Common potato. Potatoes - description and appearance. The structure of plants and vegetable. Pharmacological properties of potatoes

Potato - Solanum tuberosum L.
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Other names: Tuberous nightshade.

Diseases and effects: peptic ulcer, gastritis, arthritis, belching, heartburn, nausea, constipation, burns, eczema, polyarthritis, freckles, skin cracks, diseases of the cardiovascular system, acute respiratory diseases, dry skin, sunburn, colds, diabetes.

Active substances: starch, protein, sucrofructase, sucrose, fiber, fats, lemon acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, vitamins B 1 , B 2 , B 3 , B 6 , D, PP, K, E, H, U, ascorbic acid, folic acid, carotenoids, essential amino acids, calcium, potassium, phosphorus, iron , magnesium.

Plant collection and preparation time: September October.

Botanical description of potatoes

Potato- Perennial grassy, ​​tuber plant family Parenic (SolanaEae).

Root The rod, urine, is strongly developed.

A characteristic feature of potatoes is the formation of underground shoots - stolons, on which tubers develop (the scientific name of the plant just reflects this feature - tuberous nightshade). The tubers serve as a storage nutrients and organ vegetative propagation. On their surface, depressions (“eyes”) are noticeable, in each of which there are 3 buds with rudiments of leaves and roots. Only medium kidney rushes into growth. Above-ground shoots and roots grow from it. Potato tubers are round, round-oval, elongated-oval, long, flat and others. The main types of coloring are white, yellow, pink, red, purple.

stems potatoes are erect, juicy, ribbed, branched, fluffy, due to hairs pressed to the stem. The height of the stems is 30-150 cm. In places of the edges of the faces on the edges of the stems, green fabrics are sometimes formed, so-called wings. Each plant has 4-8 stalks. More stems in plants developing from large tubers on fertile, sufficiently moist soils.

Leaves Intermittently nonpoprisistoreside, with 7-11 large and smaller leaves, egg-shaped, pointed, with an unequal base, on top of naked, in the bottom of fluffy. Potato leaves are arranged in a spiral on the stems. In places of departure from the stem leaves have hopes. Simple whole-edged leaves appear first, but they soon die off. The main leaves are unparalleled with short cutters.

flowers five-membered are collected at the top in inflorescences-curls. They have a green calyx (consisting of 5 sepals) and a cleavage corolla (white, pink, blue, purple), against which orange or yellow stamens fused with anthers stand out. The pestle consists of a stall, a column and wound. After fertilization, the marking is growing and turns into a fruit.

Fetus- globular green berry (which later turns dark purple) 1.5-2 cm in diameter. Fruit seeds (small, yellow) very often turn out to be sterile. In the ripening of the berries, first whites and acquire a pleasant smell. Fruits poisonous.

The plant blooms in June-July.

Distribution and habitat of potatoes

Motherland Potato is South America, where he was introduced into a culture in the distant antiquity.

Currently, potatoes are grown everywhere in all countries. former USSR planting as a field crop.

Harvesting potatoes

Potatoes are cultivated as an annual culture. Collect tubers of red varieties in autumn.

Usually potatoes spread up with tubers, less often true seeds, as well as tuber parts with 1-2 eyes, tops, light and etholyted sprouts, grooves and cuttings. When sowing seeds, the main root develops from the stuffed root and is like a continuation of the stem. The roots can penetrate to a depth of 1 m. However, their bulk is located in the arable soil layer.

The optimum soil temperature during seed germination is about 20 °C, tubers - 7-8 °C. Potato tubers for landing at a temperature of 12-15 ° C. The higher the temperature at the same soil moisture, the faster the tubers are germination. Shoots at a temperature of 11-12 ° C appear on the 23rd day after landing, at a temperature of 14-15 ° C - on the 17-18th day, at 18-20 ° C - on the 12-13th day, and when 27-28 ° C - on the 6-7th day.

If in the spring after the landing, the temperature of the soil is within 1-5 ° C, then the tubers are not developing sprouts, but immediately small tubers. This phenomenon is observed especially often in cases where the seed tubers were previously kept warm. The most favorable air and topsoil temperature for tuberization is 17-18°C during the day and 12-14°C at night. When the temperature is raised to 29-30 ° C or a decrease to 2 ° C, the growth of tubers is suspended. The tubers freeze at -1.7-2 ° C.

How Fertrige than soil and the greater its water-holding capacity, the less water is needed to obtain good harvest. Like all living things, potatoes breathe, consuming starch and sugar for breathing. Tubers breathe through small holes in the skin called lentils. Excess water in the soil prevents air from entering it, which adversely affects the growth of young tubers. In such tubers, lentils grow strongly in the form of fluffy white warts on the surface of the peel. This phenomenon is observed with excessive watering or in the event of a large amount of rain; Tubers in these cases often post.

Potato is a very photophilous plant. With a lack of light, it ceases to bloom, forms few tubers, and of poor quality, and with great shading, it dies. In areas spoken by fertilizers, but with a very thickened landing, the plants suffer from lack of light, resulting in harvest.

For its growth and development, potatoes use many chemical substances- nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, boron, iron, copper and others that enter it through the root system from the soil. The need for nutrients increases with the growth of the tops and reaches a maximum in the flowering phase. Potassium and phosphorus potatoes consumes especially much in July - during the formation of tubers. Most often, potatoes need additional nitrogen, especially in humid climates and on light soils, or potassium on peat soils and where little is applied. organic fertilizers- manure. However, surplus B. Nitrogen fertilizer contributes to the accelerated growth of stems with a weak development of the root system. As a result of this plant, a lot of moisture evaporates with an excessively violent topper and often suffer from its lack of. With a lack of nutrients in the soil, signs appear on the leaves of potatoes that indicate a lack of one or another element: with a lack of potassium, the leaves become wrinkled, their edges bend down, acquire a bronze brown-green color and die prematurely. With a lack of nitrogen and phosphorus, the leaves have a brighter than normal plants, color and stick up. With a lack of magnesium in the leaves, brown spots appear between the veins (along the midrib of the leaf lobes).

Introduction to the soil of organic fertilizers, as well as soil mulching by humus, peat, the compost can increase the amount of carbon dioxide released from the soil almost twice. And the more carbon dioxide in the air, the more it is absorbed and is used by the plant for the production of starch.

Potatoes are best developed on loose, lungs for mechanical composition soils with a small -comed structure. For its cultivation, sandy loam, light loams and low-lying cultivated peatlands are preferable. He grows poorly in areas with high level ground water. Potatoes are better than other plants tolerates the increased acidity of the soil, but weakly acidic soils are most suitable.

in gardens and household plots Potatoes are often forced to grow more than one ten years. Continuous cultivation of potatoes in one place contributes to the accumulation of diseases and pests, as well as some types of weeds.

With therapeutic goal, flowers, potato processes, its peel and underground tubers are used, which are harvested during their ripening. One feature of potato tubers should be remembered - they must be stored in a dark place. Otherwise (if the tubers lie on the light, especially in the sun) they take green and become poisonous, unsuitable for food, nor the more for therapeutic use.

It is known that freshly supported tubers do not germinate even if they are placed in favorable conditions for this. This is due to the fact that after harvesting the tubers are in a state (period) of natural dormancy.

Chemical composition of potatoes

In potato tubers, depending on the varietality and cultivation conditions, 14-22% of starch, 1-2% protein (in potatoes it is called tuberin), 0.5-1% of sugars (sucrostructase and sucrose) and about 1% mineral salts Also there are fiber, fats, organic acids (mainly lemon, apple and oxal) and other connections.

Vitamins B 1 , B 2 (riboflavin), B 3 , B 6 , ascorbic (up to 50 mg%) and folic acids, carotenoids, vitamins D, PP, K, E, H, U, essential amino acids, salts were found in potato tubers calcium (8 mg%), potassium (426 mg%), phosphorus (38 mg%), iron (0.9 mg%), magnesium (17 mg%) and other substances important to human health. In total, there are 32 trace elements in tubers. Potato proteins contain 14 of the 20 amino acids necessary for the construction of human body cells, including all 8 that are indispensable, i.e. They are not synthesized in the human or animal organism and should be obtained with food.

Nitrogen substances are concentrated in the core of the tuber and under its peel, that is, where less starch.

The biological value of potato proteins is one of the highest among plants (85% of the value of protein chicken egg and 100% digestibility in human and animal organism).

Potatoes - the main supplier of potassium organism. There is no such amount of potassium in bread, meat, or fish. The need for an adult in potassium is about 2 g per day, and it can be satisfied, eating 400 g of potatoes a day. Sufficient provision of the body with potassium is especially important for people with diseases of the cardiovascular system, with atherosclerosis, as well as for the elderly.

Pharmacological properties of potatoes

In medical practice, potato tubers are used not only as a source of vitamins, but also for the prevention and treatment of a number of diseases. Plogging plants have anti-inflammatory, wound-inspiring, antispasmodic and diuretic properties. The starch obtained from potatoes has an implanatory, enveloping and anti-inflammatory effect.

Potato juice slows down the secretion of the digestive glands. Due to the presence of potatoes of acetylcholine in the tubers, the constant use of potato juice contributes to a decrease in blood pressure.

The use of potatoes in medicine

Potato tubers occupy a leading place in dietary nutrition. They are included in the diet of patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases, diseases of metabolism and gastrointestinal tact. Fresh juice is effective in gastritis and ulcerative disease, accompanied by increased secretion of gastric juice. Potato juice (1/2 cup), adopted 30-40 minutes before meals, improves digestion and normalizes the intestinal function.

The use of potatoes in diseases of the cardiovascular system is due not only to the high content of potassium salts, but also the diuretic and antispasmodic properties of the plant. A positive therapeutic effect of grated fresh tubers was noted when applied externally for the treatment of burns, eczema-like and other skin diseases. Acute and chronic respiratory diseases are treated by inhaling vapors containing a number of volatile medicinal substances while rubbing freshly boiled potatoes.

With a cosmetic goal, masks for the face cooked from the potatoes cooked in the "uniform" mixed with cream or sour cream. Such masks with dry skin and treatment are especially effective. sunburn.

V traditional medicine fresh potato juice is given orally for high blood pressure, it also helps to reduce the secretion of acid from the digestive glands and scarring of ulcers on the mucous membrane of the digestive tract.

Potato starch is used as a base for powders and fillers in powders and tablets.

With colder diseases of the upper respiratory tract, a ferry of potatoes is inhaled (the therapeutic efficacy of this procedure is doubtful, but the state relief is undoubtedly).

Seeling in light potatoes containing Solanin are used for compresses during arthritis.

The use of potatoes determine the excretion of slags from the body and thereby contributes to the regulation of metabolic processes. Potassium, contained in large quantities in potatoes, plays a positive role in maintaining the normal function of the heart muscle and, according to the latest scientific data, can be classified as an anti-sclerotic agent. Due to potassium, potatoes have a diuretic effect. Therefore, it is included in the diet of patients suffering from diseases of the cardiovascular system and kidneys.

Potato juice lowers blood sugar levels, therefore it is useful in the initial stage of diabetes.

Dosage forms, Method of Potato Application

Potato Potato Juice. Well washed and wiped dry tubers, together with the skin, are rubbed on a grater or ground in a meat grinder. Juice with starch is squeezed through 2 layers of gauze. Raw juice takes 1 / 2-1 / 3 cups (about 100 ml) 3 times a day before meals, then before dinner and before dinner for 2-3 weeks. After a weekly break, the course is repeated.

In total, the course of treatment requires from 5 to 15 liters of raw juice. At the same time adhere to a gentle diet: drug treatment and physiotherapy procedures are suspended at this time.

Patients with peptic ulcer are recommended to take raw potato juice for two weeks in order to prevent exacerbations of the disease in autumn and spring (from half of September to half of October and from half of March to half of April). At the same time, pain, belching, heartburn, nausea disappear, the acidity of gastric juice normalizes, patients gain weight, constipation and intestinal swelling disappear. Treatment with raw potato juice does not give side effects.

Also juice with milk or sour cream is used to get rid of freckles and cracks with outdoor skin parts.

Crushed raw potato tubers. They are considered a good healing tool in burns, eczema and other different lesions of the skin. The mass is melted on the grater simply applied to the affected skin.

potato medium size Clean, cut into small pieces and slowly squeeze one after another when heartburn.

Boiled potatoes. Potato is effective tool cleansing the joints of toxins and is considered a good remedy with polyarthritis. To do this, within 3 days you need to eat 2-3 kg of potatoes, boiled with peel in plenty of water. Potatoes knead in a decoction and eat with the skin. At this time, other food is not taken. To eat potatoes with skin, you need to cook it for a long time.

Contraindications to the use of potatoes

We should not forget about the possibility of severe poisoning when eustomed potatoes in food. The poisoning occurs due to the content in the sprouted tubers, especially in the peel and the so-called eyes, highly active glucailloid - Solanin. In small doses, this alkaloid has a cortisone-like anti-inflammatory effect, and a toxic effect can have in large doses. With long-term storage and strong germination of potato tubers or their greening and decay, the content of solanine can increase sharply, which leads to different form poisoning. In large doses, solanine depresses the function of the central nervous system, damages blood cells.

Poisoning of poor-quality potatoes is characterized by nausea, vomiting, dyspeptic phenomena, shortness, heartbeat, convulsions, in severe cases brief loss of consciousness. With the provision of timely medical care, the symptoms of poisoning are stopped.

The use of potatoes in nutrition

In our countries, potato tubers are one of the most common food products. Due to nutrition and high content of vitamins, amino acids and minerals, potatoes should be removed from one of the leading places on the dietary and therapeutic and prophylactic value. Almost half of the daily need for ascorbic acid can be satisfied due to the use of potatoes, and 200 g of fresh potatoes contain an almost complete daily dose of ascorbic acid.

With culinary processing, potatoes should not be exposed to high temperatures due to the possible destruction of vitamins.

Since potatoes have alkaline properties, it represents an excellent addition to all vegetables, milk and cheese.

Other potato information

At the end of the XIX century on the planet, the area under potatoes was about 15 million hectares, after the First World War - already 21 million hectares, and after the second - about 24 million hectares. The last decades there is a reduction in potato landing: by the end of the 80s of the last century, the total area under potatoes did not exceed 18 million hectares. However, thanks to the growth of yield, his gross fees did not decrease.

Now a significant part of the crop of potato tubers goes to the production of starch and alcohol production.

Potatoes in history and mythology

Potatoes began to be cultivated about 14 thousand years ago by the Indians of South America. In the burials and grave of the Indians, vases were found having the shape of the interconnected potatoes, as well as the dried tubers themselves. There are about 200 wild and cultural types of potatoes growing mainly in South and Central America. There are two main cultural species: Indian (since ancient times grown in Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia) and Chilean (homeland - Central Chile), which are widespread in countries with a temperate climate.

In Europe, potatoes were delivered by conquisites. In 1553, the book "Chronicle Peru" was published in the Spanish city of Seville. Her author who visited this country wrote: "Papas is a special kind of earthy nuts. Being cooked, they become soft, like a baked chestnut ... They are covered with a leather not thicker the trofel peel. " This was the first written mention of potatoes in Europe. Originally potatoes were called truffles. At first, this plant was grown only in botanical gardens and pharmaceutical gardens. As a delicacy, it was sometimes served on the table of kings and nobility.

From Spain, potatoes go to Italy, then to Belgium and other European countries. Initially everywhere this plant was considered in more like a curiosity beautiful flowers and to a lesser extent as a source of food. Therefore, many fashionable from the highest light pledged potatoes flowers to hair.

A simple person reacted to the potato is also peculiar. Potato varieties cultivated at that time were too bitter (due to the excessive content of solanine) and therefore not everyone liked it. In addition, there were a lot of superstitions around potatoes at that time. It was rumored that the fruits of this plant would deal with heads and eyes, like a person, so there is potatoes - it means to eat human souls. There were also those who called the potato a "damn apple" that seduced the biblical progenitors of mankind - Adam and Eve - with their fruit. And, therefore, a person who eats potatoes was unequivocally recognized as a sinner. The notoriety was so firmly held among the people that they flatly refused to plant potatoes. It was in all European countries without exception. The rulers of some countries tried force to force the people to breed potatoes, others - cunning and bribery. For example, in Prussia at the first pores of the peasants forced to plant potatoes under the convoy of the dragoon, and in England, gold medals were promised for breeding potatoes and so on.

In France went to the trick. In the fields owned by the state, potatoes landed. As soon as it began to bloom, an armed guard was assigned to each bush, which was purposely removed at night. It caused some interest in the surrounding peasants. "Seen these" damn apples "are of great value for the state," the affected people reasoned. And they decided to plant potatoes too. And the peasants began to secretly dig up the tubers and plant them in their fields. Naturally, no one punished them for it. Having tasted the grown tubers, they were able to make sure that the potatoes are tasty, give a big harvest and make good money on it. So the potatoes "won" France. But only in the XVIII century, potatoes got widespread in the fields of peasants of all European countries, and even later - Asia, Africa, Australia and North America.

In Russia, potatoes got through Peter I, who sent a bag of tubers from the Netherlands in 1698. And after the decree of the Senate of January 19, 1765, potatoes began to be planted purposefully. However, due to the violent royal measures to introduce Potato Sowing in 1834-1844, there were unrest of the peasants of Vyatka, Vladimir Province, the regions of the Urals, the Lower and Middle Volga region. Especially fierce opponents turned out to be Old Believers. They compiled a lesson that it is a sin for a Christian to eat potatoes. In the book "Life of the Russian People", published in 1848, it was written: "There are counties where the peasants are even afraid to be perplexed him, thinking to bring the abolition of God to their fields."

Since that time, potatoes spread in Europe, the epidemics of the Qinggi were stopped: potatoes satisfied almost 50% of the body's need in Vitamin C.

Potatoes in dreams

Potatoes (Lat. Solanum tuberosum)- a popular vegetable crop; Perennially tuberous herbaceous plant.

Description

Potatoes refer to perennial cultures, but in Russian Federation It is cultivated as an annual, since low temperatures are extremely detrimental to tubers. The stem of the potato is ribbed, erect, branched, light green, not more than 150 cm high. root system the culture under consideration is branched, most of the roots go 60 cm deep.

Leaves in culture Curly, dissected, all-wide, dark green, are equipped with petioles. Inflorescences are presented in the form of complex curls, they can be white-yellow, pure yellow, purple or purple-red, depending on the variety. Fruits - multiferous spherical or oval berries. The potato tuber is thickened and short stem shoot, a lot of eyes are formed on it. Tubers have a rounded, oval or elongated form; color - yellowish, brown, violet-blue or pale pink.

Thunderies growing

Potato is a photophilous culture, it does not tolerate shaded areas well, as a result, plants develop slowly, and tubers are prone to rotting. Lack of sunlight leads to stretching of the stems and limited flowering, which threatens with a small crop of tubers. The normal temperature for cultivation is 20-22C. Temperatures above this limit result in slower tuber development.

Positively, potatoes also relate to moisture, although they do not tolerate dampness and waterlogging. With the lack of moisture, the foliage quickly slugs and flows down as a result. Soils for the crop in question are preferred loose, permeable, rich in potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus. An excess of minerals has a detrimental effect on the leaves as well. The second is increasing the green mass. Negative potatoes relates to heavy clay, raw, strongly acidic and dense soils. The best forerunners of culture are vegetable crops. Many gardeners advise not to grow potatoes in one area for several years, although in practice no one uses this rule.

Soil preparation

The soil for potatoes is plowed to a depth of at least thirty centimeters, large lumps are broken up and organic fertilizers are applied. From the introduction of fresh manure should be abandoned, since it contributes to the development of pathogenic bacteria, plants are subjected to various diseases. In addition to organic fertilizers, the soil is also fed with mineral fertilizers, it can be superphosphate, ammonium nitrate and potassium salt.

Landing

Potatoes are planted in late April - early May. For landing I use pre-germinated tubers weighing 50-80 g with thick sprouts with a length of 1-1.5 cm. Tubers of unknown origin are treated in 1% solution boric acid at least 20 minutes. The crop is planted in soil warmed up to 6-8C, according to the scheme 30 * 80 to a depth of 6-12 cm, in this case the best way Warming up and germination of tubers.

Care

Until the appearance of potatoes, the soils are carried out at least two times in seven days. This procedure will prevent the emergence of weeds and fully aerate the soil. Plants that scored in a height of about 10-12 cm are dipped using a chipper. The second time spud about a month later.

Watering the culture is carried out in a dry summer, for this you can use automated watering cans operating under the action of water pressure. Mineral fertilizers apply when the first signs of wilting of potatoes appear. In the phase of flower formation, plants are sprayed with organo-mineral fertilizers with a stimulating effect.

Harvest and its storage

Potato harvesting is carried out in mid-September, it can be later, but in dry and sunny weather, otherwise the crop will not be stored well. A week before digging, the tops of plants are cut with a trimmer and raked.

The tubers obtained by digging are sorted, left in the sun to dry and scattered under a canopy. After drying, the potato crop is placed in wooden containers or special bags. Keep potatoes in the cellar, Optimum temperature storage - 2-3C.

Photo of the flowers of the plant Common Potato

Potato - medicinal properties

Potato used as an enveloping, anti-inflammatory agent for gastrointestinal diseases, as a cosmetic.

Latin name: Solanum tuberosum.

English title: Potato.

Family: Polenic - Solanaae.

Pharmacy name: Starch, potato starch - Solani Amylum (Earlier: Amylum Solani).

Potato parts used: tubers, flowers.

Botanical description: Potatoes - a herbaceous plant up to 50 cm in height. Nonpoperous leaves; the flowers are white, lilac or lilac, collected in half-umbrellas. From the sinuses of the ridiculous leaves in the underground part of the stem, underground shoots are growing - collishes, which, thickening on tops, give rise to new tubers (modified shoots). At the ends of the columns, tubers are developing, which, in essence, is not other than swollen kidneys, the whole mass of which consists of thin-walled faceted cells filled with starch, and the outer part consists of thin-layer cork tissue. Potato fruit is a multiferous, dark green, a poisonous berry with a diameter of 2 cm. Tubers ripen in August - September.

Active ingredients: 1 kg of boiled peeled potatoes provides the body with 20% protein, 40% carbohydrates, 60% vitamins B1 (thiamine) and PP (nicotinic acid), 30% vitamin B2 (riboflavin), 200% vitamin C, and potassium (200%), magnesium and phosphorus (50%), iron (60%) and calcium (20%). The calorie content is 800-900 kkal (30% of the daily need).

Table of food value 100 grams of potatoes in uniform

100 grams of baked in a mundair of potatoes without peel contains 4.29 grams of protein, 46.06 Gy of carbohydrates, 7.9 gr, calorie = 198 kcal.

Vitamins:

• - 10 IU.
• - 0.122 mg
• - 0.106 mg
• - 3.065 mg
• - 0.857 mg
• - 0.614 mg
• - 22 mcg
• - 13.5 mg
• - 1.7 mcg
• Other vitamins in potatoes are absent or contained in the smallest quantity.

Macro- and microelements:

• - 7.04 mg
• - 573 mg
• - 34 mg
• - 43 mg
• - 0.616 mg
• - 0.817 mg
• - 21 mg
• - 0.7 mcg
• - 101 mg
• - 0.49 mg
• Other macro-trace elements in potatoes are absent or contained in the smallest quantity.

Potato - medicinal properties and uses

Potato juice has long been used to treat peptic ulcers of the stomach and duodenum. And potassium, which is rich in potatoes, is simply necessary for patients with heart and kidney diseases. Used in medicinal purposes and starching of this wonderful natural gift. So, it is used as an enveloping, anti-inflammatory agent for gastrointestinal diseases. Even with severe forms of poisoning, you can eat boiled potatoes.

Recipes

• Infusion of flowers. Three tablespoons of flowers pour 1.5 glasses of boiling water. Insist in a thermos or a warm place for three hours.
• Corned beef tincture. More than 3 weeks to hold the potato tubers in the light - in the sun, until their surface becomes dark green, and the inner pulp will not become bright green. Then the tubers should be washed with water and grated together with the peel (the peel and eyes contain the largest amount of solanine). Squeeze the juice from the resulting pulp, pour into a bottle, add vodka in a ratio of 2: 1 and let it brew for a week.
• Tincture of flowers. 6 days after the potatoes bloom, collect potato flowers (the color does not matter), tightly raise them into the glass jar to the edges. Pour flowers with vodka or alcohol. At the same time, shake the jar periodically to release air. Close the jar with a lid and put in a dark place for 20-25 days.

Photo of potato juice

ATTENTION!

Self-treatment is dangerous! Before treatment at home, consult with your doctor.

Potato treatment

1. Abscess. Apply fresh grated potatoes.
2. acne(acne). With phlegmonous acne, a compress of peeled and grated raw potatoes will help, change every 2 hours.
3. Angina. With starting threshing, the compress made from raw potatoes is very effective. 2-3 Potatoes of the average variace wash, rubbed along with the leather on the grater, lay out on the folded halve of the gauze strip, slightly sprinkle with table vinegar (not an essence!). Fold the gauze and wrap the throat with this scarf. Top to cover with polyethylene and wrapped with a warm scarf or a towel. Go to bed. Keep the compress for 4 hours, tightly pressed to the neck.
4. Angina. Potato flowers dry in the shade. 1 teaspoon of flowers clay pot pour boiling water - 1/4 cup. The pot can be placed on top of a freshly boiled kettle and allowed to cool. You can or rinse the throat, or lubricate it with a cotton swab.
5. Angina(inhalation). The washed, crude potato tubers are folded into the pan, poured with water and boil until readiness. Couples inhale, bending over the potatoes with potatoes and bodied with a sheet with a sheet or blanket.
6. Arthritis. For those who suffer from gout, arthritis, arthrosis, the next tool will help: a light glass can be completely filled with potato seedlings (choose the wet and short, not to wash), slightly to grab. To put an open bank on the windowsill for 2 weeks, after this period, the bank is filled with medical alcohol (300 g of alcohol is needed to the floor-liter bank), close and put it tightly and put on a month in a dark place. Strain. Once a day, before going to bed, rub sore spots. One course of treatment lasts 2-3 weeks in well-being.
7. Arthritis. 1 glass of processed potato processes up to 1 cm long, rinse, dried slightly, pour 0.5 liters of vodka, insisted on 21 days, rub sore joints tincture.
8. Arthritis of the hands. Take a raw, washed, but unpeeled potato, squeeze it into a fist. Put on a mitten on your hand (so as not to drop it in a dream), and so sleep. It is not necessary to change potatoes every time, it can be used until it germinates or wipes.
9. Myopia. Dry the potato flowers in the shade. In a teaspoon pour clean, cold boiled water. Drown one dried flower in it. Hold the spoon over the candle until bubbles appear in the spoon (do not bring to a boil!). Cool to the temperature of pair milk and pipette to dig into each eye two drops (no more!). There will be pain and tears in the eyes, but we must be patient. Dry your eyes with a clean handkerchief. The course of treatment is from 2 weeks to 1-2 months. Do this procedure better in the morning. After 2-3 weeks, check the vision of the doctor. This method cleanses the eyes, restores vision from -3-5 to normal. During treatment, we should not wear glasses and use the computer.
10. Bowel disease. Drink potato juice for 200 ml every morning 30 minutes before meals. The course of treatment is 10 days, repeat after 10 days.
11. warts. Keep your hands in a decoction of potato peels. Then dried, not wiping. Do the wart removal procedure at night.
12. warts. Lubricate warts with potato juice. On half of the potatoes, on a cut to make two scratches, cross will, the same scratch make a wart, drip juice. Warts will disappear in 1-1.5 months.
13. warts. For the night and for the whole day, make a compress with tincture of potato flowers. Flowers to tightly put into the bubble from the drugs, pour to the top for a medical 70% alcohol, insist 10 days.
14. Pain in the liver. With severe pain in the liver, potato applications will help. Mash 0.5 kg of boiled potatoes in their skins together with the skin and put on a linen or linen cloth. Apply a hot potato cake to the sore spot (at the same time, pleasant warmth should be felt) and wrap a warm scarf on top. Applique to keep up to coolness, then to remove the potatoes, and the place of the appliqués again wrapped on a warm. Such procedures are made within 3-4 days.
15. Joint pain. Wash 3 potatoes, dry and grate on a coarse grater. Wrap the resulting slurry in 3 layers of gauze and apply to the diseased joint. Top to cover with polyethylene and wrapped with a warm handkerchief. At the same time take potato decoction in a warm form three times a day 1 cup.
16. Bronchial asthma. Get rid of choking allows 15-minute inhalation over a potato cooked in uniform with the addition of seed (2-3 tablespoons) or greens (several twigs).
17. Inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. In the morning before eating, drink 1 glass of potato juice, then go to bed for 30 minutes, and after 1 hour you can have breakfast. The course of treatment is 10 days, repeat after 10 days.
18. Gastritis. In the morning, before breakfast, cut out eyes from 4-5 potatoes (no need to peel), then grate them, squeeze the juice, add 2 teaspoons of honey, stir and drink the whole portion, lie down for half an hour. Then you can get up and eat. Course of treatment: 10 days to take juice, 10 days to rest, 10 days to take juice, 10 days to rest, 10 days to take juice. Exclude fish, meat, fish and meat products from the diet.
19. Gastritis chronic(with normal and increased secretion). Potato juice - half a cup, honey - 1 tablespoon. Mix fresh juice with honey. Drink before meals 3 times a day. The course of treatment is 10 days, after 10 days the course is repeated.
20. Gastritis chronic(with normal and increased secretion). Drink 100 ml of fresh potato juice in the morning.
21. Hepatitis. With pain in the right hypochondrium, making parires from boiled potatoes with peel.
22. Hypertension. Three times a day before meals, drink juice from one medium-sized potato. Just a day to use 3 potatoes.
23. Hypertension. Drink a decoction of potato peels three times a day for a third of a glass.
24. Hypertension. In case of hypertension, potatoes of the "Sineglazka" variety are thoroughly washed, boiled in a peel without salt. Drain the decoction and drink 1 glass 3 times a day.
25. Glossitis(inflammation of tissues of the tissue). Rinse your mouth 2-3 times a day after meals with fresh potato juice.
26. Dyspepsia. In the morning, on an empty stomach, drink 1 cup of potatoes juice, then lie down in bed for 30 minutes, after 1 hour. The course of treatment is 10 days.
27. Wen(lipoma). 1 tablespoon of dry potato flowers pour 0.5 boiling water, insist in a thermos 3 hours. Strain. To drink infusion of 100 ml 3 times a day half an hour before meals. 10 days to drink, 5 days - a break. The course of treatment is 3-4 months.
28. Malignant tumors of internal organs. Take half a glass of infusion of flowers half an hour before meals three times a day. Course treatment 14 days.
29. Heartburn with increased acidity. Potato juice drink 100 ml 3 times a day. Course of treatment 10-12 days.
30. Heartburn. In the morning to breakfast of 4-5 potatoes, cut the eyes (not needed), then grate them, squeeze juice, add 2 h. Honey spoons, stir and drink all portion, lie down half an hour. Then you can get up and eat. Course of treatment: 10 days to take juice, 10 days to rest, 10 days to take juice, 10 days to rest, 10 days to take juice. Exclude fish, meat, fish and meat products from the diet.
31. Heartburn. If tormented heartburn, you need to chew and swallow a piece of raw potatoes.
32. Cardiac ischemia. 1 glass of potato flowers (not subjected to chemical treatment from pests) rinse and pour 0.5 l steep boiling water. Leave for 30 minutes, strain and add 2 tablespoons of honey. To drink infusion on 1 tablespoon 3 times a day before meals.
33. Cyst on the kidney. Chop the blue-eyed potato sprouts and put in a liter bottle, filling it 2/3, pour vodka and leave for 3 weeks in a dark place. Strain and take 1 time per day, starting with 1 drop in 50 ml of water one hour before meals. Gradually adding tincture drop by drop, bring the dose to 30 drops per 150 ml of water and start reducing again to 1 drop. After a weekly break, the course of treatment is repeated, but the dose to bring up to 40 drops. The next course is up to 50 drops. If necessary, courses can be continued, increasing the dosage to 100 drops. At the same time, you can drink the decoction of the roots of the burdock (1 tablespoon on 1 cup of water, boil 5-10 minutes).
34. Mastitis. Rub a few washed and dried potatoes on a fine grater, squeeze lightly and put the gruel on your chest. Top with a clean cotton cloth, compress paper and a warm handkerchief. Hold the compress for 2 hours. This treatment procedure is carried out 2-3 times a day for 2 days.
35. Migraine. Potatoes are considered a very effective means against migraine. Our ancestors boiled potatoes in their uniforms and, with debilitating headaches, not only applied warm potatoes to their foreheads, but also drank freshly prepared potato juice in a quarter glass 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals for a week.
36. uterine fibroids
37. uterine fibroids. Every day for six months in the morning on an empty stomach, take 1/2 cup of potato juice, and it is better that the potatoes are pink varieties.
38. calluses. Put potato flowers in a half-liter jar, pour vodka over it, leave for 10 days in a dark place. Make lotions of tincture on corns.
39. frostbite. After the sensitivity is restored to hold a sore place in warm unabled potato broth 30 minutes.
40. General cleansing of the body. To quickly and harmlessly cleanse the body of fungi and microbes, bacteria, viruses - take 5 drops of solanine tincture per 0.5 glass of water in the morning and evening 15-20 minutes before meals. After 5 days of admission, take a break for 5 days. Complete 4-5 such courses immediately.
41. burns. Apply potato pulp.
42. Oncological diseases. 1 tablespoon of potato flowers pour 500 ml of boiling water, leave for 3 hours in a thermos, strain. Drink 1/2 cup 30 minutes before meals 1 time per day. Course of treatment: drink 4 liters of infusion!
43. Acute dermatitis(due to sunburn). Put the compress from the purified and grated raw potatoes, change every 2 hours.
44. Puffiness under the eyes. Grate thoroughly washed potatoes. Take two pieces of gauze, put 1 tablespoon of grated potato on each and attach to the eye bags for 10-15 minutes. After that, apply cream for the skin around the eyes to the places of edema in the direction from the bridge of the nose along the lower eyelid to the temples. After 15-20 minutes, remove the rest of the cream with cotton wool soaked in cold tea. The procedure should be done 2 times a day - in the morning and in the evening.
45. Puffiness under the eyes. Cooked in Mundire Potatoes to cut in half and apply to closed eyes for 30-40 minutes. The temperature of the potatoes should not be too high, so as not to damage the skin.
46. Salt deposits. Two glasses of potato flowers pour 0.5 liters of alcohol, bury in the ground, insist 10 days, strain. Wipe joint tincture.
47. Cleansing the body. Take 5 drops of Solanina tincture on 0.5 glasses of water in the morning and in the evening 15-20 minutes before meals. Drink for 5 days, break for 5 days. Complete 4-5 such courses of purification.
48. Swelling of the legs. Grate peeled potatoes and apply to the sore spot for 20-30 minutes, wrapping with a rough cloth.
49. Otitis. Drip 2-3 drops of solanine tincture into the ear, cover with a piece of cotton. The pain will go away. Repeat a couple more times for prophylaxis.
50. pancreatitis. Daily in the morning and in the evening 2 hours before meals drink 100-200 ml of freshly prepared juice from potatoes, and after 5 minutes - fresh kefir. Potatoes are better Pink colour. The peel is not removed. Potato juice should stand for no more than 10 minutes! The course of treatment is 15 days, then a break of 12 days. You need to spend 3-4 courses. You can not use green tubers, they contain a poisonous substance Solanin!
51. Increased acidity. Take freshly prepared potato juice of 3/4 cups three times a day on an hour an hour before meals and before bedtime for 10 days, then make a 10-day break. Course treatment repeat. Attention! Juice can be prepared from July to January, while in the potato low level of Solanin.
52. Gout. A jar of light glass is completely filled with sprouts of potatoes (choose the worst and short, not to wash), slightly to strip. To put an open bank on the windowsill for 2 weeks, after this period, the bank is filled with medical alcohol (300 g of alcohol is needed to the floor-liter bank), close and put it tightly and put on a month in a dark place. Strain. Once a day, before going to bed, rub sore spots. One course of treatment lasts 2-3 weeks in well-being.
53. Sweating feet. Put the legs with a powder dry potato starch.
54. Cold. Do inhalations with a decoction of potato peel for 10 minutes.
55. Rheumatism. Fill the floor-liter glass jar of potato flowers, pour alcohol, bury into the ground for 10 days, strain. Lubricate sore spots at night.
56. Rheumatism. Dry 10 g of potato sprouts, grind into powder, pour a glass of vodka in a dark glass dish, leave for 24 hours. In the tincture pour 0.5 glasses of olive oil, shake. Rub the sore spots with the prepared remedy 2-3 times a day, wrapping them with a woolen scarf after the procedure. The procedure is recommended to do with other pains.
57. Grinding skin inflammation. Put the mashed raw potatoes on a cotton cloth and apply to the sore spot.
58. bruises. To the site of the bruise, bandage the plates of chopped potatoes.
59. Furuncules, Punchless skin lesions. Put the compress from the purified and grated raw potatoes, change every 2 hours.
60. fibroma of the uterus. Pour in a thermos 1 teaspoon of dried potato flowers with one glass of boiling water. The thermos is closed in 5-10 minutes and insist 4-5 hours. Drink infusion 3-4 times a day 30 minutes before meals, 1/4 or 1/2 cup. Course of treatment 1 month. Repeated course - after 1-2 months.
61. fibroma of the uterus. Take 1/2 cup of raw potato juice daily on an empty stomach. (if the patient has no so-boutical nodes and reduced acidity gastric juice). Treatment is carried out from June to January: 1 month drink juice, then take a break for 7-10 days. It is necessary to conduct 3 such courses.
62. fibroma of the uterus. 1 glass of potato flowers (not subjected to chemical treatment from pests) rinse and pour 0.5 l steep boiling water. Leave for 30 minutes, strain and add 2 tablespoons of honey. Drink 1 tablespoon 3 times a day before meals.
63. Furuncle. Shawk potatoes shall put on a clean napkin and attach to a patient, consolidate. Keep the bandage on for 2 hours.
64. Spurs on the heels. Grate the potatoes together with the peel, put on gauze, cover with wax paper and bandage to the sore spot. Do not remove such a compress for a day! If necessary, repeat every other day.
65. Eczema. With sharp dermatitis due to sunburns and with mine-skinned skin inflammations, a compress of purified and grated raw potatoes is used, change every 2 hours.
66. Duodenal ulcer. Take 1/2-1/3 cup of freshly made potato juice before meals in the morning and in the afternoon.
67. stomach ulcer. During the week, every morning drink on an empty stomach 30-40 minutes before breakfast a mixture of half a cup of boiled warm water and half a glass of freshly squeezed pink potato juice.
68. Ulcer of the stomach and duodenum. Dissolve 1 tablespoon of honey in fresh potato juice. Drink half a glass 3 times a day. The course of treatment is 12-14 days, repeat after 10 days.

Potatoes - recipes of traditional medicine:

• Anesthetic effect has a compress of grated raw potatoes with honey for osteochondrosis. This compress is kept at a sore place for at least an hour.
• With hypertension Eat a baked potato "in uniform" more often.
• When enemy hands or but G should clean the potatoes from the peel, grate it onto the grater, attach the resulting potato cleaner to empty places and keep 15-20 minutes, tightly wrapped the "compress" cotton or terry towel.
• Potato face mask recipe: Prepare "potato tenderness" for which you will need a pair of ruled tubers. Frost and mix them (hot) with one yolk, 1 tsp. honey, a little vegetable oil(preferably olive). Apply the resulting mass on the face, and then rinse boiled water. After this moisturizing and softening skin of a potato mask, lubricate the face with a nutrient cream. For lovers of natural cosmetics, I think this recipe will certainly come in handy: mix medium-sized boiled potatoes with 1 tbsp. l. Fresh cottage cheese and add 0.5 h. l. Honey and half of the raw egg. Then apply the finished gruel on the skin of the face and neck. Top with a gauze cloth and hold the mask for 20 minutes, then rinse with warm water. Such masks are useful to do 1-2 times a week for 4-6 weeks. After 2 months, the course should be repeated.

Sprouted potatoes - harm to health

Contraindications. Potato tubers, only dug out of the soil, do not contain a poisonous alkaloid of Solanin. But if the storage technology is violated, when light hits the tubers, a poison is formed in them that can cause symptoms of severe poisoning. Selevant potatoes are contraindicated for intake. People suffering from diabetes and other serious diseases should consult a doctor about the amount and appropriateness of eating potatoes.

Potato, or tuberous nightshade, is a perennial tuberous plant from the flowering department, the dicotyledonous class, the solanaceous order, the nightshade family, the nightshade genus.

The name "potato" (lat. Solanum tuberosum), under which today's layman knows this plant (vegetable), was proposed by Kaspar Baugin in 1596. The Italians, because of the resemblance of the fruiting bodies to potato tubers, began to call them "tartuffolli" or "tartofel". From this word, the German version of the name of the underground fruits "Kartoffel" was formed, which gave the Russian name.

Potatoes - description and appearance. The structure of plants and vegetables.

The number of stalks in one plant varies from 4 to 8-10. Their height, depending on the variety of potatoes, may not exceed 30 cm or reach 1.5 meters. On erect fleshy stems of green (sometimes with a brown tint) color, peculiar ribs are clearly distinguished. Dark green potato leaves on short petioles rise in a spiral form from the base to the top.

From the part of the potato stem immersed in the ground, shoots (stolons) diverge in different directions, the length of which can reach 0.5 m. Potato tubers are located at their ends, the thin outer shell of which is formed by cork tissue. On their surface there are depressions called eyes. They contain several buds, from which a new plant develops. The flowers of the plant, collected at the top of the stems, are usually white. However, there are varieties with pink, blue or purple flowers. Below you can see what a potato stalk looks like, as well as the detailed structure of a potato.

The above-ground fruit of the potato is a poisonous green berry shaped like a miniature tomato. As it matures, it acquires a whitish hue.

The appearance, weight, color of the top layer of the potato tuber and its pulp differ depending on the cultivar. The skin of the tuber can be colored in various shades of brown, yellow, pink or purple. Therefore, to the question of what color the potato is, it will not be possible to give a definite answer.

The flesh of a potato when cut is usually white, but there are varieties with a dark yellow, cream or even purple, blue and pink color.

The shape of potato tubers is round, oblong, spherical or abstract, with protrusions and irregularities, and the weight of individual specimens can reach 1 kg or more.

Potato varieties - photo and description.

Today, approximately 5,000 varieties of potatoes are known. Of these, 260 are recommended for breeding in large farms and for private use in Russia.

By practical application All varieties are divided into the following groups:

• "Felox" - a variety of table potatoes with elongated tubers weighing up to 110 g. The flesh is colored light yellow, the skin is darker.

• "Red Scarlett" - a variety of potatoes with oval tubers weighing up to 85 g. One bush contains up to 23 potatoes with smooth red skin and pulp yellow color.

• "Nevsky" - potatoes with oval-shaped tubers with pink eyes and weighing up to 130 g. Upper layer and white flesh.

• "Vitalot" - a variety of purple potatoes, has oblong-shaped tubers up to 10 cm long. It ripens late and has a low yield, so it is not grown commercially.

Technical varieties of potatoes- are used as raw materials in the industrial production of alcohol and starch. The starch content in tubers exceeds 18%. The most commonly grown varieties are:

• "Accent" - with large potatoes with a smooth yellow surface and light creamy flesh.

• "Alpinist" - medium-sized potatoes. The peel of yellow color is covered with a fine mesh with numerous small eyes. Tuber on the cut cream color.

• "Vytok" - under one bush there can be up to 10 potatoes weighing about 135 g. The surface of the yellow peel is covered with a rare mesh. The flesh is cream colored.

Forage varieties of potatoes are used as feed for livestock. A characteristic feature of fodder potatoes is an increased content of proteins, reaching 3%. Among them are the following varieties:

• "Woltman" is a fodder potato variety that has red tubers with numerous bright eyes and white flesh. They have an irregular shape.

• "Lorch" - oblong tubers covered with a smooth skin beige colour, have white pulp with protein content up to 2.2% and vitamin C up to 18%. Numerous shallow eyes are located over the entire surface of the tuber.

Universal varieties of potatoes occupy an intermediate position between table varieties and potatoes intended for technical use.

• "Berlichingen" - a variety of potatoes with red oval tubers. The peel is strong and thick with superficial eyes. The flesh is white and darkens when cooked.

• "Arosa" - a variety with oval reddish tubers and yellow flesh. Spreading stems with red-violet corollas.

• "Sante" - has oval-shaped tubers with skin and flesh of light yellow color.

• "Lasunok" - its medium-sized oval-shaped tubers with a mesh peel of light yellow color and creamy flesh.

Potato maturity.

There is a classification of potatoes according to the timing of its ripening:

• Early varieties of potatoes. The maturity of early potatoes occurs after 50-60 days, so it is practically not intended for long-term storage. The following varieties are popular:
  • Minerva;
  • Ariel;
  • Felox;
  • Red Scarlett and others.
• Medium early potato varieties. For a good harvest of medium early potatoes planting material germinated in advance. The duration of the ripening period of this species is up to 80 days. The most popular varieties are:
  • Carat;
  • Santa;
  • Adretta, etc.
• Mid-season potato varieties. The duration of the growing season of mid-ripening potatoes reaches 100 days. The following varieties are in great demand:
  • Nevsky;
  • Altair;
  • Betina;
  • Rosinka and others.
• Middle late and late varieties potatoes. The ripening period is from 100 to 120 days. It is designed for long term storage. It is possible to plant such planting material without preliminary germination. Good results are obtained by planting such popular varieties as:
  • Bernadette;
  • Berlinger;
  • Folva;
  • Accent;
  • Slavyanka, etc.