Types of roof structures for the garage. Flat roof of a garage: how can it be covered What are the roofs on garages
Roof structures for the garage are of several types. In order to choose the optimal one, you need to familiarize yourself with the specific features of each of them. So, different variants mounted differently.
Peculiarities
A roof for a garage is very different from a roof for a house. This is due not only to the fact that the garage is used as an additional utility facility, but also to the fact that there is no need for such high-quality thermal insulation. So the roofs cover inexpensive materials that do not cause difficulties during their installation.
A specific feature of the garage roof is that its shape and design is selected relative to the location of the garage house. In addition, it is determined by the stylistic coloring of the facade of the main house, as well as the surrounding landscape. However, it must be remembered that there should not be any special frills here, because the garage is still not the main building, and in theory it should not attract too much attention to itself.
Due to the simplicity of the design, roofs for a garage will not cost much. This is due to the cheapness of the material and repair work. Due to the ease of installation, construction work will cost a little. Thanks to the same feature, installation can be done independently, without the involvement of specialists.
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Such high-quality insulation is not required, so this side part can be easily abandoned.
Kinds
It cannot be said that the garage roof is represented by a wide variety of types. Simplicity and functionality are the fundamental principles in accordance with which the choice is made in favor of a particular design. This is the reason for such a poor choice.
The choice in favor of one or another type is made on the basis of several factors. Firstly, the climatic zone in which the garage is being built is important. How windy the area is, how much precipitation falls here, directly affects the choice of design and roof slope. Secondly, again, overall harmony is important. Much better if the roof of the garage is similar to that of the house. Thirdly, the chosen material plays a role. Some types look good only on roofs with one slope, others - with two.
Before choosing one or another type, it is necessary to analyze the situation with the construction of the garage. First of all, you need to know:
- the climate in which the garage building will be located;
- whether the garage will be adjacent to the house or separate;
- from what material the roof is laid;
- roof height above ground level.
By answering each of the questions posed, you will be able to choose the best option that is suitable in a particular case.
Each of the types of roofs has its own subtypes, which are also worth keeping in mind. The use of one or another subtype is determined depending on the area roofing. Thus, it turns out to prevent the collapse of the roof, its subsidence under the weight of precipitation, and the load on the foundation is also regulated.
flat
A roof with a slope of up to 3 degrees is flat. Compared to pitched roofs, it has several advantages:
- a flat roof takes up much less space than a pitched roof, which results in savings on materials for its manufacture;
- a flat roof can be built much faster than a pitched roof because it does not require complex calculations about truss system;
- repairing a flat structure is much easier and safer due to the fact that the risk of falling down is reduced by rolling down a steeply sloping surface;
- if the garage is attached to the house, then such a roof can be converted into a balcony or used as a terrace on the second floor.
However, flat roofs are not suitable for areas with strong winds and large quantity precipitation, as they may not withstand and fall under the weight of snow. This is also due to the fact that such a roof will have to be periodically cleaned of snow and icy crust.
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To drain water from such roofs, it is often necessary to organize additional drain channels. The tightness of the roof is at risk: this must be constantly monitored, carrying out preventive work every year.
low-slope
Sloping pitched roofs are considered one-stop solution. They are suitable for areas with an average climate. The garage may not be located in the city, but it should not stand in the steppe windy space. The slope angle of low-slope structures varies from 3 to 30 degrees. The advantages of such roofs are some features, which will be discussed later. The peculiarity is that the slope for each specific case is determined by calculations, while the minimum allowable value is selected. Calculations are made based on the roofing material.
When building roofs with a low slope, it will be necessary to take into account several specific features:
- The need for equipment of a drainage system of an internal or external type.
- The roof must have good tightness.
- Need for availability ventilation gap under the roof. Its size is determined according to the angle of inclination: the flatter the roof, the greater the gap.
Thus, opting for a low-slope roof guarantees savings in materials, but you will have to spend much more effort and money on the structure itself. Make sure that the choice of a low slope is justified in terms of aesthetic appeal.
Steep
The slope angle of steep roofs starts at 30 degrees. As with other options, this variety has both pros and cons. It is necessary to use roofs with a steep slope in cases where the garage is located on calm sites (for example, in urban areas). If there is a lot of snow in the area, then such a roof will allow you not to waste time cleaning it, because the snow will not linger on it, rolling down steep surfaces.
This option is completely unacceptable for windy areas. So, the roof can easily be blown away by a strong gust of wind. If the area is calm and there is little rainfall, then the cost of such construction will not be justified.
Thus, the choice of one or another variety is primarily due to the location of the garage and the site as a whole.
For steppe windy deserts, it is best to choose flat or low-slope roofs, for wooded areas, low-slope options are best, and for urban areas with high rainfall, a steeply sloping variety will be the best choice.
However, roofs are divided not only by the angle of inclination. There is another classification of roofs - by the number of slopes. For garages, only two varieties are used: single-slope and dual-slope.
Shed
Shed roofing is valued for its simplicity and functionality.
- Firstly, its installation takes really less time than the construction of a gable version.
- Secondly, it will not be difficult to make all the calculations for the required amount of material. This step can be taken independently, and the accuracy of the calculations will not be in doubt.
- Thirdly, the material for such a roof takes much less than for a gable structure of the same area.
- Fourth, a shed roof is a great option if you need to arrange a garage attached to the house. She looks the most harmonious.
- Fifth, it is believed that shed roofs are more durable than gable ones. In addition, they are more reliable and strong, and thanks to timely repairs, they can last up to 50 years.
Shed structures are not without drawbacks.
- Due to the fact that in most cases single-sided options are flat, the load on them increases in the winter. Snow does not roll by itself, and you either have to clean it yourself or rely on the roof to hold up.
- With a shed version, you will definitely have to abandon the attic, even if initially a small attic room was still planned.
- This variety is more difficult to equip with decent thermal insulation.
- Many people notice that the shed construction looks rustic against the background of the expressive gable, and in some cases this causes certain inconvenience to the owners.
gable
A gable roof is more often used for garages that stand separately. Seeing her on a structure attached to the house is a rarity. Nevertheless, dual-slope options have their own advantages.
- Thanks to its special shape, snow and rain do not linger on such a roof. They roll down instead of making the structure heavier.
- Although a gable roof is more complex than a single-pitched roof, you can make a garage version yourself if you take into account some amendments.
- By choosing the elementary option, you can significantly save on work, because you will be able to complete them alone, maximum with a partner.
- The gable design allows you to equip it with good thermal insulation, thereby achieving a reduction in heat loss. So, when planning a warm garage, other roofing options cannot be considered.
- The gable roof allows you to organize a small attic where you can store tools and other equipment. In cases where a hinged gable structure is chosen, it turns out to increase the height of the ceiling.
After evaluating exactly how you want to see your garage in the end, you can easily choose the type of roof structure for it.
materials
Roofing materials are not only those that are with outside. For the internal construction, their types are also used. If the rafters can be made from wooden beam, then several materials are suitable for waterproofing at once. Most often, roll insulators are used for this, for example, bikrost, roofing material, roofing felt. Instead, you can use bituminous mastic, which will reliably protect the roof from water penetration.
But it's also important not to buy too much expensive materials for sheathing garage roofs. For example, a garage roof lined with ceramic tiles will look strange and out of place. If the roof of the main house is finished with such an elite material, it would still be better for the garage to choose a cheap equivalent. This will show both the good taste of the owner and his practicality, allowing significant savings.
For internal wooden structure there is also an analog concrete frame. It should be borne in mind that concrete is much heavier than wood, the load on the foundation of the structure will increase greatly. In this regard, before choosing such an alternative, it is necessary to make sure that the strength of the structure is sufficient.
Decking
One of the most common materials used to cover the garage roof is corrugated board. This type is so often used due to a number of advantages, including a large selection of colors, price, ease of installation. In addition, the corrugated board is durable. If laid properly, a durable, aesthetically pleasing finish is guaranteed.
Roof decking differs in the height of the corrugations, the width of the sheets themselves and the type of galvanized steel that is used in production. The material of the HC category belongs to the roofing class, therefore, when choosing, you must definitely look for just such a marking. Pay attention to the presence of the GOST mark. If it is not there, this means that other standards were taken as a sample during production, or there were no standards at all. From this we can conclude that corrugated board without such an icon is not always of high quality.
For roofing, it is necessary to choose profiled sheets with a polymer coating. Polyvinyl dichloride, pural and polyester are considered suitable. The first is the most durable sample, but its cost is somewhat higher, but the other options are cheaper, but less wear-resistant.
Slate
Gray dull slate material has long become a classic of the genre, and when it comes to slate, everyone imagines just such roofs. Despite the unattractive appearance, slate has excellent strength characteristics. If you choose a quality sample produced in accordance with modern technologies, it can easily last up to 50 years.
- Slate is made from different kind raw materials. Plastic, asbestos-cement, soft, rubber and metal are used. Each of these subcategories has its own characteristics and advantages.
- For example, the asbestos-containing version has excellent technical performance and low cost, but asbestos is toxic, and this type of slate is unhealthy.
- Soft slate does not have frost resistance, but it is strong, durable and at the same time flexible.
- Plastic slate lasts up to 15 years without loss of strength, but it must be mounted carefully, given that it tends to shrink or expand depending on temperature changes.
Now there is a wide variety of decorative solutions on the market, and you can pick up slate material of any color.
"Ondulin"
The name of the company Ondulin has long been a household name, which is used to refer to roofing sheets that imitate other materials. Three types are the most popular.
- smart. The material has a small mass, as a result of which it is possible to carry out installation alone, without the help of a partner. Thanks to optimal size sheets and their small thickness of only 3 mm, it is possible to completely sheathe the roof of the garage in one day. It will take a lot of nails. And also when working with Smart material, the joints will need to be covered with additional decorative elements.
- DIY. This variety has more rigidity than the previous one. This is due to the fact that the waves here are more frequent and higher. The mass of the material remains the same. So, such options are more suitable for roofs of complex architecture, and not for elementary ones. garage structures. The material is overlapped, due to which its consumption increases.
- "Tile". Finishing with this type of sheet is indistinguishable from finishing with metal tiles, but it is much easier to implement than laying out a real tiled roof. A wide variety of color options is presented, and there are not only plain roofs, but also spotted ones.
Falz
Steel roofs raise more questions than anything else.
- First, they are not strong enough. Any strong mechanical damage will easily warp too flexible material.
- Secondly, steel does not hold temperature at all, as a result of which it will be necessary to take additional care of the heat-insulating layer.
- Thirdly, waterproofing is also not up to standard: the roof can easily start to leak, endangering the safety of your car. You will need to additionally seal the roof.
However, seam steel floors are distinguished by several significant advantages. In the first place is the price: it is an order of magnitude lower than the cost of other options. Repairing this roof is also easy, since the panels are fastened to each other by means of ordinary tucks. The roof can be covered with this material even in winter. Due to its flexibility, steel is excellent for winter installation. So, because of all this, seam roofing is confidently kept in the list of the most popular among all materials for decorating side buildings.
Ruberoid
Roofing material is laid on a continuous crate. Its advantage is that it is sold in rolls, and there will be no difficulties with installation. However, there are several pitfalls here as well.
- It should be borne in mind that the material consumption will be impressive. The roofing material is laid in three layers, which are smeared with bituminous mastic for better thermal and waterproofing.
- The service life of the material is 15 years, after which it will need to be dismantled.
- The material is mainly used for finishing flat roofs. Roofing material coating cannot be called aesthetically attractive: when pitched roofs are sheathed with it, they are additionally covered from above with some material with better decorative properties.
Roofing felt is produced in four main categories, which differ in the type of base.
- Rubemast gives the coating durability due to the fact that it is more flexible, less prone to cracking.
- Stekloruberoid or steklomast has characteristics similar to rubemast, however, it is based on fiberglass, and not on building cardboard.
- Tol is practically not produced, since it lags far behind in quality, but in terms of manufacturing price it is on a par with other types.
- Euroruberoid has a complex structure. This material is the newest of all, and its qualities are far superior to those of traditional roofing felts.
Polycarbonate
This variety is of the greatest interest due to unusual look. Peculiarity polycarbonate roofs is that they are transparent. Depending on which type of polycarbonate is selected, the degree of transparency varies. So, the surface can be from slightly hazy to almost opaque. By structure, monolithic and cellular polycarbonate plates are distinguished. The first option is cheaper, but the second does not require additional arrangement thermal insulation.
Polycarbonate is resistant to all kinds of influences, both physical and chemical. It is non-flammable, so it can be classified as a fireproof material.
However, it should be borne in mind that if you plan to make a warm garage, polycarbonate will not work. Due to the arrangement of additional thermal insulation, all its decorative qualities will be lost, and the result will not please as much as it could. If you need a warm garage, then it is better to make a roof from a cheaper material.
slope angle
The device of the roof involves carrying out complex calculations, including the lifting of the roof. Regardless of whether a gable or single-slope design is chosen, lifting is mandatory. The only exceptions are flat roofs, but there is always a slight slope of a couple of degrees.
The height to which the roof must be raised is determined by many factors. An important detail is how exactly the slope will be located. note that optimally position the ramp on the windward side. It does not matter whether the garage will be closed from the wind by other structures or a fence - this rule is immutable.
Flat roof garage is used most often with a small area of \u200b\u200bconstruction. And when the roof of the garage sank, this clearly determines the inconsistency of the plane with the load that occurs during precipitation.
Therefore, when making a flat roof, you must first of all choose the right coating material. Here we must proceed from our capabilities, when covering with concrete, it will be a heavy structure and you will need a garage roof screed.
This option is not suitable for many, today we will present you with options for making a flat garage roof.
Choosing a material
So, how to cover the flat roof of the garage, many options are used here. Here we must first think about the load on the plane. After all, the material used will depend on this.
Attention: The load will not just be from precipitation, this will only increase it. Look at the walls, how much weight they can withstand. Also consider that the garage roof tie will require constant repairs, so how much will it suit you.
You should never immediately give preference to the material, you should look at the photos and videos according to the rules and features of its use. And only after that make the final decision.
Roof decking
Speaking in general about profiled flooring, it is important to note that today this material enjoys particular success and popularity, it is customary to make it from steel, which means that it is not difficult to understand that it is really reliable and durable.
- The metal that is customary to take for its manufacture is thicker, compared with metal tiles, sheets, in turn, can have both a rectangular and a wavy profile.
- On top of the sheets, you can find special additional polymer protection, and the profile, in turn, can look like a trapezoid, wave, and also a rectangle.
| Mounting | Starting to think about, remember that the slope should not be less than ten degrees, moreover, during installation you need to overlap about twenty centimeters, it must be filled with sealant with a slight roof slope. As soon as you start fixing, you need to do this exclusively self-tapping screws, as they are ideal for such work. |
| Durability | You should know that the manufacturers of such material claim that it is able to serve more than 50 years, and it is not so expensive, which means that if you wish to purchase it, then in any case, do the right thing. |
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| Flaws | But unfortunately, corrugated board also has disadvantages, for example, this type of roofing is considered “noisy”, moreover, it is necessary to produce sound insulation, so take this into account in any case. |
Ondulin - environmentally friendly and water resistant
Such a coating is distinguished, first of all, by its naturalness and low cost, which means that you can always purchase it in order to enjoy it properly. It is also customary to call it also euroslate, aqualine.
You must understand that this material is indeed unique, which means that it will delight you for a long time.
| Mounting | You can always install such a coating yourself, for this you just need to approach this issue as it should, and everything will work out. |
| Application area | It is often customary to use ondulin to cover sheds, baths, garages, and it shows the best results everywhere. Moreover, this material is great for complex roofing, as it can bend with ease, which means that now you understand that this is really a great option for you. If you want to update old roof, then know that by purchasing this coating, you can do it with particular ease, and this is the most important thing. |
| Durability | Such a coating can serve for more than 40 years, so by purchasing it, you can enjoy it for many years, and you can’t help but appreciate it. |
| Advantages |
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| Flaws |
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Slate
Of course, everyone knows that slate is one of the common, traditional and popular roofing materials, which, without ceasing, enjoys particular success and popularity.
- It is necessary to carry out the installation of slate with a roof slope of 12 to 60 degrees, it is also important to note that during installation it is necessary to overlap the sheets in one or two waves, so keep this in mind.
- Speaking of the service life of this roofing material, it can be up to 40 years, so, in any case, you can definitely evaluate it properly.
- The price of the material is not high and everyone can afford it.
- Do-it-yourself installation is possible and this also attracts the consumer.
- When using this material, you should immediately think about how to raise the roof of the garage, because there must be a slope so that water does not leak.
The flat roof is used not only in residential buildings, but also in auxiliary and household buildings. A garage with a flat roof can be not only practical and functional, but also an original structure. The flat roof is ideal for regions with little average monthly rainfall. However, even in areas with an abundance of precipitation and snowy winters, the arrangement of a flat roof is possible, provided that the supporting frame of the roof is strengthened and the allowable loads on the floor system are taken into account.
A flat roof has the following advantages:
- The building with a flat roof looks quite original and modern.
- On such a roof, you can equip a terrace, a recreation area, or use it according to the preferences of the owners.
- Since this design does not require a complex and expensive truss system, and also due to the small coverage area, garage owners receive significant money savings on the construction of this part of the structure.
- If you compare a flat roof with pitched structures, then its repair is much easier and does not require much time from you.
The only drawback of such roofs is the need for careful design and calculations of the future structure, taking into account the maximum allowable loads and the type of roofing. If mistakes are made at this stage, the roof may not only leak, but will also be unable to withstand the weight of the snow cap and ice.
Attention! When designing flat roofs, a slight slope of the surface is laid for the flow of melt and rainwater. This slope must be within 4°.
Varieties of flat roofs
Reinforced concrete floor slabs or metal profile beams can be used as the base of a flat roof. Structure roofing cake and the sequence of its implementation are directly related to the type of base used.
All flat roofs are divided into several subspecies, depending on the method of forming the roofing cake:
- monolithic roofs in a classic design;
- structures from corrugated board;
- inversion coatings, which can be attributed to a special version of the traditional roof.
All of the above structures are divided into non-exploited and exploited, depending on the strength and bearing capacity grounds.
Monolithic roofs
Monolithic roof structures for the garage are considered classics. They belong to the category soft roofs. The roofing cake of such a roof consists of the following layers, arranged from the bottom up:
- The base is a reinforced concrete slab for the arrangement of floors.
- A film vapor barrier is laid on top of it.
- Next comes the layer thermal insulation material. Usually mineral wool is used for these purposes.
- A waterproofing roofing carpet is laid on the insulation. As a waterproofing, roll material containing bitumen is used.
- If the roof is exploitable, then concrete is made reinforced screed. To reinforce it, a metal mesh is used. After that, if necessary, an additional layer of waterproofing and tiling can be laid.
Sometimes, for arranging a flat monolithic roof, metal I-beams with a height of 120-150 mm are used. Further, the construction is carried out as follows:
- On the lower shelves of these beams is mounted continuous crate from wooden boards 2.5 cm thick, which are covered with roofing felt.
- After that, fit reinforcing mesh so that it stands at a distance of 30-50 mm from the roofing material.
- The space between the beams is then filled with concrete.
- When the mortar sets, a classic soft roll roof is installed.
Quite often, flat roofs of garages are made from a bearing profiled sheet. This is the most economical option for arranging a flat roof structure. But this option is only suitable for unexploited roofs. The design of the roofing pie in this case practically does not differ from that described above, with the only difference being that an additional layer of heat insulator is required.
Classic design
Such a construction in a section looks like a multilayer structure, which should include the following mandatory layers:
- flat base (concrete, metal beams or carrier profiled sheet);
- vapor barrier layer;
- a layer of thermal insulation material;
- waterproofing carpet.
Polyethylene film is usually used as a vapor barrier. It reliably protects the roof structure from warm air vapor rising from the room and causing condensation in the thermal insulation layer.
The following materials can be used as a heater:
- expanded clay-gravel mixture;
- mineral wool boards;
- polystyrene foam insulation.
The waterproofing carpet is made of roll materials produced on the basis of bitumen. Spray membranes and special mastics can also be used for this.
Inverted roofs
The design of the inversion roof is fundamentally different from the options discussed above. In cross section, such a roofing cake has the following layers:
- The base is a flat concrete slab.
- A waterproofing roofing carpet is attached to it using a bituminous primer.
- Next, a slab of rigid heat-insulating material is laid.
- This is followed by a drainage layer and a reinforced coating.
- After that, geotextiles are laid, which protects the insulation from the negative effects of external factors.
- The final layer of the inverted roof can be any material suitable for these purposes, for example, paving slabs, fertile layer with grass.
Important! The inverted roof can withstand significant loads, so it can be used as an exploited roof.
General device rules
According to the requirements of SNiP, a flat roof must be made with minimal slope in one direction to avoid the accumulation of precipitation on the coating and leakage. It is worth remembering that even the minimum amount of moisture lingering on the coating can lead to rapid damage to the structures of the roofing pie. This is because, due to repeated thawing and freezing of moisture, the structures are deformed and destroyed.
To form the required angle of inclination, either load-bearing elements (beams or floor slabs) are used, which are mounted in accordance with the required slope, or a special expansion of expanded clay is performed.
It is also worth remembering that there must be a separating layer between the insulation and the layer of loose material. Soft roofing is laid in two layers with overlapping strips. In this case, the direction of laying strips in two layers should be mutually perpendicular.
A lot of questions arise from homeowners when the roof of the garage with their own hands is in the plans for home improvement. Let's go through all the stages of arrangement step by step, paying attention to the main thing.
In this article
Choosing the type of roof
The first thing you need to decide on at the project stage is the type of roof: flat, shed or gable.
Flat roofs are made of concrete. To lay concrete floor slabs, you will need a crane installation, a crane operator and a team of experienced installers. To fill the floor concrete mortar formwork, reinforcement, a large supply of concrete and, again, people are needed. It is clear that in the case when it is required flat roof for a garage, the best solution would be to hire a qualified team.
For this reason, we will talk about lean-to and gable roofs available for self-assembly.
To choose one of two options, you need to consider the advantages and disadvantages of each type of roof:
- A shed roof for a garage will cost less in terms of material costs;
- Installation of a single-slope structure is easier;
- Do this work faster.
- Installation of a shed roof can be done even by one person;
But if the solidity for the roof is more important, the roof is supposed to be actively used for storage or living, then the gable roof option is preferable:
- The snow load on a gable roof is less. With the correct slope of the roof, snow does not linger on it;
- It is possible to make an additional room in the attic;
- The room is better ventilated, so it is easier to perform thermal insulation;
- Less risk with versatile wind load;
- The gable roof looks more presentable
In the case of adjoining the garage to the building, in order to ensure the removal of atmospheric precipitation, it is possible to build only a shed roof of the garage. This version is good in that it will save a significant part of the finances for materials and time for building walls.
It is important to decide on the type of roof at the initial stage, because for a gable roof the walls will be the same height, and for a shed roof they will be different.
Determine the angle of the roof slope
The optimal angle of inclination of a shed roof of a garage is 25-300. If you make it higher, the top will be disproportionate in relation to the entire building. You should not make it less than 100, because. the pressure of snow masses at this slope is critical. The range for a gable roof is much wider. In areas of heavy snowfall, the angle of inclination is 450. In general, than stronger than the wind in the region, the smaller the slope you need to choose. Conversely, the quieter the weather and more precipitation, the steeper the angle of the roof.
The choice of roofing material also affects the height of the slope. When using rolled roofing materials, the slope angle can be 100. For slate - 200. And for a tiled roof - at least 300.
It is important to decide on the type and material of the roof before the start of construction, also because the size and type of foundation will depend on this: a slab under the entire garage, strip or columnar.
Roofing materials
- Ruberoid. Inexpensive soft roofing material. Service life up to 5 years (for modern analogues - 15 years). Not suitable for extremely hot or cold climates. Sold in rolls. Easy transport and installation. It is laid in several layers. Glued together with bituminous mastic. In this case, waterproofing the roof of the garage is not required. Take into account the additional cost of mastic, because. her consumption is on average 0.8 kg per 1 m 2
- Slate is an inexpensive, stronger and more durable material than roofing material (it can last about 10 years). Sold in sheets. Relatively easy to install. Cons: heavy, difficult to change due to fragility. Suitable for roofing garage roof from 300
- Metal tile and corrugated board. Modern durable lightweight materials based on galvanized profiled sheet. Top coated with polymer protective coating. Easy installation. Suitable for slope angle from 150. Durable. Withstand a wide range of temperatures. Wide decorative possibilities. They require high-quality fastening with special hardware and care during installation. Damaged polymer coating must be urgently repaired in order to maintain its protective functions. Low soundproofing. Relatively expensive for the price.
To calculate the consumption of roofing material, you need to know the length and width of the garage, and the width of the roof overhang (from 20 to 40 cm, depending on the vulnerability of the wall material). Calculation of the area for a shed roof: multiply the numerical values \u200b\u200bof the width and length of the garage (with overhangs) and divide by the cosine of the slope angle. For a gable option, in the same way, it is necessary to calculate the area of \u200b\u200beach slope, and then add the resulting values. Further, the area of the roof is divided by the area of the sheet of roofing material. It turns out the required number of sheets. It should also take into account the margin for a possible marriage.
Choosing a truss system
Exists whole line methods of erecting pitched roofs. For example, methods with or without floor beams. Ways when the rafters are laid on top of opposite walls with a height difference. A method when roof trusses are previously mounted on the ground, including floor beams, slope height racks and rafters. Of particular importance for the choice of truss system are the dimensions of the garage.
The same applies to double-sided options. For layered equipment, a strong frame is first mounted, resting on the centers of opposite walls, and then the upper ends of a pair of rafters are placed on it. Also have different versions with gable trusses: with and without support in the center. Finally, the ancient technique of sled roofing.
To find out which roof structure is suitable in this case, you will have to familiarize yourself with the relevant teaching materials. Having chosen a specific design, you must carefully study the step-by-step instructions. Determine what steps you might need help with.
Calculate the consumption of materials
After choosing the truss system, you need to calculate the length and thickness of the material for it. This is the most critical part of creating a truss system. For this you need to know:
Roof drop height. It is calculated by the formula: the length of the wall (along which the slope will pass) multiplied by the tangent of the angle of inclination.
The length of the rafters is calculated by the formula of the Pythagorean theorem:
The numerical value of the length of the rafters in the square is equal to the sum of the squares of the length of the wall and the height of the difference. To the resulting length of the rafters, you need to add the length of the roof overhang.
The pitch of the rafters is calculated individually and ranges from 1 m to 60 cm, depending on the load on the roof.
The cross section of the rafters is calculated by a formula that takes into account many factors from specific gravity roofing materials to wind loads in the region. Therefore, for such complex calculations, it is better to use an online calculator.
The cross section of the Mauerlat beams and the ceiling, if needed, is taken from 100 x 50 mm. The distance between the ceiling beams is approximately 1 m. Anchoring is used for them
What other tools and materials will be needed for roofing:
- Axe, hacksaw, hammer.
- Construction stapler with staples, level, tape measure, marker, screwdriver.
- Unedged board 25x150 mm, taking into account the fact that at least 3 boards should fall on each sheet of roofing material.
- Bar 50 * 50 mm for the counter-lattice.
- Vapor waterproofing - a membrane that, on the one hand, works as a waterproofing of the roof of a garage, and on the other hand, allows steam to pass from the room to the street. Such a film should be suitable for gluing with special mastic or special adhesive tape.
- Insulation (if the premises are capital, then roof insulation will be required).
- Metal corner fasteners for beams, nails, self-tapping screws.
- Mastic for gluing vapor barrier.
Shed roof installation
It is important to orient the slope of the roof to the windy side so that the air flow does not lift up, but presses the roof.
- Installation begins with the installation of a Mauerlat - tying the walls of the garage from dry, impregnated with an antifungal compound wooden beams. It is carefully aligned horizontally. Fastened to the wall with long anchor bolts
- The selected roof truss system is mounted on the Mauerlat. To fix the rafters, 100 mm nails or anchors are used. All attachment points are treated with a bioprotective composition.
- Waterproofing of the garage roof is laid on the rafters with an overlap of layers of about 20 cm. Fastened with a stapler. The overlaps of the membrane are connected and glued with mastic or adhesive tape.
- Installation of a counter-lattice from bars. Allows you to create a ventilated gap under the roof.
- Laying of lathing from boards with a frequency depending on the roofing material.
- Roofing installation. Starts from the bottom corner of the roof. The first sheet is placed on the level. The following are oriented from him. In general, follow step by step instructions for specific roofing materials.
- Roof insulation occurs in the inter-rafter intervals or fits into the intervals between the ceiling beams.
Installation of a gable roof follows the same plan, only the rafter triangles will be isosceles. Let's consider a variant of the device of a gable truss system.
Simple gable roof design
Material for beams, rafters, struts - board 50x150 mm, for ridge run- board 50x200 mm. For puffs - board 25x10 mm.
- We mark equal segments (from 60 to 40 cm) on the long sides of the harness on the garage. The markup is carried out symmetrically from outer corner boxes, from where the extreme rafters will be attached.
- We lay according to the marks ceiling beams on the rib. They are located strictly horizontally, we check the level.
- Fasten with nails or screws. In this version, the ceiling beams also play the role of ties that compensate for the thrust.
- On beams, lay boards or plywood to provide access for further installation.
- Marking the centers end walls. In these places, we temporarily nail the rails vertically, one side of which coincides with the imaginary axis of symmetry. On these rails, pulling a cord between it at the desired height, we determine the position of the skate.
- Having attached the board to the location of the extreme rafter, we mark the resulting cut lines of the board. The template is ready. According to him we are preparing required amount rafters
- Regarding the temporary rails, after about 1.5 meters we fix the support posts for the ridge run. Checking the vertical. We fasten the corner with a metal screed.
- We lay the board of the ridge run on the supports with an edge. We check the horizontal, fix it with nails or
- At the bottom, parallel to the run, we nail the bars to the base of the central supports, which will play the role of a bed.
- In the center of the roof with an angle of inclination of 450, we install a strut. Its top rests against the shoulder strap, the bottom against the bar at the base of the supports. Symmetrically on the other side of the support, we install a paired strut.
- We install rafters. We start with the extreme pairs, pulling a string between them. Fastening is carried out with nails or self-tapping screws to the strapping and to the ceiling beam.
- We strengthen the extreme rafters with additional vertical posts attached below to the harness.
- Each pair of rafters is additionally fixed with a puff.
It will be useful to have a device in the garage exhaust pipe. Its diameter must be at least 100 mm, length at least 50 cm. It can go both into the wall and into the roof. Well, if it is equipped with a special valve to keep the heat in the garage.
A convenient option for an outbuilding will be the combination of a garage and a bath under one roof. In this case, a full-fledged attic can be organized in the under-roof space.
One can only envy those car owners who have or got the opportunity to build their own real garage. Knowing the mentality of our men, it can be stated with a high degree of certainty that the vast majority of "lucky ones" will start building a "house" for their car with their own hands. Nowadays, there are many opportunities for choosing materials for building a garage - both from the standpoint of simplicity self erection, and in terms of maximum efficiency.
Any building is always crowned with a roof, and if, again, focus on minimum costs, then the best option its single-sided design becomes. In addition, the problems of some special decorative effect, as a rule, recede into the background, giving way to the reliability of the design and the speed of its installation. It is precisely these qualities that the mentioned option possesses. So, a shed roof for: from carrying out the necessary calculations to installation features - in this publication.
What are the advantages of a shed roof, are there any disadvantages?
So, in most cases, the garage is considered precisely as an auxiliary technical room, therefore, in its design and construction, a utilitarian approach usually dominates - simplicity, reliability, and the creation of effective protection for the car from atmospheric precipitation. That is why shed roofs are so popular in this case.
- This design is simple for independent calculations. It is based on a triangle - the most "rigid" of all two-dimensional figures, which is described by simple and understandable geometric relationships.
- The cost of materials and components is always significantly lower than for even the simplest gable roof. It is important that saving lumber in this case does not in any way affect the reliability of the structure.
- Installation of a shed roofing system is simple and intuitive. For the independent construction of such a structure, it is not at all necessary to be a qualified craftsman - subject to technological recommendations, any garage owner can handle such a task. This is another "plus" in terms of cost-effectiveness of construction - there is no need to resort to hiring specialists.
- Another advantage is the speed of work. You can cover the garage with a shed roof in a matter of days, while choosing a more complex truss system and time will take much more.
True, the owner of the garage, when choosing a pitched roof, will have to come to terms with some of its shortcomings:
- A shed roof is more susceptible to snow load - due to a slight slope, snowdrifts can form on its surface. This must be taken into account when making calculations.
- Such a design either does not imply an attic at all, or its operational capabilities will be significantly limited.
- There are certain difficulties in ensuring high-quality thermal insulation of such a garage, especially if the project does not involve at least a small attic space.
- Finally, not everyone likes the appearance of a shed roof, which does not involve any decorative frills. However, this is a matter of taste, and if desired, a pitched roof can be entered into the general "architectural ensemble" of one's country estates. For many, this disadvantage is not significant at all.
Shed roof garage options
The shed roof system is a series of stacked parallel to each other, arranged in such a way that one of their ends is raised relative to the other to a certain height to create a slope. The rafters become the basis for the installation of the necessary lathing, and already she, in turn, for the flooring of the selected roofing.
The excess of one edge of the rafters on the other can be provided in several ways:
- Even in the process of designing a garage, one of the walls is planned to be higher than the opposite, by an amount (the calculation of such an excess will be discussed below). The other two walls in this case are given the shape of a trapezoid.
This approach is often used in frame construction. Even when drawing up the drawings, it is envisaged that the height of the supporting vertical racks of the frame on one side will be higher. Thus, on different height, in compliance with the necessary ΔН, there will also be bars of the upper trim, which will play the role of a Mauerlat. As a result, immediately laid ready system shed roof, on which it remains only to mount the rafters, and then - the desired crate.
Which walls will vary in height will, of course, depend on the chosen direction of the slope.
- It can be a cross slope, towards one of the sides of the garage. This method is attractive in that the rafters are shorter, and you can often get by with the simplest scheme, without creating additional supports for them.
- Another option when facade wall buildings are higher than the back, and then the slope of the slope is organized back. The length of the built in this case, in relation to the garage, already reaches 5 ÷ 6 and even more meters, and one cannot do without their reinforcement.
- If, according to the project, both walls of the building are of the same height, or a shed roof is being erected on a previously constructed building, then you can organize the slope of the rafters by substituting racks of the same height ΔН under them on one side. Racks on top are usually combined with a strapping beam, which will begin to perform the function
In this case, the front part of the roof structure and the remaining open gable triangles after the installation of the truss system are simply sewn up with wood or other material, at your discretion.
This approach often allows you to achieve savings in the construction of the main walls of the garage - it will take less brick or blocks, and the laying process itself will be faster - there is no need to display additional side trapezoidal walls of the gables.
- If the walls are of the same height, then they resort to another method - they mount roof trusses on the "ground", and then install them with certain steps on the Mauerlat.
Usually in the course of work one such truss is made, carefully tried on and adjusted to the place. Well, then it becomes a template for "cloning" - the rest are made according to its model, in convenient conditions on earth. When all the farms are ready, they proceed to the final installation. The lower corners of the trusses are attached to the Mauerlat, the upper corners are tied together with a beam, creating a single rigid structure.
This approach is especially useful when long distance between the walls obliges the builder to strengthen the rafters. And the farm itself is tough constructive element, as it combines both a kind of floor beam and a rafter leg, with reinforcing jumpers installed between them - racks or struts.
Rafter mount
Another obvious convenience - in such a garage it will be much easier to hem the ceiling, if necessary, also insulate it - the horizontal beams of the trusses provide all the possibilities for this.
Another option is when the garage is attached to a finished solid wall of an already previously erected capital building.
In this case, one end of the rafters rests on brackets or a support beam installed on the wall at a certain height, and the other end rests on vertical racks with strapping - in case frame structure, or on the Mauerlat of a wall attached nearby. In any case, this fulcrum is again located with the calculated height difference ΔН.
If necessary, instead of rafters, roof trusses can also be attached to the wall of the house, by analogy with the previously considered case.
The main parameters of the shed roof of the garage, their calculations
So, if a decision is made to build a shed roof over the garage, then it is necessary to determine its main parameters.
From the initial data, as a rule, there are only the dimensions of the "box" of the garage - its length and width. From here we will start to “dance”.
Roof slope direction
First of all, it is necessary to determine in advance the direction of the slope of the slope, guided not only by considerations of convenience and ease of installation of the truss system, but also taking into account the prevailing wind direction at the construction site.
The slope of the roof is recommended to be carried out precisely on the windward side, so that the movement of air does not create lift, but, on the contrary, presses roof structure way down. Although the garage is usually a low structure, and can be almost completely buried from the effects of the wind by other buildings, however, the predominance of the wind can be caused by the terrain or neighboring buildings - open spaces, forest clearings, etc. And, of course, the specifics of the site can play a certain role in choosing the direction of the slope - the general "background" of the design of the territory, the location of the elements of the system storm sewer or other factors.
Determination of slope slope
The next step is to determine the steepness of the slope, that is, the angle α.
For shed roofs, this angle usually does not exceed 25, maximum - 30 °. With too much steepness, the structure itself looks ridiculous, and most importantly, the roof becomes very vulnerable to wind load. Too small slopes, less than 10 °, are also undesirable, since in this case the significance of the snow load on the slope increases sharply, the outflow of water becomes difficult, especially during thaws or the beginning of mass snow melting.
The slope angle is seriously affected by and. If the garage owner prefers one or another roofing material in advance, for example, in order to withstand the general design of the territory, then he must be guided by certain rules when calculating the steepness of a pitched roof.
Below is a diagram showing valid types roofing coverings for different angles of steepness of the roof slope.
Please note that the slope of the slope on the diagram is shown in three different versions - in degrees and in the ratio of the height of the lift (ΔH) to the base length (D or L), which, in turn, can be expressed as a fractional ratio or as a percentage. Having such a scheme at hand, it will not be difficult to convert one unit of measure to another.
The circled numbers indicate the types of roofing, and the arrow coming from them indicates the minimum allowable the amount of roof slope at which they can be used.
| Designation on the diagram | Permissible type of roofing |
|---|---|
| ① | Coating of shingles, wood chips, natural shingle. |
| ② | Natural piece tiles, slate and bitumen-polymer tiles. |
| ③ | Flat roof: at least four layers roll coating on a bituminous basis, with an external dressing of fine gravel embedded in molten mastic. |
| ④ | The same, but three layers of material are enough with a mandatory sprinkle. |
| ⑤ | The same, but without the obligatory gravel backfill. |
| ⑥ | Using roll material- two layers applied to the mastic in a "hot" way. It is allowed to use metal tiles or some types of corrugated board. |
| ⑦ | Asbestos-cement slate corrugated sheets of reinforced profile. |
| ⑧ | Clay tiles. |
| ⑨ | Sheets of flat slate reinforced pro |
| ⑩ | Sheet steel roofing, with seam connections of sheets. |
| ⑪ | Slate asbestos-cement wavy regular profile. |
How to give the ramp a given slope angle?
The next question is how to give the slope the desired angle of inclination.
If with a value α and we decided on the direction of the slope of the slope, then, knowing the initial parameter of the length or width of the garage (), it is easy to determine the required height difference ΔN, which has already been mentioned several times.
If the walls have a certain thickness (for example, they are made of blocks or bricks), then the measurement of the linear parameters of the building D and L draw along their outer edges.
To calculate, we use the well-known trigonometric formula:
H = L(D) × tg α
In order not to force the reader to look for tangent values and carry out independent calculations, a calculator is placed below that will allow you to perform the calculation in a matter of seconds. If desired, you can "play" with the values to find the best acceptable option.
Decking
