Hawthorn with bright pink flowers. Hawthorn - types of varieties with photos and descriptions
Hawthorn is a shrub that can be found in the temperate latitudes of the northern hemisphere. It is widely known as good, decorative and. Consider a photo and description of the most common types.
Regular or prickly
This species is distributed throughout Europe. It is a small tree or shrub, reaching a height of 8 m. The leaves are oval, three-lobed, placed on petioles up to 2 cm long. The surface of the leaf blade is bare, dark green above and light green below. The bark of the tree is light gray in color, but the branches are red-brown, covered with a few spines up to 2 cm long. The shrub blooms in small inflorescences. 
The flowers are white or pink, up to 1.5 cm in diameter. The fruits are spherical, elongated, up to 1 cm in diameter, red-brown in color. The juicy pulp of the fruit contains 2-3 seeds. Flowering period - May-June, fruiting - August. The fruits and flowers of the common are used in traditional medicine how medicine. They are eaten fresh and canned.
Important! Hawthorn is used in folk medicine as a cardiovascular and sedative. However, along with the beneficial effect, this plant also has contraindications. It is not recommended to use it for pregnant and lactating women.
Altaic
In nature, Altai hawthorn grows in Central and Central Asia. The tree reaches a height of 6 m, it can be attributed to light-loving plants that live on stony with a moderate content of mineral elements. Leaf blades are bare, oval-triangular in shape, bluish-green in color. Flowers are collected in umbellate inflorescences of white color. 
Fruits are spherical in shape, up to 1 cm in diameter, orange-yellow in color. The pulp contains 5 seeds. Fruiting occurs in the sixth year. Altai hawthorn has good winter hardiness and average growth rate. The species is protected in nature reserves. Flowers and fruits are used in folk medicine.
fan-shaped
In the wild, it is found in the northeastern regions of North America. Since it belongs to frost-resistant, drought-resistant and not demanding plants, it is also distributed in culture on the territory of Russia in the northwestern regions. 
This multi-stemmed tree reaches 6 m in height, the branches of which are covered with numerous curved spines up to 6 cm long. Diamond-shaped leaf blades are placed on petioles up to 4 cm long. The flowers are white, reach a diameter of up to 2 cm and are collected in inflorescences. Fruits of a bright red color of an ellipsoidal form with juicy pulp. The plant blooms in, bears fruit in September. Often used to create .
Dahurian
The range of this species is located in the southern regions of Eastern Siberia, the Far East, the northern part of China and Mongolia. Bushy trees, reaching a height of 6 m, can often be found on mountain slopes, in river valleys, among shrubs. Branches of a lilac shade have spines up to 2 cm long. Oblong leaf blades with a pointed end, not lowered, grow on petioles up to 1.5 cm long. 
White flowers with purple anthers are collected in inflorescences. The fruits are edible, spherical in shape, red-orange in color. Shrub blooms in May, bears fruit in September. In autumn, the leaves of the Daurian hawthorn turn red. Used as a medicinal plant and decorative purpose as .
Douglas
In nature, it grows in the north and east of the United States and southwest Canada. The tree trunk reaches a height of up to 13 m, and a diameter of up to 50 cm. The branches can be drooping and form a dense crown. They have virtually no thorns. The bark is brown, the branches have a reddish tint. The leaf blade is oval in shape with a pointed apex, dark green above and lighter below. It is located on a petiole up to 2 cm long. 
White flowers are collected in inflorescences of 10-20 pieces. The anthers on the stamens are pale yellow or pinkish. The fruits are black, elliptical in shape and form drooping clusters. The flesh is light yellow, sweet in taste. It is used for decorative purposes in alley plantings, parks and gardens.
green meat
In wild nature this species distributed in Kamchatka, Sakhalin, Primorye, Japan. Introduced to the USA and Western Europe since 1880. The tree reaches a height of up to 6 m, has a pyramidal crown and prefers to grow in the forest zone. The bark is gray and yellow-brown, the young shoots are purple and the buds are black. The branches are covered with short spines up to 1.5 cm long. 
Leaf blades are ovate, 9-11 lobed, placed on petioles up to 2 cm long. Flowers are white, collected in dense inflorescences. The anthers on the stamens are purple-black. Ripe fruits of a wax-black color have a spherical shape with a diameter of up to 1 cm. The flesh is green. used as ornamental plant for park and alley landings.
Large anthered or large prickly
The most common species in the US and southern Canada. It is also found in Russia. The bushy tree reaches up to 6 m in height with a trunk diameter of up to 20 cm? prefers lime-containing soils. The trunk is covered with light brown or gray bark in the form of oblong plates. Young branches are reddish-brown with numerous curved, glossy spines up to 14 cm long. 
Leaves - elliptically pointed on short shoots, measuring 7 cm by 5 cm, bright red when blooming. Later, the leaf blade acquires a leathery dark green color, and yellow-red in autumn. The flowers are collected in corymbose inflorescences on thin long hairy pedicels. The petals are white and the anthers of the stamens are pale yellow. Apple-shaped fruits up to 8 mm in diameter are collected in upright clusters. Their color is bright red, shiny, the flesh is dark yellow, dry.
The flowering period is the beginning, fruiting - the beginning of October. Winter hardiness and growth rates are average. It is used to create living barriers, as it is the most prickly species with dense foliage.
Soft or semi-soft
The soft hawthorn is characterized as a large-fruited species. Its main feature are delicious fruits. The habitat of the soft hawthorn covers the northeastern part of North America. Since 1830, it has been distributed in the European territory of Russia. Tree up to 8 m tall, prefers to grow on wet slopes and forest edges. The crown is dense, spherical in shape. The bark is light grey. 
The shoots are green at first, and later gray, covered with sharp spines up to 9 cm long. Leaf blades are oval, 3-4 lobed, dark green in color, change to red-brown by autumn. The flowers are large, up to 2.5 cm in diameter, collected in lowered corymbose inflorescences. Fruiting begins at 6 years of age. The fruits are red-orange with yellow flesh. Soft hawthorn is used as an ornamental and fruit species. Refers to winter-hardy plants that feel good in an urban environment.
Important! There are many that affect hawthorn. Butterflies (hawthorn, skinned, golden tail, ringed cocoon moth) affect leaves and buds, and the comma-shaped worm damages branches and trunk. Plants can get sick powdery mildew and leaf rust.
single-pistil
This species is distributed in Europe, northwest and southern Africa, the Near and Middle East, New Zealand, North America and Australia. The plant prefers heavy clay soils with lime content. It occurs on the edges of forests, on rocky slopes, near rivers. The tree grows up to 6 m in height and has a spherical elongated crown with cherry-colored branches, occasionally covered with small spines about 1 cm long. The bark is brownish-gray. 
Oval-shaped leaf blades, large-toothed, olive-green in color, are placed on grooved petioles up to 2 cm long. Flowers 1.5 cm in diameter, with white petals, are combined into erect inflorescences. The stamens have red anthers. The apple-shaped fruit is brownish-red in color and contains one seed. Within the framework of the species, many varieties of hawthorn are accommodated, differing in the shape of the crown, leaf blade, color and structure of the flower.
It has the widest application and distribution, since it is less demanding on humidity and temperature conditions than the common hawthorn. Winter hardiness of the plant is average.
By hybridization of this species, many varieties of hawthorn were bred with certain features:
- pyramidal crown.
- Twisted or weeping branches.
- Twisted spines.
- Terry flowers.
- The color of the flowers is white, pink, red, white with a red border.
- Fan-shaped, dissected form of the leaf blade.
- The color of the leaf blade with white, yellow, pink edging.
Pinnatifid
In the wild, it grows in the Far East of Russia, China and Korea. Since 1880 he has been moved to the gardens and parks of Western Europe and the USA. A light-loving tree or shrub prefers loamy, stony soil and grows in cutting areas and riverine forests. The bark is dark gray, young shoots are brown. The leaf blade is oblong-ovate, with 3 pairs of deeply dissected incisions, placed on a petiole about 5 cm long.
Inflorescences form white flowers, turning pink towards the end of flowering with pink anthers on the stamens. red fruit, pear-shaped with whitish dots. The pulp is dense, red. The plant is the most ornamental species and grows in urban environments. Winter hardiness is high.
Pontic
The distribution area covers Transcaucasia, Turkey, Central Asia, northern Iran. The tree grows up to 10 m in height, has a wide crown and prefers dry stony soils. The bark is dark gray, the young branches are pubescent, without thorns. The leaf blade is ovate-wedge-shaped with a five-part dissection, bluish-green in color, placed on a petiole about 1 cm long. 
White flowers with white anthers on stamens are united in small inflorescences. Greenish-yellow fruits up to 28 mm in diameter are covered with dots, have a rounded-faceted shape. The pulp is edible, fleshy, therefore it is widely used by the local population. The tree has a powerful root system, so it can serve to strengthen the slopes.
Did you know? In the Celtic tradition, it is believed that the hawthorn-it is a tree of forced chastity. According to English legend, where hawthorn, aspen and aspen grow together, fairies appear. But you should be wary of meeting them on Ivanov's Day or All Saints' Day. Spirits can bewitch or take away.
Siberian or blood red
In nature, it has a fairly extensive area of distribution in Western and Eastern Siberia, in the east of the European territory of Russia, Central Asia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia and China. Frost-resistant, unpretentious shrub or tree, reaching 4 m in height, prefers sandy-stone soils without a close level ground water. The life expectancy of a tree can reach 400 years. The bark of the trunk is dark brown, the young branches are blood red. 
The branches are covered with thick spines approximately 4 cm long. The leaf blades are broadly rhombic in shape, coarsely toothed, with 3-5 dense green lobes, placed on petioles up to 2 cm long. White flowers are combined in dense corymbose inflorescences with purple anthers on stamens. Abundant flowering occurs in June. The fruits are spherical elongated, blood-red color. When ripe, the pulp is powdery, transparent, sour-sweet.
The fruiting period is September-October, starting at 10-12 years of age. The tree grows very slowly, but for a long time. It has a wide application: in medicine, veterinary medicine, as an ornamental plant, in cooking, the bark is used as a tanning agent and for the manufacture of red dye for fabric, it is a good honey plant.
Siberian hawthorn, based on the database of the US Botanical Garden, (Missouri) has 8 varieties.
Spurred
The cockspur hawthorn comes from North America, but bears fruit well in the Moscow, Voronezh, Oryol regions of Russia and in the south of Primorsky Krai. deciduous tree, reaching a height of up to 8 m, with a rounded crown and a short trunk, grows well on the slopes of small mountains in soils that are formed as a result of weathering of rocks. The bark of the trunk has a gray-brown color and a lamellar shape.
Young shoots are red-brown in color with numerous spines 6-10 cm long, bent down. Leaf blades are elliptical in shape with a slightly pointed end, solid, dense, dark green in the upper part and lighter below, placed on petioles up to 2 cm long. White flowers are collected in bare inflorescences with pink anthers on the stamens. Fruits with a bluish bloom are apple-shaped, greenish or dark red in color. The pulp is dry. 
Flowering period - April, fruiting - October. Basically has decorative application, although it tolerates a haircut worse than other species. The color of the foliage becomes bright red in autumn, and the fruits do not fall until spring.
Did you know? Rowan pomegranate with sweet and sour fruits without bitterness was obtained by Michurin after pollination of rowan flowers with common pollen of blood-red hawthorn. This rowan variety has berries the size of small cherries. Write in the comments what questions you did not receive an answer to, we will definitely respond!
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Many gardeners are aware of how unique a plant such as hawthorn is. This deciduous shrub, which has a centuries-old and interesting history, is considered not only a fruit, but also a medicinal and decorative culture. That is why the plant is often used in large quantities to decorate the garden. The peculiarity of shrubs lies in endurance and unpretentiousness. There are many different varieties hawthorn, each of which has its own unique characteristics.
Peculiarities
To begin with, it should be said that the hawthorn group includes not only shrubs, but also small trees. Modern botany knows about 2 thousand varieties of this plant. Basically, most of the varieties germinate in North America. Even in ancient times, people used different parts of the hawthorn to make healing drinks. This is due to the fact that the plant has many useful properties due to the unique biochemical composition.
A feature of most species of hawthorn is the presence of a hard and dense bark. The wood is durable, making large-fruited shrubs resistant to strong gusts of wind and other weather conditions.
In Europe, hawthorn is used as an ornamental crop. For this reason, shrubs often adorn various picturesque parks.
Plant height ranges from 3 to 5 m, depending on the variety. Plants are protected by dense brown or gray bark. The height of the trees reaches 10–12 m, depending on the variety. Garden hawthorn is especially popular today. This plant not only decorates the site, but also pleases with a good yield. In addition, garden varieties are unpretentious, well resist external influences.
Species and varieties
Before you get acquainted with the main varieties of hawthorn, you should be aware that this plant belongs to the Pink family. The name in Latin sounds like Crataegus L.
One of the popular perennial varieties Pauls Scarlet is a tall plant with rather lush terry buds. The peculiarity of the common hawthorn is that the fruits on it appear quite rarely. But, if there are still berries, they can have a wide variety of shapes. Another fairly popular variety is the Timiryazevets hawthorn. It is presented as a tall, medium spreading tree with a straight trunk. The shoots of this hawthorn are medium, slightly curved. The mass of red and juicy berries ranges from 4–4.8 g.
Under natural conditions on the territory of the Far East, the Maksimovich hawthorn is quite common. The height of the plant can reach 7 m. The peculiarity of the hawthorn is that the fruits, which have a spherical shape, are covered with hairs during the ripening process. At the end of this period, they completely disappear.
No less popular among gardeners are such varieties as "Daursky", "Toba", "Douglas", "Crimean" and "Krategus". But, it should be said that these plants need special care. No less popular in horticulture is the Pontic hawthorn. The peculiarity of this species is that it sprouts exclusively in warm regions. Unlike most varieties, hawthorn has yellow berries, the surface of which is covered with spots.
One of the most undemanding plants is an Altai variety. When using this hawthorn to grow in your own garden, care should be taken to select moist soil. In height, the plant can reach 7–8 m. The fan-shaped hawthorn is a rather “prickly” variety. The shrub grows up to 6 m in height. The peculiarity of this species is the presence of curved spines up to 7 cm long. According to the description, hawthorn berries can be either yellow or red.
The variety with the interesting name "Paradise Apple" is distinguished by large and sweet fruits. Hawthorn is an ornamental species that tolerates frost well.
Many gardeners do not use its seedlings for growing, as they have to wait a long time for fruiting.
Another decorative species is the Cock Spur variety. The plant has wide-spreading shoots, its height can reach 12 m. The hawthorn has strong curved spines, which in their shape resemble a rooster's spur (hence the name of the variety). Unlike the previous species, the pinnatifid variety is not too tall (4–6 m). The peculiarity of the hawthorn is the absence of thorns.
One of the unique varieties is the five-petal hawthorn. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that it easily hybridizes with other plant species of this family.
plum-leaved
The main distinguishing feature of this variety is the presence of variegated foliage. The length of the tree reaches 6–7 m, the shoots are well branched, the plants have an asymmetric crown. Leaf color changes in summer and autumn. In the hot season, they are dark green in color. With the onset of autumn, the leaves turn bright orange or red. Fruiting variety falls at the end of summer. Bright red berries are round and have a pleasant taste.
Plum-leaved is one of the best options to create a hedge. This is due to the presence of dense branching, due to which the plant is distinguished by density and decorativeness. It is worth saying that this variety is a hybrid of the "Cock Spur" and large-thorn hawthorn.
For planting a plant, it is best to choose sunny places. In the shade, the hawthorn blooms poorly and bears fruit. The plant has a high shoot-forming ability. V spring time it is recommended to remove old and dry branches.
Siberian
This hawthorn belongs to fairly common crops. The blood red variety (as it is often referred to) is used as medicinal plant to fight various ailments. The height of the shrub can vary between 2–5 m. The hawthorn has a small number of thorns, dark green dull and rough leaves 3 to 6 cm long.
The flowering of the shrub falls at the end of May or the beginning of June. red berries Siberian variety have a shiny surface and a spherical shape. The average fruit diameter is 1 cm. Fruiting occurs in August and September. This variety of hawthorn is widely distributed in Western and Eastern Siberia. The plant needs soil with medium moisture, is highly resistant to frost.
For cultivation, it is best to choose well-lit areas, since the Siberian hawthorn is a light-loving crop.
softish
The main advantage of this species is the presence of juicy fruits with mealy pulp. This hawthorn is a representative of the American flora. For this reason, the plant needs moist soil. The soft hawthorn tree grows up to 8 m high. The plant has a spherical shape, there are large spines on the shoots. Large inflorescences with a pleasant smell appear on the shrub, resembling shields.
Fruiting hawthorn falls on the 6th year of his life. The berries are quite large, have a pear-shaped or obovate shape. Fruits with yellow flesh contain 3-5 seeds. Berries ripen at the end of September.
Chinese
By the name of this variety, you can understand that most often it grows in China, as well as Japan. This is a light-loving plant that tolerates both well-lit and dark areas. Chinese hawthorn reaches a height of up to 6 m, a distinctive feature is the complete absence of thorns on the branches. This variety belongs to decorative species.
What is combined with?
decorative trees and hawthorn bushes are good choice to decorate your own garden. Many gardeners know firsthand that the compatibility of certain crops on the site can be both beneficial and harmful to the plants themselves. Hawthorn goes well in the same area with cherries and sweet cherries. But, it should be taken into account that the minimum distance between crops should be at least 4 m. As for flowers, hawthorn goes well with chrysanthemums.
Creating a hedge
Quite often, hawthorn is used to create a hedge. The advantage of such a plant "building" is that it provides environmental cleanliness on the site.
To create hedge from hawthorn, first you need to choose seedlings. Experienced gardeners recommend using three-year-old plants for planting, as they easily take root in new conditions, which cannot be said about older specimens. Thanks to regular pruning, you can independently form the desired compositions.
Often trellises are used to create hedges. This will achieve the density of the barrier.
In this case, landing must be carried out in a checkerboard pattern or in two rows. These schemes contribute to the fusion of plants with each other, which increases the density of the hedge. Do not forget that such structures are an ideal environment for pests.
- sod land;
- peat;
- sand;
- leaf land.
All of the above components must be used in equal proportions. Such a prepared mixture will ensure good growth and development of a young hawthorn.
As for the landing process itself, it is not difficult. If the seedlings are placed in one row, planting pits up to 50 cm wide should be made, for two shrubs - 1 m. The optimal distance between plants is 0.5 m. A pre-prepared mixture is poured into the pit, after which crops are planted. A small depression should be left around each shrub. This will retain irrigation water and precipitation.
A hedgerow needs regular watering. Especially often this process should be carried out in the first year of plant life in a new place. Humidification is carried out once a week. Due to the presence of holes near the shrubs, young crops will receive enough water.
As for feeding plants in a hedge, it is carried out only a year after planting. It is best to choose fertilizers that contain nitrogen.
Do not forget that the soil needs care. It is necessary to regularly loosen the earth and remove weeds. With the onset of autumn, the soil is completely dug up along the location of the seedlings.
For planting hawthorn with large foliage and a dense crown, it is best to choose well-lit areas. Many gardeners claim that these crops are not whimsical about the soil. However, there are some useful tips to keep in mind.
- For planting, it is necessary to choose heavy and fertile soil. Particular attention must be paid to the water balance, as it should be normal. Stagnation of moisture limits the supply of oxygen. Gardeners recommend adding lime to the soil, which will increase the softness and fertility.
- As for plant propagation, there are many common ways. The most popular methods are cuttings and dividing the bush. And also the reproduction of the plant occurs with the help of seeds. Each of the methods has both advantages and disadvantages, which allows you to maintain the quality of the variety.
- Hawthorn fruits and leaves are often used in folk medicine. Its beneficial substances strengthen cardiovascular system improve blood circulation and normalize blood pressure. The peculiarity of the hawthorn fruit is the presence of ursolic acid. This substance well removes inflammatory processes, destroys pathogens. And also ursolic acid promotes vasodilation.
In the next video, the expert will talk about hawthorn, its features, planting and care.
Hawthorns are shrubs large and small trees with thorny branches, blooming in May - June, usually with white flowers. This is a perennial plant average age some species reaches three hundred years. In autumn, these small trees are decorated with bright, most often red, fruits. The fruits of semi-soft hawthorn (C. submollis) are especially spectacular.
The best varieties of hawthorn of different types: photo and description
There are forms with double, pink and red flowers, for example, ‘Toba’. Take a look at how hawthorn bushes of this variety look in the photo:
Many other species of this plant also deserve attention.
So, the view is pistillate ( C. monogyna) has many decorative forms
Siberian (blood red)
Common (prickly)
Altaic
Soft
Ukrainian
single-pistil
Consider the external features of the hawthorn of some varieties and species.
In addition, quite a lot of varieties of the common hawthorn variety have been bred, which have a beautiful color:
Paul Scarlet(double flowers with a pinkish-white tinge)
Bicolor(with white petals towards the middle and red edges),
Growing and caring for hawthorn: how to plant a shrub
It has already been mentioned that special care does not require hawthorn. Many varieties, as the descriptions for them say, are quite resistant to prolonged drying of the soil, severe frosts, shadows. Before planting a hawthorn, you don’t have to think about the quality of the soil, etc. But keep in mind that the plant has the same pests with apple, plum and pear, so it’s better to land away from these fruit crops.In addition, before planting and further caring for the plant, you need to understand for yourself what purpose you are growing it for. If you want to get valuable fruits, then choose a more sunny place, but if you are more interested in the decorative features of this plant, then shade or partial shade is quite suitable.It is also important if the grower plans to get a good and strong plant with beautiful color and berries, you should still pay attention to what hawthorn loves, breeding methods and the subtleties of caring for it. Here are some features of plant care:
- Pruning. When growing and caring for a plant, the removal of dead and diseased branches is required. In addition, pruning can carry not only sanitary functions, but also decorative ones. With its help, you can form a crown of the required shape. To do this, it is necessary to cut off living branches, leaving 2/3 of the shoot. Pruning is carried out in the spring.
- Soil fertilization. This is not a mandatory item in the program. But some gardeners recommend including slurry top dressing. In the first few years of hawthorn after planting and during the period of care for him in the open field does not require fertilizer. It is appropriate to do this in the period before flowering.
- Watering. It is necessary to focus here on the climate where the culture grows. Planting and further care of the plant does not require too wet soil. in spring and autumn months once every 30-40 days is enough, but each plant should be filled with up to 15 liters of water. In the dry summer months, you can increase the frequency of watering up to once every 15-20 days. If there is enough precipitation in the year, then the hawthorn can develop well without additional irrigation.
- Weed control and hilling of the earth. It is enough to loosen the soil twice a year - in spring and autumn, by digging the earth around the plant onto a shovel bayonet. You can do this in the summer, but during this period the depth should not be more than 20 cm. Remove weeds from the area where the hawthorn grows in time.
These are the basic principles of care that should be taken into account for any variety and type of hawthorn. By observing them, you will protect the plant from most diseases, and the tree itself will look very beautiful.
Hawthorn propagation: how to plant seeds
Many gardeners who want to get good plant with the preservation of all maternal varietal qualities in it. Unfortunately, not all methods of propagating hawthorn shrubs, even when planted and cared for accordingly, can lose distinctive features of its kind. Therefore, this should be taken into account.The loss of varietal qualities most often occurs when hawthorn is propagated by seeds. Therefore, this method of cultivation is often used in the preparation of seedlings to create a hedge, where varietal qualities are not so important.The fruits of the plant have a thick skin. Choose ripe, healthy berries. Before planting a hawthorn using its seed, it is necessary to harden it (stratify). The process is long and can take up to a year. They do this by keeping the seeds of the plant in a temperature regime from +1 to +3 degrees. It is better if such hardening lasts at least 3 months. The hardened seed is laid in the soil close enough to each other, since its germination is low. The first shoots in some cases can be seen only after 2 years, since the development of the plant is very slow. Weak shoots are removed.
Leave the young shoot for another 2 years. During this period, it will grow to half a meter. It must be cut to 3 buds, counting from the ground. If during this time many side shoots have appeared, they are removed, leaving no more than two.
How to grow hawthorn: propagation by cuttings
Propagation of hawthorn by cuttings is the main method that allows you to maintain varietal qualities. mother plant. Carefully dig out the bush. Select a good and healthy root. Its thickness should not be less than 2 cm. It must be cut into pieces about 10 cm long. The resulting cuttings are laid out in the ground, added dropwise, leaving about 30-50 mm above the ground. You can do all these manipulations in spring or autumn. But the planted material needs to create a greenhouse effect with a can or polyethylene film. Air the cuttings from time to time and water if necessary. The ripening period of good seedlings ready for transplantation also varies within 2 years. Remember that sharp thorns on bushes are a great opportunity to create a hedge on your site. To do this, planting hawthorn and care after reproduction should be done in holes measuring 0.5 by 0.5 m. The distance between each seedling is about half a meter. Humus can be laid out at the bottom of the prepared pits. Watering is carried out as the soil dries out for another 2 weeks. Further moistening is carried out, as in an adult plant.How to propagate hawthorn by layering
Hawthorn can also be rooted by layering. For this, the following manipulations are carried out:- take a young branch from the mother bush;
- lay it in the prepared recess in the ground;
- secure and sprinkle with earth, leaving about 10 cm of branches.
If within 2 years your cutting has not reached the required height (up to 60 cm), you can leave it for another year. Such manipulations with hawthorn can be carried out until they reach 4 years. Further it root system It grows very quickly, and it is almost impossible to dig it out without damaging the root.
Hawthorn diseases
Powdery mildew, rust, phomosis, rot - this is not the whole list of diseases that a plant can get sick with. From time to time, it is necessary to inspect the bushes for signs of damage. With changes in the foliage of the trunks, it is necessary to take immediate measures against the disease, otherwise the decorative effect will be lost. For the fight, cutting off the affected areas is used, which should be burned in the future.
To minimize possible damage, it is necessary to plant the plant in a well-ventilated area and treat the plant from time to time with 1% colloidal sulfur.Hawthorn is a plant that carries aesthetic and useful functions. As a medicine, not only berries are used, but also branches and leaves of some species. Having a hawthorn in your garden means getting a beautiful perennial plant with a minimum of effort in caring for it.
Terry hawthorn
There are a lot of hawthorns, more than 1250 species - in most cases this is very decorative bushes or small trees. But the most beautiful of them are the double-flowering garden hybrids of the common hawthorn; its synonyms are spiny, sharp-spined and sharp-spined (Crataegus oxyacantha L.). The latter have many intraspecific forms, as well as hybrids with other hawthorn species, which makes their systematic identification very difficult. That is why in foreign literature these hybrids are often referred to as brilliant hawthorn, also referred to as smooth or smooth (C. laevigata), and sometimes they are classified as a form of single-pistil hawthorn (C. monogyna). Their homeland is Western Europe and Transcarpathia of Ukraine. They are durable, live up to 400 years. Grow slowly. Introduced into culture, but easily run wild. Outwardly, they usually have the form of a low tree up to 5 m tall, less often they are formed by a bush. Their wood is white, sometimes with a reddish tint, it is not inferior to boxwood in hardness, it is well polished. The crown is dense, ovoid, very graceful. The shoots are ash-gray, with sparse spines up to 2.5 cm long, in some forms the latter are absent. The leaves are rather small, up to 4 cm long, on short petioles, bright green, shiny, with 3-5 obtuse lobes, crenate-toothed along the edge; in autumn, without changing color, fall green. Plants, with seed propagation, bloom and bear fruit from 8 years. The fruits are spherical, ovoid or slightly oval, dark red; in some forms they are golden yellow, up to 1.2 cm in diameter, contain 2-3 seeds, ripen in September, edible, sweetish-farinaceous in taste. Their flesh is yellow, contains a lot of pectins.
Terry hawthorn in Sestroretsk
Terry hybrids are unpretentious, quite winter-hardy, in middle lane and in the North-West of Russia they freeze a little only in very severe winters. They are undemanding to the richness of the soil and its moisture content; photophilous, but withstands partial shade. In the garden, they are good as a tapeworm (single plantings on the lawn), they are also suitable for creating avenue plantings and hedges; the latter should be formed in the summer. They can be easily grown and thrive in tub culture. Pruning and shearing tolerate hybrids well. Their transplantation is best done in spring or autumn.
The most decorative and beautiful are garden molds with white, deep pink and bright red double flowers, usually collected on long stalks in corymbs of 10-18 pcs. Moreover, the plants look much more attractive if they are formed in a standard form. Especially good of them is Rosea Flore pleno. Its crown during flowering is abundantly strewn with numerous inflorescences of relatively large, up to two centimeters in diameter, numerous bright pink double flowers, touchingly similar to miniature roses. True, in the bright sun, their petals, by the end of flowering, may fade somewhat. Very beautiful also "Pleno" with white double flowers and "Paul Scarlet" - with red-pink double flowers. The spines of all three described hybrids are small and few in number. Flowering lasts more than a month, begins at the end of May and continues throughout June. All this time, the trees look very elegant, just fabulous. Unfortunately, they are not often found in our country, both for sale, in nurseries, and in plantings, so they are little known to our amateur flower growers, although they are cultivated quite widely in Western Europe. They are usually propagated by grafting. It is better to take root cuttings grafted into a trunk at a height of about 1 m, and not near the root collar. Hawthorn is usually used as a stock, less often other types of hawthorn. In addition, they are also propagated by arcuate and air layering, and root offspring; in the latter case, only own-rooted plants. seed propagation possible, but the seeds have a very long dormant period, their stratification lasts about a year, and they are difficult to germinate. Plants from seeds will begin to bloom only for 8-10 years, and most importantly, not everyone will have double flowers. True, with mass cultivation from seeds, there is a chance to develop a new original variety. Especially if specimens of different hybrid forms are planted and bloom nearby; or if they are grafted on the same rootstock. In the latter case, the tree will look especially beautiful, original, and spectacular, as it will look like a huge multi-colored bouquet.
In addition to decorative, these hybrids of prickly hawthorn, like the parental form, have very valuable medicinal properties. Preparations obtained from their flowers, leaves and fruits improve blood circulation and heart function. Their use is especially indicated after heart attacks. They are recommended for angina pectoris, weakened heart, irregular heartbeat; work especially well when taken over a long period of time. In addition, the fruits of these hybrids can be used for food, especially for the preparation of jelly, jam, confiture, marmalade, compotes, etc. The products of their processing are especially tasty when other berries and fruits are added to them, such blending allows you to form a more harmonious taste range of the resulting product.
As you can see, the cultivation of decorative hybrid forms of prickly hawthorn can be beneficial in many ways.
Plants of the genus Hawthorn have about 300 species, each of which has many varieties. Approximately 50 species of hawthorn grow in Russia, in addition, over 100 species have been introduced (accidentally or deliberately relocated outside their natural range to new habitats).
Types and varieties of hawthorn, photos of which you can see on this page, differ in their decorative qualities, color and size of fruits, color of bark and leaves, yield and other features. However, all plants of this genus are quite drought- and frost-resistant, photophilous and not whimsical to soil conditions.
Crimean hawthorn
Crimean hawthorn (lat. Crataegus taurica) is a tree-like shrub or small tree growing in the Crimea (in the eastern part of the Kerch Peninsula, around Simferopol and Feodosia). In single plantings it is quite rare, it mainly settles among other deciduous shrubs.
The shoots are hairy-hairy, dark cherry in color, covered with gray, dark brown or variegated bark, densely dotted with short (up to 1 cm) spines.
The leaves of the Crimean hawthorn are wedge-shaped, coarsely serrated at the top, dark green on top, the lower surface is lighter. Inflorescences are large (up to 9 cm in diameter), consisting of 5-7 long cuttings, each of which has 3-5 flowers with triangular sepals.
Chinese hawthorn
Pinnate hawthorn (lat. Crataegus pinnatifida) is often called Chinese hawthorn because of its natural distribution area (China, Korea). Shrubs and trees of this species also grow in the Far East of Russia, especially often found in the basin of the middle and lower Amur and Ussuri. Usually they settle in riverine forests next to fragrant poplar, Amur velvet, manchurian walnut and ash. V Western Europe and in the USA the species was introduced at the end of the 19th century.
Like many other plants of the Pink family, the Chinese hawthorn is light-requiring, tolerates partial shade of sparse trees well. The trees reach a height of 6 m, the trunk and old branches are covered with dark gray bark. Young shoots are bare, then covered with brown bark.
The main difference between this species and its counterparts is the almost complete absence of spines. The leaves are bright green, oblong, hairy, with a sharp top, the lower surface is painted in a lighter tone.
Inflorescences drooping, 5-8 cm in diameter, contain up to 20 small flowers with white petals, which become pinkish by the end of flowering. The fruits are bright red, shiny, almost spherical, sometimes pear-shaped, of medium size (up to 17 mm in length and up to 15 mm in diameter).
Hawthorn softish
Soft hawthorn (lat. Crataegus submollis) is an American species whose natural range covers the northeastern regions of the United States from Quebec and Ontario to Massachusetts, New York and Connecticut. Trees grow mainly on damp slopes along forest edges. Trees and shrubs are frost-resistant, undemanding to soil fertility. The soft hawthorn is a tree reaching 8 m in height, with a fairly powerful trunk. Sometimes there are multi-stemmed forms.
The outstretched or ascending branches of ash-gray color form a rather symmetrical, tent-shaped, wide crown. The shoots are dark green, covered with a felt coating.
The spines of the hawthorn are soft, shiny, thin, straight, sometimes slightly curved, of a bright, chestnut-brown hue, reaching up to 9 cm in length.
Ovate leaves with a truncated, wide base and a sharp apex have 3-4 pairs of wedge-shaped lobes, located on long (up to 5 cm) petioles.
Flowers with a diameter of 2.5 cm are collected in inflorescences of 10-15 pieces. The fruits are numerous, up to 2 cm long, bright, orange-red in color with pale dots. Flowering begins in May, hawthorn bears fruit from September to October.
Maksimovich's hawthorn
Maksimovich hawthorn (lat. Crataegus maximowiczii) is named after the Russian botanist, academician of the Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, researcher of the flora of the Far East and Japan Karl Ivanovich Maksimovich (1827-1891).
The natural range covers the southern regions of the Far East and Eastern Siberia.
Like many other types of hawthorn, it rarely settles in groups, mainly - these are lonely shrubs and trees growing on sparse edges and dry mountain slopes.
Maksimovich's hawthorn reaches a height of 7 m, the trunk and old branches are covered with languid brown or gray bark.
Shoots are almost naked, shiny, reddish-brown. Spines are very few or absent.
The leaves are ovate or rhombic, with a wedge-shaped base and a sharp apex. Stipules large, sickle-curved.
Flowers with white petals are collected in corymbose inflorescences up to 5 cm in diameter.
The fruits are small, spherical, do not exceed 1 cm in diameter. At first, the berries are hairy, ripening, and become naked. 1 kg contains up to 2,000 fruits.
Flowering begins in May, fruiting - in late August - early September. Since 1904 Maksimovich's hawthorn has been cultivated in North America and Western Europe.
Hawthorn 'Paul Scarlet'
Hawthorn "Paul Scarlet" (Crataegus Paul Scarlet) is a large, highly ornamental shrub or tree with "double" carmine-colored flowers. All flowers are collected in large umbellate inflorescences, flowering begins in May-June. Cultivars reach 3-4 m in height and have a wide, asymmetric crown (cone-shaped in young plants, rounded in adults). The annual growth is 25 cm high and 20 cm wide.
The bark of young shoots is covered with red-brown hairs, with age they acquire an ash-red hue. Hawthorn "Scarlet" - a very prickly form, the branches of shrubs are densely strewn with 2-centimeter thorns.
The leaves of the cultivar are large, with a dark green upper and light green lower surface, 3-5-lobed, bloom in early spring and fall off very quickly.
The fruits of the "Paul Scarlet" variety are spherical, apple-like or ovoid, red-brown, slightly silvery in color, with acute-angled grooves, reaching 12 mm in length. The Scarlet form rarely bears fruit, mainly these shrubs are planted because of the beautiful flowers.
This variety is often called decorative hawthorn, it easily tolerates pruning and shaping.
Hawthorn "Arnold"
Arnold hawthorn (Crataegus Arnoldiana) is a large-fruited, thorny shrub native to North America. This variety is distinguished by thicker cranked shoots, very large (up to 3 cm in diameter), round, bright carmine fruits with long white hairs at the top, rounded leaves uncharacteristic of other cultivars and very long (up to 9 cm) thorns. The bark is grayish, rough, the annual growth of shrubs is 30 cm in height and 25 cm in width. Flowering begins at the end of May, white flowers are collected in corymbose inflorescences. When planted with seeds, flowering begins only after 5-8 years, grafted cultivars bloom already in the 3-4th year.
The fruits of the Arnold variety ripen earlier than other forms and fall off quickly. The pink, sweet and sour pulp of the fruit contains 3-4 seeds. It bears fruit almost every year. Already by the age of 25-30, this form reaches its maximum size, therefore, for convenient fruit picking, shrubs must be trimmed regularly.
Ornamental plum-leaved hawthorn
Plum hawthorn "Spiendens" (Crataegus prun. Spiendens) is a large, ornamental, hybrid plant. This cultivar was obtained by crossing the "Cockspur" hawthorn and large-thorn hawthorn. The variety was introduced into cultivation in 1797.
Plum-leaved hawthorn looks especially impressive in autumn. During this period, the foliage turns yellow-red, and numerous bright red fruits ripen in place of the flowers. In height, the variety "Spiendens" reaches 5-7 m. The crown is dense, asymmetrical, up to 4-5 m in diameter. It grows rapidly, the annual growth is 20-25 cm.
The skeletal branches are densely branched, covered with gray-brown, smooth bark and spines up to 4-7 cm in length. In mature trees, the crown becomes openwork, as the side branches hang. The leaves are glossy, large, broadly elliptical, dark green in summer, turning crimson or bright orange in autumn.
The flowering of the plum-leaved hawthorn begins in May-June and lasts for two weeks, numerous white flowers are collected in umbellate inflorescences. In September, bright red fruits ripen, which remain on the branches until the end of December.
