Double pitched roof. Gable roof

At the heart of each roof is a large number of beams, rafters, racks and girders, which are collectively called the truss system. Over the centuries-old history of types and methods of its organization, a lot has accumulated, and each has its own characteristics in the construction of knots and cuts. We will talk in more detail about what the gable roof truss system can be and how the rafters and other elements of the system should be attached in more detail.

The design of the gable roof truss system

In the context of a gable roof is a triangle. It consists of two rectangular inclined planes. These two planes are connected at the highest point into a single system with a ridge beam (run).

Now about the components of the system and their purpose:

• Mauerlat - a beam that connects the roof and walls of the building, serves as a support for the rafter legs and other elements of the system.
• Rafter legs - they form the inclined planes of the roof and are the support for the crate under the roofing material.
• Ridge run (bead or ridge) - combines two roof planes.
• A puff is a transverse part that connects opposite rafter legs. Serves to increase the rigidity of the structure and compensate for bursting loads.
• Beds - bars located along the Mauerlat. Redistribute the load from the roof.
• Side runs - support the rafter legs.
• Racks - transfer the load from the runs to the beds.

Filly may still be present in the system. These are boards that extend the rafter legs to form an overhang. The fact is that in order to protect the walls and foundation of the house from precipitation, it is desirable that the roof ends as far as possible from the walls. To do this, you can take long rafter legs. But the standard lumber length of 6 meters is often not enough for this. Ordering non-standard is very expensive. Therefore, the rafters are simply grown, and the boards with which this is done are called “fillies”.

There are quite a few designs of truss systems. First of all, they are divided into two groups - with layered and hanging rafters.

With hanging rafters

These are systems in which the rafter legs rest only on the outer walls without intermediate supports (bearing walls). For gable roofs, the maximum span is 9 meters. When installing a vertical support and a strut system, it can be increased up to 14 meters.

The hanging type of gable roof truss system is good because in most cases there is no need to install a Mauerlat, and this makes the installation of rafter legs easier: no need to make cuts, just mow the boards. To connect the walls and rafters, a lining is used - a wide board, which is attached to studs, nails, bolts, crossbars. With such a structure, most of the bursting loads are compensated, the impact on the walls is directed vertically downwards.

Types of truss systems with hanging rafters for different spans between load-bearing walls

Gable roof truss system for small houses

There is a cheap version of the truss system when it is a triangle (photo below). Such a structure is possible if the distance between the outer walls is not more than 6 meters. For such a rafter system, it is possible not to calculate the angle of inclination: the ridge must be raised above the puff to a height of at least 1/6 of the span length.

But with this construction, the rafters experience significant bending loads. To compensate for them, they either take rafters of a larger section or cut the ridge part in such a way as to partially neutralize them. To give greater rigidity in the upper part, wooden or metal plates are nailed on both sides, which securely fasten the top of the triangle (also see not the picture).

The photo also shows how to grow rafter legs to create a roof overhang. A notch is made, which should go beyond the line drawn from the inner wall upwards. This is necessary to move the incision site and reduce the likelihood of a rafter breaking.

Ridge knot and fastening of rafter legs to the backing board with a simple version of the system

For mansard roofs

Option with the installation of a crossbar - used when. In this case, it is the basis for filing the ceiling of the room below. For reliable operation of this type of system, the crossbar notch must be hingeless (rigid). The best option is semi-pan (see the picture below). Otherwise, the roof will become unstable to loads.

Please note that in this scheme there is a Mauerlat, and the rafter legs should extend beyond the walls to increase the stability of the structure. To secure them and dock with the Mauerlat, a cut is made in the form of a triangle. In this case, with an uneven load on the slopes, the roof will be more stable.

With such a scheme, almost the entire load falls on the rafters, therefore they must be taken with a larger section. Sometimes the raised puff is reinforced with a suspension. This is necessary to prevent it from sagging if it serves as a support for ceiling sheathing materials. If the puff is short, it can be secured in the center on both sides with boards nailed to the nails. With a significant load and length, there may be several such insurances. In this case, boards and nails are also enough.

For big houses

With a significant distance between the two outer walls, a headstock and struts are installed. This design has high rigidity, since the loads are compensated.

With such a long span (up to 14 meters), it is difficult and expensive to make a one-piece puff, because it is made from two beams. It is connected by a straight or oblique cut (picture below).

For reliable docking, the junction is reinforced with a steel plate mounted on bolts. Its dimensions should be larger than the dimensions of the cut - the extreme bolts are screwed into solid wood at a distance of at least 5 cm from the edge of the cut.

In order for the circuit to work properly, it is necessary to correctly make the struts. They transmit and distribute part of the load from the rafter legs to the puff and provide structural rigidity. Metal strips are used to reinforce the connections.

When assembling a gable roof with hanging rafters, the cross-section of lumber is always larger than in systems with layered rafters: there are fewer load transfer points, therefore, each element has a greater load.

With rafters

In gable roofs with layered rafters, their ends rest on the walls, and the middle part rests on load-bearing walls or columns. Some schemes burst walls, some do not. In any case, the presence of a Mauerlat is mandatory.

Bezporny schemes and knots of cuts

Houses made of logs or timber do not respond well to spacer loads. For them, they are critical: the wall can fall apart. For wooden houses, the gable roof truss system must be non-expansion. Let's talk about the types of such systems in more detail.

The simplest non-spacer scheme of the truss system is shown in the photo below. In it, the rafter leg rests on the Mauerlat. In this embodiment, it works on a bend, without bursting the wall.

Pay attention to the options for attaching the rafter legs to the Mauerlat. In the first, the support platform is usually beveled, while its length is no more than the cross section of the beam. The depth of the cut is no more than 0.25 of its height.

The top of the rafter legs is laid on the ridge beam without fastening it to the opposite rafter. Two shed roofs are obtained according to the structure, which adjoin (but do not connect) one with the other in the upper part.

It is much easier to assemble the option with rafter legs fastened in the ridge part. They almost never give a thrust on the walls.

For this scheme to work, the rafter legs below are attached using a movable joint. To fix the rafter leg to the Mauerlat, one nail is hammered from above or a flexible steel plate is placed from below. See the photo for options for attaching rafter legs to a ridge run.

If the roofing material is planned to be heavy, it is necessary to increase the bearing capacity. This is achieved by increasing the cross section of the elements of the truss system and strengthening the ridge assembly. It is shown in the photo below.

Strengthening the ridge assembly for heavy roofing material or with significant snow loads

All of the above gable roof schemes are stable in the presence of uniform loads. But in practice, this almost never happens. There are two ways to prevent the roof from sliding in the direction of greater load: by installing a brace at a height of about 2 meters or by struts.

Options for truss systems with contractions

The installation of contractions increases the reliability of the structure. In order for it to work normally, at the places where it intersects with drains, you need to attach nails to them. The cross section of the beam for the scrum is used the same as for the rafters.

They are attached to the rafter legs with bots or nails. Can be installed on one or both sides. The knot for attaching the bout to the rafters and the ridge run, see the figure below.

In order for the system to be rigid and not “crawl” even under emergency loads, it is enough in this embodiment to provide a rigid fastening of the ridge beam. In the absence of the possibility of its displacement in the horizontal, the roof will withstand even significant loads.

Rafter systems with braces

In these options, rafter legs, which are also called struts, are added for greater rigidity. They are installed at an angle of 45° with respect to the horizon. Their installation allows you to increase the span length (up to 14 meters) or reduce the cross section of beams (rafters).

The strut is simply substituted at the required angle to the beams and nailed from the sides and bottom. An important requirement: the brace must be cut accurately and fit snugly against the uprights and the rafter leg, excluding the possibility of its deflection.

Systems with rafter legs. Above is a spacer system, below is a non-spacer system. The nodes of the correct felling for each are located nearby. Below - possible schemes for attaching the strut

But not in all houses, the average load-bearing wall is located in the middle. In this case, it is possible to install struts with an angle of inclination relative to the horizon of 45-53 °.

Bracing systems are necessary if significant uneven shrinkage of the foundation or walls is possible. Walls can sit differently on wooden houses, and foundations on layered or heaving soils. In all these cases, consider the installation of truss systems of this type.

System for houses with two internal load-bearing walls

If the house has two load-bearing walls, two rafters are installed, which are located above each of the walls. Beds are laid on the intermediate load-bearing walls, the load from the rafter beams is transferred to the beds through the racks.

In these systems, a ridge run is not installed: it gives expansion forces. The rafters in the upper part are connected to one another (cut and joined without gaps), the joints are reinforced with steel or wooden plates, which are nailed.

In the upper non-expansion system, the expanding force is neutralized by tightening. Please note that the puff is placed under the run. Then it works efficiently (the top diagram in the figure). Stability can be provided by racks, or jointing - beams installed obliquely. In the spacer system (in the picture it is below), the cross member is a crossbar. It is installed above the run.

There is a variant of the system with racks, but without rafters. Then a rack is nailed to each rafter leg, which rests on the intermediate load-bearing wall with the second end.

Fastening the rack and tightening in the rafter system without a rafter run

To fasten the racks, nails for 150 mm and bolts 12 mm are used. Dimensions and distances in the figure are in millimeters.

A gable roof is the most standard option. It is with her that even small children draw a house, and it is she who first comes to mind. And this makes sense: this roof is simple in its design, at the same time adapted to a variety of climatic conditions and has sufficient stability, which mankind has experienced for more than one century. But in practice, ideal gable roofs are not so common - more often just with unequal slope angles, different lengths of cornice overhangs and unusual design. There are usually two reasons for such an “anomaly”: either the owners of the housing tried to express a certain architectural feature of the house, or certain operational requirements led to this. Or different types and variants of gable roofs actually contain many bonuses in the form of additional comfort, style and functionality! Let's figure it out?

In fact, a gable roof is two slopes that are fastened at a certain angle. But under which ones, whether they are the same, and whether the slopes themselves are solid, and depends on what kind of roof you are going to build:

• Traditional symmetrical.
• Asymmetrical, with different slope angles.
• Broken, with refraction of slopes in the middle.
• A gable roof with a ridge not in the center of the building.

Time-tested classic: from 30° to 60°

Of course, the most popular today and yesterday is the symmetrical gable roof. The simplest in construction and in miscalculations, with an ergonomic classic design, which is based on an isosceles triangle. An acute angle well removes any atmospheric precipitation, snow does not accumulate, and any roofing material can be used.

The classic symmetrical gable roof is also called a gable roof. In fact, these are two inclined planes-slopes of a rectangular shape, which are installed at the right angle to the walls of the building. And the functional features of such a roof depend on the corner itself.

A gable roof, depending on the angles of the slopes, can be of the following types:

• Classic with 45° angle. The most common option for houses up to 8 m wide.
• Sloping, with an angle of less than 45°. It is more common on small houses in particularly windy regions.
• Pointed with an angle of inclination of 60 °. This is the most expensive construction option, but justified when neighbors' roofs break from tons of snow.
• Polyline with slopes of different angles: 30° and 60°.

The angle of inclination of such a roof is calculated based on the climatic features of the area. For example, steep pitched roofs are usually built in regions with particularly snowy winters, and flat pitched roofs in windy regions. Where it rains more often than the sun, and there is a lot of snow in winter, this angle should be at least 60 °.

It is clear that the steeper the slopes, the easier it is to throw snow off them and prevent rainwater from lingering on the surface for too long. But such a roof can be torn off by the wind, which is fraught with considerable losses and problems. Therefore, if your area is more windy than snowy (and the wind usually blows snow off the roofs), then the slopes should be made gentle. That's the whole difference between these subspecies of the classic gable roof: gentle and steep.

Slopes of different lengths: for additional outbuildings

Yes, this roof looks unusual. But this design has a huge advantage in that for the same gazebo, garage or pool, it is no longer necessary to build a separate roof or canopy. This is a considerable savings, you see, and also an attractive and memorable design.

The essence of this type of roof is that it has one slope noticeably longer than the other.

Sloping roof: everything for the comfort of the attic

Again this type (even a subspecies) of a gable roof lies a rectangle, above it is a triangle and two more triangles on the sides. The ceiling in the attic is high, the windows can be placed vertically, and in general the space looks cozy and as close as possible to an ordinary living room. Yes, the geometry is still a little unusual, but that's more of a plus. But now, on one side of the attic, you can safely attach a balcony.

A broken gable roof is built when they are going to equip a residential attic under it in the future. After all, to make the room cozy and warm, the usual gable roof is not enough because of such disadvantages:

• It is quite difficult to make high-quality skylights on slopes. These are difficult to open, they leak during the rain and visually lose a lot to vertical ones.
• On such slopes, almost no extensions in the form of a balcony and other additional elements can be made.
• Inclined walls in the interior, no matter how designers beat them, do not look very comfortable. And some people are also psychologically pressured.
• Sharp corners indoors are not really a bonus, but a problem, and they are quite difficult to beat comfortably.
• It is more difficult to insulate such a roof than a broken one.

That's why the breaks on each slope are so important: the angle changes, and the interior space of the attic turns out to be more comfortable and spacious.

As you can see for yourself, it couldn't be easier:

Or these broken ones:

Asymmetric roof: design and practicality

At the base of the asymmetric roof, the refraction of which is not in the center, there is already an arbitrary triangle at the base. It just has different angles, and therefore different sides. As a result, one roof slope is already larger in area than the other, and the load on it will also be different. Therefore, an asymmetric roof is more difficult to calculate: the loads on both slopes are not the same, and there will be few identical elements in the rafter system. Somewhere something will have to be made thicker, something strengthened, and something to save on.

The unusual “broken” interior space of such an attic turns out to be quite cozy, and, as it were, the cut walls are hidden behind built-in wardrobes. Yes, and psychological for any person to live in such an attic is much more comfortable: sharp pitched walls do not crush.

The big advantage of this version of the gable roof is that now the windows in the attic will not be inclined, but vertical, and it is already more difficult for water to get into the interior. Moreover, in such premises it is even possible to attach a full-fledged balcony!

So why such a hassle? Why such complex calculations, if the classics never go out of fashion? Such roofs, with asymmetrical elements and shapes, are usually not only a whim of architects and designers, but also a great opportunity to make the living space under the roof more comfortable and spacious.

The asymmetric roof itself really looks stylish, and can make any dull gray house interesting.

"Fancy" gable roof truss systems

And here we have selected for you the most popular unusual types of gable roofs:

Building such unusual gable roofs is not difficult: they contain all the same principles, just the rafters are connected in a different way. The only thing that needs to be done is to carefully calculate in advance the future loads of the roof and how much such rafters are ready to withstand them. And all the time and effort spent on building an unusual roof will definitely pay off with a more interesting design, a spacious and comfortable attic and other functional bonuses.

With and without an attic: we change trash for valuable meters

In fact, what is stored in the attics of ordinary private houses? Of course, rubbish! And all over the world it has long become fashionable to abandon such a part of the roof in favor of a cozy attic or a real second floor, only with slightly sloping walls. And the attic itself, in its more correct concept as a space for under-roof ventilation, remains, however, under the very covering.

But all this applies only to residential buildings. But for a real Russian bathhouse, it is extremely important to create an air gap between the ceiling hot from steam and the top roofing. Otherwise, the snow in winter on such a roof will constantly be heated, and then freeze and hang down with icicles. And therefore there should be an attic in such buildings!

Levels: lofts on a grand scale

Are you planning to make the attic more spacious than just a habitable attic under the roof? Then decide first how many levels she will have. Yes, attics are (and often) two-story!

Why is it important to decide ahead of time? The point is the supports and stability of the truss system:

• Single-level mansard roofs are the simplest in terms of device. They are usually not considered part of the design of the house due to their lightness and simplicity. But at the same time, no one will bother you to make two attic rooms at once and even raise one of them to the podium.
• Two-level mansard roofs are already built as part of the house, the same as the second floor. The weight and load on the foundation is accurately calculated.

Of the advantages of a two-level roof - vertical walls, twice as much living space, unusual stylish architecture. And with all this, it is still not a full-fledged second floor, and therefore the costs are not at all the same.

Have you chosen your favorite option? Then start building, and our site will definitely help you with this!

Types and options for gable roofs: an overview of all designs

This gable roof is not so simple: both broken, and with different angles, and with an offset axis. Pretentiousness of architects or hidden benefits? Complete overview of all

How to design a gable roof?

A gable roof is a structure consisting of a pair of sloped slopes.

Also, such a roof is known as a gable roof. In simple terms, a gable roof is a triangle, which closes on top with a ridge. This version of the roof is one of the most convenient and simple options for roof construction and has been considered relevant for more than one century.

The gable roof is considered the most popular, and its construction is the simplest.

Varieties of gable roofs

Classification of gable roofs

• broken (mansard) gable roof;
• gable symmetrical roof;
• gable asymmetrical roof.

Types of pitched roofs of houses.

The first type is often used in the construction of a gable attic (broken) roof, since this type of construction leaves a large space in the attic. A symmetrical roof is the most traditional option, based on an isosceles triangle. In the case of the latter design, the ridge is not arranged in the center, but with a slight offset. This option has an original and unusual look, although it does not leave much useful attic space.

In addition to the above, other, more bizarre and rare designs can be used in construction. One of these is a gable multi-level roof, the slopes of which do not converge in the ridge, but form a broken structure, ending at different heights. Such a roof looks, of course, spectacular, but to create it, you need an impressive building experience. The same applies to such an option as a gable half-hip roof, which at first glance seems to be the most ordinary gable roof, but it has beveled elements along the edges of the ridge.

Roof slope angle

For these types of structures, the most important characteristic is the slope angle. Low-pitched gable roofs are best suited for temperate or dry climates with little rainfall. If the house is being built in a very humid area with very frequent rains, then it is better to make the slope steeper, about 60 degrees, so that water does not accumulate on the roof surface and flows down as quickly as possible. In this case, you need to pay attention to the fact that a large slope leads to an increase in the effect of wind on the roof. In order to correctly calculate the design of a gable roof, it is necessary to carry out taking into account the sum of all maximum loads.

The formula for calculating the angle of the roof.

In addition, the choice of roofing also depends on the angle of inclination. For example, on a roof with a large slope, it is best to use tiles.

Features of the gable roof truss system

When erecting a gable roof structure, only the most important details of the truss system are needed, namely the Mauerlat and the frame itself (rafters with struts). To make them, you need to acquire high-quality wood in the form of 150 × 150 bars and boards with a section size of 50 × 150 millimeters.

Types of gable roof truss systems.

The gable roof frame can be made in two ways:

The layered type of truss system is most often used in buildings in which internal load-bearing walls are provided. It can be used as intermediate supports. If the width of the roof does not exceed ten meters, then one support will be required for its construction; if the roof has a width of more than ten meters, then the number of supports increases proportionally. The hanging type of truss system is more suitable for buildings that do not have internal load-bearing walls. The frame of such a roof consists of two belts: the upper one, on which there are two rafters, and the lower one, consisting of rigidly connected puffs. The rafters at such a roof rest on the Mauerlat, and the ends of the rafters are on the outer walls.

The frame of a gable and sloping roof can be strengthened by creating support frames. They do not allow inclined elements to sag and significantly increase the strength of the structure. Sometimes attic walls are installed to the support frames (with a sloping roof). In addition, the supporting frame, located above the load-bearing inner wall, removes part of the total load of the roof from itself.

How to correctly calculate the frame of a gable roof of a house?

The most standard and simplest option provides that the design is based on an isosceles triangle. In this case, the presence of a school base is sufficient for calculations.

As the famous Pythagorean theorem says, height divides an isosceles triangle into two equal rectangles. It follows from this that it is necessary to know the width of the roof and its height to the ridge. Then you can do the calculation of the roof surface area and calculate the required amount of building materials. In the calculations, allowances for the cornice and the placement of overlapping material must also be taken into account.

Self-made construction of a gable roof of a house

Stages of construction work

The formula for calculating the roof area (needed to calculate the amount of building materials).

You can move from theory to practice. The first step is to start laying the floor beams. It is necessary to choose a building material taking into account the further use of the attic space: for the purpose of arranging a utility room, ordinary boards are used as a material, and for an attic device (in the case of a sloping roof), thicker beams resting on load-bearing walls are needed.

The building around the perimeter is equipped with a power plate, which is fixed with anchors. It will be possible to make nests for support bars in it.

Then you can move on to work on farms. You can make them in advance and just lift them on the roof, or you can make them directly during the process.

Please note that the gables must be done before installing the truss system. As well as rafters, they are made of wooden boards with a section size of 50x150 mm.

As a rule, the rafters are arranged in such a way that the top rests on the ridge, and the bottom rests on the Mauerlat. If this is not possible, you can apply additional elements called thrust bearings. So the rafters, resting against the floor beam, will be attached stronger and more reliably.

Scheme of installation and fastening of the Mauerlat.

A special connection is arranged in the upper part of the truss system, called the "lock". To ensure maximum strength, headstocks and crossbars are used for construction.

As fastening material, you can use screws, nails, and wire.

During construction, you can use the following useful tips:

1. The position of each rafter can be controlled using a plumb line.
2. Installation must begin with opposite trusses, between which a guide cord is pulled.
3. Sometimes you can use struts that rest in the middle of the rafter leg and in the rack and are fixed with nails. Thus, the frame is more rigid.
4. It is more convenient to prepare the rafters in advance so that they are symmetrical and the same. But still with a slight error, so that each individual element can be adjusted on the spot with greater accuracy.
5. Upon completion of the work, you can proceed to the insulation device and lay the roofing material.
6. Insulation and waterproofing device.

Roof waterproofing and insulation

To create a reliable waterproofing, it is best to use a special film as a material. There are types with diffusion membranes or double-circuit ventilation.

Since moist and warm air enters the attic from below, the insulation material must be protected from moisture on both sides. For this purpose, vapor barrier systems are used, which do not allow liquid to accumulate in the hygroscopic layer of the material.

For the purpose of insulation, both bulk and rolled material can be used. Mineral wool is considered the most popular material among builders. Keep in mind that when working with this material, it is necessary to wear a protective mask and construction gloves, since the dust released from the cotton wool during installation is harmful to the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, and the skin of the hands can be damaged by splinters with which this material is littered.

House roofing material

After you have laid the insulation and waterproofing material, you can begin to lay the roofing material. For him, a crate is arranged on the roof, which is located perpendicular to the rafter beam. The crate makes it possible to more evenly distribute the load on the structure.

When installing the lathing, the step used depends on which material is chosen for covering the roof. For a slate sheet, the step size will not be the same as for a soft tile.

Types of materials for roofing: sand tiles, soft roofing, ceramic tiles, rubber roofing, metal tiles, wood.

When building a gable roof, it is possible to use a wide range of building materials as a finish. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages, so the choice is always yours.

Let's briefly go over the main options:

1. Metal roof. It is a good and reliable solution. Textural sheet varieties are produced that give the appearance of tiles, and there are actually metal tiles. If you choose a copper coating instead of steel, the roof will last more than a hundred years. But such a design, of course, will cost you a pretty penny.
2. An unusual and extravagant way is to use a wood cover. In the event that the general style of the house allows, you can cover the roof with wooden shingles or spindles. Houses with a wooden gable roof will become a spectacular center of attention.
3. Using another type - self-leveling and soft coatings, you can make a budget and practical design of the roof. But there is one caveat: such a coating material is possible only on roofs with a suitable slope - this method is not suitable for a very steep slope.
4. And finally, natural tiles are an elegant, classic and prestigious material for covering. It is distinguished by a quality that has been tested for thousands of years of use, an exquisite appearance and a long service life, while having a fairly decent price.

Practical Conclusions

The gable roof of the house has always been considered a universal option for the coating material. It is not difficult to figure out how to make a gable roof at home with your own hands, without even having the appropriate education. It is for this reason that this design has become very widely used for private buildings.

All your efforts will be justified only if all stages of work are performed correctly. This type of roof can serve both for the attic, during the construction of a sloping roof, and for the cold attic.

Gable roof design: features

The gable roof design is the most common and easiest to build, so it is very popular in private construction.

Gable roof: varieties, design, drawings and diagrams, photos

Roof a house is a structure that is located at the top of a building. It gives the building a beautiful and finished look and protects from the sun's scorching rays, snow and rain.

Every future owner at home when erecting it, he wants the roof to endure all atmospheric hardships well. Therefore, before starting construction, it is necessary to decide which type of roof to give preference to, so that it reliably protects the house.

Winter happens in almost all regions of our country snowy and cold. It is necessary to choose a type of roof that will be excellent resist wind and precipitation. It should also be easy to installation, have good flow and don't leak during heavy rains and snow melt.

What are the shapes of roofs

Roofs are flat and sloping. flat roofs are almost never used in the construction of houses, since service structures of this form would be problematic: rainwater on it stagnates and snow in winter remove on one's own.

pitched Roofs are practical structures. atmospheric precipitation do not accumulate on their surface, since rainwater and snow are free descend down the slope into the drainage system.

This type of roof is very popular in the construction individual houses and cottages.

Depending on the design frame element pitched roofs have the following forms:

The most popular type of protective structures in the construction of residential buildings is considered gable roof. It is easy to create and economic a factor, since during the construction of this structure, trimming and other waste of roofing material are practically absent. Even our ancestors erected gable roofs on houses that served more than one generation of families.

Types of gable roofs

Gable structures are three types:

All these types different from each other not only in form, but also area attic space that can be used as an additional space for storage and other business purposes.

You can also do attic- a room for one of the family members to live. Arrangement roofing in this case, it will have its own characteristics, since it is necessary to insulate the attic.

To understand which design to give preference, needs to be considered each type separately.

Symmetrical gable roof

This is the most common version of a gable roof in the construction of individual residential buildings and cottages.

Symmetry helps make loads on walls and Mauerlat uniform.

With this form of construction rafters will not bend, but props can be installed anywhere.

Great for such a design as a roof, corrugated board is a reliable and durable material that is well opposes wind and weather conditions.

Gable roof with different angles of inclination of the slopes

If the angle of one slope is made more 45 degrees then under the roof equip additional residential room.

When erecting asymmetric a gable roof must be made correctly on the walls and the base of the house in such a design will be distributed unevenly.

In addition, the angle of inclination depends length slope, which should be considered when choosing roofing coatings. For example, corrugated board is not recommended for use on roofs whose slope length exceeds 12 m

Broken gable or mansard roof

Thanks to this design, you can make a complete second roof floor with large windows and spacious rooms.

In this case the line fracture roofs must be at least 2.8 m high.

This type of roof is essential is different from the usual symmetrical or an asymmetrical roof, and not just visually.

As roofing coverings are used metal tiles and other materials.

In addition, gable roofs can be part of a variety of combinations. For example, multi-forceps the roof consists of a large number of:

Another combination of this type of design - half hip roof. This is not only a beautiful, but also a practical solution, thanks to which you can get spacious attic and durable roof.

Rafter system options

The truss system is the foundation any roof. It will carry all the loads, so you need to do the right calculations before starting work.

are taken into account the weight roofs, decking, snowy and wind loads.

The gable roof truss system can be of different types, which differ location retaining elements, as well as fasteners.

hanging rafters

This type of rafter system is used when it is necessary to make light roof structure.

This may be necessary if the house does not have capital partitions, and the rafters will rely only on lateral walls.

The distance between the walls should be at least 6 meters and no more 14 meters.

Hanging rafters give big wall load. To reduce it, various connecting elements horizontally and diagonally. With their help, rafters fasten together between themselves. To such connecting elements can be attributed:

Rafters

A layered truss system is used when there is capital walls.

The installation of such rafters is much easier compared to the previous version.

The main supporting structure point will be skating run.

Before start installation of the truss system must be laid on the walls waterproofing and install Mauerlat.

And how to make a beautiful weather vane with your own hands, you will learn from this article.

Gable roof structure

When building a gable roof, you must first lay the beams overlap. The material for the beams is chosen taking into account further use attic.

If it is planned to make a room for economic needs, then use ordinary boards.

For device attic the room will need a thick beam that will rest on the load-bearing walls.

The beams are fastened together with nails.

The truss system is a load-bearing element of the roof in the form frame, which is attached to the ceiling. Mounting rafters must be literate, because it depends reliability the whole structure.

The main structural elements of a gable roof.

• Mauerlat - this is the "foundation" of the roof, and is often installed along the entire length of the supporting structure.
• Skate run fastened to the bearing racks in a strictly horizontal position. This important load-bearing element will have to support the weight of not only the roof, but also the snow that can accumulate on the roof in winter.
• crate it is made from a bar measuring 40 x 40 or 50 x 50. The elements of the crate are fastened together with nails.
• Installation runs and rafters requires careful calculations, because errors in this case are unacceptable.

crate and, accordingly, roof will hold up well and serve for a long time only if mounting of all systems is made clearly and correctly.

Benefits of a gable roof

To virtues this type of roof can be attributed:

• Practicality. If the attic space is enough spacious then in it you can arrange an attic or a full-fledged attic for household items.
• Heating and air conditioning systems can be installed in the attic or attic.
• rain water and snow will perfectly descend from the inclined plane of this type of roof.
• Original appearance. During construction, you can choose a scheme for erecting a roof with both the same and different angles of inclination.
• erection gable design does not require the use of complex technological solutions.
• Doesn't require a lot of money costs during the repair works.
• Even inexperienced the home master will be able to do the construction of such a roof with his own hands.
• This type of design fits the style of any shape. grounds.
• The embodiment of any design design ideas: convex or concave slopes, various decorative elements, original towers, arches.

Gable roof, handmade is a great choice for the person who wants to build durable and practical home. Indeed, such a structure has many benefits and there are absolutely no flaws.

Gable roof - features and benefits

The roof of the house is a structure that is located on top of the building. It gives the building a beautiful and finished look and protects from the sun's scorching rays, snow and rain. Each future owner of the house, when building it, wants the roof to endure all atmospheric hardships well. Therefore, before starting construction, it is necessary to decide which type of roof to give preference to so that it reliably protects the house.

Stages of construction of a gable roof with a do-it-yourself corner

The roof is one of the main elements of the house, along with walls and foundations. Without its proper arrangement, the house will not be strong enough and comfortable enough to live in. The result of a bad roof will be dampness, wet walls, all kinds of diseases and additional heating costs.

The preferred type of roof depends on the climate of the area, the prevailing weather conditions. The most common in our conditions are gable, fairly simple to build and maintain, and reduce the load from snow or other heavenly moisture. Aesthetics plays an important role in choosing them.

Types of gable roofs

A gable roof is a fairly simple structure consisting of two slopes connected at an angle to each other. They form something like a triangle. But with all the simplicity of this figure, triangles are different. The gable roofs also differ from each other.

The main difference between their designs is the angle of inclination. Depending on the type of building and other necessary conditions, it may vary. In addition, the angles at which the slopes are installed may differ from each other. As a result, one of the types is erected:

1. Simple symmetrical;
2. Simple asymmetrical;
3. Broken (kink can be both internal and external).

Each of the types has its positive and negative sides, forcing builders to choose one or the other, depending on the circumstances.

Simple symmetrical roof

This type of construction is undoubtedly the most common. It is the easiest option for making your own. His appearance always looks good. In the end, it is also good because under such a roof there is a lot of useful attic space.

The name of the design shows what is its distinguishing feature: the slopes form an isosceles triangle. The symmetry of this figure allows it to look proportional on any home.

Simple asymmetrical roof

The main difference from the previous version is also directly reflected in the title. The ridge of this type of roof is displaced to the side and as a result, the triangle formed by it turns from isosceles to versatile. This design looks modern, so it is well suited for houses in a modern style.

The asymmetric roof has two important features:

1. Reducing the size of the attic space;
2. Unequal load distribution.

As a result, this type of construction is good for those who need extra space for rooms that can go right up to the roof. But it requires correct calculations.

broken roof

This type of construction is the most complex, so not everyone decides to do it with their own hands. Although, in fact, it is quite possible. It's just important to make the right calculations from the start. After all, the main feature is the irregular shape, where the loads are distributed extremely unevenly.

The main advantage of a sloping roof, in addition to its diverse appearance, is that it gives a maximum of free space under it. As a result, it is possible to equip a full-fledged residential second floor, an attic. Due to this feature, it is also called the attic.

Construction of the truss system

The truss system is the basis of the roof. There are two main design solutions for gable roof rafters:

1. Laminated rafters;
2. Hanging.

The design of the gable roof truss system

The first of them is used when the house has internal supports, for example, load-bearing walls. In their absence, the hanging type is preferable.

But, no matter what type of truss system it is decided to build, anyone who wants to know how to build a roof with their own hands must understand the main structural elements. Namely:

• rafter leg or simply rafters. Rafter legs are the basis of the design of the entire system. They are placed on top, along the building, and interconnected to form a farm. Since it is they who hold the roof covering on themselves, it is also important to use durable wood here. It is desirable that it be a log or timber. Installation is carried out on the basis of pre-made calculations, since it will be very difficult to change something later;
• rafter rack. This structural element helps to distribute the load from the rafters. It is a vertical bar. Its location depends on the type of structure that the roof has and on its dimensions. If we are talking about a simple symmetrical roof with a small span, then the rack is installed in the center. If the width is large, then two are additionally placed on the sides. The asymmetric version assumes the location of this element depending on the length of the rafter, and the broken one - two on the sides. True, if there are more than one room, then in the latter case an additional rack in the center is needed;
• Run. The main task of the runs is to connect the rafters, at the same time giving them rigidity. Runs can be ridge or side. The first is located at the very top of the roof, in the region of its ridge. Make runs from timber. Sometimes boards are used. The most common is a section of 50 by 150 mm. If the run is made not only of a ridge, but of several beams or boards on the sides with a long roof, then they are supported by a stand coming from the ridge and resting on a bed. Side runs are connected to it by means of struts;
• Strut. They are a structure of beams located at a certain angle and resting on a bed. Their main task is to serve as supports for the racks. Can be diagonal or longitudinal. The latter are used most often, they are on the same plane with the rafters. At the same time, the former are necessary if there is an increased snow or wind load in the area. With it, it is also desirable to choose a strut angle of 45 degrees;
• Sill. Located at the very bottom of the structure. If possible, it is placed on an internal load-bearing wall. Its main purpose is to serve as a support for racks. Slopes are attached to it;
• puff. This element connects the rafter legs, being perpendicular to them. In parallel, it provides greater structural rigidity;
• Rigel. It also connects the rafter legs, but unlike the puff, not from below, but from above. Overlapped. They make a crossbar from a board of the same section as the rafters themselves;
• crate. This element is installed at the final stage of mounting the truss structure, since it is the basis for the coating. It consists of beams and boards, with which the rafters are connected in parallel from top to bottom. Besides the fact that it serves to fasten the roof, the crate helps to redistribute the load from it. Therefore, the distance between the elements depends on the material that will be used for coating.

A general idea of ​​the meaning of each structural element will greatly facilitate the task of building a gable roof with your own hands.

The calculation of the load on the various elements of the roof is the most important step, since the strength and safety of the structure depends on it. It must be remembered that it is the triangle that is its most rigid part.

Loads on rafters can be of three types:

1. Permanent. These are the loads that the rafters constantly feel. For example, the weight of finishing and roofing materials, battens, etc. In order to find out it is enough to add up all these weights. Usually the constant load is about 40 kg/sq.m.;
2. Variables. They act at different times with different strengths. These include, for example, wind. In order to calculate the wind load or the load from precipitation, you need to look into the SNiP;
3. Special. We are talking about loads associated with increased seismic activity.

When calculating the load exerted by snow, its weight is multiplied by a set correction factor that takes into account wind pressure. A coefficient of dependence on the angle of inclination of the roof is also introduced - the lower it is, the greater the load. At an angle exceeding 60 degrees, it is not taken into account.

Tilt angle

The correct calculation of the angle of inclination depends on some features. First, a lot depends on the material chosen. So, ondulin, corrugated board, metal tiles, slate require an angle of 20–45 degrees. A soft roof - up to 20 degrees.

Secondly, the angle of inclination depends on the climate in which the roof is being built. If there is little rainfall, then you can make it insignificant. And with a large number - on the contrary. But, it is worth remembering that large angles are subject to large wind loads.

Rafter length

Calculating the length of the rafters is not particularly difficult. It is based on the Pythagorean theorem. The length of the rafter is taken as the hypotenuse of the triangle. And the role of the legs is played by the height of the roof and half the width of the house. To the value obtained, it is worth adding a few tens of centimeters for washing down.

Step of rafter legs

Their choice depends on the weight of the structure used to cover the roof and the material used. Usually it varies between 60-100 cm.

Rafter section

Calculation of the correct required section of the rafters is one of the most important points, since this indicator greatly affects the reliability of the structure. This takes into account:

• Loads;
• Rafter length;
• Rafter step;
• material used;
• The type of wood used in the construction of the house.

The higher the pitch of the rafter legs, the higher the cross section.

Types of truss systems

There are two main types of rafter systems, from which they choose when erecting a gable roof. We are talking about hanging and layered and rafters. Each of the types is designed for different structures.

Hanging structure

Hanging are designed for small houses, whose width does not exceed 6–6.5 linear meters. They are not suitable for houses with a wide roof. Also, they are not used where there is an average load-bearing wall.

Design features

A feature of the design of hanging rafters is that they rest on two extreme load-bearing walls. As a result, the system is under a strong influence of the bursting force. If necessary, it is reduced with the help of a crossbar fastened at the bottom.

Mauerlat mount

The design feature of the hanging rafters dictates how they are attached to the "foundation" of the entire system - the Mauerlat. The only mounting option is to use a node with a zero degree of freedom. Hinges, for example, cannot be used.

Layered system

Laminated rafters are the only option when it comes to a large roof. But they need either the presence of an internal load-bearing wall, or specially installed intermediate supports. Parallel to the Mauerlat, a bed is laid, which takes on part of the load from the structure.

Differences between hanging and layered rafters

Hanging rafters do not require intermediate supports or an internal load-bearing wall, but their bursting force greatly affects the structure. At the same time, due to the fact that they also rest on a bed in the middle, layered rafters are lighter, including assembly. They are better suited for large roofs.

Do-it-yourself gable roof device

As already noted, the gable roof is especially popular due to the fact that its design allows you to build it yourself. Which is naturally quite attractive for those who like to build themselves or want to save a lot.

The construction of a gable roof structure consists of several large stages, each of which is important to perform correctly. In this case, the roof will stand for a long time and will not collapse.

Installation and fastening of the Mauerlat

Formally, a gable roof can be made without a Mauerlat. In this case, the rafters will rest on the floor beams. But this is not recommended for one simple but important reason - the beams will have to take on the additional load from the roof.

A Mauerlat is installed along the wall on which the rafters will rest, parallel to the ridge of the house, as shown in the photo.

Mauerlat

Mauerlat connection

The ends of the bars that will be connected are cut down at an angle of 90 degrees. After the ends are applied to each other, they are fastened with bolts and only with them. It is important not to use any other material instead of bolts, such as nails or wire.

Mounting methods for the Mauerlat are based on the fact that it is installed on top of the wall. At the same time, it can be located both strictly in the center of the wall, and with an offset to one of the edges. But it is important to keep a distance of five centimeters to the outer edge.

A layer of waterproofing is placed between the wall and the timber. A simple roofing material is suitable for this.

This will protect the wood from the influence of moisture that can get on the walls. The mount itself must be as strong as possible, because it will have to withstand the wind load. There are several ways to fix the Mauerlat to the wall.

The methods of attaching the Mauerlat to the walls largely depend on what material the house is built from.

• If the building is erected from a monolith, then anchor bolts are the best solution;
• If the house is being built from timber, then wooden dowels are the usual solution. They can be reinforced with additional fasteners;
• A fairly common mounting option are staples. They are loved because they are quite versatile, although they are not the most durable solution;
• If the building was erected from porous materials, such as foam concrete, then mounting the Mauerlat on the reinforcement would be the right choice;
• Hinged fastening, due to the fact that it is sliding, is suitable primarily for those houses that are built from materials that give noticeable shrinkage;
• As an additional fastener, you can use a strong, for example, knitting, wire. It does not apply as a standalone option.

The right choice of fasteners will make it possible to survive the blows of even the strongest winds.

Installation of rafters and racks

There are two options for assembling the rafter legs. They can be assembled either from above, on the roof, or below, on the ground. The second option is easier to do with your own hands, but it takes more time. The second will require the use of mechanisms, since it is difficult to lift the structure of the truss system up manually.

But, one way or another, the manufacture of rafters must be done strictly according to the markup. For this, special templates are well suited, which are made of plywood after all calculations have been made.

Rafter attachment scheme

Before attaching the rafter legs to the Mauerlat, they must be washed down. Only rafters can be sawn, since such procedures on the Mauerlat weaken it. Three nails are used for fastening. Two of them are hammered along the edges, and the third must be driven through the upper plane of the structure in the center. Thanks to the use of three nails driven in this way, the rafter leg is well attracted to the Mauerlat and does not move.

As for the top attachment of the rafters to each other, there are three main ways to do this.

1. Without support bar. Rafters can be spliced ​​end-to-end or overlap. In the first case, the ends are cut so that equal angles are formed. After applying the ends to each other, they are connected using a metal or wooden plank. In addition, a nail is driven in at the top. When overlapping, the ends are cut as needed and connected with bolts;
2. Using a support bar. This method is necessary when it comes to a large roof. The rafters at the ridge are also fastened end-to-end or overlapped, but in addition they rest on a beam, which in turn also serves as a support for the racks;
3. Cutting method. It involves cutting the rafter legs into the support beam.

The ridge support is mounted after the two extreme rafter legs are installed. Then there is the fastening of the racks. And then, the remaining rafters. You can see all this in a photo or video.

Insulation and water protection

Proper insulation and waterproofing are very important in the domestic climate. Especially when it comes to the roof, which is constantly and strongly affected by the environment. And the moisture that accumulates in the house itself also rises to the attic in the form of steam.

Based on the foregoing, it is important to choose a heater that has the function of vapor barrier. Otherwise, its type does not matter. But, with regard to waterproofing, then its rolled types are considered the most suitable. For example, a special film. It can be easily laid directly on the rafters. How this is done can be seen in the video.

Lathing installation

The crate is mounted last, but it plays an important role.

Without it, it is inconvenient to move along the roof, and the roofing material presses unnecessarily on the rafters. In addition, it makes it possible for an air cushion to appear between the roofing material and the insulation.

The design of the lathing and its step depend on what material will be laid on the roof.

1. The lattice crate is laid under slate, tile or metal tile, corrugated board. In the case of metal tiles, the distance should be 350 mm, and for slate and corrugated board - 400 mm;
2. A solid crate is used for soft types of coverage.

Lathing installation

They make it from a bar or board, and if we are talking about soft - from plywood, OSB sheets or the same board. They are laid on a beam located along the rafters, as shown in the photo and video.

Roof area calculation

A gable roof often has a simple shape, so calculating its area is not difficult. But this is extremely important to do exactly, because the consumption of materials depends on the knowledge of the area.

Roof area calculation

When calculating the roof area, for this, in order not to get confused, you should not pay attention to the parameters of various ventilation openings, skylights or chimneys. It is enough just to find out the height from the ceiling to the ridge and the length of the ridge run. These parameters are multiplied. If the roof area is divided by the sine of the angle of inclination of the rafter, then you can find out the area of ​​\u200b\u200bone slope.

Typical parameters

A design feature that distinguishes a gable roof is that it can be divided into separate standard parts. By calculating the area of ​​each such element, separately and adding everything together, you can get the desired value of the amount of materials.

Since the roof is made with a slope, you need to know its angle.

The cosine of an angle is needed to determine the exact area of ​​\u200b\u200balmost all elements.

Typical elements are the legs of the rafters, which form the basis of the trusses. In addition to them, there are braces, struts, supports, runs.

Roofing: selection and installation

Installation of roofing is the final stage of work. But it is preceded by the choice of a suitable material. Nowadays, manufacturers offer a huge selection of roofing materials, each of which has its pros and cons. The choice is always up to the consumer and depends on his aesthetic preferences, financial possibilities and climate.

• Natural tiles. This is a very beautiful, traditional, but at the same time expensive material. Its high price is offset by a very long service life, unless of course it is specially beaten or it is affected by extremely adverse weather conditions;
• Metallic coating. Such a roof is also a fairly traditional solution. Today, manufacturers offer many options for metal sheets for the roof, which differ not only in strength, but also in appearance;
• Wooden roof. A shingle or spindle roof undoubtedly has many aesthetic merits. But it is quite expensive and without special treatment is prone to rotting;
• Bulk coating. It is considered quite inexpensive and reliable. Belongs to the category of soft coatings. The disadvantage is that it can only be used on roofs with not very steep slopes.

The installation of each type of material is carried out in its own way and different fasteners are used for them. Information can be obtained from the video or from the manufacturer. After mounted cornice overhangs.

Fastening parts

The ability to properly fix the smallest details is the most important in making a roof with your own hands. There are several basic methods for connecting and fastening parts of a roof structure.

So, the groove connection is used by fastening the diagonal parts. If we are talking about connecting perpendicular elements, then it is suitable only for those of them where strength is not so important.

Metal corners and plates are also quite popular. They have good durability. But the disadvantage is the danger that some screws will turn out from the loads. To minimize risks, a combined fastening method is used.

gable roof cost

The cost varies greatly from whether the roof is made by hand or with the help of craftsmen. In the latter case, it will come out much more expensive and the price can reach several hundred thousand. In the first case, the main costs will go to materials.

The total cost of the design includes:

• materials;
• Mauerlat installation;
• Installation of the truss system;
• Installation of waterproofing;
• Installation of the crate;
• Roof installation.

Performing any of these elements with your own hands reduces the cost of construction.

Pediment sheathing

The pediment is a prominent part of the house. Therefore, it is customary to use attractive materials for its sheathing. It can be a board to match the roof, plywood or siding. In the case of wooden houses, the pediment can be cut in advance. More about this in the video.

The gable roof, due to the simplicity and accessibility of the design, which allows you to arrange it, including with your own hands, has become a truly universal solution. Knowledge of individual features will make it easy to avoid the main problems during its construction.

How to make a gable roof with your own hands

Types of gable roofs. Construction of the truss system. Required calculations. Stages of construction of a gable roof. Price.

A gable roof or gable roof is a roof with two slopes, i.e. having 2 inclined surfaces (slopes) of a rectangular shape.

The gable roof frame, due to its design features, ideally combines ease of installation and maintenance with reliability and durability. These and many other parameters make the construction of a gable roof a practical and rational solution for private and commercial housing construction.

In this article, we will consider how to make a gable roof truss system with your own hands. For effective perception of the material, it is presented in the form of a step-by-step instruction from A to Z, from selection and calculations, to installation of a Mauerlat and a crate under the roof. Each stage is accompanied by tables, diagrams, drawings, drawings and photos.

The popularity of the roof with a house is due to a number of advantages:

• design variability;
• simplicity in calculations;
• natural flow of water;
• the integrity of the design reduces the likelihood of leaks;
• profitability;
• preservation of the useful area of ​​​​the attic or the possibility of arranging an attic;
• high maintainability;
• strength and wear resistance.

Types of gable roof

The installation of a gable roof truss system depends primarily on its design.

There are several options for gable roofs (types, types):

1. Simple gable roof - symmetrical

Simple gable roof - symmetrical The most common version of the roof device due to its simplicity and reliability. Due to the symmetry, a uniform distribution of loads on the load-bearing walls and the Mauerlat is achieved. The type and thickness of the insulation do not affect the choice of material.

The cross section of the beam makes it possible to provide a margin of bearing capacity. There is no possibility of bending the rafters. Supports and spacers can be placed almost anywhere.

A clear drawback is the impossibility of arranging a full-fledged attic floor. Due to sharp corners, “blind” zones appear that are unsuitable for use.

2. Simple asymmetrical gable roof

Simple asymmetric gable roofThe arrangement of one angle of more than 45 ° leads to a decrease in the amount of unused area. There is an opportunity to make living rooms under the roof. At the same time, the requirements for the calculation are increasing, because. the load on the walls and foundation will be distributed unevenly.

3. Broken gable roof, with external and / or internal fracture

Broken gable roof, with an external and / or internal break Such a roof construction allows you to equip a full-fledged second floor under the roof.

Naturally, a simple gable truss roof differs from a broken one, not only visually. The main difficulty lies in the complexity of the calculations.

The design of the gable roof truss system

Building a roof of any complexity with your own hands involves knowledge of the purpose of the main structural elements.

The locations of the elements are shown in the photo.

Elements of the truss system of a gable roof Elements of the gable roof truss system - scheme 2
Elements of the gable roof truss system - scheme 3

• Mauerlat. Designed to distribute the load from the truss system to the load-bearing walls of the building. For the arrangement of the Mauerlat, a beam of durable wood is selected. Preferably larch, pine, oak. The cross section of the beam depends on its type - solid or glued, as well as on the estimated century of construction. The most popular sizes are 100x100, 150x150 mm.

  Advice. For a metal truss system, the Mauerlat must also be metal. For example, a channel or an I-profile.

• rafter leg. The main element of the system. For the manufacture of rafter legs, a durable beam or log is used. The legs connected from above form a farm.

The silhouette of the roof truss determines the appearance of the structure. Examples of farms in the photo.

Roof truss options

Rafter parameters are important. They will be discussed below.

• puff- connects the rafter legs and gives them rigidity.

• Run:

• Skate run, mounted at the junction of one rafter to another. In the future, a roof ridge will be installed on it.

• Side runs, they provide the truss with additional rigidity. Their number and size depend on the load on the system.

• Rafter rack- vertically located beam. It also takes on part of the load from the weight of the roof. In a simple gable roof, it is usually located in the center. With a significant span width - in the center and on the sides. In an asymmetrical gable roof - the installation location depends on the length of the rafters. With a sloping roof and the arrangement of one room in the attic attic, the racks are located on the sides, leaving free space for movement. If there are supposed to be two rooms, the racks are located in the center and on the sides.

The location of the rack depending on the length of the roof is shown in the figure.

Location of the rack depending on the length of the roof

• Strut. Serves as a support for the rack.

Advice. Installing the brace at an angle of 45° significantly reduces the risk of deformation from wind and snow loads.

In regions with a significant wind and snow load, not only longitudinal struts (located in the same plane with the rafter pair) are installed, but also diagonal ones.

• Sill. Its purpose is to serve as a support for the rack and a place for attaching the strut.

• crate. It is intended for movement during construction works and fixing of roofing material. It is installed perpendicular to the rafter legs.

Advice. An important purpose of the crate is to redistribute the load from the roofing material to the truss system.

The presence of a drawing and a diagram indicating the location of all the listed structural elements will help in the work.

Advice. Be sure to add data on the passage of the ventilation shaft and chimney to the scheme of the gable roof truss system.

The technology of their device is determined by the type of roof.

The choice of material for rafters

When calculating the material for a gable roof, you need to choose high-quality wood without damage and wormholes. The presence of knots for beams, Mauerlat and rafters is not allowed.

For boards, there should be a minimum of knots, and they should not fall out. Wood must be durable and treated with the necessary preparations that will enhance its properties.

Advice. The length of the knot should not exceed 1/3 of the thickness of the timber.

Calculation of the truss system of a gable roof

The calculation of material parameters is an important stage, so we present the calculation algorithm step by step.

Calculation of the rafter system It is important to know: the entire truss system consists of many triangles, as the most rigid element. In turn, if the slopes have a different shape, i.e. are an irregular rectangle, then you need to divide it into separate components and calculate the load and the amount of materials for each. After calculations, summarize the data.

1. Calculation of the load on the truss system

The load on the rafters can be of three types:

• Permanent loads. Their action will always be felt by the truss system. Such loads include the weight of the roof, lathing, insulation, films, additional elements of the roof, finishing materials for the attic floor. The weight of the roof is the sum of the weight of all its constituent elements, it is easier to take into account such a load. On average, the value of the constant load on the rafters is 40-45 kg / sq.m.

Advice. To make the margin of safety for the rafter system, it is better to add 10% to the calculation.

For reference: The weight of some roofing materials per 1 sq.m. presented in the table

Advice. It is desirable that the weight of the roofing material per 1 sq.m. roof area, did not exceed 50 kg.

• Variable loads. They operate at different times and with different strengths. Such loads include: wind load and its strength, snow load, precipitation intensity.

In fact, the roof slope is like a sail and, given the wind load, the entire roof structure can be destroyed.

Wind load on the roof

The calculation is carried out according to the formula: wind load is equal to the indicator for the region, multiplied by the correction factor. These indicators are contained in the SNiP "Loads and Impacts" and are determined not only by the region, but also by the location of the house. For example, a private house surrounded by high-rise buildings has fewer loads. A detached country house or cottage is experiencing increased wind loads.

2. Calculation of the snow load on the roof

The calculation of the roof for snow load is carried out according to the formula:

The total snow load is equal to the weight of the snow multiplied by the correction factor. The coefficient takes into account wind pressure and aerodynamic influence.

The weight of snow, which falls on 1 sq.m. roof area (according to SNiP 2.01.07-85) is in the range of 80-320 kg / sq.m.

The coefficients showing the dependence on the slope angle are shown in the photo.

The scheme for calculating the snow load on the roof

Nuance. With a slope angle of more than 60 ° snow load does not affect the calculation. Since the snow will quickly slide down and will not affect the strength of the timber.

• Special loads. Accounting for such loads is carried out in places with high seismic activity, tornadoes, storm winds. For our latitudes, it is enough to make a safety margin.

Nuance. The simultaneous action of many factors causes a synergy effect. This is worth considering (see photo).

Assessment of the condition and bearing capacity of walls and foundations

It should be borne in mind that the roof has a significant weight that can harm the rest of the building.

Determination of the roof configuration:

• simple symmetrical;
• simple asymmetric;
• broken line.

The more complex the shape of the roof, the greater the number of roof trusses and sub-rafter elements is needed to create the necessary margin of safety.

3. Calculation of the angle of the roof

The angle of inclination of a gable roof is determined primarily by the roofing material. After all, each of them puts forward their own requirements.

• soft roof - 5-20 °;
• metal tile, slate, corrugated board, ondulin - 20-45 °.

It should be noted that increasing the angle increases the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe space under the roof, but also the amount of material. What affects the overall cost of work.

Calculation of the angle of the roof

Nuance. The minimum slope angle of a gable roof must be at least 5°.

5. Calculation of the pitch of the rafters

The pitch of the rafters of a gable roof for residential buildings can be from 60 to 100 cm. The choice depends on the roofing material and the weight of the roof structure. Then the number of rafter legs is calculated by dividing the length of the slope by the distance between the rafter pairs plus 1. The resulting number determines the number of legs per slope. For the second number, you need to multiply by 2.

6. Calculation of the length of the roof rafters

The length of the rafters for the attic roof is calculated using the Pythagorean theorem.

Parameter "a"(roof height) is set independently. Its value determines the possibility of arranging a dwelling under the roof, the convenience of being in the attic, the consumption of material for the construction of the roof.

Parameter "b" equal to half the width of the building.

Parameter "c" is the hypotenuse of the triangle.

Advice. To the value obtained, you need to add 60-70 cm for sawing and taking the rafter leg out of the wall.

It should be noted that the maximum length of the beam is 6 r.m. Therefore, if necessary, the timber for the rafters can be spliced ​​(building, joining, joining).

The method of splicing the rafters along the length is shown in the photo.

Methods for splicing rafters along the length

The width of the rafters for the roof depends on the distance between opposite load-bearing walls.

7. Calculation of the section of the rafters

The cross section of the gable roof rafters depends on several factors:

• load, we already wrote about it;

• type of material used. For example, a log can withstand one load, a beam - another, a glued beam - a third;

• rafter leg length;

• type of wood used in construction;

• distance between rafters (rafter pitch).

You can determine the cross section of the beam for the rafters, knowing the distance between the rafters and the length of the rafters, using the data below.

Rafter cross section - table

Advice. The larger the installation step of the rafters, the greater the load on one rafter pair. So, the cross section of the rafters needs to be increased.

Dimensions of lumber (beams and boards) for a gable truss system:

• thickness (section) of the Mauerlat - 10x10 or 15x15 cm;

• the thickness of the rafter leg and puffs is 10x15 or 10x20 cm. Sometimes a beam of 5x15 or 5x20 cm is used;

• run and strut - 5x15 or 5x20. Depending on the width of the leg;

• rack - 10x10 or 10x15;

• lying down - 5x10 or 5x15 (depending on the width of the rack);

• thickness (section) of the roof lathing - 2x10, 2.5x15 (depending on the roofing material).

Types of gable roof truss system

For the considered roof structure, there are 2 options: layered and hanging rafters.

Types of roof system: with layered and hanging rafters

Consider each type in detail in order to make an informed choice.

hanging rafters

They are used with a roof width of not more than 6 r.m. The installation of hanging rafters is carried out by attaching the legs to the load-bearing wall and the ridge run. The design of hanging rafters is special in that the rafter legs are under the influence of a bursting force. Hanging rafters with a puff installed between the legs can reduce its influence. The puff in the truss system can be wooden or metal. Often puffs are placed at the bottom, then they play the role of load-bearing beams. It is important to ensure that the puff is securely fastened to the rafter leg. Because a bursting force is also transmitted to it.

Advice.
The higher the puff is located, the greater the strength it should have.
If the puff is not installed, the load-bearing walls can simply “disperse” from the pressure created by the truss system.

Rafters

They are used in the arrangement of roofs of any size. The design of the layered rafters provides for the presence of a bed and a rack. Lying lying parallel to the Mauerlat takes on part of the load. Thus, the rafter legs seem to be inclined towards each other and are supported by the rack. The rafter legs of the layered system work only for bending. And the ease of installation also tips the scales in their favor. The only downside is the stand.

Combined

Due to the fact that modern roofs are distinguished by a large variety of shapes and complexity of configurations, a combined type of truss system is used.

Combined view of the truss system

After choosing the type of truss system, you can accurately calculate the amount of materials. Record the calculation results. At the same time, professionals recommend drawing up drawings for each element of the roof.

Installation of a gable roof truss system

After the gable roof rafters are calculated, installation can begin. We break the process into stages and give a description of each of them. You will get a kind of step-by-step instruction containing additional information on each stage.

1. Attaching the Mauerlat to the wall

The beam is installed along the length of the wall on which the rafters will rest.

In log cabins, the role of the Mauerlat is played by the upper crown. In buildings built from porous material (aerated concrete, foam concrete) or brick, the Mauerlat is installed along the entire length of the load-bearing wall. In other cases, it can be installed between the rafter legs.

The material was prepared for the site www.moydomik.net

Splicing Mauerlat to each other (straight lock with bolts) Since the length of the Mauerlat exceeds the standard sizes of lumber, it has to be spliced.

The connection of the Mauerlat with each other is done as shown in the figure.

How to connect the Mauerlat?

Washed down the bars is made only at an angle of 90 °. Connections are made using bolts. Nails, wire, wooden dowels are not used.

How to fix the Mauerlat?

The Mauerlat is installed on top of the wall. Mounting technology provides for several ways to mount the Mauerlat:

• strictly in the center of the bearing wall;
• offset to one side.

Advice.
Mauerlat cannot be placed closer than 5 cm to the outer edge of the wall.

To protect the timber for the Mauerlat from damage, it is laid on a layer of waterproofing material, which most often acts as an ordinary roofing material.

The reliability of fastening the Mauerlat is an important aspect of construction. This is due to the fact that the roof slope is like a sail. That is, it experiences a strong wind load. Therefore, the Mauerlat must be firmly fixed to the wall.

Methods for attaching the Mauerlat to the wall and rafters

Mauerlat fastenings with anchorsAnchor bolts. Ideal for monolithic construction.

Mauerlat fastenings with wooden dowelsWooden dowels. Are used for fellings from a log and a bar. But, they are always used with additional fasteners.

Mauerlat fastenings with brackets. Staples.

Mauerlat mounts on studs or fittingsStud or fittings. It is used if the cottage is built of porous materials (aerated concrete, foam concrete).

Mauerlat mounts with a sliding mountSliding mount (hinged). The bundle in this way allows you to ensure the displacement of the rafter legs when the house shrinks.

Mauerlat fastenings with wire Annealed wire (knitting, steel). It is used as an additional fastening in most cases.

2. Production of roof trusses or pairs

Installation is carried out in two ways:

• installation of bars directly on the roof. It is not used often, since it is problematic to perform all the work, measurements, trimming at a height. But it allows you to completely do the installation yourself;

• assembly on the ground. That is, individual elements (triangles or pairs) for the truss system can be assembled at the bottom, and then raised to the roof. The advantage of such a system is faster work at height. And the disadvantage is that the weight of the assembled roof truss structure can be significant. To lift it, you need special equipment.

Advice. Before assembling the rafter legs, you need to mark up. It is very convenient to use templates for this purpose. The truss pairs assembled according to the template will be exactly the same. To make a template, you need to take two boards, the length of each of which is equal to the length of one rafter, and are interconnected.

3. Installation of rafter legs

The collected pairs rise up and are installed on the Mauerlat. To do this, at the bottom of the rafter legs, you need to make a drink.

Advice. Since the slots on the Mauerlat will weaken it, you can only cut down on the rafter leg. To wash down was the same and fit snugly to the base, you need to use a template. It is cut out of plywood.

Methods for attaching the rafter leg are shown in the figure.

Methods for attaching the rafter leg

You need to start installing rafter pairs from opposite ends of the roof.

Advice. To properly install the rafter legs, it is better to use temporary struts and struts.

A twine is stretched between the rafter pairs. A twine is stretched between the fixed pairs. It will simplify the installation of subsequent rafter pairs. And also, will indicate the level of the skate.

If the rafter system is mounted directly on the roof of the house, then after installing the two extreme rafter legs, the ridge support is installed. Further, half of the rafter pairs are attached to it.

It is worth noting that the opinions of professionals differ on this issue. Some advise using a staggered mounting order, which will evenly distribute the increasing load on the walls and foundation more evenly. This order involves the installation of one rafter in a checkerboard pattern. After part of the rafter legs is installed, the missing parts of the pair are mounted. Others insist that you need to do a consistent installation of each pair. Depending on the size of the structure and the configuration of the truss, the reinforcement of the rafter legs is carried out with props and racks.

Fixing with rafter brackets Nuance. Additional structural elements are connected by cutting. It is preferable to fix them with building brackets.

If necessary, you can lengthen the rafter leg.

Methods for splicing rafter legs are shown in the photo.

Methods for splicing rafter legs

Advice. The method by which the Mauerlat is lengthened (washed down at 90 °) cannot be used in this case. This will weaken the rafter.

4. Installing the gable roof ridge

The ridge knot of the roof is made by connecting the rafter legs at the top.

Roof ridge device:

• Method without using a support bar (see fig.).

Installation of the roof ridge without the use of a support beam

• A method using a rafter bar. Timber is needed for large roofs. In the future, it can become a support for the rack.

• The method of laying on the beam.

Installing the roof ridge by laying on the timber
Installing the roof ridge by laying on the timber

• A more modern version of the manufacture of the ridge knot can be considered the method shown in the photo.

Method for making a ridge knot

• Cutting method.

Installation of the roof ridge by cutting

After the truss system is installed, we make a major fixing of all structural elements.

5. Mounting the roof sheathing

The crate is mounted in any case, and is designed for more convenient movement along the roof during work, as well as for fixing roofing material.

The step of the lathing depends on the type of roofing material, for example:

• under the metal tile - 350 mm (the distance between the two lower boards of the crate should be 300 mm).
• under corrugated board and slate - 440 mm.
• under the soft roof we lay a continuous crate.

Rafter system of a gable roof with an attic - video:

Conclusion

As you can see, despite the seeming simplicity, the installation of a gable roof truss system contains many pitfalls. But, based on the above recommendations, you can easily build a reliable structure with your own hands.

Tags: Roof Gable roof Rafter

Fantasy games or invaluable benefits?

Advantages and disadvantages of pitched roofs

Uniqueness and design

Profitable architecture

And many more valuable advantages:

Elemental resistance

The real "salvation" for the attic

To make or not to make such a roof?

Types of structures of pitched roofs

Overview of the most successful projects and examples of construction

Different angle of inclination, but equal length of slopes

Different lengths of slopes, but one angle of inclination

Another project:

Slopes of various shapes and lengths

The most unusual gable-sloping roofs

Gable roof with an offset in the center of the ridge

How to build a gable roof with different slopes

Calculation of a pitched roof

Distribution of loads on slopes

If your architect is against

A gable roof is a popular roofing option for residential buildings. The design of such a structure can be of various types, but each option has certain features.

Features of the gable roof device

A gable roof has two slope planes, which may have equal or different areas. Depending on this, the type of roof is determined, but in any case, a gable roof is the simplest of the options in demand in the construction of private houses.

Gable roofs are beautiful and practical to use

The design of a gable roof includes a complex of elements that ensure the reliability and protection of the building. When constructing such a roof, the following details are required:

• rafters, consisting of rafter legs, uprights and inclined struts;
• mauerlat, which is a row of timber that serves to connect walls and roofs;
• ridge - is formed by connecting the rafter legs and represents the uppermost edge of the roof;
• filly - are additional elements that lengthen the rafter legs;
• lying in the form of a horizontal bar, needed to distribute the load;
• roof overhang, which protects the walls of the building from moisture, preventing drips;
• crate - required for the installation of insulation, roofing material, vapor and waterproofing.

The design of the gable roof is simple and does not have a lot of weight

Each main element of the roof performs a specific function. For example, the truss system is the basis for external roofing material, insulation, hydro and vapor barrier. The rafters create the shape of the roof, and the gable roof is presented in the form of a triangle. Vertical racks, scramble, run and other details complete the truss system and make it reliable. The basis of all this is the mauerlat, which serves to connect the roof to the walls of the building.

Types of gable roofs

The planes of a gable roof are connected at an angle, forming a triangle. Depending on the angle of fixation, different roof options are obtained. Each type of gable roof is characterized by certain features, for example, the shape and size of the slopes.

The classic gable roof allows you to create an attic in the attic

Symmetrical or simple gable roof

The classic version of a gable roof is a symmetrical design, the slopes of which have the same area and length. The angle of connection of the planes can be different. For example, steep slopes allow you to create an attic in the attic. In this case, the slope angle is 35-40 degrees.

In a symmetrical design, the slopes have the same area

A symmetrical roof has the shape of an isosceles triangle, and the length of the base can be different. The construction of such a design assumes the presence of all the main elements of the truss system. In this case, the weight of the roof is evenly distributed on two walls that serve as a direct support for the slopes.

Asymmetrical simple roof

The asymmetrical roof has two slopes of different sizes. Thus, the upper rib is displaced from the middle to one of the sides. As a result, a roof is formed in the form of a triangle with unequal sides.

Designing an asymmetric roof requires an accurate calculation of the load on the walls

A roof with unequal sides looks modern and is suitable for various design styles, such as modern. The attic space under such a roof is smaller than with a symmetrical design. The design involves a strict and accurate calculation of the load on the walls, since one side of the roof carries a greater load than the other.

Double-slope sloping roof structure

A broken structure with an internal or external break angle is the most difficult option. Self-construction of such a roof is extremely difficult and requires professional calculation of all parameters. This is due to the fact that when designing a broken roof, it is important to determine the angle of the break, the load, the parameters of the truss system at the place of curvature.

The broken roof looks spectacular and is suitable for wooden or brick houses.

A roof with an internal or external fracture needs not only an accurate calculation of the slope of the slopes, but also proper operation. In winter, large amounts of snow can accumulate on the upper slopes, which should be removed in a timely manner. A sloping roof allows you to create a spacious attic room, which is especially important with an external break in the surface. In this case, the height of the attic ceiling is quite comfortable.

Photo gallery: options for gable roofs

Sectional gable roof

During the design process, a sectional drawing of the roof structure is created. This allows you to display all the features of the structure, indicate the internal elements and their dimensions.

The scheme greatly simplifies construction

A detailed drawing greatly simplifies the construction, allows you to take into account all the features of the structure. The sectional roof design assumes a clear outline, displaying both external and internal elements.

Advantages and disadvantages of gable roofs

Gable roofs of symmetrical type are simple, practical and convenient. Comparison of such structures with other options allows you to determine the pros and cons of gable structures. For example, hipped or hipped roofs allow you to get a spacious attic space than two symmetrical inclined planes. At the same time, the design of multi-slope options is more time-consuming than the creation of a simple symmetrical design.

The more slopes, the more difficult the design

If we compare gable roofs with other types of roofs, we can distinguish the following main advantages:

• simple design and construction;
• easy care, quick precipitation;
• quick installation of roofing;
• the minimum number of joints, edges and connections;

A roof with two slopes allows you to create a fairly spacious attic space, but at the same time the ceiling height in the attic is small in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe slopes. Therefore, to equip a comfortable living space, a hip roof is often built. And also a gable design requires the correct calculation of the load on the two main walls on which the inclined surfaces rest. This avoids skewing the roof of a symmetrical type.

Features of structural elements

A gable roof does not require the creation of particularly complex foundation systems and other elements. To build a reliable and durable roof, it is enough to take into account the features of the main components of the rafter and Mauerlat system. The first component of the roof includes a complex of elements that ensure the strength of the structure. Mauerlat is the base of the roof, to which the rafters are attached, resting on the walls.

The project includes drawings that show the connection features of important elements

Rafter system options

Rafter systems can be hanging and layered. The main difference between these types lies in the method of attaching the rafters to the Mauerlat, as well as in other features. Hanging roof rafters with two slopes rest on the side walls, creating a bursting force. As a result of this, the supporting walls are subjected to increased load, and to eliminate the negative impact, the rafter legs are connected with a special puff. Thus, the load on the load-bearing walls is reduced.

The diagram shows the main elements of hanging rafters, which must be built during the construction of the roof

Additional tightening, equipped from above, helps to ensure the strength of the hanging system. At the same time, a distance of 50 cm from the rib or ridge of a gable roof is observed. Hanging systems are optimal when the distance between the outer load-bearing walls is not more than 10 m. In this case, there should be no internal load-bearing wall. Thus, hanging structures will be reliable and provide protection for the house.

The design of hanging rafters is simple, but the calculation of the load on the walls is necessary

A layered version of the rafters is created when there is another load-bearing wall between the outer walls. In this case, there is a support beam that transfers the weight of the roof to the supporting structures. Instead of an inner wall, columns may be present. At the same time, different types of rafters alternate, that is, layered elements rest on the columns, and hanging ones are mounted between the supporting elements.

The drawing allows you to determine the features of the rafters for different buildings

The rafters are supported by a ridge beam and a Mauerlat. In this case, the load is distributed not only on these elements, but also on the internal load-bearing structures.

The main stages of installation

Before the installation of the roof, drawings and design documentation are prepared, which are used in construction. The drawings indicate the dimensions of the main elements, the type of their connection and other important points. Further, a complex of works is carried out, which includes the following main stages:

1. Mauerlat construction on brick walls. If the walls are made of timber, then the role of the Mauerlat is performed by the upper crown, securely fixed. At this stage, waterproofing of the base for the roof is carried out.
2. When installing hanging rafters, they are assembled in advance, and then the extreme elements are mounted, and only after that the intermediate ones are fixed. The truss elements are fixed with jibs, which are removed after installation.
3. After attaching the rafter legs, filly, puffs and other components of the system are fixed.
4. Installation of the crate is carried out after the complete assembly of the rafters. Further, laying of hydro- and vapor barrier, insulation, external roofing is carried out.

Video: do-it-yourself simple gable roof

A gable roof is practical and can be quite spectacular, but its creation requires an accurate calculation of the load. It is on this that the durability and quality of the roof that protects the building from climatic influences depends.

Gable roof with different slopes: conquering the geometry of asymmetry

Are you just about to build your house, and are looking for an unusual and energy-saving project? Then it's time for you to think about the pitched roof, which is also called asymmetric or asymmetrical. This differs from a conventional roof in that its two slopes have different lengths or angles of inclination. Most often, a gable roof with different slopes is implemented when it is necessary to create a single complex from a house and an extension, although recently they have begun to forget about the classic canons of roof construction and about ordinary architectural tasks. Do you want to know why? It is interesting!

American architect Frank Lloyd once said: "Great architecture is evidence of the greatness of mankind." Indeed, the evolution of the roof from ancient times to the present time is amazing. What architects of different times did not do with the roof of a residential building!

And what forms they did not create. Although the architecture of the last century is especially surprising with its diversity, where in the pursuit of unusualness, originality and madness of ideas, simple residential buildings in projects and implementation turned into real space objects.

Sometimes the embodiment of the wild imagination of the designer did not have a single recognizable architectural element - there is no roof, walls in their classical sense, too ... And at the turn of the century, the fashion for such buildings began to decline sharply - rather because of the irrationality of the constructive solutions themselves.

But humanity has benefited from this a lot: for example, with a light heart, they moved away from the unchanged classics of roof construction, taking note of new rational ideas. As a result, they began to build really beautiful, albeit unusual, roofs of private houses. For example:

• placing one slope to the south;
• the second at a different angle, or longer, to the north;
• correctly calculating all the loads from wind and snow;
• wisely organizing the interior space of the house,

Such a builder achieves much more efficiency from his creation than if he built an ordinary two-story house under a gable roof. Those. all the minuses were reclassified as pluses, and the originality remained at its best:

As modern architects have calculated, the arrangement of just one corner above 45 degrees significantly reduces the unused area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house. And it's worth a lot.

You will be surprised, but in fact, the asymmetric roof is not so new. Even the ancient builders did not have in their arsenal modern computer programs and precise measuring instruments, as well as sufficient knowledge of stereometry. Therefore, they did not think for too long about how perfectly even the roof still needs to be made.

They used a long slingshot as the main measuring tool, and tied a cord and a plumb line to its ends. The slingshot was raised so that the plumb line pointed just to the middle of the end wall of the building. Next, the ends of the cord were stretched to the corners of the house. If necessary, the slingshot was raised higher or, conversely, lowered lower. As soon as the overhang was chosen, a special board was nailed to the wall of the house. A cord was attached to these harnesses. So it turned out a clear visual boundary of future roof slopes.

Difficulties arose just with the second slope of the roof. The fact is that it was difficult to place the second board at the same height as the first one, because for a long time in Russia houses were built from round wood. It is almost impossible to distribute such walls in one plane to the horizon. Therefore, transferring the size of one board to the second was hopeless.

For more accurate measurements, a water level was already needed. Only with the help of this tool, the horizon of the future roof turns out to be relatively even, and the ridge is placed in the center. But in most cases, especially when the construction took place in a remote rural area, the locals were not spoiled with such tools, and therefore almost everything was done by eye. And yes, the slopes at the roofs were often really different.

What is even more interesting, a truly asymmetric pitched roof was also found in Ancient Russia as a separate specific type of architecture. Basically, these could be seen in wooden houses and palaces that belonged to rich people. Then it was with the help of architecture that the importance of the wealth of the owners of such buildings was conveyed:

Therefore, local architects of that time were looking for all the ways to make the same tower differ from a simple hut. Here it was already customary to cover each log house with a separate roof, even if the buildings were built by a friend from a friend.

Each ramp was guided and wrapped in a special way, with the help of a variety of possible completions. Moreover, the log cabins themselves were built of different heights, from which the roofs were often noticeably uneven.

But we note that the often encountered razor-sloped roof, in which the slopes do not converge in one ridge from above, cannot be called a gable. It is rather two separate shed roofs, which are built separately and each according to its own rules.

What is so good about an asymmetric roof that for the sake of its benefits, many are ready to risk both the strength of the house and the durability of the roof over their own heads? Let's list them.

The asymmetric roof always looks stylish in any terrain. In our country, after so many centuries of constant construction of towed gables, any such projects are already striking, surprising and leaving an indelible impression.

Moreover, if you want to create an absolutely unique house architecture, then the easiest way to realize your crazy idea is just with the help of such a solution as different slopes.

Note that working with an asymmetrical gable roof is more pleasant and interesting for any architect. After all, now he does not need to first draw the contours of the house - a typical rectangle, and only then fit there everything that he and his customer planned. Now there are no frames: first you design the interior space of the house, make it the way you want, and the shape that your fantasy suggested to you.

Now you place a garage, a veranda, and any gazebo near the house, and you will not need to worry about building all this on more than one foundation and attaching different roofs. Now, when your project is ready on paper, you simply draw a roof on top so that it covers everything.

And many more valuable advantages:

Most often, an asymmetric roof is built when the second floor of the house is planned to be incomplete. For example, the area of ​​​​the first floor is 120 square meters, and the second - only 60. In this case, the roof covers only two or three rooms of the upper floor, and the rest of the space remains open.

Why is such construction good, and why is such a project attractive? First of all, the fact that there is already much less pressure on the foundation of such a house than that of a full-fledged two-story building. And at the same time, the foundation itself no longer needs to be built too wide, designed for extra square meters.

Often, an asymmetric roof is also used to install any necessary equipment, such as solar panels.

A pitched roof is good because with the help of such a design problems with strong winds and snowfalls are solved. The fact is that if almost the same wind direction prevails in a certain area, then it makes sense to build a pitched roof so that it has a gentler slope on the windy side, and steeper on the quieter side.

This approach solves the problem of distributing the load from wind and snow at a time, while it is usually difficult to decide whether to make a gabled roof, thus getting rid of tons of snowflakes, or flat, so that it does not blow off in the first storm.

The fact is that a typical attic under an ordinary gable roof is the most losing and looks unpleasant, even psychologically pressing. It's all about the geometry of the interior: the incomprehensible dark space under the very ridge completely deprives the impression of the attic as a living space, and the sharp slope of the slopes and sharp corners certainly do not give comfort.

Of course, modern designers are enterprising and cunning, and have already learned how to use all these shortcomings for good, arranging wardrobes, and organizing such a space as something profitable and stylish. If you look at such a ready-made interior design of such an attic, the so-called “wow effect” immediately arises and it seems that living in such an attic is a real pleasure.

But in fact, all this is mostly beautiful - only in a glossy picture, but in real life such an attic, as it turns out, has too little usable area. Therefore, a gable roof with different slopes is a much more optimal solution. Especially the roof, which has a displaced ridge.

In this case, the geometry of the attic is no longer so unusual, and one of the walls may well be even vertical if you lose some half a meter of sharp space under this slope without regret:

Some architects even recommend building asymmetric roofs for attic houses, namely, gable roofs with different slopes. So that the cornice would move forward and be a separate expressive architectural device. But, note, a gable roof with different slopes in 90% of cases is really built without an attic.

In fact, on the scales you have two aspects:

• On the first bowl: uniqueness, design and some functional advantages.
• On the second bowl: the complexity of the execution of such projects.

Therefore, decide for yourself what is more important for you: uniqueness or simplicity, and whether you are ready to make a detailed drawing for many long hours, calculate every little thing and risk, in fact, the whole building if you do not have enough experience. But in order to be proud of yourself and have extra comfortable space in the house. Let's just say: in this regard, modern developers are becoming bolder and bolder!

Note that the classic gable roof is the simplest design solution. Let's highlight the main types of pitched roofs:

• Asymmetrical. In this roof, the slopes are connected in the ridge and are located at the same angle of inclination. But at the same time, one slope can be much longer than the other, due to which such a roof is perceived as original and unusual. And sometimes the difference between the slopes is not great, and in such a roof, even at first glance, asymmetry is not visible.
• Partially broken. Such a roof differs from the classic gable roof only in that one of its slopes has a break - to cover the extension, for example. But, despite the similarity of the design with the usual one, such a load calculation is performed differently.
• asymmetrical roof. This is the most original and unusual roof, just such a roof is built when they want the room on the second floor or in the attic to be spacious, more familiar and not have dark sharp corners. In this case, one slope has a different angle of inclination and length. There are many advantages to this design, believe me.
• Asymmetrical, off center. Such a roof has almost the same design as the standard one, but its ridge is now located in the center with some offset. The length of the slope and the angles of inclination of such a roof, of course, will already be different. As a result, this design is the most surprising, but at the same time has the most valuable advantages in terms of attic space, which does not have to be modest or uncomfortable.

For example, modern houses of the Solomon project are distinguished primarily by the fact that they have a gable roof with different slopes. And the very design of residential buildings of the Solomon type is good because here you can make your own changes, refine the design and architecture of the house.

As you may have guessed, if you build a gable roof with different slopes, the architect does not have much choice: the slopes are the same, but at a different angle, the slopes are different in length, but at the same angle, their variations and the variant with an offset ridge. And each of these projects has its own advantages and disadvantages, which we will discuss separately.

In this example, the slopes have the same length, but are located at different angles: one is higher, the other is lower. This was conceived in order to place a spacious terrace on one side of the house, and a small utility block on the other. If the entire roof were as shallow as one of its slopes, then the owners of the house would have problems with the accumulation of snow. But the hozblok usually does not require a high ceiling.

Note that this option is the most sparing for designing a pitched roof and it almost does not exert different pressure on the foundation. And here's how to build a gable roof with different angles of inclination of slopes of the same length:

The only disadvantage of this option is the design. Believe me, it is much easier to calculate the slopes that are at the same angle of inclination, and it is much easier to attach them to the ridge.

In this embodiment, one of the slopes is slightly or significantly longer than the other. Like in this example:

Here one of the slopes is much longer than the other, thanks to which the roof covered not only the house, but also the adjacent veranda. And at the same time, the long slope itself relies not only on the house, but also on the extension, due to which the balance in the load from the roof is maintained.

Here is another good example of the construction of such a roof, however, the longer slope here no longer covers the extension, but part of the house itself:

Another project:

But in this project, the roof of the house on one side has the same slopes, and on the other it is already different:

But this option is more rational in terms of evenly distributing the load on the walls of the house, because thanks to the break, there is no longer one bursting force of the truss system:

Please note that under refraction, such a roof has additional props. And keep in mind that any breaks are always the most problematic places on the roof.

Such pitched roof projects no longer belong to those listed above due to their non-standard. But these are rare:

In this project, the whole point was to make a stylish and unusual room on the second floor instead of a typical corner attic. Interesting idea, don't you agree? Such cut floors exert half the pressure on the foundation, and therefore much less money needs to be spent on its construction (as well as on heating the whole house). And the foundation, as you know, costs at least 30% of the cost of building the entire house in the estimate.

And another project as an example, with one broken slope:

It’s already more difficult to deal with the skate, but everything is doable:

But it is especially necessary to carefully design the load from a displaced ridge on a timber structure. After all, the walls settle quite strongly in the first year, up to 15%, and therefore it is important to prevent the entire roof from skewing later:

So, as you already understood, a roof with different slopes is quite complex in its structure. Why is that? The fact is that such a roof rarely has a ridge in the center and, as a result, the slopes do not transfer the load evenly. That is why the architect, when working with such projects, has to carefully calculate the truss system, and with completely different formulas than usual.

So, for example, the central load will no longer come from the ridge itself, and therefore the subcortex will have to be placed a little to the side. But, at its core, the asymmetric gable roof still consists of two triangles - only this time they are not the same.

But this roof geometry also has your formula. Therefore, if you want to change something in one of the triangles, the changes will occur in the entire asymmetric roof. Keep in mind that when building such architectural delights, you will not be able to try everything on by eye. And even more so, then you will not make any changes.

And first of all, you need to arrange a strong Mauerlat for such a roof so that uneven loads are somehow distributed horizontally:

So how do you still independently calculate and build an asymmetric gable roof? You will be helped by modern computer programs that are able to calculate the required pressure of the rafters on the Mauerlats and the exact location of the necessary central support. It will be difficult to calculate all this on your own, although it is possible.

So, if we are talking about a symmetrical roof, which simply has different lengths of slopes, then keep in mind that the slope that is longer puts more pressure on the entire rafter system and on the wall of the building. Due to the fact that it took more building material and more roofing. Usually, this does not play a special role for strong walls of the house, but if you are building a frame structure or walls from blocks, create an additional support for such a slope, for example, almost at the very eaves.

Just remember that a roof with different slopes is calculated using different formulas. In fact, here you will need to make two whole calculations of two shed roofs, which are simply connected together with one ridge.

What we have listed is not the only option for building multi-pitched gable roofs. In fact, today architects no longer adhere to strict rules about such design and are more free to let their imaginations run wild. Why are they valued as professionals?

Our main task is to ensure that your home is securely sheltered from precipitation and cold. And all this is achieved with the help of a well-thought-out design, and it does not have to be standard at all, like a hut or a teremok. Despite the fact that the pitched roof is a little far from the design of the classic gable roof, its truss system must also be carefully calculated.

Particular attention should be paid to the loads and their correct distribution on the walls of the building. After all, the main mistake in private construction is when the roof is designed unusual, and even its ability to withstand wind and snow is calculated correctly by home craftsmen, but the roofing is not included in the load.

What does it threaten? So far, there are not so many implemented projects with pitched roofs in our country, and therefore it is difficult to track what exactly happens to such houses in 20-30 years. There simply is no such experience. But we can assure you that there have already been cases in world practice when the load from the roof was calculated incorrectly, and as a result, the building simply collapsed over time, not to mention serious distortions. We don't want this, do we?

And this is work with drawings and computer calculations. After all, it is important to make sure that the new roof perfectly withstands any loads and is stable both during heavy snowfall and during winds.

Note that today some architects are categorically opposed to the construction of a gable roof with different slopes. All due to the fact that for more than one century a gable roof in Russia was almost the only form. Today, for many professionals in their field, when it comes to the roof, symmetry is the defining element.

In the roof, they want to see unambiguous forms and clear lines that come together at the top. Note that such a smart classic gable roof is also perceived as more comfortable and more familiar, which is why customers themselves often refuse unconventional projects.

But for more advanced architects of our time, modern roofs are, first of all, new technical solutions. They are designed to improve such indicators of private construction as reliability, durability and functionality. Therefore, today the priority in terms of roof construction is not tradition and ideal geometry, but saving building materials, originality, which is now so lacking, and the most efficient distribution of useful living space.

Gable roof truss system: calculation and how to do it

The most popular design of the roof of a country house is a gable roof: such a roof is resistant to wind and snow loads, reliably protects against moisture, and is durable. The supporting part and frame for roofing is the gable roof truss system.

Components of the truss system

1. Mauerlat: support frame for attaching the frame, located along the perimeter of the walls. It is necessary for stone, brick, foam and aerated concrete structures. Mauerlat is not made on timber and log walls; the upper crown of logs or the upper timber serves as a support.

Mauerlat can be solid (from solid or composite timber) or in the form of separate bars, located only under the rafters.

2. Ridge bar of a gable roof. Mounted on the upper corners of the triangles of the gables, is the second support for the rafters. With a short length (up to six meters), it is preferable to make it from a single bar. If the length is longer, it is necessary to use construction trusses and install a composite run.

3. Side runs. They are located parallel to the ridge, they also rely on the gables. The ends of the side beams (as well as the ridge beam) usually go beyond the plane of the pediment to the outside, this allows you to reduce the load on the middle of the roof.

Gable roof drawing

4. Rafters. Connect the ridge and walls, are the basis for roofing. To strengthen the structure, the rafters are connected with wooden or metal puffs. There are two designs of rafters: layered and hanging, symmetrical and gable roof with different slopes.

Gable roof with different slopes

Hanging ones do not have additional supports in the form of the internal walls of the house and other elements under the roof, the layered ones have such supports.

5. Additional supports: braces, racks, diagonal ligaments, struts.
The brace is a diagonal beam supporting the pediment. The second end of the beam rests on the ceiling in the center.

The brace is a support for the rafter leg: rests against it at an angle of 45 degrees.

Racks - vertical beams that are used in the construction of attics and other "broken" roofs: such structures require the installation of additional side runs, and vertical supports are made under them.

The diagonal tie is a reinforcing structural element in windy areas. This is a beam that connects adjacent rafters diagonally, from the lower end of one leg to the middle of the other.

6. Cornice overhangs. They exist to protect the walls from precipitation. For this purpose, either the rafters themselves are extended beyond the wall for a distance of about half a meter, or additional boards are sewn onto the rafters, the so-called. filly.

Calculation of the gable roof truss system

1. The truss system of a gable roof is calculated. This includes wind and snow loads, as well as the weight of the roofing. For different regions, climatic indicators are different; values ​​of wind and snow load differ.

The weight of the coating depends on the material you have chosen and is indicated in its technical characteristics.

2. Based on the results of the calculation of loads, the angle of inclination of the roof is corrected and a design project is drawn up: the number of elements, the pitch of the gable roof rafters, the need for additional supports, the thickness and material of the components.

Gable roof rafter pitch

How to make a gable roof

1. Treatment of all wooden elements with antiseptic agents, flame retardant and water repellent.

Video "Gable roof truss system":

2. Installing the Mauerlat, if needed.

Tip: when installing a Mauerlat on a brick wall, it is advisable to close it from the outside with a side of bricks: this will protect the support from external influences, and such a design will look more aesthetic.

3. Installation of a triangular frame for gables.

4. Installation of a ridge gable roof.

Video "How to make a gable roof":

5. Installation of side runs.

6. Installation of rafter legs: one side of the rafters rests on the ridge, the other - on the Mauerlat or the upper crown of the wooden house.

7. Connection of rafters with puffs (when using hanging rafters - mandatory).

8. Installation of additional gable roof supports in accordance with the project.

The fastening of wooden parts is carried out with screws, self-tapping screws, nails and staples. When using metal elements for the rafter system - with the hardware provided in the kit.

When the gable roof truss system is ready, insulation is laid between the rafters and covered with a vapor barrier film on both sides (under and between the rafters). Then you can make a crate under the roofing material or lay it directly on the rafters (depending on the material itself).

Gable roof with different slopes: description and design

A gable roof is a roof formed by two inclined surfaces. They are directed towards each other, and the intersection is connected by one ridge parallel to the long side of the house. A gable roof with different slopes is a type of construction. It is distinguished from the traditional symmetrical design primarily by geometric parameters, and only then by specific features.

Fundamentals of Geometry

To understand how such a roof is arranged, you need to consider these properties and compare photos of two types of structures. Since we are talking about a gable variety, in a profile section, this shape always forms a triangle. The upper ceiling of the building is the base of the figure and serves as the supporting surface of the structure. The roof slopes are the sides of the triangle.

Looking at the symmetrical roof (first photo), you can see that the sloping surfaces are equal in length and are at the same angle to the base of the triangle. The ridge that hides the intersection of the slopes is located exactly in the center of the building and passes through the axis of symmetry. The multi-pitched design is characterized by different lengths of slopes and different angles at the base(second photo). Such a concept is the result of a geometric transformation. There is a proportional relationship between the elements of a triangle. If you change one, all the others will be converted as well.

Photo No. 1 - a gable roof with the same slopes

Based on this dependence, the roof structure under consideration has two main parameters: the length of the slopes and the slope. Using this name, it would be correct to calculate the last value as a percentage. To do this, you need to calculate the tangent of the angle at the base of the roof, multiplied by 100%. However, for convenience and quick understanding, degrees are most often used as the unit of measure. Thus, each slope of an asymmetric roof is characterized by a separate length and slope.

Photo number 2 - roof construction with different slopes

Why do we need different slopes

This question will be asked by a novice builder. The choice of design is based on two areas: design and performance.

The appearance of the roof is important from the very beginning for those who want to make the building beautiful, unique from an aesthetic point of view. Symmetry in everything is often boring, and many modern design trends rely on breaking stereotypes and moving away from regular geometric shapes.

That is why, in this regard, a design with different slopes stands out. The ability to play with sizes and angles even in a classic triangle allows you to build original and interesting roofs. Variability gives a chance to distinguish the building from the background of others, to make it more noticeable. This is because the roof is the main element that forms the appearance of the building.

Influence of weather conditions on the design calculation

Technological features come from the same geometric parameters. How the structure will survive weather conditions depends on the slope of the slope. It is according to climatic data that the value of the angle is determined, which will ensure the reliability and durability of the roof. A reasonable step in planning is to study the wind rose over the past 2-3 years in a disposable area.

It can be used to judge the strength of the wind and its most frequent direction. On the side of the roof, where gusts come from in most cases, it is recommended to install a slope with a smaller angle of inclination. This will reduce the load on the supporting structure, as well as reduce the noise generated by the vibration of the roof.

Precipitation affects the calculation of slopes. In dry and warm areas, the angles may be the smallest and the lengths the largest. The terrain with heavy rainfall requires steeper slopes from the structure so that all moisture and solid precipitation leave the roof as quickly as possible, do not stagnate and do not create unnecessary loads. Roof angle ranges vary widely, from 11º to 70º.

The choice of roof design depending on the slope of the roof

Space organization

Increasing the slope of the roof allows you to profitably use the space in the attic. With this approach, under the roof you can arrange a spacious pantry, a comfortable room or a spacious attic. Often one roofing surface overlaps two storey spans at once. This is exactly the case when the slopes obviously differ in length. Also, it becomes possible to arrange a terrace, the visor of which will be the continuation of one of the slopes.

Common methods for increasing the area include the use of broken structures, when one of the slopes, not reaching the base, changes the angle of inclination. Definitely, such sophistication carries the cost of additional building materials and complex work.

Construction material

The roofing of the roof rests on the truss system. From time immemorial, wood has been traditionally used as a material for construction, but it can also be metal or reinforced concrete. The first is in the lead due to the possibility of precise processing, strength and optimal weight of the frame. For the construction of the structure, certain types of wood are chosen:

• Pine is versatile. Softwood is durable, resinous, which reduces the risk of decay. The trunk of the tree is straight and light. The low cost of pine timber is due to its wide distribution.
• Larch is durable.
• Spruce is also strong, but more susceptible to moisture.
• Powerful oak is applicable for critical elements, for example, Mauerlat. It is easy to handle. The material is expensive compared to other breeds.
• Aspen is resilient, but often found with a rotten core, which limits its scope.
• Beech is durable, serves for many years, but is difficult to process.

When using wood in the construction of gable roofs with different slopes, it is strongly recommended to use only softwood or only hardwood for all frame elements.

Metal, like reinforced concrete, as the basis for creating a supporting structure wins only for large construction projects, where pitched roofs are rare. One solid span can reach 2-3 tens of meters. In other respects, it is much inferior to wood: expensive, difficult to process, passes cold, accumulates condensate.

Frame device and correct calculation

When calculating a multi-pitched structure, climatic conditions, wind forces, and the weight of the roof are taken into account. The latter is important: the coating layer creates a constant load on the frame supports. Large weight, for example, has a ceramic tile, a soft roof is much lighter. In combination, all these factors form the general requirements for the roof truss system and determine parameters such as rafter spacing, number of elements, timber thickness and frame material.

A drawing of a gable structure allows you to understand what elements the supporting structure consists of:

• The rafters are fastened to the building with the help of a Mauerlat - a solid frame laid to the side load-bearing walls of bricks and blocks. From the outside of the building, it is recommended to overlay this frame element with an additional brick row for reliable fixation.
• The ridge run is the second support for the slopes. It is installed on the upper corners of the gables.
• Side runs are attached parallel to the roof ridge. Together with the central beam, they are brought out a little further than the gable in order to reduce the load.
• Rafters - supports for the roof. They serve as a connection between the ridge and load-bearing walls. For reinforcement, opposite rafters are connected with special ties made of wood or metal. The roof elements are assembled in two ways: hanging and layered. The first is characterized by the fact that the oncoming rafters hold each other with a strong connection, the load of the roof is bursting. The layered structure includes additional central supports connecting the bed and the ridge beam. Such a device is used in the presence of internal load-bearing walls. The presence of different slopes implies the installation of additional screeds between the rafters and other beams that regulate the load.

A gable roof with asymmetrical surfaces is a bold step for the builder of his own house. This is an opportunity to equip your home with a capital roof with efficient use of space.

Roof drain installation

Among all the different types and designs of roofs, gable schemes in private housing construction are most common. The gable roof has become a truly "popular choice" due to the simplicity of the device, durability and reliability of the design and affordability. Today, a gable roof built by modern specialists can have such an unusual and original look that it is not always possible to recognize the basis of its design.

The classic scheme of a gable roof

What is a gable roof. Until recently, it was believed that this is a classic scheme formed by two inclined planes that are connected to each other along the line of the ridge beam, at the top of the roof, as in the photo. Today, such a definition has lost its meaning due to the fact that many new types of gable structures have appeared that are united by one feature - the roof of a house has two slopes of a flat surface.

The durability of the classic gable scheme is determined by the design features of the supporting frame:

• Each of the two slopes is formed by a set of rafters resting on the central ridge beam in the upper part and on the mauerlat of the walls in the lower part of the frame. The creators of the gable roof laid the foundation for the principle of mutual compensation of horizontal force from the weight of the slopes and the ability to evenly redistribute the load on the walls of the building from the weight of the frame, roofing "pie" and snow cover;
• Until the completion of the assembly of the rafter system and the stuffing of the batten boards, each of the rafter legs participates in holding the entire frame in the calculated position, but at the same time “lives” as if “by itself”. This allows you to correctly set and fix the rafter in the desired position, without weakening the strength of the entire structure and without affecting the "neighbors";
• The use of the system allows the gable roof to “adjust” to the load in any conditions and at any temperature, without destruction or deformation of the supporting elements of the roof.

Attention! The use of wood for the construction of a gable roof structure allows you to get the most lightweight and durable frame, immune to alternating loads and temperature fluctuations.

If you try to replace wooden beams with steel ones, the weight of the structure would increase several times, and due to the high coefficient of thermal expansion, the high thermal conductivity of the metal, the thickness of the thermal insulation would at least double.

In some cases, for example, if a small roof is required, rafters with floor beams and vertical posts can be knocked down according to the template into one load-bearing roof element. Knowing the step between the rafters and the size of the gable roof, you can put together the required number of such blanks on the ground. It remains to raise them to the walls and install them, securing them with a ridge beam and batten boards.

Double pitched roof with terrace

This type of roof has actually become the hallmark of a country house or cottage. The way of furnishing the holiday home implied the presence of a bedroom or a guest room on the second floor of the building. Therefore, in such buildings, a terrace was necessarily equipped from the pediment of the building. Structurally, the construction of this type of roof practically did not differ from the arrangement of a conventional roofing scheme, part of the slope to the depth of the terrace was sewn up from the inside with clapboard, a fence and flooring from a board were installed on the front wall, turning into the floor of the upper floor.

The most interesting varieties of gable roofs

The development of building technologies has made it possible to develop and build several new types of roofs with two slopes. To date, gable options include all categories of roof structures, designed in the form of two inclined planes.

If an unusual design is required for a country house, choose one of the most popular schemes:

1. Asymmetrical gable roof;
2. Stylish multi-level system of two slopes, with a central or offset location of the ridge beam relative to the building box;
3. Gable roof with bay window, mezzanine or dormers.

Important! The original appearance of the building, as a rule, requires very accurate and painstaking work on the calculation of load-bearing elements.

Unlike the classic types of a gable roof, in this case it is not enough to know the features of the device; for the correct arrangement of the roof, a large amount of calculations will be required. Therefore, the most unusual types of gable roofs are developed using the specialized Archicad18 software package. In addition to high design productivity, in archiCAD, you can get a complete detail of the design of the most complex type and design.

Fashion for asymmetric gable roofs

Most often, the asymmetric shape of a gable roof is associated with the specifics of the layout of the walls of the building. If you look at a house with an asymmetric gable roof from the front, the reason for the unusual design of the roofing of the house becomes clear. One of the slopes of the house is relatively flat and long, with an angle of inclination of up to 20 degrees. In such conditions, a larger slope provides minimal resistance to air flow. If you reduce the slope of the slope to 11 degrees, the dynamic wind pressure will be halved. With a slope of 45 degrees, the most common when building gable roofs, the pressure of the air flow on the slope area will not decrease, but, on the contrary, will more than double compared to a 20-degree slope. Therefore, asymmetric types of roof structures not only have a spectacular design, they are, above all, designed and manufactured for areas with a strong, but directionally stable air flow.

For example, if a country house or cottage is installed on a dividing strip between a wide field and a dense forest, it would be most rational to design and build an asymmetric roof view in such a way that the wide and flat part of the roof is turned towards the field. This roof structure effectively protects the building from winds blowing from the open area.

Multi-level gable roofs

Most often, this option is a modification of asymmetric roofing schemes. Often, a shorter roof slope runs below a larger roof slope. The rafters of the larger slope rest on a ridge board or mauerlat embedded on top of the central load-bearing wall of the building, the upper part of the short slope is usually attached to the ceiling beam of the upper floor. Thus, the small slope turns out to be, as it were, shifted in height relative to the larger one by one floor.

This type of coating can be considered a composition of two shed roofs. This partially simplifies the construction of a gable roof, especially if we take into account that for large slopes it is necessary to use expensive long rafters and a large number of power elements, struts, racks, crossbars.

The design option with multi-level slopes has not only an unusual and attractive appearance, but also a purely utilitarian purpose. The use of this type of gable roof is resorted to if there is a need to equip a terrace, extension or canopy over the entrance to a two-story building. Due to the design features of a large slope, it is possible to increase the size of the overhangs and lay them on outriggers. Thus, the roof over the terrace is an organic continuation of the main roofing.

In some cases, one of the slopes of a multi-level roof is made in the form of a broken structure. For example, this type of roof is suitable if you need to equip a roof for a nearby extension, for example, for a summer kitchen, garage or utility room.

The broken roof scheme, despite its close relationship to the gable version, has long existed as an independent option for arranging two-story buildings. This view is ideal for organizing an attic room of increased comfort, the symmetrical design of the slopes allows you to perfectly balance the frame, and the variable angle of inclination makes it possible to use the attic space as efficiently as possible.

Often, a broken structure is complemented by a bay window or dormer windows.

Gable roof with bay window or mezzanine

The types of gable roofs with various kinds of additional add-ons look quite picturesque. For example, the sight of a bay window that protrudes beyond the front wall and rises to the roof slope, gives the house and roof the appearance of an old building in the style of the 19th century. Often, a guest room or dining room is equipped inside the bay window. The bay window cover most often fits into the gable roof of the building, but can also be made in the form of an independent turret. The appearance of the bay window has always given the two-story house the features of an aristocratic building.

A gable roof with a mezzanine or dormer windows looks more peaceful. If you need to equip the attic space with a full-fledged living space or give the building the appearance of a two-story mansion, the best way would be to build a mezzanine. Additional windows and balconies in the form of a superstructure under a triangular roof give the ordinary building a rather picturesque look.

Conclusion

The relative simplicity of arranging modern types of gable roofs has served as their wide distribution among individual developers. The absence of problem nodes and transitions, typical for other types of roofing, allows the designer and designer to creatively use the possibilities for designing the interior space and decorative elements.

Properly designed and assembled according to technology, the roof serves as a barrier that prevents cold air and moisture from entering the house. Outside, with the naked eye, we see only a small part of the structure - the roofing. But the roof frame, which is the most important component, performs the main supporting functions and absorbs the effects of wind and snow loads.

So that it does not deform as a result of operation, it is necessary to correctly calculate the cross-sectional value of its elements and determine the distance between them, taking into account the weight of the roofing material, slope and climatic conditions. In this article we will tell you what the gable roof truss system of a house is, what it consists of, how it is designed and assembled by hand.

The truss system for a gable roof of a house is a system of interconnected supporting elements, which together form the frame of the structure.

It is made of wood or metal in accordance with the calculation of the loads that will affect them during operation. The roof truss frame performs the following functions:

1. Gives roof slopes the necessary slope. The traditional shape in the form of an equilateral rectangle of a gable roof is given precisely by the truss frame, which forms a slope between the base of the roof and its ridge. The angled surface allows snow and water to slide freely off the slope.
2. Distributes the load from the weight of the roofing cake. The weight of the roofing cake, taking into account the snow load, can reach up to 500 kg / m2, so the gable roof is subjected to intense load, especially in winter. The rafters of a gable roof evenly distribute the weight that falls on them, and then transfer the load to the load-bearing walls and foundation of the house.
3. Serves as a basis for fixing thermal insulation and roofing material. The rafter frame of the roof serves as a kind of skeleton of the structure around which its “body” is built. Thermal insulation should be installed between the rafter legs, and a roofing covering is fixed on the crate, which protects against moisture penetration.

Please note that the design of the gable roof truss system is quite complicated to design and assemble, especially if the master does not have enough experience. Indeed, in order for it to be able to withstand heavy loads, it is necessary to correctly calculate the cross-section of the rafters and the pitch of the rafters, taking into account the slope and length of the slopes, the roofing material used, and also draw up a drawing according to which the assembly will be performed.

Types of truss systems

Rafter systems differ in many factors, their composition depends on the layout of a wooden or brick house, the total weight of the roofing cake, the material from which the frame is made, and the type of roofing.

An important characteristic of the design is their bearing capacity, which determines how much weight they can withstand without deformation. According to the characteristic features, the following types of truss systems are distinguished:

Layered

A rafter frame of a layered type is a frame whose rafters have 2 points of support. The upper end of the leg rests on a ridge run, mounted on vertical posts fixed to the inner wall. And with the lower end it is installed on the Mauerlat.

The assembly of a rafter system of a layered type on a gable roof is possible only if there is at least 1 load-bearing partition or capital column inside the house. Such a construction is often called non-thrust, because the second fulcrum of the rafters compensates for the bursting load on the walls of the house, which is assumed by the hanging frame installation scheme.

Rafter legs of a layered type experience only a bending load, which can be eliminated by various struts. The layered truss system allows you to cover houses up to 14 meters wide.

hanging

The hanging truss system is distinguished by the fact that its rafters rest only with their lower end on a Mauerlat beam mounted on external load-bearing walls. The upper end of the rafter legs of this design does not rest on anything, but, as it were, hangs in the air, which causes 2 types of load: bending and bursting.

The bursting load of such an arrangement of elements on the outer walls is so great that it has to be compensated with the help of numerous crossbars and ties, due to which the rafter pairs are tied together.

The device of a gable roof with hanging rafters consists of triangular trusses, the rigid form of which is not subjected to loads. It is believed that the complexity of the hanging circuit is much higher.

Do-it-yourself do-it-yourself rafter system of a gable roof is mounted without difficulty, if you correctly calculate the pitch of the rafters, that is, the distance between the rafters and the size of their cross section.

Combined

Combining the best of both systems, it is recognized as the most reliable. It is used in cases where, indoors, not walls, but columns are used as a support inside the house. Then the hanging and layered rafters can be alternated to strengthen the structure with additional elements, without increasing the consumption of building materials.

Important! A sliding rafter roof is another type of frame, which differs in that the rafter legs are installed on the Mauerlat not with a rigid mount, but using a movable support. The sliding mount allows the roof to change dimensions within the power reserve during the shrinkage of a wooden house.

Design

The device of the truss system of a gable roof of any of the listed types is a combination of auxiliary and supporting elements. They evenly distribute the weight of the roofing cake, and also compensate for the bursting and bending loads that occur between them.

The cross section, length and pitch of the rafters are determined using an engineering calculation that takes into account the weight of the roofing pie, the climatic conditions in the construction region, and the slope of the structure. The composition of the truss frame of a gable roof usually includes the following elements:

1. Mauerlat. Mount the Mauerlat beam on the outer walls of the house, on which the roof slopes rest. It serves to soften the pressure on the supports and evenly distribute the load from the weight of the roofing cake. It is made of a durable beam with a section of 150x150 mm or 200x200 mm and is attached to the upper belt of the walls using anchor bolts or long metal studs.
2. Sill. This is an analogue of the Mauerlat, only it is installed on internal load-bearing walls, and vertical stands must be placed on it for mounting a ridge run.
3. rafter legs. This term refers to the elements of the frame, which are made of boards with a cross section of 150-40 mm and are installed at an angle to the base of the roof, forming the angle of inclination of the slope. What to do the distance between the rafters, their length and thickness is determined by calculation, taking into account the total load to which they are subjected during operation.
4. puff. A puff is called beams that are placed horizontally and connect the legs of one rafter pair to each other in order to reduce the bursting load on the outer walls of the structure. A crossbar is a puff installed under the very ridge of the structure.
5. Racks. A stand is a vertical beam placed on a bench to support a ridge run. It is easy to determine what distance should be between the racks, because it repeats the step of the rafters.
6. Struts. Diagonally located supports that support the rafter legs in the middle or at the bottom, preventing their deflection, are called struts.

Please note that only the calculation of temporary and permanent loads to which they will be subjected during operation can determine how to properly position the elements of the truss system. Calculating the total weight of the roofing cake helps determine the correct distance between the rafters, calculate their length and the required thickness.

The calculation of the gable roof truss system is based on the fact that in the frontal dimension it has the shape of an equilateral triangle, the sides of which can be easily calculated using simple trigonometric formulas.

These simple calculations help determine the optimal distance between the rafters, their thickness and length. The design calculation is performed in the following sequence:

• Determine the design and slope of the roof. There are various ways to choose the type and slope of the roof structure. This parameter depends on the climatic conditions and performance characteristics of the selected roofing material.
• Determine the total load on the structure. To do this, they sum up the constant loads (the weight of the roofing, their weight of the frame, thermal insulation and ceilings) with the temporary loads (snow load, wind load), multiply by a correction factor that takes into account the slope of the slopes, and then add 10-15% to this figure to the frame had some margin of safety.
• Calculate the length of the rafter legs. To do this, use the Pythagorean theorem, because the truss truss is an equilateral triangle. It turns out that the square of the length of the rafter leg is equal to the sum of the squares of the height of the blood and half the length of the laying. Knowing how to calculate the length of the rafters, you can calculate the height of the ridge.
• Determine the section of the elements. The optimal section of the elements is selected according to the tables in accordance with the length of the rafter legs and the distance between them. The higher these indicators, the thicker the rafter should be.

Remember that before you calculate the rafters on the roof, you need to decide on the basic design parameters. In particular, it is necessary to know exactly the height of the ridge and the slope of the roof, as well as the dimensions of the room to be covered. The result of the calculation of the roof elements should be a detailed diagram of the truss system, reflecting their dimensions and the angles between them.

We calculate the angle of inclination

The angle of inclination of the slopes is selected not depending on aesthetic preferences, but based on weather conditions, taking into account the roofing material. Steeper slopes of 40-45 degrees are built in areas with a large amount of snow cover, and more gentle slopes of 10-20 degrees in places with strong gusty winds.

Keep in mind that the steeper the slope, the higher the consumption of materials, the greater the total cost of the roof. Be sure to take into account the requirements of the material:

1. Tiles, slate require a slope of at least 22 degrees, otherwise, precipitation seeps through the joints between the elements.
2. The metal tile is laid at an angle of at least 14 degrees, as it suffers greatly from gusts of wind, it can deform or even fly off.
3. Soft roofing allows a slope angle of up to 5-10 degrees, making it possible to cover slopes of any geometry with it.
4. Ondulin is considered one of the most reliable materials and can even be used for roofs with a slope of less than 6 degrees.
5. Profiled sheets cannot be laid at an angle of less than 15 degrees, however, even slopes with an acceptable slope should be treated with a sealant for better waterproofing.

Assembly technology

Before mounting the roof frame, it is necessary to calculate the parameters of its elements, based on the calculation of the total load on the structure, and also create a detailed drawing reflecting its results.

Having a frame diagram in front of you, it is much easier to qualitatively install the gable roof truss system. The assembly technology of the structure implies the following sequence:

1. First, a Mauerlat is laid on the upper belt of the outer walls, on which the slopes will rest, and a bed is mounted on the inner partitions, if the system is layered. These elements must be firmly fixed with anchor bolts or studs.
2. Then the rafters are fastened. They are fixed with nails to the Mauerlat, and are also interconnected using a metal lining. It is worth recalling that in the rafters they make a drink under the Mauerlat beam, and not vice versa. First, the installation of rafters located on the edge is carried out in order to set the level along which the rest of the pairs will be aligned.
3. After installing the rafters, auxiliary supporting elements should be installed that will support them - struts, puffs, contractions. To more securely fix the crossbar, its end is made with a protrusion half the thickness of the beam and it is hemmed to the rafters, fixing it with nails in several places.
4. A crate is nailed over the rafter legs, on which the roofing material is fixed. The material and pitch of the lathing is selected in accordance with the characteristics of the roofing material and the slope of the roof.

Remember that a well-designed and high-quality assembled truss system is a guarantee of strength, reliability and durability of a gable roof. Therefore, do not neglect the help of professional roofers and designers when creating a roofing design for your home.

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