Water treatment for private houses. Ready solutions

The chemical composition of water depends on the area and from which source it is obtained. Sometimes it is so diverse that it is not worth using this liquid, which certainly cannot claim to be called "drinkable", since in some cases it can even be dangerous. Therefore, after it is decided to start organizing an autonomous water supply system and the source is determined, the water should be sent for chemical and bacteriological examination, which can be performed in sanitary organizations or specialized laboratories, and equipment suppliers can also offer such a service. Based on the data obtained, recommendations will be given on the type and type of purification plants, in order to obtain water of acceptable quality and sanitary standards, suitable for drinking, cooking, and also for household needs: washing dishes, bathing, washing, etc. .d.

In this case, the use of one type of cleaning devices is ineffective, since it will allow you to get rid of one or three elements or will only carry out surface cleaning of insoluble impurities. It is impossible to determine the composition of water by taste and color, although certain information can be obtained. And after a detailed analysis, experts will be able to calculate what kind of water treatment system you need to buy for your home. The most common in water is an excess of iron, soluble calcium and magnesium salts, which is the cause of its hardness, as well as manganese and hydrogen sulfide, which gives a characteristic unpleasant odor. In some cases, due to human activities, increased values of the content of pesticides, salts of heavy elements, pathogens, etc. can be determined. In addition, water intended for household use may contain insoluble impurities, such as sand, clay, and others. Even the use of a deep well is not a guarantee that the water meets all sanitary standards, not to mention from open sources used for these purposes.

But, obtaining a detailed water analysis at the initial stage also has an economic benefit, since it allows you to install just such a type of complex treatment system that is guaranteed to be able to cope with the task, but at the same time, funds will not be spent on installing additional filters and installations that are unnecessary in this situation. etc.

The main elements of integrated systems for water treatment

After the issue of providing water to a country house has been resolved and equipment has been purchased, you can proceed with the installation of a multi-stage cleaning system, which may include the following components and elements for:

primary mechanical cleaning from insoluble impurities, sand, clay and others;
iron removal - removal of metal particles of iron and manganese;
water softening - reducing its hardness by removing water-soluble ions of calcium and magnesium salts;
aeration - getting rid of gases that are soluble in water and give it a specific, often unpleasant, smell and taste;
disinfection - removal of various organic matter and microorganisms.

Thus, a full-fledged integrated station should consist of five different components using different methods for water purification:

filters for coarse cleaning of insoluble impurities;
water softening and iron removal systems;
various types of disinfectants.

Depending on the configuration and choice of equipment, the installation of one filter can perform several tasks, for example, there are often offers on the market for using the installation for both softening and iron removal. There may be other combinations that are quite attractive to the consumer.

When choosing equipment, it is important to pay attention to the features of its operation, and above all, to the requirements for its maintenance. Many filters used in complex cleaning systems have the ability to regenerate, but subject to the use of special chemicals, such as tableted salt. Some elements should be subjected to washing in a forced or automatic manner.

But no matter how expensive the integrated treatment system seems to be in terms of price and maintenance, it can be considered a good investment, since as a result, the water received from the autonomous system has excellent performance in all parameters and criteria, and the payback of the installation itself will not have to wait long. According to experts, this happens after 1000 m 3 of water. After that, every liter of water is practically free, except for small expenses for the periodic purchase of reagents, salts for regeneration and after-sales service, which is better to trust professionals, and better specialists of the company where the equipment was purchased.

Users of our portal know that within the framework of the project with FORUMHOUSE, we have built a modern cottage in the Moscow region with our partners. During the construction of the house, materials and technologies were used that provide the maximum level of comfort. In particular, the specialists installed a water purification system, through which the residents of the cottage will receive drinking quality water. Therefore, within the framework of this article, in the format of a master class, with the help of an expert of the Geyser Group of Companies, we will answer the following questions:

How to choose a system for water treatment in the cottage.
How is water purified to drinking quality.
What equipment is used for this.

The nuances of choosing equipment for a country house water treatment system

The modern country house is equipped with the latest technology. It includes all engineering systems that ensure its life and comfort for residents. An important role among them is played by water supply, the task of which is not only to supply water for taking a bath, washing dishes, cooking and, especially, for drinking, but also to prepare it in a special way.

Alexander PimenovDeputy General Director of the Geyser Group of Companies for Science

Water is not just H 2 O. Water contains both useful and harmful impurities. Useful - these are mineral salts, which in too large quantities, on the contrary, do not bring benefits. When choosing the components of a water treatment system, first of all, the user should be concerned about harmful impurities, in other words, pollution.

To understand the essence, everything “harmful” can be divided into:

Mechanical impurities that are not dissolved in water. These are sand, silt, clay, suspensions, rust, etc.
Dissolved chemical compounds:

inorganic substances: excess hardness salts, compounds of iron, manganese, heavy metals, and radioactive substances can also be found in water;
organic compounds, including natural humic acids contained in the soil, as well as toxic, chlorine-containing substances, etc.

Biological pollution - bacteria and viruses.

Harmful substances can get into the soil, and from there into the water, for example, into a well or a shallow well, due to the discharge of industrial waste, vehicle exhaust gases. Often, plots for IZHS are allocated in places where agriculture was previously intensively carried out, and the entire “chemical cocktail” from fertilizers has long penetrated the soil.

Even if the water extracted from a well or from a well does not cause suspicion in taste, smell and color, this does not mean that it does not contain harmful chemical elements and substances.

Therefore, all water, both drinking and technical, used for washing, washing dishes, etc., must comply with sanitary rules and regulations. The quality of water in urban networks is regulated by the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01 (Hygienic requirements for water quality in centralized drinking water supply systems).

Citizens who are not satisfied with the quality of water supplied centrally by municipal services (Vodokanals) can install household filters in their apartment. Such filters will purify water from mechanical impurities, for example, rust (which got into the water due to old pipes), "chemistry", "organics", bacteria, etc.

A country dweller, in contrast to one living in the city and having the “first line of defense” in the form of the Vodokanal waterworks, is deprived of such an advantage. From here: the owner of a country house when purifying water should be guided by the rule "take care of yourself."

Alexander Pimenov

A country house is usually not connected to a centralized water treatment system, so you can’t get off with buying and installing a simple household filter. It will quickly become clogged if river or lake water with a large amount of sand, silt, aquatic animals, etc. is supplied to it. Well and borehole water can be destructive due to the abundance of inorganic substances and natural organic humic acids. Therefore, in front of the household filter, you need to install a special water purification system for cottages - an analogue of urban treatment facilities, but in an individual format.

The question arises: how to choose such equipment and install it? Need to start with detailed laboratory analysis (composition) of water.

This will allow you to find out which impurities and harmful substances are in the water, for which of them the permissible concentrations are exceeded, and then select the water treatment system that is best suited for a particular situation.

Ways to purify water in a cottage

When choosing a system and equipment for water treatment in a country house, one should adhere to the following algorithm: first, a laboratory analysis of water is carried out, then substances and compounds whose content exceeds the maximum allowable standards are identified, then a system for water treatment is selected and designed, then the equipment is installed at the facility, after - the operation of the equipment is checked and its commissioning is carried out.

In fact, each of the above points can have sub-points. First you need to understand what equipment, how and from what purifies water. For example, household filters do the following:

"Mechanics" is cleaned with mechanical filters.
"Chemistry" is cleaned by chemical and physico-chemical methods, namely: inorganics are cleaned mainly by ion exchange, organics - mainly by sorption.

"Biology" is cleaned with special techniques: active silver added to sorbents eliminates bacteria; only membranes (reverse osmosis, nanofiltration) and other high-tech methods, such as ultraviolet irradiation of water, will get rid of viruses.

Alexander Pimenov

The reverse osmosis membrane is versatile and takes over the work of all the methods described above. This method of purification is suitable for all types of water - soft, hard, super-hard, ferruginous.

In reverse osmosis, only water and oxygen molecules pass through the pores of the membrane. Although substances with a molecular size smaller than H 2 O also pass through them, they are usually few in number.

Important: when installing a reverse osmosis system, one of the key elements of the system is the mineralizer. It contains natural components that restore the mineral composition of the water that has passed through the reverse osmosis membrane.

The principle of operation of the water treatment system of a country house

Consider the following example of choosing equipment and components for water treatment for a cottage.

Suppose, according to the results of the analysis, it turned out that the water needs to be purified from hydrogen sulfide, ferrous iron (iron dissolved in water) and manganese.

To do this, you can mount an integrated system with aeration, which prepares water suitable for use in the bathroom when taking a shower, toilet, washing dishes and other household needs. A diagram of such a system is shown in the figure below.

Mechanical disc filter - so-called. "sump". With its help, there is a preliminary purification of water entering the house from a water supply source, from mechanical impurities (sand, silt) with a size of 100 microns.

Aeration column for saturating water with atmospheric oxygen for the purpose of subsequent oxidation and removal of inorganic pollutants: compounds of iron, manganese and gases dissolved in water, mainly hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. The subsequent oxidation and removal of contaminants takes place in a column located between the apparatuses pos. 2 and 3 in the picture. The filter material loaded into the column combines two functions: acceleration of the oxidation reaction (it is a catalyst for the process) and precipitation of the oxidation products, i.e. physically removing them from the water.

Softener for removing inorganic pollutants - excess hardness salts (calcium and magnesium salts) with a blue tank, where a sodium chloride solution is prepared to regenerate the filter material.

The operation mode of the column can be controlled automatically or manually.

Filter with mechanical cleaning cartridge. This filter is necessary in order to retain undissolved impurities “at the finish”, as well as to prevent the load from being carried out of the system into the pipeline supplying water to the consumer.

After the mechanical cleaning cartridge, you can install an ultraviolet lamp for disinfection (disinfection) of water, during which fungi, viruses, bacteria and algae die.

Important: to purify "difficult" water with a large number of harmful elements, it is not necessary to install a separate column with its own type of loading to remove each substance. In order not to mount an overly complex system consisting of several columns and taking up too much space in the technical room of the cottage, you can use multi-component loading. Such a universal load is capable of purifying water from dissolved iron, manganese, hardness salts, heavy metal ions, etc.

filtration - at this stage, water is purified;
regeneration - at this stage, the filtering properties of the load are restored, which ensures a long service life of the system.

Further, after cleaning and preparation of the so-called. technical water, it is further purified to the state of high quality drinking water using a special system based on a reverse osmosis membrane.

Output: the meaning of high-quality water purification lies in a multi-stage and integrated approach, when for each type of pollution its own system, type of equipment and type of loading are selected. The best way to deal with this professional companies with extensive experience.

For a comfortable life, we need to have access to services that have long been considered basic and basic in our country. One of them is water. The issue of water supply is especially acute in private homes. As a rule, there the source of water is either a well or an artesian well. In them, the water is not at all as clean as we mistakenly believe. Such water is often polluted with silt and sand.

But if the pollution is such, it's nothing. Worse, when the source of water pollution will be bacteria, toxic substances and pesticides that penetrate from the ground into the water. It is logical that the composition of such water will be extremely far from sanitary standards. It usually contains a high content of various chemical elements - iron, calcium, magnesium, fluorine, and so on. In high concentrations, these substances are extremely dangerous to humans.

Moreover, such water is dangerous for household appliances. For example, water with a high content of magnesium and calcium will be detrimental to water heaters, boilers, and washing machines due to the formation of plaque on the heating elements of this technique.

Salvation in this case can only be water purification systems. In this article, we will talk about what they are, who makes them, and how they differ from each other. In addition, we will touch on the question of how best to choose such a system, how to install it yourself, and give advice on proper operation.

Peculiarities

In order to make a choice of high-quality and effective water purification for a private house or cottage, a preliminary laboratory study of water should be carried out. Now this service is offered not only by private laboratories that produce such studies, but also by the manufacturers of cleaning systems themselves.

The purpose of the study is to understand what properties water has, and what indicators there is an excess, and only after that to select the necessary filter to solve this particular problem.

Tests will show what exactly is contained in the water, what is the percentage of each substance.

The most common problems faced by homeowners are:

increased water hardness due to the high concentration of calcium and magnesium;
a large percentage of iron;
the presence of manganese, chlorine, oxidizability;

high presence of salts;
color and turbidity of water;
various contaminants of a mechanical nature, as a rule, we are talking about sand or silt;
water pollution by pathogenic bacteria and pathogens;
industrial pollution by production waste.

If we talk about the goals of the functioning of the water purification system, then it should be noted:

improving the quality of water, not only for drinking, but also for general use;
minimizing the cost of maintenance and maintenance of the water treatment mechanism;
simplification and reduction of time for work on launching the system at the beginning of the summer season, as well as the implementation of the process of conservation of the system with the onset of frost;
arrangement of the caisson of the well and the organization of a convenient connection to the entire system of a high-pressure device for car washing.

The features of the water purification system include the fact that they must consist of at least several filters:

rough cleaning, which will remove sand;
a filter that will be responsible for softening the water;
fine filter, which will be responsible for removing heavy metals, nitrates and oil products from water;
a filter that will disinfect water, because bacteria, even in the smallest amount, are found in wells and wells.

Requirements for safety and quality

If we talk about the requirements for safety and water quality, they are regulated by SanPiN.

There are three types of water that are mentioned in this document:

bottled;
water from open sources;
plumbing.

We are not so interested in bottled in the context of the issue under consideration, but the other two types are worth considering.

So, tap water is regulated by the rules of SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01. In order for water to be recognized as suitable, it must meet at least 44 indicators that central treatment facilities must provide. But given the state of the domestic water supply system, the need for additional water purification before use dictates the importance of installing various water filters at home.

If we talk about water from open sources, then, as a rule, wells provide water with a high content of iron, salts, hydrogen sulfide and other chemicals, as well as various bacteria. Simple boiling, although it can disinfect the water and remove the unpleasant odor, but it will not affect the taste in any way, and they will remain low.

In general, the requirements for water of this category are contained in SanPiN under the number 2.1.4.1175-02. In addition to the requirements, this document also deals with the rules for organizing water supply mechanisms that use wells as water sources. But here it should be clearly understood that even a well-made water supply system is not a guarantee of the safety and quality of drinking water. In this case, the problem is solved only by installing a modern water treatment mechanism.

Continuing the topic of requirements, let's say that cleaning requires a serious and, most importantly, a multi-stage filtration system.

As a rule, it consists of 5 main mechanisms:

mechanical cleaning;
electrochemical;

sorption cleaning;
biological treatment;
catalytic lighting.

The first type is also called coarse cleaning. Its essence is that such filters are a fine mesh that traps particles of sand, silt and other mechanical impurities. The second category is also called aeration. Aeration columns are designed to remove hydrogen sulfide, iron and manganese from water. Thanks to this process, the water is saturated with oxygen, which reacts with iron and oxidizes it.

Next comes the ironing. That is, now we are talking about the turbidity of water. Iron dissolved in water can be noticed by everyone, as it gives it a rusty color and forms a precipitate. You can purify such water with the help of filters, the action of which is based on the oxidation reaction.

That is, a special substance oxidizes iron, after which it is transformed into a precipitate and filtered out. To soften water, filters containing ion-exchange resin are used. When water passes through such a filter, magnesium and calcium ions from the water are replaced by sodium ions contained in the filter media.

Water softening is also possible with reverse osmosis filters, in which water passes through a series of thin membranes that allow only water molecules to pass through. Such filters not only soften the water, but also purify it from bacteria.

Sorption purification is necessary due to the fact that a number of toxins and harmful impurities are not retained by coarse filters. This type of cleaning is built on fine-membrane membranes and sorbent backfill.

The last one is disinfection. In this case, harmful microorganisms are destroyed using filters based on ultraviolet light. This technique is safe for human health and does not spoil the taste of water at all.

Kinds

If we talk about the categories of the water treatment system, then systems are divided into two categories: reagentless and reagent. The latter are based on special oxidizing substances that react with the pollutant. The cost of such systems is low, but they require certain costs during operation - to maintain their efficiency at the same level. They can be used to prepare water that cannot be used for drinking.

But the basis of the first reagents is not. Such systems are generally more modern. They have a higher cost, and also differ in the presence of an aeration column and an air compressor. But in this case, there are no operating costs, and from a long-term point of view, they are more profitable. And such filtration systems can easily transform almost any water into drinking water.

But also if you look at another criterion, then water treatment systems are different. Sorption models, which were mentioned above, are made in the form of jugs containing activated carbon as a cleaning element. The main disadvantage of such a filter for drinking water is its small volume. Yes, and the filter must be changed every time after 200 liters of water have passed through it. If this is not done, the charcoal filter may become a source of contamination.

Another filter option is flow filters. They are considered one of the most common.

According to the method of installation, they are usually divided into three categories:

attachment on the crane;
station that connects to the mixer;
station, which is installed in the water supply system.

Such household filters, like the previous type, contain replaceable carbon cartridges. Their only advantage is that the volume of filtration here is much larger and is limited only by the resource of replaceable parts. The most common filters that are mounted in the pipeline. They are also called cones. The popularity is due to the fact that the presence of several flasks allows you to remove almost all impurities, except for bacteria.

Another type is membrane. These are stationary models for water purification, which have a long service life. They can clean up to 75 thousand liters without replacing the elements that are responsible for filtering. The whole secret here will be that the washing of the membrane responsible for filtration is carried out by a reverse flow of water. The principle of cleaning is also somewhat different. Its essence is that before entering the membrane, water passes through a number of different cone-type purifiers.

In a number of models there is even a water clarification procedure using the adsorption technique. On the other hand, such water treatment models are very bulky.

The next type is reverse osmosis. These filters, which work according to the principle of the same name, can be called the best solution that exists today. Such water purifiers have a rather interesting principle of operation. Everyone knows that the water molecule is the smallest of all that are present in nature.

Thanks to technological progress, it was possible to develop a special membrane that allows only water molecules to pass through and no others. Such complex filtration is considered to be of very high quality, but it also takes quite a lot of time. It is for this reason that each reverse osmosis station has a special storage tank.

And the last type that I want to talk about is ultraviolet sterilization. Such a filter is designed to remove microorganisms from the water. The best part is that thanks to this technology, it has become possible to completely eliminate the use of chlorine. But this system has a drawback - it destroys only bacteria. That is, it cannot be an independent element, but it can easily become one step in some complex system. By the way, industrial cleaning systems necessarily have this element.

In addition, there are models that are divided according to the thermal qualities of processing:

for hot water;
for cold water.

It should be said that this is necessary in order to fully clean both streams of water that are supplied to the water tap. The fact is that hot water can contain significantly more elements such as scale, as well as various decomposition products after heating the water. At the same time, there are many impurities in cold water that adversely affect human health, as well as the normal operation of various household appliances that work with water.

It should be noted that the main water treatment systems are mounted directly on the water riser, the flow systems are mounted under the sink or sink, the adsorbing coal systems are mounted on the riser or under the sink, the magnetic ones are on the water pipe or on the riser, and those that are needed for softening are cascaded onto the riser, which supplies water.

If we are talking specifically about country houses, then various filter systems can be used here. For example, household filters will not be effective here. It is necessary to use more complex water treatment technologies that have several stages. For example, a combination of aeration and ion exchange resin filtration techniques is now a highly effective solution.

The aeration option causes iron and manganese to oxidize, transforming them into sediment. Ion exchange filters remove hardness salts from water using the process of the same name. As a rule, such an installation consists of several tanks filled with ion exchange resin. It contains weakly bound sodium ions. When water passes through the resin, calcium and magnesium ions remain in it, and the resin gives sodium ions to the water. After a while, the sodium in the resin runs out, and its supply needs to be restored.

This requires a sodium chloride solution, which is prepared automatically in a special container, where the salt is slowly dissolved in the form of tablets. It is important that the tablets melt slowly, and do not disintegrate and do not crumble. However, the purchase of such tablets is a serious drawback of these filters.

Manufacturers

The domestic market presents the products of various companies that are engaged in the creation of the equipment considered in this article.

These are:

"Barrier";
Equals;
"Aquaphor";
"Ekodar";
"Geyser".

Now let's talk about each in more detail. The Ekvols company produces a wide range of cleaning systems for country houses. To purify water in a small country house, you can use Aquadean Pro filters, which belong to the ion-exchange category. They are easy to connect. The advantage of these models is that they are automatically self-cleaning.

If you need something more powerful, then you can purchase something from the SKV model line. If there is a well, you can use models from the Comfort and Elite series. And for working with a well, there is an excellent Dacha model, which is based on an aeration cleaner. The price of systems from this manufacturer is in the range from 600 to 1 thousand dollars. The manufacturer gives a five-year warranty on all its products.

Another interesting domestic manufacturer is Ecodar. This company produces excellent well filters called Ecomaster. She can supply them in three trim levels.

As a rule, the components of such a station are:

aeration column;
ion exchange softener;
ultraviolet sterilizer.

If we talk about the price corridor, then it ranges from two to four thousand dollars. The manufacturer gives a guarantee for its models for a period of three years.

Another company whose products deserve attention is Hydrowell. It offers ion exchange resin filters as well as aerators. Typically, such a model will be completed depending on what water you have to work with, as well as the performance that is needed. The most popular systems of this company have a simple design. The price is usually 1.5 - 1.8 thousand dollars. The manufacturer gives a one-year warranty on its models.

Barrier filters are one of the simplest models. Cleaning systems of the Aquadial line with filters on ion exchange resins and aeration are an excellent solution for use in a country house or cottage. The price here is usually 1.6 - 2.2 thousand dollars. But it should be said that the design of the models, frankly, is simple.

If we talk about models from the Geyser company, then the most interesting will be the treatment station called Geyser-TVT. Such models are usually used for large volumes of contaminated water. For example, they can be used for wastewater. The model we mentioned is a rack on wheels, inside of which there is an ion exchange filter column. It makes it possible to purify water from most surface sources or artesian wells. It can be used by both a person who has a private house and a person who has a dacha.

The last manufacturer I would like to focus on is Aquaphor. The company produces models for water purification using ion-exchange filters. For example, the WaterBoss line of filters, which are small softeners that have one ion exchange filter designed for moderately polluted water.

Models of the WaterMax line, in addition to the main compartment with ion exchange resin, also have a compartment that contains a sorbent that is best suited for a particular water. If we talk about the cost of these models, then solutions from the Aquaphor Pro and WaterBoss line will cost about one thousand dollars, and WaterMax - about two. The manufacturer gives a two-year warranty on its models.

But of course, this is an incomplete list of models and manufacturers. For example, BraSco and Nortex brands provide interesting solutions. If we talk about which brand's products will be the best, then it should be said that everything will depend on a lot of factors, from the composition of the water to the arrangement of the house, as well as the water supply system.

How to choose?

In order to make the right selection of water treatment equipment, you must first understand what you are using as a source of water - a well or a well. The next important point is the properties of water and what pollutants it has. There will already be a question whether it is possible to purify water at home. It should be said that laboratory research is indispensable here.

For example, when cleaning well water from various elements of iron ore, it would be better to use special technologies. For example, catalytic oxidation combined with pre-aeration techniques. And at the final stage, you can apply catalytic filtration. For this, it is easy to use materials such as "Sorbent" MS, MZHF, MFO-47 and others.

In addition, if the water from the same well is too oversaturated with strontium, manganese and iron, then it will have a high degree of hardness. This is where the need for a water softener comes in. It is best used in conjunction with an ion exchange resin filter as a strong acid cation exchanger.

If the water has an unpleasant odor similar to that of rotten eggs, then the water contains a high concentration of hydrogen sulfide.

Elimination of hydrogen sulfide can be done using:

water acidification and aeration;
using aeration devices;
the use of various ion exchangers for the catalysis of hydrogen sulfide;

exposure to organic substances with bacteria, that is, using a biological cleaning method;
using sulfur oxidizers, we are talking about ozone, potassium permanganate, sodium hydrochloride.

In general, as you can see, the choice of a purification system will depend on a lot of factors, namely: on the design of the water supply system, the source of water supply, and the state of the water itself.

It should be said that manufacturers can offer various types of devices for wells and wells. But it is best to use solutions for water purification, which involve one holistic device that includes all types of purification.

Mounting

If you decide to install a water purification system yourself, then the first step in this process will be to create a system project. That is, it is required to display the plumbing system in the form of a diagram and indicate how the pipes go through the house, as well as where the various elements of the water supply are located - pumps, boiler, collectors.

But also, if necessary, you should mark the places on the diagram where the purification filters will be placed. And already on the basis of the drawn up plan, you can start calculating the amount of material that will be needed for construction.

The next step is laboratory water testing. This will allow you to understand what exactly the water is contaminated with, and then choose the type of filters you need for your home. Based on the conclusion that will be issued by the sanitary service, it will be possible to understand what exactly the problem with water is.

Now you can proceed to the selection and subsequent installation of a water treatment system. These can be water treatment units, filters, iron removers and other cleaning devices.

The installation of this system is carried out in such a way that water immediately enters it after leaving the accumulator, but before it reaches the water tap. Typically, filters must be located at a distance of 60-120 centimeters from the accumulator.

We will talk about installing the system using the Aquaphor main filters as an example. This type of filter has a stainless steel metal case, and to disassemble it and install replaceable cartridges, unscrew the nut on the metal mounting clamp, which will be more convenient than using a plastic key and cases.

The appearance of such a filter is quite attractive. The manufacturer notes that such a case will last about 10 years.

There are three models in the series:

"Mini";
"Midi";
"Viking".

They differ only in size and name. But precisely because of the size, each model has its own cartridges. One such cartridge will be enough for the entire summer season. But since cleaning is necessary for different indicators, it was decided to buy two filters with different cartridges. And spare parts were also purchased in case of breakdowns.

At first, it was decided that all pipes would be replaced with polypropylene ones, and a mud trap would be installed at the entrance to the system, which could be removed, washed, and even drained into the sewer. But also a water consumption meter will be installed here in order to understand how much it is used. To carry out the installation, it was decided to use quick couplings - the so-called American, which makes it possible to quickly remove any element without any effort and dismantle the entire system.

The installation of the entire mechanism started with the dismantling of the old elements. After that, a mobile shield was fixed on the wall using anchor bolts. Its main task is to be a reliable basis for fixing various parts of the water purification mechanism. As a base, which will become the basis for the entire system, cases were taken from the main filters of the Viking model. They installed cartridges "Aquaphor" and "Barrier".

At the entrance to the system, it was decided to install a shut-off valve and a Honeywell FF06 coarse water filter. It is an excellent solution for preventing various particles of rust and sand from entering the water treatment system. Now it was decided to proceed with the installation of pipes. To do this, they were fixed with clamps on the walls, which ensured even greater rigidity of the system. And in front of the main filters, a water meter of the Ecomera ECO-20 model was installed. Now it was decided to start welding polypropylene pipes. For this, the apparatus "Stavr ASPT-800" was used.

In order for the threaded connections to be reliably sealed, it was decided to use the Unilok thread. After the main filters, a pressure regulator of the Dzhileks RDM-5 model was installed. Its use makes it possible to automatically maintain the water pressure in the system at the level of 3-4 atmospheres. If the pressure drops below three atmospheres, the regulator automatically turns on the electric pump inside the well.

True, I had to tinker with the issue of connecting to the accumulator, since its outlet was not located in the same plane with the rest of the system, but protruded significantly forward from the wall. For this reason, I had to purchase a few more fittings.

When the water treatment mechanism was connected to the hydraulic motor, the plumbing system of the house, it was decided to install a drain pipe from the sump. Gutter systems must be equipped in houses, because melt water and rain can cause problems for owners of private houses.

On the site, this will be expressed in puddles and mud, and the basement may be flooded. Water will begin to wash away the foundation on the site and spoil the finish of the building. Yes, and these waters can cause a change in the composition of water in the well and well. And it may even become unusable.

And to avoid this effect, it is necessary to install a drainage system on the site. Modern systems are resistant to aggressive environments and are easy to install, as well as have an excellent appearance. Usually their designs are made of various materials. One of the most popular is polyvinyl chloride. It is light, does not crumble, does not peel off and does not even rust. Gutters made of such material do not need to be painted.

They also handle extreme temperature fluctuations and are UV resistant. A good option would be a model made of steel coated with polymers. Steel is a great material and will last a long time in this case. And also the material from which such systems can be made can be copper.

Such drains are very wear-resistant due to the fact that during oxidation a patina film appears on the copper surface.

In general, as you can see, the presence of such a system is simply necessary. In our case, in order to bring the pipe into the sewer system, we took a puncher and simply drilled through the wall to the veranda and carried out the output through a flexible pipe into the sewer pipe tee.

This completed the installation of a new water treatment and water supply system. Now it remains only to start putting water into the system. If there are no leaks, then you can use it without any problems. And if leaks are observed, then in the place where they are, you can either replace the elements, or simply twist them.

We will give various tips on the use of the water treatment system and its maintenance. For example, there is no need to treat all the water that enters the house. For what purpose do you need clean water, say, in the toilet tank? The same can be said about the water we use for washing and laundry. That is, in fact, we need clean water only in order to drink it and cook food. It is for this reason that water purification systems are best installed only in the kitchen. Well, in other places, if somewhere you still need clean water. To use such a system, a small separate tap is provided.

Another tip - for additional protection of the water purification mechanism from rapid contamination at the inlet of the water supply, several flasks can be installed that have coarse filter elements.

And also, before choosing treatment plants, one should not neglect to make an extended water analysis in the nearest sanitary laboratory. This will make it possible to identify the most characteristic indicators where there are problems. And besides, this will allow you to accurately select one or another type of filter installation so that the cleaning system is as efficient as possible. If we are talking about the need to install some kind of serious integrated cleaning system, then this process will not be superfluous to entrust to professionals who already have experience in installing such systems.

The same applies to commissioning - they should be carried out exclusively by professionals. so that if problems arise, they can quickly fix them. Another tip - do not neglect the stage of rough water purification. Its use will make it possible to filter out the largest pollutants and significantly extend the life of special filter units that will be installed after this type of filter.

If you do not know which company to choose, then it will not be superfluous to read reviews about the products of a particular brand. This will tell you exactly which model to choose. In addition, you can talk with your neighbors and find out what filter systems are installed in their homes, how efficiently and efficiently they do their job.

In general, as you can see, you can choose a system for water purification in a country house according to a number of criteria. They will be decisive in this process, and in no case should they be neglected. Only strict compliance with the requirements in this matter will make it possible to install a truly effective and high-quality water treatment system, regardless of whether the source of water is a well or a well.

As for the installation, it must be said that the installation of such a system is a rather difficult and troublesome business. The point is not even the use of high-tech filters and devices, but the fact that the system is done correctly, and it gives the desired result. If you decide to install some kind of small cleaning filter yourself, then doing this is absolutely not a problem.

But if we are talking about some kind of serious and complex cleaning system, then it would probably be best to turn to specialists who already have experience in installing such systems. Especially when it comes to the fact that you have never encountered such systems before. Or, at least, if you still decide to install such a system yourself, then it will not be superfluous either to consult with a specialist or to carry out installation at least in his presence, so that if problems arise, they can be eliminated promptly.