The use of more, most: the rule. Adverbs too and enough in English: usage Features of the use of adverbs

There are not so few adverbs in the English language: adverbs of place, time, measure and degree, mode of action. There are adverbs that give words additional semantic shades. And there are those that characterize the entire proposal as a whole. Let's not forget about adverbs that serve as interrogative words. We will not bypass adverbs that connect sentences. The classification is big. And think about the content of each group. It does not have one word, but several.

You can memorize many adverbs, it remains only to use them correctly. The question is: how to place them correctly within a sentence? Should we place it at the end of the sentence or at the very beginning? Or maybe its place after the verb? Which verb: main or auxiliary? In these subtleties of definition adverb places in an English sentence we will figure it out.

The place of the adverb in the English sentence: what and where do we put it?

Usually placed after verbs, but before , other adverbs or . For example:

I slept well this night. – I slept well at night.

The Spanish speak very fast. Spaniards speak very fast.

This task was incredibly difficult. This assignment was incredibly difficult.

This equipment is widely used. This equipment is used all over the place.

The place of adverbs in depends on the words that surround this adverb, and directly on its classification:

Adverbs of manner ( adverbs of manner) are placed before the main verb, after the auxiliary verb or at the end of the sentence.
He opened the door quietly/He quietly opened the door. He quietly opened the door.

She is greatly respected by other colleagues. She is highly respected by her colleagues.
Adverbs of degree ( adverbs of degree) will come before an adjective, adverb, or main verb, but after the auxiliary verb. These adverbs include - absolutely, completely, totally, very, quite, rather, etc.)
She is e xtremely beautiful. - She is extremely beautiful.

He came back rather late. He returned quite late.

We almost finished this project. We are almost finished with this project.

We didn't quite understand the way you behave. “We didn’t quite understand how you behaved.
Adverbs of frequency ( adverbs of frequency) is usually placed before the main verb, but after auxiliary ones, including to be. These are phrases like always, often, usually, rarely, seldom.
I am always pleased to see you. - I'm always glad to see you.

Megan often ask questions. Megan often asks questions.

He has always been cruel to her. He has always been cruel to her.
If we are talking about adverbs of place and time ( adverbs of place and time), note that their usual location is at the end or beginning of a sentence. If adverbs of place and time occur simultaneously in a sentence, the adverb of place comes first. Some monosyllabic words soon, now, then) we put before the main verb or after the auxiliary (including to be).
I will call you tomorrow. - I'll call you tomorrow.

Yesterday she saw her children. She saw the children yesterday.

There is a supermarket nearby.- There is a supermarket nearby.

I will soon let you know whether I want to move or not. I will let you know soon if I want to move or not.
An adverb that defines the entire sentence as a whole is usually placed at the beginning or end of the sentence.
unfortunately I failed to cope with this work. “Unfortunately, I didn't get the job done.

I will be at work at 8 am, probably. I will probably be at work by eight in the morning.
If we want to emphasize the meaning of an adverb (make it emphatic, that is, having an intensifying meaning), we place it at the beginning of the sentence.
Tomorrow, I will be sixteen. Tomorrow I will be sixteen.

Slowly, she began lowering my self-esteem. Slowly she began to lower my self-esteem.
Suppose there are two or more adverbs in a sentence. How do we proceed in this case? We arrange them according to the following scheme: adverb of action - adverb of place - adverb of time.
She read carefully in her bed all day long. She lay in bed all day and read carefully.

And if the sentence contains one of the verbs of motion ( go, come, leave, etc.)? In this case, we will arrange the adverbs as follows: adverb of place - adverb of manner of action - adverb of time.

I was going there quickly yesterday. – I went quickly there yesterday.

As we can see, the positions of adverbs in English can be very different. At first it may seem that all these rules are insanely complex, and therefore it is difficult to remember them. But in practice, it turns out that by actively using the language, a person further determines the place of the adverb in the English sentence automatically.

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Adverb is the part of speech that describes verbs, indicating a sign of action or various circumstances under which the action takes place and answers the questions - how? where? when?.

He works (how?) hard- He works hard
He lives (where?) here- He lives here

In offers adverb serves as circumstance. An adverb is usually formed with the suffix - ly.

Degrees of comparison and the formation of adverbs (Grade 7)

Most adverbs in English do not change morphologically, i.e. have a single form recorded in the dictionary: tomorrow - tomorrow, always - always, upstairs - upstairs.

Only adverbs of manner(responding to the question as?) have degrees of comparison. This phenomenon is not difficult, since in Russian the degrees of comparison have the same adverbs as in English:

high - higher - above all - high - higher - highest.

Adverbs of mode of action are also interesting because most of them are formed from with the help of the suffix - ly. Such adverbs are usually not registered in English-Russian dictionaries, and their meaning is determined by the meaning of the adjective, for example:

quick - fast, therefore, quickly - quickly;
beautiful - beautiful, beautifully - beautiful.

Education

Remember spelling rules!

When forming an adverb with the help of a suffix - ly the following changes occur.

1. If the adjective ends in - at, then - y changes to -i:

noise y- noisy, nois ily- noisy;
easy - easy, easily - easy;
gay - cheerful, gaily - fun.

2. If the adjective ends in - le, then when forming an adverb - e changes to -y:

simp le simple, simp ly- simply;
remarkable - wonderful, remakably - wonderful.

3. If the adjective ends in - l, that is - l doubles:

usua l- regular, usua lly- usually.

From some adjectives, adverbs are formed in two ways: by conversion and by adding the suffix - ly.

Thus, in English there are pairs of adverbs with the same root: one is homonymous to the adjective, the other is with the suffix -ly. At the same time, the meanings of these adverbs are not synonymous: the adverb in -ly expresses an abstract concept, and often its meaning differs from that of the original adjective. In this case, the meaning of the adverb is registered in the dictionary.

For example:

high - high, high - high, highly - very, extremely
hard - difficult, heavy - hard - stubbornly -hardly - barely

Degrees of comparison

Adverbs of manner like adjectives, have three degrees of comparison: positive, comparative and superlative.

Monosyllabic adverbs and the adverb early form degrees of comparison synthetically (they form a comparative degree by adding the suffix - er, superlative degree by adding the suffix - est):

positive degree

Comparative

excellent

fast - quickly

hard - diligently

early - early

soon - soon

late - late

fast er- faster

harder - harder

earlier - earlier

sooner - sooner

later - later

the fast est- the fastest

hardest - the hardest of all

earliest - the earliest (of all)

soonest - most likely (of all)

latest - latest of all (total)

Adverbs formed from adjectives with the suffix - ly form a comparative degree using more, and excellent with most.

Degrees of comparison of adverbs often, quickly, slowly form degrees of comparison in both ways described above.

Exceptions

Several adverbs do not form degrees of comparison according to the rule:

Adverbs homonymous with adjectives also have homonymous degrees of comparison:

far - distant farther, the farthest;
far - far, further, the furthest.

The use of the definite article before the superlative degree of adverbs is optional, i.e. optional:

Not laughs best who laughs last. The one who laughs last laughs well (best of all).

Forms of adverbs in English

According to the forms of formation, adverbs are divided into simple, derivative, complex and compound.

Simple

here - here, here
there - there, there
now - now, now
soon - soon
late - late
very - very

The adverb here "here, here" is used if the object is close or in the same place. The adverb there "there, there" is used, on the contrary, if something or someone is at a distance or in another place. Thus, the word here is intended to be used with this (place), and there with that (place).

My house is here. This is my house. - My house here. This my house.
your house is there. That"s your house. - Your house there. To your house.
Come here, please. I "d like to talk to you. - Come here, please. I would like to talk to you.
Don't go there. It "s too far. - Don't go there. It is too far.

Derivatives

Adverbs formed from adjectives with the suffix - ly

bad - bad; badly - bad
quiet - calm; quietly - calmly
slow - slow; slowly - slowly

Some adverbs are formed from nouns (mostly denoting time)

day - day; daily - daily (if it ends in - y then -y is replaced by -i)
week - week; weekly - weekly
part - part; partly - partly

A number of adverbs are formed from participles:

exceedingly - extremely
decidedly - resolutely

There are also adverbs formed with the suffix - ward(s)

forward(s) - forward
back - back

Complex

somewhere - somewhere, somewhere
nowhere - nowhere, nowhere
somewhat - somewhat, to some extent
sometimes - sometimes
everywhere - everywhere

Composite

They are combinations of adverbs with prepositions or other adverbs:

before long - soon
till now
since then - since then
for ever - forever

A number of adverbs - fast, long, far, low, little, much, straight, early, daily- does not differ in form from the corresponding adjectives. It must be borne in mind that adjective defines noun, a adverb - verb, adjective, or other adverb.

Adjective:

The price is very low - The price (what?) Is very low
He drew a straight line - He drew a straight line (what?)

He speak very fast - He speaks (how?) very quickly
The plane flew very low - The plane flew (how?) Very low

Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of frequency- several adverbs that express the frequency of an action.

Adverbs that are used with the Present Simple form include the words:

always - always;
usually - usually;
often - often;
sometimes - sometimes;
never - never.

Also used in English is the word every "every", followed by a noun denoting a period of time, day of the week, name of the month or season. This clarification is usually placed at the end of the sentence.

I clean the house every Saturday. Every Saturday I clean the house.
We go to the sea every summer. — Every summer we go to the sea.

Remember the relevant question: How often...? How often...?

How often do you go swimming? - How often do you swim?
I go swimming every Wednesday. - Every Wednesday. (I swim every Wednesday).

Features of the use of adverbs

Some adverbs (loud, loudly, slow, slowly, quick, quicky, bright, brightly, cheap, cheaply) have two forms: one coinciding with the form of the corresponding adjective, and the other having the suffix - ly. The form without a suffix is found mainly in colloquial speech.

He has a loud voice - He has a loud (adjective) voice
Don't talk so loud(loudly) - Don't speak so loudly (adverb)

Adverbs are words that describe verbs, adjectives, other adverbs or phrases. Often they answer the question "How?" (How?). For example:

She sings beautifully.
She sings beautifully. (How does she sing? Beautiful.)
He runs very fast.
He runs very fast. (How fast does he run? Very fast.)
I occasionally practice speaking English.
From time to time I practice conversational English. (How often do I practice? From time to time.)

The place an adverb occupies in an English sentence depends on the type of adverb. It is in this aspect that we will understand in today's lesson.

1. Do not put an adverb between the verb and the object of its action

In the next sentence painted is a verb and the house- an object. Carefully, as you might have guessed, is an adverb.

I carefully painted the house. = Right
I painted the house carefully. = Right
I painted carefully the house. = Not right

Here is another example. In this offer read is a verb, a book is the object of the action, and sometimes- adverb.

I sometimes read a book before bed. = Right
Sometimes I read a book before bed. = Right
I read a book before bed sometimes. = Acceptable, but only in informal situations
I read sometimes a book before bed. = Not right

There are three standard adverb locations

Front position: at the beginning of a sentence

suddenly the phone rank.
Suddenly the phone rang.

fortunately, no one was injured.
Fortunately, no one was hurt.

Maybe I'll go for a walk.
Maybe I'll go for a walk.

Middle position: next to the main verb

I always exercise before work.
I always exercise before work.

They have completely forgotten about our appointment.
They completely forgot about our meeting.

He was probably late for the interview.
He was probably late for the interview.

She slowly began to recover from her illness.
She slowly began to recover from her illness.

Final position: at the end of a sentence

You speak English well.
You speak English well.

Please sit there.
Please sit here.

They ate dinner quietly.
They ate quietly.

The place of an adverb in a sentence depends on its type. Some adverbs can take different positions.

Adverbs of manner

quickly, slowly, easily, happily, well,* badly, seriously

The position in the middle of the sentence makes the adverb less expressive:

He quickly corrected his mistake.
He quickly corrected his mistake.
She easily passed the test.
She easily passed the test.
We happily accepted the invitation.
We gladly accepted the invitation.

The position at the end of the sentence, on the contrary, gives the adverb more expressiveness:

He corrected his mistake quickly.
He corrected his mistakes quickly.
She passed the test easily.
She passed the test easily.
We accepted the invitation happily.
We accepted the invitation with joy.

Adverbs of manner that do not end in -ly(such as well, hard and fast ) can only take place at the end of a sentence:

They dance well.
They dance well.
He's working hard.
He works tirelessly.
She runs fast.
She runs fast.

Adverbs of time and frequency

Certain frequency: daily,* weekly,* every year, last week

Place: at the beginning of a sentence or at the end of a sentence (most common).

I study English every day.
I study English every day.
every day, I study English.
Every day I study English.
We went to Australia last year.
We went to Australia last year.
last year we went to Australia.
Last year we went to Australia.

Adverbs of frequency expressed in one word cannot take the front position in a sentence:

I speak with my mother daily.
I talk to my mom every day (daily)
Let's meet weekly to share updates on the project.
Let's meet every week to share the latest news about the project.

undefined frequency: often, usually, occasionally, frequently, rarely, sometimes, always, finally, eventually, soon, never

Always and never stand in the middle of a sentence - before the verb:

I always wake up early.
I always get up early.
We never imagined this would be so hard.
We never imagined that it would be so difficult.

The rest can occupy various positions:

Usually I take the bus to work.
I usually go to work by bus.
I usually take the bus to work.
I usually go to work by bus.
Soon you'll be finished with school.
You will finish school soon.
You'll soon be finished with school.
You will finish school soon.
You'll be finished with school soon.
You will finish school soon.
We occasionally drink wine.
We drink wine sometimes.
Occasionally we drink wine.
Sometimes we drink wine.
We drink wine occasionally.
We drink wine sometimes.We drink occasionally wine. = Not right!

Remember: never put an adverb between the verb and the object of its action!

Adverbs of place

everywhere, nearby, downstairs, outside, south/southward, towards, backwards

Usually they are placed at the end of a sentence or in the middle - immediately after the verb:

The children are playing outside.
Children play in the yard.
The glass shattered and the pieces flew everywhere.
The glass shattered and pieces scattered everywhere.
They drove south/southward on the highway.
They were driving south along the highway.
He walked towards the police station.
He walked towards the police station.

Linking adverbs and explanatory adverbs

Linking adverbs show connections between events and ideas: anyway, however, then, next, additionally, similarly, furthermore, otherwise

Explanatory adverbs show the position of the speaker or his opinion about the sentence: honestly, stupidly, personally, fortunately, surprisingly

Adverbs of both these groups are at the beginning of the sentence:

First I went to the bank. Then I went to the post office.
First I went to the bank. Then I went to the post office.
The test will be difficult. However, the students are well prepared.
The test will be difficult. However, the students are well prepared.
He doesn't have a job. Furthermore, he's not interested in finding one.
He doesn't have a job. Moreover, he is not even interested in finding her.
I dropped my wallet on the street. Surprisingly, an honest person found it and gave it back to me.
I dropped my wallet in the street. To my surprise, some honest person found it and returned it to me.
They showed me all the products available. Honestly, I didn't like any of them.
They showed all available products. To be honest, I didn't like any of them.

Although for some of them other positions in the sentence are possible:

They showed me all the products available. I didn't like any of them, frankly.
They showed me all the products available. I didn't like any of them, to be honest.
They showed me all the products available. I frankly didn't like any of them.
They showed me all the products available. To be honest, I didn't like any of them.

Adverbs characterizing the degree of confidence

maybe, perhaps, probably, obviously, definitely, certainly, clearly

Maybe and perhaps are usually placed at the beginning of a sentence:

Maybe we'll go out to eat tonight.
Maybe we'll go out for dinner tonight.
Perhaps I should explain further.
Maybe I should explain later.

Other adverbs of this type usually stand in the middle:

We'll probably go out to eat tonight.
We'll probably go out for dinner tonight.
I should definitely explain further.
I should definitely explain later.
He clearly made a mistake.
He clearly made a mistake.
That's certainly not the case.
This is definitely not relevant.

Emphasizing adverbs

very, really, terribly, extremely, almost, quite, pretty

These words usually take a middle position immediately before the word they emphasize.

We're very tired.
We are very tired.
Their new house is really impression .
Their new home is quite impressive.
He plays the piano extreme badly.
He plays the piano extremely badly.
This lesson is pretty easy to understand.
This lesson is pretty easy to learn.
The employees are terribly underpaid.
The workers are paid extremely low wages.
It's quite generous of you to let me stay at your house.
It's quite generous of you to let me stay in your house.
We almost got lost in the city.
We are practically lost in this city.

Pay attention to the use of the adverbs discussed below.

adverb very

The adverb very means "very", "to a great extent". It is usually used with adjectives or adverbs in the positive degree.

For example:
He was very nice.
He was very nice.

She is very intelligent.
She is very smart.

He is very small.
He is very small.

He did it very well.
He did it very well.

He drove very carefully.
He drove very carefully.

When very used together with well, this expression means consent, permission.

For example:
very well doctor, I will give up smoking.
Okay, doctor, I'll quit smoking.

Oh very well, I will come if you want.
Very well, I'll come if you like.

When very used with a superlative adjective, it means "in the highest degree".

For example:
This tea is of the very best quality.
This tea is of the highest quality.

She is the very best singer I know.
She is the best singer I have ever known.

When very used with the word own, it means "only", "perfectly".

For example:
Keep this present for you very own.
Keep this gift just for yourself. (= For your own use only.)

Very often used before a word much.

For example:
thank you very much.
Thank you very much.

adverb much

Adverb much means "very", "greatly". It is used with singular uncountable nouns.

For example:
I haven't got much time.
I do not have much time. (= I don't have much time.)

She didn't eat much breakfast.
She ate little at breakfast. (= She did not eat much during breakfast.)

Much can be used with adjectives or adverbs in comparative and superlative degrees. In this case, it means "much", "much".

For example:
She is much prettier than her sister.
She is much prettier than her sister.

He is much taller than his wife.
He is much taller than his wife.

adverb too

Adverb too means "too much", "more than required". It has a somewhat negative connotation.

For example:
She is too fat.
She's too plump.

He is too young to marry.
He is too young to get married.

It is too late to start a new lesson.
It's too late for a new lesson.

adverb enough

Adverb enough means enough. It has a positive connotation. note that enough is placed after the adjective or adverb it defines.

For example:
He is rich enough to buy a car. (NOT He is rich enough to buy a car.)
He is rich enough to buy a car.

I was foolish enough to trust her.
I was so stupid that I believed her.

Adverb enough is the opposite of the adverb too.

Compare:
The water is hot enough for swimming.
The water is hot enough for swimming. ( Just right, just right.)

The water is too hot for swimming.
The water is too hot for swimming. ( More than necessary, too much.)

Adverbs quite and rather

And the adverb quite, and adverb rather, has the meaning "enough", "enough". The difference is that the adverb quite has a positive connotation rather- negative.

For example:
She is quite easy to deal with.
She's pretty easy to deal with.

She is rather difficult to deal with.
She's pretty hard to deal with.

See also:

The degrees of comparison of adverbs (The Degrees of Comparison of Adverbs)
The degrees of comparison of adverbs are formed in the same way as the degrees of comparison of adjectives.
One-syllable adverbs form a comparative degree by adding the suffix - e r , and superlative - suffix - est (without article the) to a positive degree form. The two-syllable adverb also forms degrees of comparison early- early.

Positive degree	Comparative	Superlatives
High - high
Soon - soon
Late - late
Early - early		earliest

Adverbs ending in - at , form a comparative degree using the word more, and excellent - with the help of the word most. For example:

Degrees of comparison of adverbs often- often, quickly- fast, slowly - slowly formed in two ways:

	Oftener/ more often	Oftenest/ most often
	Quicker/more quickly	Quickest/most quickly
	Slower/ more slowly	Slowest/ most slowly

Some adverbs have forms of degrees of comparison formed from other roots:

In British English form farther and further do not differ when it comes to distance:
He is too tired to walk any further/ farther. - He's too tired to go further.
In the American version, only the word farther used in this sense. Form only further used in the meaning of "more":
Don'ttrymy patienceanyfurther. - don't test more my patience.
And in those cases where there is no concept of comparison:
He said than he couldn't find itand, further, that nobody would ever find it.- He said that he could not find this thing and, moreTogo that no one will ever find her.
Adverbs of place and time ( here,there and etc.; today,tomorrow,yesterday etc.) have no degrees of comparison.

Classification of adverbs by meaning and function of adverbs in a sentence
According to their meaning, adverbs are divided into adverbs of time, place, mode of action, measure and degree, interrogative and negative.

Adverbs of time
Characterizing the verb, adverbs of time denote the time of the action. These include: a) adverbs of a certain time now- now, now; today- today, yesterday- yesterday, tomorrow- tomorrow, then- then, before- before, before atnight- at night, since- since then and b) adverbs indefinite time (or frequency): always- always, sometimes- sometimes, ever- someday, never- never, often- often, seldom, rarely- rarely, usually- usually, already- already, yet- still, already still- still, just- just now etc.
Worthy of special attention adverbsstill andyet , which correspond to the Russian "still". Adverb still used in affirmative sentences, as well as in interrogative sentences if an affirmative answer is expected. Adverb yet- in negative sentences, as well as in interrogative sentences, if they are expected to receive a negative answer. Compare:

Adverbs of place
Describing a verb, adverbs of place designate the place or direction of action. These include: here- here, here; there- there, there; far- far; back(wards)- back, back; towards,forth- forward; inside- inside, inside; within- inside; outside- outside, outside; down(stairs)- down, below; up(stairs)- upstairs, upstairs; everywhere- everywhere; nowhere- nowhere, nowhere; somewhere- somewhere, somewhere, somewhere; anywhere- somewhere, anywhere; northward(s)- to the north, to the north; southward(s)- south, south, etc.
somewhere is used in affirmative statements, and the adverb anywhere- in interrogative and negative sentences.

Adverbs of manner
Describing the verb, adverbs of manner indicate the way in which the action is performed. These include mainly adverbs with the suffix - lu : quickly- fast; slowly- slowly; quietly- calmly; attentively- attentively; hard- stubbornly, persistently; well- OK; loudly- loud; closely- close; stable- exactly; definitely- definitely; positively- positively; negatively- negative, etc.
In this group there are adverbs, the form of which does not differ from the form of the corresponding adjectives. They can only be distinguished on the basis of their functions in the sentence. Compare:

Adverbs of measure and degree
These adverbs define a verb, adjective, adverb or participle II and denote the degree, measure of action and attribute. These include adverbs: very- very; nearly,almost- almost; hardly,scarcely- barely; too- too much; enough- enough; quite- quite, absolutely; little- few; mysh- a lot, much; just- Exactly, just like that.
It should be remembered that the adverb very used with adjectives and adverbs. With verbs and participles of the past tense in the meaning of "very" is used much or verymuch:
He is very busy. - He verybusy.
He comes here very often. - He Often comes here.
Iwasmuch surprised atwhat he said.- I was very surprised by what he said.
He works very much. - He so many works.
Adverb much in affirmative statements is usually replaced by turns agooddeal (of),agreatdeal (of),alot(of),lotsof- many.

Adverbs of effect and cause
Adverbs of effect and cause: therefore- thus; consequently- due to; so- so, thus, therefore ; accordingly- respectively ; besides- Moreover ; more-over Furthermore ; like-wise likewise, like ; still- However ; however- however, they serve to connect parts of a compound sentence or to attach a subordinate clause to the main clause in a complex sentence. At the same time, they retain part of their meaning as adverbs.
Itisverycold,therefore Ishallnot go out. - Very cold, that's why I'm going nowhere will not go.
It was late night so we went home. - It was late at night that's why we went home.
Shemadenofriends,forshewasMacready'swife;more over, Macreadydidnotwanthertomakefriends.- She did not make friends with anyone, since she was Macready's wife; Furthermore Macready didn't want her to be friends with anyone.