Ttk cement floor screed device. Technological map Typical technological map for the device of cement-sand and polymer-cement screeds Technological map device of a reinforced screed

TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CARD

Arrangement of cement-sand floor screed with fiber reinforcement in a mechanized way

1 AREA OF USE

1.1. The technological map is developed for the device of cement-sand screeds from a hard semi-dry mortar, with the addition of polypropylene synthetic fiber (building microreinforcing fiber - VSM), performed by a mechanized method, designed to level the surfaces of the underlying floor element or to give the floor a given slope.

The thickness, strength of the screed and the material are assigned by the project, depending on the type of floor covering, the structure of the floors and the purpose of the premises based on the requirements:

SP 29.13330.2011 Floors. Updated edition of SNiP 2.03.13-88;

Floors. The set of rules (in the development of SNiP 2.03.13-88 "Floors" and SNiP 3.04.01-87 "Insulation and finishing coatings");

MDS 31-6.2000 "Recommendations for the construction of floors", regulating the sequence of operations for the preparation and installation of cement-sand hard semi-dry mixtures (mortars) using polypropylene synthetic fiber, - screed device and quality control of the work performed (Fig. 1).

Fig. 1. Fiber screed device

When developing this technological map, the requirements for the quality of the materials used were also taken into account:

GOST 8736-93 Sand for construction work. Specifications (as amended);

GOST 25328-82 Cement for mortars. Technical conditions;

GOST 7473-2010 Concrete mixtures. Technical conditions;

Change N 1 GOST 28013-98 Building solutions. General technical conditions.

The developed technology for the manufacture and installation of screeds with the use of fiberglass, modern Russian and German equipment is used in a variety of industries:

Housing and civil complexes;

In industrial, civil and public buildings (Fig. 2);

Fig. 2. Floor screed device in industrial, civil and public buildings

In production and industrial workshops;

When arranging storage facilities;

In garages and car repair shops;

In trade halls and exhibition complexes;

In multi-storey car parks;

In aircraft hangars and cargo terminals;

In offices, basements and roofs.

Technological stages of the device of the floor screed by a mechanized method with fiber reinforcement (fig. 3)

The necessary measurements are taken, a topographic map of the room is drawn up. The goal is to measure the area and thickness of the layer. Deviations from the horizon line to the existing coverage are recorded using a laser level from a given reference point (options are possible). Based on the fixation of deviations and their further miscalculation at many points, the future thickness of the screed is determined;

The base is being prepared - the surface is freed from foreign objects, debris;

In the immediate vicinity of the object of work (on the street), equipment is located - a pneumatic blower. It is a self-contained unit with a diesel engine in the form of a semi-trailer;

Mortar hoses, through which the mixture prepared in the pneumosupercharger is transmitted to the work site, are mounted from the equipment to the premises;

The necessary materials are placed in the immediate vicinity of the equipment - sand, cement, fiberglass, plasticizer, water (constantly replenished container);

The surface in the room is covered with a technical film, a damper tape is mounted around the perimeter of the room and at the points of abutment to vertical surfaces;

In certain proportions, the material is fed into the mixing chamber of the pneumosupercharger, mixed and fed in portions to the work site (the possibility of supplying the finished solution to a height of up to the 30th floor);

The mixture is taken using a special damper connected to the high-pressure hoses, it is planned in advance and rammed;

From a given horizon line, using a special technology, beacons are formed from the ready-made solution for laying in the future a ready-made hard (semi-dry) solution at an equal distance from a given horizon line;

With the help of special smoothing rails (rules), a surface is formed according to previously made beacons;

The surface is rubbed and additionally compacted with a surface grinder;

Expansion seams are cut;

The surface is covered with plastic wrap.

Fig. 3. Technological stages of the screed device

2. GENERAL PROVISIONS

ORGANIZATION OF THE CONSTRUCTION PROCESS FOR THE DEVICE OF THE FLOOR SCREEDING

2.1. A screed is a monolithic or prefabricated layer of relatively strong material in multi-layer structures of floors and roofs of buildings. Designed for the perception, distribution and transmission of loads (for example, on the roofs - snow cover, on the floors - the presence of people, goods, equipment), to level the underlying layer or to give the covering layer of roof and floor structures a given slope, as well as for flooring them with a finishing cover, movement of equipment and people on it.

2.2. Work on the screed device with the use of fiberglass (building micro-reinforcing fiber - VSM) must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP after the completion of construction and installation work, during the production of which the screed may be damaged.

2.3. The screed device is allowed to be carried out at an air temperature at floor level and a temperature of the underlying layer not lower than 5 ° C, the temperature must be maintained for the entire duration of the work and until the screed acquires a strength of at least 50% of the design.

2.4. A screed made of a hard semi-dry mortar, performed by a mechanized method, must be laid from one time to the design height.

2.5. In order to prevent the transfer of deformations to the floor screed from the building structures along the walls, around the columns and foundations, insulating joints are arranged by laying insulating material (damping tapes made of expanded polyethylene, isolon, isocom) to the entire height of the screed just before laying the mortar.

2.6. To prevent chaotic cracking of the screed during hardening and gaining strength, it is necessary to cut shrinkage seams, as a result of which the screed will crack in a given direction. Shrinkage joints should be cut along the column axes and butted with the corners of the joints along the perimeter of the columns. The floor map formed by the shrinkage joints is cut into squares if possible. The length of the card must not exceed 1.5 times its width. The generally accepted rule is that the smaller the card, the less chance of chaotic cracking.

2.7. When constructing screeds from a hard semi-dry mortar, taking into account their design features, the following should be performed at the facility:

Preparatory work:

Provision of access roads of freight transport to the place of work;

Determine the place of installation of equipment and storage of building materials for the manufacture and supply of mortar mixture;

Providing a power access point;

Providing the necessary lighting for the work site;

Ensuring the supply of service water to the installation site of the equipment.

Technological operations:

Cleaning the surface of the underlying layer;

Making marks of a clean floor;

Installation of insulating material for the entire height of the screed along the perimeter of the walls, around the columns and foundations;

Preparation of cement-sand mortar;

Supply of mortar to the place of installation;

Arrangement of beacons;

Laying cement-sand mortar;

Grinding the screed surface with trowels (Fig. 4);

Fig. 4. Screed Surface Grinding Machine

Cutting expansion joints.

Materials (edit)

The choice of work technology, the use of the necessary equipment, initial building materials forfloor screed devices due to the purpose of the latter and the requirements that the practice of their operation puts forward to them.

For the production of semi-dry cement-sand screed, the following are used:

Fig. 5. Sand for construction works

Sand for construction work (GOST 8736-93 Sand for construction work. Specifications (as amended)), used for the preparation of a solution when installing screeds, must have a particle size of no more than 3 mm and not contain clay particles more than 3% by weight (Fig. five).

Fig. 6. Cement

Cement - Portland cement not lower than PTs-400 DO grade. To bringcement marking in accordance with the European standard EN 197-1, a new GOST 30515 has been introduced in the Russian Federation. It is used in the production of critical concrete and reinforced concrete structures in industrial construction, where high requirements are imposed on water resistance, frost resistance, durability (Fig. 6).

Fig. 7. Fiber polypropylene

Fiber polypropylene is a building microreinforcing fiber (VSM), added to cement-sand mortars, inconcrete , foam concrete, etc. (fig. 7). The main task of the fiber reinforcement of the above materials is to increase the strength indicators for impact strength, crack resistance, increase the tensile strength of the material, as a result of which the materials acquire qualitatively new properties. Construction microreinforcing fiber - VSM (synthetic fiber, fiber) is a multifunctional reinforcing additive for concrete and mortars.

Constructive solutions for the construction of the base for floors in the formmonolithic floating screed additionally include polyethylene film, insulation (damper tapes) and heat and sound insulation materials as constituent elements of the screed (Fig. 8-11).

Fig. 8. Sound insulation underlay

Fig. 9. Penoplex

Fig. 10. Polyethylene film

Fig. 11. Damper tape

Applied equipment and tools:

Pneumatic mortar pump with a hopper for the preparation of a semi-dry screed, manufactured by Brinkman, Putzmeister, Germany, electric smoothing (grinding) machines, a laser level, rules and other small tools (Fig. 12-14).

Fig. 12. Laser level

Fig. 13. Pneumatic mortar pump with a hopper for preparing a semi-dry screed

Fig. 14. Electric smoothing (sander) machine

3. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF PERFORMANCE OF WORKS ON THE DEVICE OF THE FLOOR SCREEDING

3.1. The surface of the underlying layer is cleaned before laying the cement-sand mortar. The surface of the base is inspected, thoroughly cleaned of debris and extraneous layers, dust is removed using an industrial vacuum cleaner, the horizontality of the base and the correctness of the slopes are checked, grease stains are removed, if there are cracks at the base, cracks are expanded and filled with a repair compound, the gaps between the prefabricated plates are closed. The substrate must be clean, sound and free from delamination.

3.2. Making marks. The level of the finished floor is carried out by surveyors using a laser level. It should be borne in mind that the level of the finished floor must be the same in all rooms of the apartment or part of the floor located between adjacent stairwells.

3.3. Insulation seams. In order to prevent the transfer of deformations to the floor screed from the building structures along the walls, around the columns and foundations, insulating joints are arranged by laying an insulating material (damping tapes made of expanded polyethylene, isolon, isocom) 4-8 mm thick to the entire height of the screed immediately before laying the mortar.

3.4. Screed preparation. The place for the installation of the compressor, pneumatic transport specialized equipment for the preparation and supply of the mixture, the place of storage of building materials must be indicated in the project for the production of works or agreed with the Customer. The required area for placing equipment and materials is from 30 to 50 m... Semi-dry screed is prepared directly at the construction site or at the work site.

When preparing a screed by a mechanized method with the use of fiberglass, certain requirements are observed, the ratio of the volume of sand to the volume of cement, which should be a ratio of 3: 1, under the strict condition that the washed seeded sand corresponds to a fraction of the size modulus of 2-3 mm. Standard pneumatic conveying equipment has a mixing hopper volume of 250 liters, the actual volume of the finished mixture is 200 liters. The minimum amount of cement per hopper load should not be less than 50 kg (1 standard bag). The water-cement ratio is in the range of 0.34-0.45, which corresponds to 17-24 liters of water per bunker load.

Loading of sand, cement and water is carried out in two stages. First stage: first loadedvolume of sand (about 75 kg) and a 50 kg bag of cement. Then add 10-12 liters of water and polypropylene fiber. The second stage: the final loading of the working bunker with sand of about 100 kg and the required amount of water of about 7-12 liters, as well as fiber, is carried out. The consumption of the used polypropylene fiber is about 120-150 grams per full load of the hopper, i.e. for one batch at the rate of 700-900 grams per cubic meter of the prepared solution. Fibrin is added with every proportion of water. The full loaded mass is mixed for at least two minutes. The total running time of the mixing hopper, taking into account the loading time, is from 4 to 7 minutes.

3.5. Supply of mortar to the place of installation. The prepared cement-sand mortar under pressure is fed in portions through rubber hoses directly to the place of installation and is placed on the base through the mortar absorber. On large areas, the floor screed is carried out with cards. The size of the map is determined by the productivity of the working unit, i.e. floor area laid in one working shift. The time for feeding the prepared solution should not exceed 5 minutes. Depending on the type of equipment, the feed can be carried out at a distance of up to 160 meters horizontally and 100 meters in height. If it is necessary to deliver the solution to a distance of more than 100 meters, the delivery time can take up to 7-15 minutes. At negative outside air temperatures not exceeding minus 10 ° C, the preparation and supply of the solution is possible with the obligatory arrangement of the so-called "hot house" at the installation site of the compressor, pneumatic transport specialized equipment.

3.6. Installation of beacons and laying of cement-sand mortar. The device of beacons is made from a freshly prepared solution with a preliminary leveling with a level without installing guides (Fig. 15).

Fig. 15. Installation of beacons and laying of cement-sand mortar

After the cement-sand semi-dry mixture (mortar) is supplied to the place of work, the entire volume of the prepared map is filled with the mixture. The mixture is stretched with a screed rule, moved with a double-sided support on these beacons until a flat surface is obtained. In the process of work, it is necessary to monitor the state of the exposed beacons. Leveling of the surface and installation of beacons is carried out simultaneously, thereby achieving uniformity of laying and in the future a complete absence of cracks.

3.7. Grinding the screed surface (fig. 16). Work on grinding the surface should be started immediately after leveling the mortar and finished before the mortar begins to set within 1.5-2 hours from the moment of filing. The surface should be sanded with a trowel equipped with a leveling disc and in special shoes - concrete shoes.

Fig. 16. Grinding the screed surface

3.8. Cutting expansion joints (Fig. 17). To prevent chaotic cracking of the screed during hardening and gaining strength, it is necessary to cut expansion joints, as a result of which the screed cracks in a given direction. There are three main types of expansion joints:

Insulation seams;

Shrinkage seams;

Structural seams.

It is more expedient to cut the shrinkage joints in a freshly laid mortar with a special cutter after the surface of the mortar has been treated with a trowel. The seams must be cut along the axes of the columns and docked with the corners of the seams along the perimeter of the columns. The floor map formed by the shrinkage joints is cut into squares if possible. The length of the card should not exceed 1.5 times its width. The seam depth should be 1/3 of the screed thickness. The seams allow you to create straight planes of slack in the screed. Obviously, the smaller the map, the less chance of chaotic cracking.

Fig. 17. Cutting expansion joints

Structural seams are tripled in places where the work of laying the screed of the working link ends in a shift. Structural joints work on the shrinkage principle and, if possible, should be aligned.

4. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE QUALITY OF WORKS

4.1. Acceptance of work on the installation of screeds is carried out in accordance with the requirements of SP 29.13330.2011 Floors. Updated edition of SNiP 2.03.13-88 (section 8 Screed (base for floor covering)).

4.2. The smallest thickness of a cement-sand or concrete screed to create a slope at the junction with gutters, channels and ladders should be: when laying it on floor slabs - 20 mm, on a heat and sound insulating layer - 40 mm. The thickness of the screed for covering pipelines (including in heated floors) must be at least 45 mm greater than the diameter of the pipelines.

4.3. To level the surface of the underlying layer and cover the pipelines, as well as to create a slope on the floor, monolithic screeds made of concrete of a class of at least B12.5 or from cement-sand mortars based on dry building floor mixtures on a cement binder with a compressive strength of at least 15 MPa.

4.4. The thickness of monolithic screeds made of dispersion-self-compacting mortars based on dry mixes of building flooring with a cement binder, used to level the surface of the underlying layer, should be at least 1.5 times the diameter of the maximum filler contained in the composition.

4.5. The bond strength (adhesion) of screeds based on a cement binder for pulling off with a concrete base at the age of 28 days should be at least 0.6 MPa. The adhesion strength of the hardened mortar (concrete) to the concrete base after 7 days should be at least 50% of the design.

4.6. At the junctions of screeds made on sound-insulating gaskets or backfills with other structures (walls, partitions, pipelines passing through ceilings, etc.), gaps of 25-30 mm wide must be provided for the entire thickness of the screed, filled with sound-insulating material.

4.7. In rooms, during the operation of which air temperature drops (positive and negative) are possible, in the cement-sand or concrete screed, it is necessary to provide expansion joints, which must coincide with the axes of the columns, seams of floor slabs, expansion joints in the underlying layer. Expansion joints should be sewn with a polymer elastic composition.

4.8. In screeds of heated floors, it is necessary to provide for expansion joints, cut in the longitudinal and transverse directions. The seams are cut to the full thickness of the screed and sewn with an elastic polymer composition. The step of expansion joints should be no more than 6 m.

5. NEED FOR MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES

5.1. Sand for construction work. GOST 8736-93 Sand for construction work. Specifications (as amended).

5.2. GOST 25328-82 Cement for mortars. "Specifications".

5.3. GOST 7473-2010 Concrete mixtures. Technical conditions.

5.4. Change N 1 GOST 28013-98 Building solutions. General technical conditions.

5.5. The need for tools, equipment and fixtures is shown in Table 1.

Table 1

Necessary equipment and tools

N
p / p

Equipment for preparation and supply of solutions

Unit meas., pcs.

Quantity

Mortar pump (pneumatic blower)

PC.

Floor screed trowel

PC.

Seam cutting machine (seam cutter)

PC.

Industrial vacuum cleaner

PC.

Rail-rule length 3 m

PC.

Control rail

PC.

Construction level

PC.

Laser level

PC.

Base scraper

PC.

LP type shovel

PC.

Tank for industrial water

PC.

Bucket

PC.

6. SAFETY AND LABOR PROTECTION

6.1. Before starting work on the installation of screeds, the person responsible for the production is obliged to ensure that the workers are briefed and the necessary overalls and personal protective equipment are issued. When performing work, it is necessary to comply with the safety rules set out in SNiP 12-03-2001 Labor safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements and SNiP 12-04-2002 Labor safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production.

6.2. Pay particular attention to the following:

Persons at least 18 years of age who have passed a medical examination, have a certain qualification, know the device and design features of the equipment, have a certificate for the right to service them, are allowed to service installations and mechanisms;

According to the "Rules for the technical operation of electrical installations of consumers", the installations must have their own grounding center.

6.3. Before starting work, the driver must:

Carry out an external inspection of the installation;

Check the serviceability of electrical wiring and grounding;

Check the alarm system to the workplaces.

6.4. During work, the driver must:

Start and stop the solution supply only on a signal from the workplace;

Serve the solution only after thorough mixing.

6.5. Persons who have undergone special training and have a certificate for the right to operate are allowed to operate and maintain the equipment. Pressure gauges and safety valves must be sealed. The maintenance of the trowel must be entrusted to a worker who is familiar with the operating instructions. The electrical connection of the machine must be done by an electrician.

7. TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS

FER 81-02-11-2001 State estimate standards. Federal unit rates for construction and special construction work. Part 11. Floors (as amended by orders of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated January 30, 2014 N 31 / pr, dated October 17, 2014 N 634 / pr, dated November 12, 2014 N 703 / pr).

BIBLIOGRAPHY

SP 29.13330.2011 Floors. Updated edition of SNiP 2.03.13-88.

Floors. The set of rules (in the development of SNiP 2.03.13-88 "Floors" and SNiP 3.04.01-87 "Insulation and finishing coatings").

GOST 8736-93 Sand for construction work. Specifications (as amended).

GOST 25328-82 Cement for mortars. Technical conditions.

GOST 7473-2010 Concrete mixtures. Technical conditions.

Change N 1 GOST 28013-98 Building solutions. General technical conditions.

SNiP 12-03-2001 Labor safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements.

SNiP 12-04-2002 Labor safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production.

SP 48.13330.2011 Organization of construction. Updated edition of SNiP 12-01-2004.

SP 50.13330.2012 Thermal protection of buildings. Updated edition of SNiP 23-02-2003.

GOST 12.1.044-89 SSBT. Fire and explosion hazard of substances and materials. Nomenclature of indicators and methods for their determination.

GOST 12.2.003-91 SSBT. Manufacturing equipment. General safety requirements.

GOST R 12.1.019-2009 SSBT. Electrical safety. General requirements and nomenclature of types of protection.

GOST 12.1.003-83 SSBT. Noise. General safety requirements.

GOST 12.1.004-91 SSBT. Fire safety. General requirements.

GOST 12.1.005-88 SSBT. General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air in the working area.

GOST 12.4.011-89 SSBT. Protective equipment for workers. General requirements and classification.

GOST 12.2.013.0-91 SSBT. Hand-held electric machines. General safety requirements and test methods.

Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 25, 2012 N 390 On fire safety.

ST SRO OSMO-2-001-2010 Self-regulation standard. Electrical safety. General requirements at production facilities of organizations performing work that affect the safety of capital construction facilities.

ORDER OF LENIN GLAVMOSSTROY AT THE MOSGORISPOLKOM

MOSORGSTROY

TYPICAL TECHNOL OGIC MAP
ON THE DEVICE OF CEMENT-SAND
AND POLYMERCEMENT SCREWS

Moscow - 1982

A typical technological map was developed by the design department of the finishing work technology of the Mosorgstroy trust (L.K. Nemtsyn, A.N.Strigina) and agreed with the Department of finishing works of Glavmosstroy (I.G. Kozin).

1 AREA OF USE

1.1. The technological map is developed for the device of cement-sand and polymer-cement screeds, designed to level the surfaces of the underlying floor element or to give the floor a given slope.

For monolithic cement-sand screeds intended for floors made of parquet and polymeric materials, a solution of a grade of at least 150 is used.

Polymer cement mortar is an ordinary cement-sand mortar, which contains a polyvinyl acetate dispersion (PVAD).

The screeds take all the operational loads on the floors.

The material, thickness and strength of the screeds are assigned by the project, depending on the type of floor covering, the structure of the floors and the purpose of the premises.

This map provides for the thickness of the cement-sand screed 40 mm; polymer-cement - 15 mm.

2. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF THE CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

2.1. Work on the installation of screeds should be carried out after the completion of construction and installation work, during the production of which the screeds can be damaged.

2.2. The device of screeds is allowed at an air temperature at floor level and a temperature of the underlying layer not lower than 5° C, this temperature must be maintained until the screed acquires at least 50% of the design strength.

2.3. When installing cement-sand screeds, the following technological operations are performed:

taking out marks of a clean floor;

installation of lighthouse rails;

leveling the solution with a rule moved along the beacons;

grouting the surface.

2.4. When installing polymer-cement screeds, the following technological processes are performed:

cleaning the surface of the underlying layer;

taking out marks of a clean floor;

priming the base with a 5% polyvinyl acetate dispersion of the composition 1: 9 (dispersion: water);

installation of lighthouse rails;

supplying the solution to the place of laying;

leveling the mortar, by the rule, moving along the beacons;

wetting the screed with the 5th polyvinyl acetate dispersion;

removal of beacons and sealing of grooves;

grouting the surface.

2.5. Cement-sand mortar is taken into the installation for receiving and transporting hard solutions UPTZhR-2.5.

The mortar is laid as follows: the mortar is fed from the installation to the place of laying through the mortar lines. A damper is attached to the end of the solution line, which is gradually moved by two workers.

The solution, having passed through the absorber, is smoothly placed on the base without impacts.

2.6. The place for the installation of UPTZhR-2.5 and KUSHR-2.7, the compressor must be indicated in the project for the production of works. The site where the units are located should be planned.

2.7. Concrete surfaces are thoroughly cleaned of debris and foreign layers. If there is cement milk on the base, it is thoroughly cleaned with metal brushes or scrapers (Fig.).

Rice. 1. Cleaning the base

2.8. The polymer-cement mortar is prepared as follows: the commercial cement-sand mortar is taken into the receiving hopper of the KUSHR-2.7 complex plastering unit. Then a 10% polyvinyl acetate dispersion in the required amount (for 1 m 3 of solution - 250 liters of PVA dispersion) is poured into the bunker. After thorough mixing, the polymer-cement mortar is fed through hoses to the place of installation and then applied to the base through a nozzle (Fig.).

Rice. 2. Priming the base

2.9. When installing screeds on a concrete base, the surface of the underlying layer should be moist, but without water accumulation.

The gaps between the prefabricated floor tiles, their abutments to the walls, as well as the mounting holes must be sealed with cement-sand mortar of grade not lower than 100, flush with the surface of the plates.

2.10. The level of the finished floor is carried out by surveyors using a level or water level. In this case, it is taken into account that the level of the finished floor must be the same in all rooms of the apartment or part of the floor located between adjacent stairwells.

2.11. The primer is applied to the cleaned base in a uniform layer using the SO-21A installation (Fig.). The primer composition for priming the base and wetting the screed after applying the solution is prepared at the work site by mixing one part of a 50% PVA dispersion and 4 parts of water.

2.12. The solution is laid along the beacons installed on the verified underlying surface, according to the marks.

For lighthouses, steel pipes with a diameter of 12.5 mm are used when installing polymer-cement screeds and with a diameter. 31 mm when installing cement-sand screeds. They are installed on mortar stamps parallel to the long side of the wall. The first lighthouse is installed, retreating from the wall by 50 - 60 cm, the rest are placed parallel to the first after 2 - 2.5 m (Fig.).

Rice. 3. Installation of beacons

2.13. The solution is laid in strips bounded by two adjacent beacons. The solution is laid in strips after one. Laying starts from the wall opposite the entrance doors and proceeds in the direction of the door. The surface of the laid layer of mortar should be 2 - 3 mm higher than the top of the beacons (Fig. I).

Rice. 4. Supply of mortar with a damper when installing cement-sand screeds

Rice. 5. Application of the solution with a nozzle when installing polymer-cement screeds

The laid mortar is leveled in the same plane with the beacons using a rule that is supported by two beacons (Fig.), And compacted with a vibrating screed. A day after laying the solution, the beacons are removed and the resulting grooves are filled with a solution, carefully rubbing it with a trowel. The resulting beads of solution are scraped off with scrapers.

Rice. 6. Leveling mortar

2.14. Freshly laid cement-sand screed is protected from moisture loss until the mortar acquires the required strength. To do this, one day after installation, it is covered with matting and moistened with water for 7 - 10 days at least once a day using the SO-21A installation.

2.15. When the screed reaches a strength of 25 - 30 kg / cm 2, the screed surface is smoothed and rubbed with a machine for grouting a SO-89 cement screed (Fig.).

Rice. 7. Grouting the screed

2.16. Acceptance of work on the installation of screeds is carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP III-B.14-72 “Floors. Rules for production and acceptance of works ":

cracks, gouges and open seams in screeds are not allowed. The deviation of the screed thickness from the design is allowed only in certain places and should not exceed 10% of the specified thickness;

the surface of the screeds should be at the level of the specified marks;

the surface of the screeds must be horizontal or have a predetermined slope. The horizontalness is checked with a control rod with a level;

the evenness of the screed surface is checked with a two-meter rail, which can be moved in all directions. The gaps between the screed and the rail should not exceed 2 mm;

the moisture content of the screeds when installing linoleum floors, PVC tiles, textile coverings, block parquet, parquet boards and boards should be no more than 5%.

2.17. Before starting work on the installation of screeds, the person responsible for their production is obliged to ensure that the workers are briefed and the necessary overalls and personal protective equipment are issued. When performing work, it is necessary to comply with the safety rules set out in SNiP III-4-80 "Safety in construction".

Pay particular attention to the following:

maintenance of installations and mechanisms is allowed to persons at least 18 years old who have passed a medical examination, have a certain qualification, who know the device and design features of the equipment, who have a certificate for the right to service them;

according to the "Rules for the technical operation of electrical installations of consumers", the installations must have their own grounding center.

Before starting work, the driver must:

make an external inspection of the installation, the state of the entrance to it;

check the serviceability of electrical wiring and grounding;

check the alarm system to workplaces.

During work, the driver must:

start and stop the solution supply only upon a signal from the workplace;

serve the solution only after thorough mixing.

The control and maintenance of the DK-9M compressor is allowed to persons who have undergone special training and have a certificate for the right to operate the compressors. Pressure gauges and safety valves must be sealed. Maintenance of the SO-89 trowel should be entrusted to a worker who is familiar with the operating instructions. The electrical connection of the machine must be done by an electrician.

2.18. Works on the installation of cement screeds are performed by a team of 6 people. The composition of the brigade is as follows:

- "- 4 -" - - 2 (B-2, B-3)

- "- 3 -" - - 2 (B-4, B-5)

- "- 2 -" - - 1 (B-6)

A 5th grade concrete worker installs beacons, applies mortar to the base using an extinguisher; evens out the laid mortar with a rail-rule; compresses the solution with a vibrating screed; rubs the surface of the screed with a trowel, controls the quality of the laid screed.

Concrete workers of the 3rd - 4th grade clean the surface, fill up the holes with mortar, install beacons, moisten the base, level the mortar over the beacons, rub the screed surface with a trowel.

The 2nd grade concrete worker cleans the surface, seals the potholes with mortar, moves the hoses and the damper during the application of the mortar. The UPTZhR unit is serviced by a driver who is not part of the concrete workers' brigade.

2.19. Work on the device of the polymer-cement screed is carried out by a team of concrete workers of 6 people.

The composition of the brigade is as follows:

concrete worker of the 5th grade (foreman) - 1 (B-1)

- "- 4 -" - - 2 (B-2, B-3)

- "- 3 -" - - 2 (B-4, B-5)

- "- 2 -" - - 1 (B-6)

A 5th grade concrete worker installs beacons, applies mortar to the base using a nozzle, levels the laid mortar with a rule-rail, rubbing the surface of the screed, and controls the quality of the laid screed.

Concrete workers of the 4th grade install beacons, prime the base, level the laid mortar with a rule-rail, rub the surface of the screed.

Grade 3 concrete workers prepare a polymer-cement mortar and a priming compound.

The 2nd grade concrete worker cleans the surface of the base, takes part in the installation of beacons, moves the hoses in the process of applying the mortar.

2.20. The work schedule of the concrete workers link is given in the appendix.

2.21. Workplace organization diagrams are shown in Fig. ,.

Rice. 8. Scheme of the organization of the workplace

B 1 and B 2 - concrete workers

Rice. 9. Scheme of the organization of the workplace

B 1 and B 2 - concrete workers

1 - rake rule

2 - screed grouting machine

3. TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS

BUT. Device your cement-sand screed

Production per person-day, m 2 - 60.8

Labor costs per 100 m 2, man-h - 13.3

including on:

foundation preparation - 4.7 (UNiR 2-46 No. 1)

screed device - 4.6 (UNiR 2-46 No. 2)

screed grout - 4.0 (TsNIB "Mosstroy")

B. Floor device and cement screed

Production per person-day, m 2 - 48.2

Labor costs per 100 m 2, man-hours - 16.59

including on:

foundation preparation - 7.79

screed device - 4.8 (TsNIB "Mosstroy")

screed grout - 4.0

4. MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES

4.1. Sand (GOST 8736-77, 10268-80) used for mortar when installing screeds should have a particle size of no more than 5 mm and not contain clay particles of more than 3% by weight.

Portland cement must have a grade of at least 400. The fluidity of the solution is determined by the standard cone - GOST 5802-78.

Plasticized polyvinyl acetate dispersion of PVAD should be of 50% consistency.

Material consumption per 100 m2 of floor surface:

plasticized polyvinyl acetate dispersion 5%, kg (when priming the base) - 4

cement-sand mortar, m - 4.2

polymer cement mortar, kg - 1552

4.2. The need for tools, equipment and fixtures is shown in Table 1.

Name	unit of measurement	Quantity	Normative document, organization - calc holder
Installation for transportation of rigid solutions UPTZhR-2.5
Compressor DK-9			Manufactured by industry
Complex installation for plastering works KUSHR-2.7			Experimental repair and mechanical plant of the Mosremstroymash association Glavmosmontazhspetsstroy
Screed grout machine SO-89
Installation SO-21A (for priming the base)			Vilnius Construction Finishing Machinery Plant
Vibrating screed SO-47			Odessa plant of construction and finishing machines
Compressor СО-7А			Vilnius Construction Finishing Machinery Plant
Base scraper			heck. 1233 Mosorgstroy HMS
Rake-rule 3 m long (for leveling mortar)			heck. TE-275 Orgstroy of the Ministry of Construction of the Estonian SSR
Wooden grater			heck. 1154 Mosorgstroy HMS
Control rail 2 m long			heck. TE-276 Orgstroy of the Ministry of Construction of the Estonian SSR
LP-type shovel (for filling grooves with solution)			GOST 9523-81
Mortar box			heck. 69.00.00 UMOR HMS
Construction level			GOST 9416-67

1 AREA OF USE

1.1. The technological map is developed for the device of cement-sand and polymer-cement screeds, designed to level the surfaces of the underlying floor element or to give the floor a given slope.

For monolithic cement-sand screeds intended for floors made of parquet and polymeric materials, a solution of a grade of at least 150 is used.

Polymer cement mortar is a conventional cement-sand mortar, which contains polyvinyl acetate dispersion (PVAD).

The screeds take all the operational loads on the floors.

The material, thickness and strength of the screeds are assigned by the project, depending on the type of floor covering, the structure of the floors and the purpose of the premises.

This map provides for the thickness of the cement-sand screed 40 mm; polymer-cement - 15 mm.

2. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF THE CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

2.1. Work on the installation of screeds should be carried out after the completion of construction and installation work, during the production of which the screeds can be damaged.

2.2. The device of screeds is allowed at an air temperature at floor level and a temperature of the underlying layer not lower than 5 ° C, this temperature must be maintained until the screed acquires a strength of at least 50% of the design.

2.3. When installing cement-sand screeds, the following technological operations are performed:

grouting the surface.

2.4. When installing polymer-cement screeds, the following technological processes are performed:

cleaning the surface of the underlying layer;

taking out marks of a clean floor;

removal of beacons and sealing of grooves;

grouting the surface.

2.5. Cement-sand mortar is taken into the installation for receiving and transporting hard solutions UPTZhR-2.5.

The solution, having passed through the absorber, is smoothly placed on the base without impacts.

2.6. The place for the installation of UPTZhR-2.5 and KUSHR-2.7, the compressor must be indicated in the project of the work. The site on which the units are located should be planned.

2.7. Concrete surfaces are thoroughly cleaned of debris and foreign layers. If there is cement laitance on the base, it is thoroughly cleaned with metal brushes or scrapers (Fig. 1).

Rice. 1. Cleaning the base

2.8. The polymer-cement mortar is prepared as follows: the commercial cement-sand mortar is taken into the receiving hopper of the KUSHR-2.7 complex plastering unit. Then a 10% polyvinyl acetate dispersion is poured into the bunker in the required amount (for 1 m 3 of the solution - 250 liters of PVA dispersion). After thorough mixing, the polymer-cement mortar is fed through hoses to the place of installation and then applied to the base through a nozzle (Fig. 2).

Rice. 2. Priming the base

2.9. When installing screeds on a concrete base, the surface of the underlying layer should be moist, but without water accumulation.

2.11. The primer is applied to the cleaned base in a uniform layer using the SO-21A installation (Fig. 2). The primer composition for priming the base and wetting the screed after applying the solution is prepared at the work site by mixing one part of a 50% PVA dispersion and 4 parts of water.

2.12. The solution is laid along the beacons installed on the verified underlying surface, according to the marks.

Rice. 3. Installation of beacons

Rice. 4. Supply of mortar with a damper when installing cement-sand screeds

Rice. 5. Application of the solution with a nozzle when installing polymer-cement screeds

The laid solution is leveled in the same plane with the beacons using a rule that is supported by two beacons (Fig. 6), and compacted with a vibrating screed. A day after laying the solution, the beacons are removed and the resulting grooves are filled with a solution, carefully rubbing it with a trowel. The resulting beads of solution are scraped off with scrapers.

Rice. 6. Leveling mortar

2.15. When the screed reaches a strength of 25 - 30 kg / cm 2, the screed surface is smoothed and trowelled with a CO-89 cement screed grouting machine (Fig. 7).

Rice. 7. Grouting the screed

2.16. Acceptance of work on the installation of screeds is carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP III-B.14-72 “Floors. Rules for production and acceptance of works ":

cracks, gouges and open seams in screeds are not allowed. The deviation of the screed thickness from the design is allowed only in certain places and should not exceed 10% of the specified thickness;

the surface of the screeds should be at the level of the specified marks;

the surface of the screeds must be horizontal or have a predetermined slope. The horizontalness is checked with a control rod with a level;

the evenness of the screed surface is checked with a two-meter rail, which can be moved in all directions. The gaps between the screed and the rail should not exceed 2 mm;

the moisture content of the screeds when installing linoleum floors, PVC tiles, textile coverings, block parquet, parquet boards and boards should be no more than 5%.

Pay particular attention to the following:

according to the "Rules for the technical operation of electrical installations of consumers", the installations must have their own grounding center.

Before starting work, the driver must:

make an external inspection of the installation, the state of the entrance to it;

check the serviceability of electrical wiring and grounding;

check the alarm system to workplaces.

During work, the driver must:

start and stop the solution supply only upon a signal from the workplace;

serve the solution only after thorough mixing.

2.18. The work on the installation of cement screeds is performed by a team of 6 people. The composition of the brigade is as follows:

- "- 4 -" - - 2 (B-2, B-3)

- "- 3 -" - - 2 (B-4, B-5)

- "- 2 -" - - 1 (B-6)

Concrete workers of the 3rd - 4th grade clean the surface, fill up the holes with mortar, install beacons, moisten the base, level the mortar over the beacons, rub the surface of the screed with a trowel.

2.19. Work on the device of the polymer-cement screed is carried out by a team of concrete workers of 6 people.

The composition of the brigade is as follows:

concrete worker of the 5th grade (foreman) - 1 (B-1)

- "- 4 -" - - 2 (B-2, B-3)

- "- 3 -" - - 2 (B-4, B-5)

- "- 2 -" - - 1 (B-6)

Concrete workers of the 4th grade install beacons, prime the base, level the laid mortar with a rule-rail, rub the surface of the screed.

Grade 3 concrete workers prepare a polymer-cement mortar and a priming compound.

The 2nd grade concrete worker cleans the surface of the base, takes part in the installation of beacons, moves the hoses in the process of applying the mortar.

2.20. The schedule of the work process of the concrete workers link is given in the appendix.

2.21. Workplace organization diagrams are shown in Fig. 8, 9.

Rice. 8. Scheme of the organization of the workplace

B 1 and B 2 - concrete workers

Rice. 9. Scheme of the organization of the workplace

B 1 and B 2 - concrete workers

1 - rake rule

2 - screed grouting machine

3. TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS

BUT. Cement-sand screed device

Production per person-day, m 2 - 60.8

Labor costs per 100 m 2, man-h - 13.3

including on:

foundation preparation - 4.7 (UNiR 2-46 No. 1)

screed device - 4.6 (UNiR 2-46 No. 2)

screed grout - 4.0 (TsNIB "Mosstroy")

B. Polymer cement screed device

Production per person-day, m 2 - 48.2

Labor costs per 100 m 2, man-hours - 16.59

including on:

foundation preparation - 7.79

screed device - 4.8 (TsNIB "Mosstroy")

screed grout - 4.0

4. MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES

4.1. Sand (GOST 8736-77, 10268-80), used for mortar when installing screeds, must have a particle size of no more than 5 mm and not contain clay particles of more than 3% by weight.

Portland cement must have a grade of at least 400. The fluidity of the solution is determined by the standard cone - GOST 5802-78.

Plasticized polyvinyl acetate dispersion of PVAD should be of 50% consistency.

Material consumption per 100 m2 of floor surface:

plasticized polyvinyl acetate dispersion 5%, kg (when priming the base) - 4

cement-sand mortar, m - 4.2

polymer cement mortar, kg - 1552

4.2. The need for tools, equipment and fixtures is shown in Table 1.

Name	unit of measurement	Quantity	Normative document, organization - calc holder
Installation for transportation of rigid solutions UPTZhR-2.5
Compressor DK-9			Manufactured by industry
Complex installation for plastering works KUSHR-2.7			Experimental repair and mechanical plant of the Mosremstroymash association Glavmosmontazhspetsstroy
Screed grout machine SO-89
Installation SO-21A (for priming the base)
Vibrating screed SO-47			Odessa plant of construction and finishing machines
Compressor СО-7А			Vilnius Construction Finishing Machinery Plant
Base scraper			heck. 1233 Mosorgstroy HMS
Rake-rule 3 m long (for leveling mortar)			heck. TE-275 Orgstroy of the Ministry of Construction of the Estonian SSR
Wooden grater			heck. 1154 Mosorgstroy HMS
Control rail 2 m long			heck. TE-276 Orgstroy of the Ministry of Construction of the Estonian SSR
LP-type shovel (for filling grooves with solution)

This article describes the stages of a semi-dry floor screed device in a mechanized way using specialized equipment that is designed to mix the mortar and supply it to the construction site. The technological map for the device of a semi-dry screed includes several stages: preparation of the base, mixing the mortar, screed device and maintenance.

Screed thickness marking

The first thing that is done when installing a semi-dry screed is to measure the thickness of the future screed, for this a laser or water level is used. With the help of a level, the height of the screed and the future clean floor is applied to the wall. This distance is calculated based on the volume of the screed and the materials used.

The level of the screed is noted for several reasons, one of which is the maximum possible floor height, that is, the height that some elements in the room allow, for example, door sills. In addition, its weight depends on the thickness of the screed, and for some premises this is important, since the load-bearing structures of buildings have a load limit. The semi-dry screed is the heaviest of all, the weight of a centimeter screed is 18-20 kilograms per square meter. For example, light types of screeds weigh 14-18 kilograms per square meter, and centimeter-level self-leveling floors weigh 12-16 kilograms per square meter.

Preparation of the base

Screed problems arise, as a rule, due to a poorly prepared base. After the cement-sand mixture begins to dry, the entire floor screed, in the process of moisture evaporation, begins to decrease in volume and shrink, but at the same time it firmly adheres to the walls. This should happen with the base of the floor, but, in some cases, the screed begins to come off the floor and because of this, voids are formed between them. In addition, the screed can pull on itself and the fragile top layer of the base, leading to the same consequences. To avoid the appearance of voids between the floor and the cement-sand screed, it is necessary to properly prepare the base of the floor.

The preparation of the base for a semi-dry screed begins with the removal of debris and the removal of all fittings sticking out of the ceiling, the rods of which are bent with a heavy hammer (it is not at all necessary to cut them at the root, the screed will hide everything). All areas lagging behind the overlap are removed using a punch. To make the semi-dry screed more firmly adhered to the base of the floor, the overlap is processed with a grinder. If you decide to make a semi-dry screed on your own, and you do not have special equipment, then on the base of the floor you can hollow out notches with an ax, which will remove all the elements lagging behind the overlap and help the solution to fix better. But, the device of a semi-dry screed is an important part of construction and repair work, therefore, to create it, it is better to contact a specialized company, such as Express screed. During the installation work, our company uses only the latest equipment from Germany, which allows us to carry out all the work with high quality and in just one day.

After the entire surface of the floor has been tapped with a hammer, processed with a grinder and the lagging parts have been removed, all large recesses are closed. For this, the same cement-sand mortar is used, which is involved in the screed device, sometimes inexpensive tile adhesive is used. If there is a need to create a waterproofing floor, then it is better to use tile adhesive, since it has a waterproof property. But, before all the potholes on the floor are repaired, they are treated with a primer or cement laitance, if the filling is done with a cement-sand mortar. If the holes will be filled with tile adhesive, then a special glue primer is used for processing.

If there are differences in height on the basis of the floor, they are not leveled, this is a waste of time and effort, and the screed will hide all the shortcomings. As for the potholes and pits, their sealing occurs quickly and without much effort, the main thing is that during the laying of the screed, the solution does not fall into them. The gaps between the floor slabs and the walls are closed, even if they are not visible. These places are still rubbed with mortar, since the targets may simply not be noticed, and the water from the screed will seep into a small crack. After all work, the base is cleaned of debris and dust.

Base primer

The screed primer is used with the mark “for concrete substrates” or “for absorbent surfaces”. For the device of a cement-sand screed, factory primers from any manufacturer are used. The primer on concrete floors is applied with brushes; a roller, as a rule, is not used, as it can skip irregularities. When using those primers that allow drying, two layers are applied, if the manufacturer recommends applying the screed only on a wet primer, then it is applied immediately before the screed device.

Installation of beacons

The next stage in the device of a semi-dry screed is the installation of beacons. This part of the whole process can be safely called the most painstaking and, at the same time, the most responsible, the evenness of the entire screed will subsequently depend on the installation of beacons. For the device of a semi-dry screed, an aluminum rule is used, since the quality of the material and equipment is a significant part of the success of the entire event. The company "Expressstyazhka" uses only modern equipment and high-quality materials that allow you to make a perfectly flat floor without cracks and unevenness.

For the device of a semi-dry screed, as a rule, several rules are used, a long two-meter and a short meter, especially if the work is done in an apartment. A long rule for large rooms, and a short rule for corridors and other small rooms. If one rule is used, then its length is usually the same as the width of the room. For the device of a semi-dry screed, a wooden rule is no longer used, since it does not provide the same quality as an aluminum one.

Semi-dry screed beacons are mounted in one of three ways:

Shtyrev.
Mortar.
On metal guides.

Installing the damper connection

A damper connection is installed around the perimeter of the room. Its installation begins with laying a waterproofing layer, in such a way that one side of the canvas goes onto the walls just above the level of the future screed, and the other remains on the base of the floor. For these purposes, a two-millimeter polyethylene film, roofing felt, waterproofing or other waterproofing material is used, it is cut into strips, 30-40 centimeters wide. The damper connection is like a trough under a cement-sand mortar. A tape of waterproofing material is attached to the wall with liquid nails every 20-50 centimeters so that it does not come off.

On this "trough" a roll of insulation is glued, cut into strips, 8-15 centimeters wide, which is the damper connection of the screed and walls. A strip of insulation protects the screed from sticking to the wall, so it will not tear during the drying process. The damper connection protects the screed from temperature-damp expansion during operation.

Mixing the solution

To prepare a mortar of a semi-dry screed, the ratio of cement and sand is 3 to 1. For Turbosol M-250 equipment, a maximum of 250 kilograms and a minimum of 50 kilograms of mortar are mixed at a time (one standard bag of ready-made dry mix). A different ratio of cement to water (0.34-0.45) is added to each load, approximately 17-24 liters of water at a time.

All components of the solution (cement, water and sand) are mixed in the bunker of the machine in two steps:

About 75 kilograms of sand + a bag of cement (kilogram) + a ten-liter bucket of water are loaded.
Sand up to 100 kilograms is loaded into the working bunker and + 7-12 liters of water is added. The solution continues to mix for another 4-7 minutes.

Polypropylene fiber is added to the hopper at the rate of 700 grams per cubic meter of the finished solution. For a full load of the hopper, 120-150 grams of polypropylene fiber is added, the same amount is added for mixing a different volume. Fiber must be added in portions, for each bucket of water there is about 60-70 grams of material.

Semi-dry screed technology

The ready-made mortar for semi-dry screed is supplied to the construction site using a pneumatic transport unit of the Turbosol M-250 equipment. In this case, the filing process should not exceed five minutes. In exceptional cases, when the height of the screed device exceeds 80 meters, and the length of the solution supply hose exceeds 150 meters, the time for transporting the mixture increases to 7-10 minutes.

If the air temperature is below zero at the location of the equipment for preparing and supplying the solution, then a "hot house" is necessarily installed. At the same time, the equipment "Turbosol M-250", even after the installation of the "greenhouse", is intended for use only up to a mark of at least -10 degrees. If the temperature is below this threshold, screed work is usually postponed to a more appropriate time.

A semi-dry screed is laid only in a room with a positive air temperature and a temperature of the materials used not lower than +5 degrees. In the cold season, the room temperature is measured near windows and doors at a height of half a meter from the base.

A semi-dry screed should not come into contact with the enclosing structures in the room (walls, columns, etc.); for this, damper (soundproof) tapes are laid.

The device of a semi-dry screed is made immediately of the required thickness, since it serves as the basis for a clean floor.

The minimum thickness of a semi-dry screed must be at least 40 millimeters, in exceptional cases, the local minimum thickness may be 30 millimeters. The maximum thickness is limited only by the bearing capacity of the room, but creating a screed thicker than 60-70 millimeters is impractical, it is too heavy. If it is necessary to make a screed of this thickness, the semi-dry screed is replaced with lighter options.

After the prepared cement-sand mortar is delivered to the place of the semi-dry screed device, it is evenly distributed on the floor surface between the beacons and leveled with an aluminum rule, which rests on these beacons on both sides.

Grinding of the laid screed is carried out immediately after the end of the work, but no more than an hour after the solution was supplied. The grinding process is carried out by a sander with a leveling disc.

For large rooms (more than 45 square meters), a work performance map is prepared, which includes the sequence of pouring the solution into areas of 10-15 square meters. After the first section is leveled, the workers simultaneously proceed to grout it and level the second section. In this case, the processing of individual sections of the room is not carried out, and a 2-3 mm gap at the point of their abutment forms an expansion joint.

Expansion joints of the slab are used for those rooms in which the size of one section exceeds 6 meters. The expansion joints of the slab are made in one of two ways:

In the process of grinding the screed, expansion joints are made with a width of 5-7 millimeters. They are made in the following way: the places where adjacent areas adjoin to each other are cleared from the crumbling remains of the mixture with a trowel. After that, these joints are rubbed with a small amount of cement-sand mortar. This achieves the appearance of a perfectly flat and uniform surface.

Screed care

The finished screed is covered with plastic wrap, which ensures the normal reaction of cement and water. Over the next day, beacons and self-tapping screws are removed from the screed, the holes that appear are sealed and overwritten. The screed is sprayed from the spray bottle and covered with foil again. For the next three days, the screed is checked for cracks and, if necessary, sprayed with water again.

When carrying out high-quality work on the device of a semi-dry screed, there should not be any gaps in the solution and such a floor is suitable for laying any floor covering. The screed gains half of its strength in nine days, after 28 days from the date of installation it gains 90% strength and this indicator is branded strength, the remaining 10% of the semi-dry screed gains over the years.

The semi-dry screed is an excellent base for laying any floor covering. But, the main thing is that it should be fulfilled according to all technological requirements, only in this case we can talk about its durability. The Express screed company gives a three-year guarantee for its work, and in the process of installing a semi-dry screed, it uses only modern equipment and high-quality materials. The quality of your screed depends on the choice of the company, so trust only professionals.

High-quality and fast installation of a semi-dry floor screed
3 Years Warranty !! Check out the measurer for free !!
Order, daily from 9.00 to 20.00 by phone. 8-495-227-69-29
e-mail mail

TECHNOLOGICAL CARD FOR THE DEVICE OF CEMENT-SAND SCREEDING

an object: House

the address:

customer:

The technological map considers the issues of the device of cement-sand screeds in housing construction. The scope of application was recommended, the organization and technology of work production, labor protection and safety measures were developed.

1 AREA OF USE

1.1. The technological map applies to work in housing construction for the installation of cement-sand screeds.

1.2. The use in this TTK of methods of performance and organization of labor provides for compliance with the requirements of the rules and regulations regulated by SNiP 3.01.01-85 * "Organization of construction production"; SNiP 3.04.01-87 "Insulation and finishing coatings"; VSN 35-80 (NII Mosstroy) "Instructions for the installation of floors in residential and public buildings"; SNiP III-4-80 * Safety in construction ".

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1.3. The procurement of materials for the device of a cement-sand screed should be carried out in full for the entire scope of work.

1.4. The main form of labor organization, adopted when installing a screed, is specialized links, united in a brigade. The optimal number and qualification of the brigade is determined in each specific case, depending on the volume of work and the degree of their mechanization.

1.5. When designing and organizing work processes for the construction of a cement-sand screed, special attention should be paid to creating conditions that meet the requirements of regulatory documents and obtaining a high quality screed as one of the most important elements of the interior decoration of buildings.

1.6. Before starting work on the installation of a cement-sand screed at the facility, all general construction and special work must be completed, the performance of which may cause damage to the floor.

1.7. The base on which the construction of a cement-sand screed is arranged must meet the requirements of SNiP 2.03.13-88 "Floors" and SNiP 3.04.01-87 "Insulation and finishing coatings".

2. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK PERFORMANCE

2.1. Screed device

2.1.1. A screed is a floor element that is used as a leveling layer with an uneven floor surface, as a layer that creates a slope in floors arranged along the ceiling and as a hard layer overlapping non-rigid floor elements (heat and sound insulation layers).

2.1.1.1. The screed must be separated from the main structures by seams that differ from the usual ones and take all the screed deformations, both vertical and horizontal. Great attention should be paid to the arrangement of the seams in the process of laying the screed, since these seams can be any expansion seams or interlayers in the form of air gaps.

2.1.1.2. In accordance with SNiP 3.04.03-85, the seam is defined as the gap provided by the project or due to the tolerance between building structures or parts. Any seam is involved as a deformation of the structure as a whole, therefore, depending on its design and purpose, it can be open, closed or compacted.

2.1.1.3. There are 3 types of expansion joints in accordance with their functional purpose - dividing, expansion joints and abutment joints.

2.1.1.4. Separation seams are permanent structural seams at the joints of building structures. These are the seams in the places where the walls adjoin to the interfloor floors, between the floor structures. Such seams are filled with cement-sand mortar.

2.1.1.5. Expansion joints perform a function in addition to the expansion joints. When installing screeds, they usually divide the total area into sections up to 40 m in size. DIV_ADBLOCK75 ">

2.1.3. Taking into account the design features of monolithic screeds, carried out directly on the object, before their device, preparatory work must be performed, depending on the type of screed:

cleaning the bases and underlying layers from debris and dust;

laying of leveling coatings with a horizontal or inclined surface of concrete B20, rigidly connected to the base;

installation of a heat- and sound-insulating layer under a "floating" screed;

gluing along the perimeter of the walls in the places of the future screed soundproofing gaskets to create expansion joints.

2.1.3.1. The base is cleaned before the screed is applied, while debris and dust are removed with an industrial vacuum cleaner, the surface is blown with compressed air, grease stains are removed, the gaps between the prefabricated floor slabs are closed.

2.1.3.2. Leveling layers are performed if it is necessary to completely level the floor or create slopes, for this, cement-sand mortars and fine-grained concrete are used, intended for the installation of screeds.

2.1.3.3. The installation of a heat and sound insulation layer is carried out on an even clean base by laying foam or mineral, fiberglass on a synthetic basis plates with a density of 50-150 kg / m or fiberglass quilted plates, as well as mineral wool mats, stitched and impregnated with a synthetic binder with a density of 100-150 kg / м0 "style =" border-collapse: collapse ">

2.1.4.1. The mobility of the cement-sand mortar should correspond to the immersion depth of a standard cone of 4-5 cm, and fine-grained concrete should correspond to a draft of the cone of 2-4 cm.

The mobility of the mortar and fine-grained concrete can be increased by introducing into the solution a plasticizing additive S-3, modified with sulphite-yeast mash SDB.

2.1.4.2. When using commercial cement-sand mortars or fine-grained concrete, they are transported in mortar trucks, and at the facility they are reloaded into a bunker, from which, using mortar pumps (SO-126, SO-165, SO-157, etc.), are pumped to the place of laying in a screed along solution lines.

2.1.4.3. Under construction conditions with small volumes of work for the preparation of cement-sand mortars or fine-grained concretes, mobile concrete or mortar mixers SB-101, SB-23A, SB-46B, SB-116A, etc. are used. first latex with water, and after mixing them add dry components, mixing them for 8-10 minutes until a homogeneous mass is obtained.

2.1.4.4. The laid layer is compacted with vibrating screeds СО-131А, СО-132А, СО-163. In places inaccessible to vibrating rails, the mixture is compacted with light rammers.

2.1.4.5. Immediately after laying and compaction of the screed, check the evenness of its surface using a rule with a level. After setting the laid mortar or concrete to a state where it is possible to walk on the surface, leaving only insignificant imprints of traces, grout the surface of the coating with machines SO-89A, SO-135, SO-170, etc. and smoothing with metal floats. In places of working seams, the surface is trowelled until the joint becomes invisible.

2.1.4.6. A screed made of cement-sand mortars or fine-grained concrete must harden in humid conditions for at least 7-10 days.

2.1.4.9. After the screed has hardened in the places of its abutment to the walls, partitions and columns, expansion joints are sealed.

2.2.1. Concrete laying.

Divide the screed surface into strips about 1 m wide using strips 1.5 to 2 m long and 50 mm wide. The top surface of the battens should be flush. Place the concrete starting at the farthest corner and leveling it with a shovel so that it is just above the level of the wooden battens.

2.2.2. Leveling of concrete.

Level the concrete with a rule-rail with a section of 100 by 60 mm and a length of about 1.2 m, moving it along the demarcation rails and towards yourself. When carrying out construction work, continue placing and leveling concrete in the specified way, removing the slats between the strips and filling the gaps formed after removing the slats with concrete. After laying each strip, cover it with damp bags or plastic wrap and leave to cure and harden for about 4 weeks. During this time, constantly moisten the concrete surface with water.

3. REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORKS

3.1. The front surface of the installed industrial screed must be flat, horizontal or have a slope in accordance with the project, but not more than 2%. The evenness of the screed is checked with a 2-meter rail.

3.2. The mobility of the cement-sand mortar should correspond to the immersion depth of a standard cone of 4-5 cm, and fine-grained concrete should correspond to a draft of the cone of 2-4 cm.

3.3. The air temperature at the floor level, the temperature of the underlying layer and the materials to be laid must be at least 15 ° С, but also not higher than 30 ° С. The temperature difference between the mastic coating and the screed, as well as the ambient air, should not exceed 5 ° C. In order to avoid the appearance of wrinkles on the surface of the coating until the end of its setting, it is necessary to protect it from drafts and direct sunlight.

3.4. Continuous coatings are arranged on a carefully prepared screed surface made of cement-sand mortar or concrete of a class not lower than B15 (M200). The surface of the screed should be free of cavities, cracks, oil stains, and its moisture content should not exceed 3%.

3.5. The evenness of the screed is checked with a 2-meter rail, the gap between the screed surface and the rail should not exceed 2 mm.

4. HEALTH AND SAFETY

4.1.1. All newly hired workers must undergo an introductory safety briefing, on-the-job briefing when working with specific mechanisms, tools and materials.

4.1.2. Instruction at the workplace is carried out by a foreman or foreman with registration in the journal of production instruction.

4.1.3. When conducting a safety briefing when working with electrical equipment and power tools, workers must learn the basic principles of the operation of an electric tool, pass a test in practical methods of work (connecting wires, grounding electrical equipment, turning on and off mechanisms) and the rules for providing first aid to victims of electric shock.

4.2.1. During work in the premises, unfilled and non-glazed openings must be closed.

4.2.2. Workplaces, walkways and driveways must be well lit, ensure the free movement of people and equipment. They should not be cluttered with machines, materials, especially boards and shields with protruding nails.

4.2.3. Work on the preparation of mortars, concretes and mastic compositions should be carried out using personal protective equipment (respirators, rubber gloves, aprons, etc.).

4.2.4. Workers performing work on the device of a cement-sand screed must be provided with overalls (overalls, knee pads, mittens, rubber shoes and gloves).

4.3.1. * Workplaces for the installation of a cement-sand screed must be organized so that there is complete safety of work.

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* Numbering corresponds to the original. - Note from the manufacturer of the database.

4.3.2. When working with mortar mixers, mortar pumps, grinders and electrified tools, workers must strictly observe safety rules. Allowed to work are workers who have undergone safety training.

4.3.3. All electrified machines, mechanisms and tools must be in good condition, have securely fixed wooden handles, wires must not have kinks and must not intersect with other wires.

4.3.4. Cleaning, lubrication and repair of machines, mechanisms and tools is carried out only after they are stopped and disconnected from the network, excluding accidental voltage supply (plates, signals, posters).

4.3.5. When working with a large amount of dust (preparation of solutions, sanding surfaces), it is necessary to use respirators and goggles. When working with machines with flexible shafts with abrasive wheels, it is necessary to use protective shields, and to reduce dust formation, wet grinding.

4.3.6. In rooms where polymer materials are stored, smoking and work involving the use of fire or causing sparks must not be performed.

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