cold hardy. Grows extremely fast. This is one of the fastest growing domestic poplars. V best conditions growth by the age of 50 gives up to 400 m3 of wood per 1 ha. The soil is demanding. Prefers fresh and moist humus loams and sandy loams, as well as gray forest loams. Tolerates some soil salinity. Lives up to 150 years, sometimes longer. Aspen is cut at the age of 40-60-80 years, depending on the area of ​​​​its growth. It is early damaged by various rots, barbels and other pests.

Aspen wood is white, soft, light, easily pricked, well processed and is widely used in the national economy: for the manufacture of matches, cellulose, plywood, barrel staves, shingles, shovels, toys, various handicrafts, used in construction, for firewood.

Siberian rowan -Sorbussibirica.

Deciduous shrub of the apple subfamily. It reaches a height of 15-17m and a diameter of up to 30cm. Shoots of two types: elongated and shortened. Kidneys 8-15 mm long, with petiolate scales. The leaves are compound, pinnate, serrated. Flowers are five-petalled, in complex terminal corymbs. Fruit 2-5-celled apples, spherical, red, bitter-sour. Rowan fruits ripen in August-September and remain on the bush for a long time. They are the most important food for upland game - hazel grouse, etc., as well as fieldfare thrush, which ensure the distribution of rowan seeds over long distances. The fruits contain vitamin C. Seeds are oblong, trihedral. Abundant harvests of mountain ash are repeated in 1-2 years. The mountain ash blossoms and bears fruit annually. Mountain ash reproduces by seeds, root offspring and shoots from a stump. Rowan grows on different soils. But it reaches the best development on fresh fertile sandy and loamy soils. It is a soil-improving breed due to the abundant and easily mineralized litter. Very winter-hardy and shade-tolerant, grows even under the canopy of dark coniferous forests. Long-lived, lives up to 60 (100) years. In forests, it grows in the undergrowth. It is a valuable forest fruit, ornamental, melliferous, medicinal and tannic plant. Rowan wood is durable, colored, used in furniture and turning industries, used for handles for hand tools and for various crafts. The bark contains up to 14% tannins.

Hawthorn blood red -Crataegussanguinea.

A large shrub with long straight spines and purplish-brown shiny shoots. The leaves are shallow, 3-7-lobed with a wedge-shaped base, serrate, glabrous. The flowers are white, in corymbose inflorescences. Blooms in May-June. The flowers are honey-bearing, with an unpleasant odor. Pollinators are flies, beetles, bees. The fruits are spherical or oblong, blood-red, shiny. with 3-4 seeds, edible. Ripens at the end of August. Very winter hardy. Hawthorn reproduces by seeds, gives shoots from a stump, root offspring, layering. For spring sowing seeds must be stratified in the fall. Begins to bear fruit at 10-15 years of age. It is very durable, lives up to 300-400 years or more. It is undemanding to soils, but reaches the best development on fresh fertile soils. It tolerates shearing well and is usually used to create dense and impenetrable hedges and edges. Winter-hardy. Tolerates some shade, but grows best in open areas. It is often used in ornamental gardening to create groups, curtains, alleys and single plantings. Hawthorn wood is hard, flexible, strong, reddish and yellowish in color, used for turning, carving and other crafts.

Viburnum ordinary -Viburnumopulus.

Genus of small shrubs, up to 5 meters tall, with falling lobed opposite leaves. The flowers are white, regular, five-membered in corymbose inflorescences, on long peduncles, marginal large, barren, internal bisexual, smaller. There are always two types of flowers in viburnum inflorescences. The large outer flowers serve to attract pollinating insects and fall to the ground without producing fruit. But small internal ones fully fulfill their biological purpose: fruits grow from them by autumn. Viburnum blooms in late May - early June after full foliage. The drupes are bright red, juicy, bitter, become edible after freezing, ripen at the end of September and remain on the plants for a long time, contain vitamin C. Kalina reproduces by seeds, gives shoots from the stump and layering. Shade-tolerant, however, it reaches the best development in bright places and on the edges. It prefers the banks of rivers and lakes, it also grows on well-moistened loamy soils in mixed and coniferous forests, as well as in shrubs. It is bred everywhere in gardens and parks as a very ornamental plant. Especially decorative in bloom. Kalina without flowers and fruits is unremarkable: its palmate-lobed leaves are a bit like grape leaves, but much smaller. They are located opposite on the branches. In winter, viburnum branches can be recognized by the characteristic shape of the buds. Each of them has a rounded top and looks like a drop of water. All buds are tightly pressed to the stem, as if fused with it. The bark, shoots, flowers and fruits of viburnum are used in medicine. The wood is hard, sometimes used for small crafts. Viburnum flowers are honey-bearing..

Cotoneaster chokeberry -Cotoneastermelanocarpa.

Shrub up to 2 meters high. The leaves of the shrub are simple, alternate, entire, dark green above and whitish-felt below. The flowers are small, pink in drooping racemes, with hairy or tomentose peduncles. The fruits are spherical, black, with 2-3 seeds, mealy, black, remaining on the plant for a long time after ripening. Blooms in April-May. The fruits ripen in September-October. The cotoneaster is propagated by seeds, layering, and can be propagated by cuttings. Seeds remain viable for 1-2 years. It is undemanding to soils, grows on a wide variety of soils. Quite winter-hardy. Decorative and widely used in landscaping. It tolerates shearing well and forms very dense hedges.

Siberian juniper -Juniperussibirica.

Dioecious shrub, up to 2 meters high, often creeping. The needles are needle-shaped, steam room. The bark is smooth, brown. Cone berries with a diameter of 5-7 mm, mature brown-black, with a bluish bloom, ripen in the fall in the second year after flowering. In the first summer, the cone is green and hard, when ripe it is bluish-black, soft, with a bluish wax coating, almost sessile. Juniper seeds are oblong, brown, trihedral, hard-skinned, with resin glands. Seedlings with two cotyledons. Begins to bear fruit from 5-10 years old. It is not picky about the soil. However, it reaches the best development on fresh sandy and sandy loamy soils of the taiga zone. Juniper is not demanding on climate and is very cold-resistant. It grows relatively slowly. Differs in durability. Propagated by seeds, layering and cuttings. Cone berries contain an average of 20-25% sugars (including 30% fruit), about 2% essential oil. Berry syrup is used in Food Industry and medicine. Juniper berry is also used in alcoholic beverage production. Juniper wood with a yellow-brown heartwood and white sapwood is fine-layered. It has a specific smell, reminiscent of the smell of pepper. Juniper wood is particularly resistant to decay and insect damage. The use of juniper wood is local in nature: it is used for small carpentry and turning crafts. Juniper is suitable for hedges, as it tolerates a haircut well.

Marsh wild rosemary -Ledumpalustre.

Evergreen shrub up to 1 meter tall. The leaves are linear, alternate, the edges are bent down. From above, the leaves are green, shiny, wrinkled, with small yellowish ones, and from below they are covered with red felt. Ledum belongs to the heather family. Ledum blooms in May-June, bears fruit in August-September. The flowers are white, sometimes reddish, collected in umbellate inflorescences. The fruit is an oblong box drooping on a long stem. Seeds are small, with pterygoid outgrowths at the ends. The first and second year branches are rich in volatile essential oils and are used in the perfume industry. The smell of wild rosemary intoxicates and causes a headache. The whole plant is highly poisonous, but in small doses it has healing properties. For medicinal purposes, wild rosemary leaves are used.

All tree species of trees are valuable, as they provide the largest amount of building and ornamental wood and other forest products.

Coniferous trees are the most important representatives of the gymnosperms subdivision. The value of conifers growing in our forests is diverse. The main use of conifers is in construction, the production of lumber. Compared with conifers in our wild-growing dendroflora, the number of angiosperms, their families, genera and species is enormous. The value of deciduous is exceptionally great. They provide the most diverse wood for various industries. National economy, many edible fruits and seeds, tanning and dyeing, medicinal and aromatic substances, their leaves serve as food for domestic and wild animals.

All tree and shrub vegetation found on the ecological path also finds a wide and varied use among the population and enterprises of the region and the region. In the area, wood is used for building materials, lumber or firewood. But, basically, roundwood of valuable coniferous species is being exported outside the region. Shrubs find a narrower use. The population uses berries for food and as medicinal raw materials.

Used Books:

1. Astakhova V.G. "Treasures in the swamps", Moscow.: Timber industry, 1976, 80s.

2. Grozdova N.B. Library "Tree Species" - Bereza, Moscow.: Timber industry, 1979 - 78s.

3. Petrov V.V. "The World of Forest Plants", Moscow.: Nauka, 1978. -166p.

4. Petrov V.V. " Vegetable world of our Motherland", Moscow, "Enlightenment", 1991.-207s

5. Pobedinsky A.V. Pine. Moscow.: Forest industry, 1979. - 125p.

6. Rodionova A.S. "Forest Botany" Moscow, "Forest industry", 1980. 248s.

7. Shimanyuk A.P. "Dendrology", "Forest Industry", 1974, 264.