Which blocks are best for building a house. Wooden bricks: pros and cons, manufacturing technology Building materials for the construction of wooden blocks

The story began about fifteen years ago. I looked at the old file of the "Engineer" magazine, and, if my memory serves right, in the 1986 issue of the November issue in the rubric of world inventions I read a short note. The article described the invention of a resident from an American town in the state of Texas. It was about a technology that an American had invented for building a house, solving his housing problem.

The material for the construction of the walls was 40/100/300 mm in size, which were made from waste from a local sawmill, collected and glued into the structure. The procedure for laying wooden "bricks" is the subject of the invention. Details are stacked "in order", longitudinally to the wall on the edge butt to joint. Through three bricks, there is a transverse binding of the outer and inner rows of the wall from the same "brick" parts of the same size, weight, wood, etc. The transverse ligation of one layer-row is displaced relative to the ligation of the lower layer by one and a half "bricks" - such a scheme provides simultaneous overlap of layers and in-line parts on a half-brick. The result is: a strong, lightweight, hollow wall structure; masonry of the correct geometric shape and ornament.

Try to assemble such a “structure” from the “knuckles” of dominoes and you will get a visual model, which many of those present must have already built, at work in the smoking room or on the yard table, but did not attach any importance to it. And the Texan found practical use for this harmless occupation.

The application of the invention in the form in which the author did it during the construction of his house, with the obvious advantages that I have listed, also had disadvantages:

With the mass (more than 8000 blocks were made) handicraft method of making "bricks" quality suffered, tolerances of - / + 1 mm and more were inevitable. Stacking and fixing such blocks into the structure caused some problems; it was not always possible to seal the gaps in the joints of the parts with glue - there were gaps. To get closer to the ideal, it was necessary to use an archaic method - a stretched cord, as when conducting brickwork.
The erected walls were plastered to give additional strength, to protect the glue from destruction and to hide the flaws in the masonry.

This method is not suitable for industrial development.

I set myself a goal - to get rid of the minuses and develop POTENTIAL. In order to know what to move towards and who needs it, give the CONCEPT (SI Ozhegov and N. Yu. Shvedov, Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language, 4th edition Moscow 1999, p. 293). No sooner said than done. I did it for a long time - years. In the end, the view of the problem, as I imagine it, was formed. Here's what happened:

1. Application the latest technologies in the design and design of CAD (AUTOCAD and other programs) - a must.
2. Priority in design are individual projects.
3. Manufacturing of parts should be carried out in workshop conditions on high-tech equipment (machines with program management, automatic lines), with tolerances no more than +/- 0.1m.
4. Wide use of standard parts and constant expansion of their assortment.
5. Use only high quality wood as a building material.
6. Do not use adhesives and cushioning materials.
7. At the construction site, perform only assembly from already finished parts. No modifications on the knee.
8. To exclude the operation "finishing" in the generally accepted sense (plastering, covering, painting).
9. The technology should be used in the construction of small buildings (baths, country houses) and houses up to 100m2 with an area of no more than two floors.

The price of the issue remains open, but for the middle class and above it is real.

Working draft

For clarity, let me present a working draft. Bathhouse with a size of 35000 * 55000mm with a relaxation room, a washing room and a steam room. In the creation of the project, many years of experience and skills of work in the AUTOCADA were used. In the environment of the program "solid" version, 185 typical parts are modeled. On their basis, a structure was assembled in the same environment from 4553 parts. The structure is fastened with cable tensioners in the hollow space of the walls to the anchors in the foundation. The accumulated volume is 329 MB in 245 files. The four types of model are shown below:

Northwest corner and west wall of the model;

Center of the model, top view

Pay attention to the joints of the parts. The joint forms a lock, protects against the formation of cracks, strengthens the structure, gives decorative effect to the wall. The details are stacked on top of each other on the double tenon-groove of the sawtooth profile, so they ideally take their place in the structure without zeroing. The connection of the outer and inner wall shells is made by metal spacers that are fixed in hidden cuts wooden parts inside the walls (if we look at the example of a row, then through two "bricks" the third with a spacer). For the outer corner joints, I did not invent anything, I used a "classic" proven lock. For two perpendicularly connected walls, I tricked the castle of the original design, I will not dwell on it in detail. Overlapping door and window openings, window sills - can be made of solid wood or laminated veneer lumber. The entire structure rests directly on the lower support rails. Pressure bars are placed on the top row, on which the cable tensioner plates rest. Details in the structure are connected without gaps and voids, which gives the structure solidity. I believe that sawdust will serve as the best insulation in the walls. It is an excellent heat insulator that does not interfere with natural air exchange in the room, and an environmentally friendly material.

The outer and inner surfaces of the walls, if the developer's imagination goes beyond their "bare" design, can serve as a platform for woodcarvers. The cutting depth in this case is allowed up to 20 mm without compromising the strength characteristics of the structure. The presented method of construction from small wooden parts relieves internal stress in the array and the structure excludes bending and cracking of wood.

There are certainly drawbacks and disadvantages in my decision, but there are also attractive aspects that, I hope, you will appreciate.

History of invention
What is wood brick?

Materials for construction wooden houses not so much. But scientists are thinking about new products. So in America the method of small wooden blocks is patented. Our compatriot improved and modified the bricks made of wood and even built such a house. Wooden brick may be an innovation that will change the way wooden houses are viewed and make construction inexpensive and fast. What kind of material is this, and what wooden buildings can you collect from it?

History of invention

High technologies in woodworking, design have changed modern wooden houses. Among the most important, it can be noted a variety of architectural solutions, comfort, construction assembly time, reduced labor costs, etc. Domestic wooden houses, despite the high cost, are more and more interesting to buyers. New technologies of wooden house building are interesting not only in our country, but also abroad: Europe, America, Japan.

In America more than 20 years ago it was patented new method when the walls are assembled from small wooden blocks. Waste from a local timber processing factory was used for production, and high technologies were not even used. But the inventor built a house out of such bricks and the innovation did not develop further. There was little publicity for a number of reasons:

The assembly method was not worked out, it is clear that the author assembled the walls simply by the selection method, for good luck;
The purpose of this assembly: to reduce the cost of personal construction without pursuing ambitious and greedy interests;
It was not possible to introduce the technology into production due to the lack of proper equipment, we recall that it was 20 years ago;
No one was allowed to promote this invention, and the technology aroused mistrust among specialists.

V modern world an analogue of the invention is already being used in domestic and European industries, for example, the Baltic Architect enterprise began producing such bricks in 2013. But the invention was truly patented in Russia by a simple architect who was looking for a method to simplify and reduce the cost wooden house building Lichin Sergey Alexandrovich in 2012.

What is wood brick?

Wood bricks are made from solid wood on high-precision machines. Block sizes can be from 150 to 950 mm in length and 100 or 150 mm in height. The structure itself is a bar profiled on four sides with ridge-shaped locks in a wavy shape at the ends of the edges and on two technical sides. The profile depth can be 45 or 70 mm.

This design makes it possible to firmly connect the parts to each other and not separate during operation. And the comb-shaped locks prevent the wind and cold air from penetrating inside, making the walls airtight.

The method of assembling the walls is also interesting, since for any wall thickness, the material consumption will be the same.

What horizons does the use of wooden bricks reveal?

It is not uncommon for a material with a larger cross-section to be dried incompletely, and the buyer overpays for chamber drying... The details of the wooden bricks are small and will take a short time to dry. By purchasing small parts you can expect that the buyer will receive exactly the chamber drying.
There will be practically no internal stress in small parts, so the walls will not crack when the house shrinks.
Dried bricks do not lose their correct geometric shape.
Production is less costly, since it is easy to select for manufacturing the right part array.
For the processing of small wooden parts, expensive and massive equipment is not needed. Yes, and transport to construction site small details are easier.
You don't need to hire a large team to assemble a house. Even one master can handle the installation of small blocks.
Small details make it possible to assemble the wall itself complex shape with multiple angles and slopes.
Can be made from leftover timber production.

The specifics of assembling the walls of a log house from wooden blocks

The assembly of wooden brick walls can also be called an invention. The blockhouse is made according to the principle of hollow walls. Installation takes place along a continuous multi-tiered chain, with a binding. Wooden spacers with profiled ends are placed in the void between the two walls. Spacers serve as a link between the outer and inner wall at home. They are fastened in a certain sequence and in the necessary places.

You need to assemble the walls on a support bar, which is placed on the foundation. The first tier is attached to the timber using pressure bars. The pressure bars are connected to the metal plates on which the tensioners are attached.

Tensioners in a structure can be track or rod. They are mounted inside the structure and create an additional vertical load. From below, the tensioner is attached to the foundation with anchor bolts... The tensioners are mounted after the complete assembly of the log walls.

This new design provides certain qualities wooden frame:

During installation, you do not need to use adhesives, cushioning insulation and fasteners. The tightness of the connection is ensured by the profiles - the comb, and the vertical loads are adjusted by the tensioners. They also add stability to the walls.

There is no need to install additional windows for windows and doors, since the construction of internal partitions and small wooden bricks creates a base of monolithic wood that will not sag or warp.
If you increase the size of the internal void in the wall, then the wall thickness will change from 300 to 600 mm. In this case, the consumption of wooden bricks will not change.
For manufacturing, you can use the wood of any tree. And when assembling, for example, a sauna, you can make the inner part of the wall from expensive larch, and the outer part from pine. At the same time, the internal space reduces heat loss by 2-3 times, so any type of wood can be taken for construction.
The void in the hay gives you the added ability to easily hide wiring or water pipes. And even sawdust can be used as a heater.
With a difference in temperature in the house and outside, a shift of the internal and outer wall relative to each other, such as with a double bar system. But this will not happen when using wooden bricks, since a special gap in the profile of 10-20 mm protects the walls from deformation load. Another addition from deformation is the internal spacers around window and door openings.

Using high technologies, you can virtually design any shape of a wooden block and assemble a project of a house or a bath from it. And it is possible to produce blocks of wood from the waste of any wood processing industry. Several companies that have taken up the idea of building wooden brick houses offer several options for these products. Differences can be in the type of profile, size, and both in length and in width, and there are no restrictions here.

Hay made of wooden bricks can be additionally decorated with artistic carvings or left smooth, covered with varnishes. But the appearance of cracks and cracks, in contrast to a profiled or simple bar, can not be expected, both outside and inside the house. And how durable such structures are can be found out after a few years, when production will be established in all cities and houses made of wooden bricks will be as popular as from timber.

profibrus.ru

What blocks are used for the construction of walls at home and their brief description

One of the most common types of aerated concrete. It is characterized by closed pores, as a result of which it absorbs moisture very little. In the production of blocks are used natural materials- lime, Portland cement, water and quartz sand... Aluminum powder is used as a blowing agent.

After mixing the components in a certain proportion, the raw materials are placed in molds and loaded into autoclaves, where they are exposed to water vapor under high pressure... There they solidify over a period of time and acquire their main properties - dimensional accuracy, low weight, fairly high density.

In addition to autoclave hardening, blocks can be made from the same material by natural drying in the open air. In terms of their parameters, they are significantly inferior to the first.

By purpose, the blocks are subdivided into:

heat insulating;
structural and thermal insulation;
structural.

They differ in compressive strength, thermal conductivity and density.
The dimensions of the blocks are 600x200-300x80-400 mm (LxHxW). The shape of the blocks can be different. For the construction of load-bearing walls, blocks with a groove / ridge surface relief are used. Partitions and side walls are constructed from regular rectangular blocks with smooth edges. U-shaped ones are used for mounting armored belts and lintels over door or window openings.

A kind of aerated concrete. It is made from sand, cement and water with the addition of foaming agents. In the form of loose foam, the raw material is poured into molds for finished blocks or into large-volume formwork structures. After hardening for 10 - 12 hours, the demountable forms are opened and the foam blocks are removed for further hardening.

If the blocks are made using cutting technology, then the massive block is kept in the formwork for several hours (4-10), then it is removed and the workpiece is cut into smaller blocks of appropriate sizes with special steel strings, chain or band saws.

In terms of its density of frost resistance, foam concrete can be compared with aerated concrete, but it is inferior in strength and accuracy of forms. According to their properties, they are suitable for the construction of houses no higher than three floors. But in monolithic reinforced concrete construction, foam concrete is in great demand for filling the openings between the supporting parts of the frame because of its lightness.

Ceramic blocks

They are made from the same material as ordinary bricks - clay and water. Billets are fired in ovens and get the specified hardness. But with a much larger size than conventional bricks, the blocks are almost twice as light. This is determined not only by the fact that through voids are provided in the block, but also by the fact that during the preparation of raw materials, the clay is mixed with sawdust or other flammable material. In the process of firing, impurities burn out and the material becomes porous, and, therefore, lighter.

The standard dimensions of the ceramic block are 250 - 510x250-380x219 mm. Large dimensions allow laying twice or even three times faster than brick. Lighter walls allow you to save on the foundation, and the porous structure - on insulation.

Houses of any number of storeys are built from ceramic blocks. Here the material is used for external and internal load-bearing walls, partitions, filling openings.

Another type of blocks, relatively little known to non-specialists in the construction business. By its technical nature, arbolite is large cellular concrete, in which seemingly incompatible materials such as wood and cement are combined. During production, wood chips are mixed with cement-sand mixture diluted to a semi-liquid state and poured into molds.

This lightweight and durable material is used to produce:

thermal insulation boards;
mixtures for pouring into formwork on site;
masonry blocks;
large-format mounting blocks.

For the construction of buildings, blocks of the standard 500 × 300 × 200 mm are used, but other sizes can be found on sale - they are regulated by GOST 19222-84, but many manufacturers produce blocks according to TU developed at the enterprise itself. But well-known factories strive to produce material in a standard size, or a multiple of it - this facilitates and speeds up the process of erecting walls.

For the production of blocks, chips with a size of 40 × 10 × 5 mm (maximum) are used. Some unscrupulous manufacturers use bark, shavings, and straw together with chips, or even instead of them. But such blocks do not meet the requirements for wood concrete and can only be used for the construction of utility structures.

In addition to the main raw materials, various chemical additives are also used in wood concrete, which increase the strength and water resistance of products. These additives neutralize compounds present in the wood that prevent sticking. cement mortar to the chips. As a result of chemical treatment, the wood receives a level of adhesion to cement no worse than that of crushed stone or gravel.

The most commonly used additives are:

liquid glass;
calcium chloride;
sulfate alumina;
slaked lime.

In the industrial method of production, the mixture is poured into molds and compressed by a vibration method. With an accurate dosage of components and the right choice vibration mode, the blocks are uniform in density throughout the volume. According to this parameter, two types of wood concrete are produced - structural, with a density of 500 to 850 kg / m3 and heat-insulating, unsuitable for supporting structures. Its density is in the range of 300 - 500 kg / m3.

Wall blocks made of expanded clay concrete are manufactured by vibration casting in ready-made forms... The raw materials are cement, expanded clay and sand or dolomite. A classic block made in accordance with GOST 6133-99 contains up to 50% expanded clay and about 50% cement. Such blocks are used for the construction of walls and partitions, filling the openings of frame structures.

The dimensions of the blocks are 390x190x185 mm or 390x190x90 mm, which allows construction to be carried out very quickly. The cavities inside the blocks act as stiffeners, reduce weight and increase heat-saving properties. One of the walls, perpendicular to the direction of the cavities, is solid, which makes it possible to reduce the consumption of mortar by laying blocks in the wall with the holes down.

Depending on fillers and proportion of expanded clay / cement standard block can weigh from 9 to 21 kg, density - from 500 to 1800 kg / m3. Blocks are used in the bearing walls of houses up to 3 floors only with the installation of an armored belt and reinforced concrete strapping. But the main area of application is partitions, filling frames, fences, fences, outbuildings.

Comparison of blocks used for the construction of walls

All types of wall blocks can be used in construction, subject to certain restrictions inherent in one or another of their types. In order to make the picture of which blocks it is better to build a house, it becomes clearer, it is necessary not only to talk about each type separately, but also to carry out their comparative analysis according to the main parameters.

The most significant characteristics are as follows:

Basic data on building materials are given in the table:

Block type	Density, kg / m 3	Mass in the wall	Water absorption,%	Thermal conductivity, t / M * k	Frost resistance	Strength
Gas block	300 — 1200	100 — 900	20 — 25	0,1 — 0,4	35	0,5 — 25
Foam block	300 — 1200	100 — 900	10 — 16	0,1 — 0,4	35	0,25 — 12,5
Expanded clay concrete block	300 — 1500	900 — 1000	50	0,15 — 0,45	25 — 75	50- 150
	500 — 900	300 — 700	75 — 85	0,2 — 0,3	25	20 — 50
Ceramic block	700 — 900	600 — 800	12 — 15	0,1 — 0,2	50	2,5 — 25

Strength

Strength refers to the ability to withstand external physical compressive stress. The main indicator is the brand. It shows the ultimate load in kg / cm 2 that a material can withstand before failure begins. For example, M-175 shows that a load of 175 kg / cm 2 can damage the material. For comparison, the grade of brick in multi-storey buildings should be at least M150, in one-story buildings - M100. Of the blocks, expanded clay are the most durable. The only problem is that these blocks are often made in artisanal conditions and due to savings, not all manufacturers can provide the specified strength.

Frost resistance

Frost resistance Mrz is indicated by a figure that shows the number of complete freezing and thawing cycles of the material that it can withstand before the destruction of the internal structure begins. As a rule, the material in the wall does not completely freeze through even in severe winters, so the indicator can be considered relative. The Mrz 35 level is quite acceptable for middle latitudes. Most types of blocks correspond to this indicator.

Density

Density is the weight of a unit volume of material, measured in kg / m 3. The parameter is important in that the pressure of the wall on the foundation depends on it, and, therefore, the need for a less or heavier foundation. It is best to use blocks with a density higher than 800 kg / m 3 as a material for the construction of load-bearing walls. On the one hand, the higher the density, the better the strength of the material and the walls erected from it. But density also has a downside. The higher it is, the greater the thermal conductivity of the material, which means that more funds will be required to insulate the house.

Thermal conductivity

Thermal conductivity - shows at what speed the heat flow is transferred through the thickness of the material. The higher the thermal conductivity, the less heat it can store in the house and the thicker the insulation needs to be installed on the walls. Most warm materials aerated concrete and foam concrete are considered. Almost all types of blocks have both heat-insulating and structural and structural versions. Each variety has its own field of application.

Moisture absorption

This parameter shows the ability of the material to absorb a certain amount of moisture. If we compare it with a brick, then this indicator all types of blocks are not located on the high level... That is why walls built from all types of blocks need to be exterior decoration facade materials.

But, even comparing the data in the table, to make a final conclusion about which types of blocks are better for building a house, it is necessary to take into account such important parameter as the cost of the whole process. In this case, it is necessary to take into account such significant items of expenses as the cost of the foundation, insulation, reinforcement, and external finishing. Sometimes cheaper blocks are much more expensive with a full cost estimate for their purchase and the cost of installation and additional operations.

Shrinkage

You can determine which blocks are better to build a house from by examining everything technological processes their installation and the phenomena occurring in the wall after construction. For example, attention is rarely paid to such an important thing as shrinkage. Among all the materials mentioned, the most susceptible to such a rather unpleasant, but predicted phenomenon are walls made of aerated concrete and foam blocks.

Expanded clay concrete and ceramic blocks practically do not shrink, which in this parameter are equal to ordinary bricks. Highly low degree shrinkage in wood concrete, but only if it is really high quality. This parameter is determined by the properties of the material, but if the masonry technology is violated, then shrinkage can be expected from any material, up to the appearance of cracks on the walls.

Foundation type

According to the type of foundation required for the construction of a low-rise building, all blocks require monolithic strip foundations of medium depth. This is one of the most economical foundations when you consider the cost of its installation in relation to strength and durability.

If you build walls from foam blocks and wood concrete up to 40 cm thick, then you can make a grillage foundation on screw piles... But this type of foundation must take into account the type of exterior decoration. If it will be made of facing brick, then the foundation, nevertheless, must be made of tape or pour in a solid concrete slab.

When laying walls, mesh reinforcement is performed using all types of blocks, an armored belt is poured under the ceiling along the entire perimeter, above the window and doorways- standard factory lintels or cast concrete.

Construction speed

Building from blocks in comparison with brick is faster, even taking into account the time spent on additional operations in the form of masonry reinforcement.

External finishing

One of the most expensive operations. Almost all known options are used here - from a "wet" facade with insulation, to a ventilated one and cladding with bricks, siding, clapboard. Gas blocks and foam blocks, when installing external finishes, require a ventilation space - the high vapor permeability of materials requires the removal of excess moisture from the wall.

Expanded clay concrete and ceramic blocks are best in harmony with brick facades and plaster, they are most consistent with these materials both in terms of physical and chemical characteristics and technology of application.

Construction cost

To determine which blocks are best for building a house, you can simply calculate the costs of the entire construction cycle. If we take the cost of brickwork from an ordinary solid brick, then the cost of one meter of cubic blocks with external finishing with homogeneous materials will be:

Obviously, the use of blocks is beneficial in any case - in addition to gaining money, they provide a double advantage in construction time, which also translates into significant cost savings.

srbu.ru

General information

Wood and brick is a classic combination that builders have been using for a long time, in particular a common operation is bricking a wooden house. In brick houses, however, they often use wooden beams floors and other elements. But brick made of wood is really a novelty on the building materials market.

True, in America, the method of assembling houses from small blocks was patented more than twenty years ago. Then, for their manufacture, wastes from a timber processing factory were used.

The inventor built himself a house out of blocks, but this innovation did not receive further distribution.

This is due to many reasons:

The method of assembling the building was not worked out - the inventor assembled the walls by selecting blocks.
It was not possible to establish the production of the material due to the lack of proper equipment.
The goal of the development was to reduce the cost of personal construction.

As a result, no one began to promote this invention, since this technology did not inspire confidence among specialists. And in 2012, a Russian architect, who was looking for a way to reduce the cost and simplification of wooden housing construction, returned to the topic of using small blocks and came up with wooden bricks.

What is wood brick

Peculiarities

The material in question is made from solid wood on high-precision modern machines. The sizes of such blocks are as follows:

Externally, the block is a bar, profiled on four sides with a comb-shaped lock. The depth of the ridges can be between 45 and 70 mm.

As for the type of wood, it can be very different. This even makes it possible to combine panels from different breeds, for example, during the construction of a bath. The inner wall can be made of linden or larch, and the outer wall can be made of cheaper pine.

Dignity

This material has many advantages.

Below we will consider the main ones:

Simplifies construction, since you can lay the blocks yourself.
There is no internal stress inside the small panel, so the walls of the house will not crack.
Drying of the material takes less time, thanks to which well-dried blocks do not lose their shape.
Transportation and unloading of blocks is simplified.
Small panels make it possible to assemble complex-shaped walls.
Low price, due to the fact that blocks are often made from leftover timber production.

Construction features

In this case, the assembly of walls is also a kind of invention - houses are built on the principle of hollow walls. The assembly is carried out along a multi-tiered continuous chain.

Spacers with profiled ends are placed in the space between the two walls. Spacers connect the outside and inside walls of the house. Moreover, they are installed strictly in certain places.

The basis for the assembly of the walls is a supporting wooden beam, which is installed on the foundation. The first crown of the walls is attached to the timber using pressure bars and tensioners, which are rod or track.

Advice!
For the house to be durable, it is necessary to correctly perform the foundation and its waterproofing.
To do this, several layers of roofing material are laid on top of the foundation, after which brickwork is erected under a wooden house, which serves as a basement.

From below, the tensioner is attached to the foundation with anchor bolts. Moreover, they are installed after assembling the walls of the house.

It should be noted that when assembling such houses, there is no need to use seals between the crowns or to lay insulation, since the tightness is achieved thanks to the comb-shaped lock. Vertical loads are regulated by tensioners, which give stability to the walls.

Note!
When building any wooden houses, you must follow the rules fire safety, especially for the arrangement of chimneys in a wooden house.
A metal or brick pipe in a wooden house should not touch walls, ceilings or other surfaces.

At the same time, the house turns out to be warm, thanks to the double wall, and pretty. Therefore, after erecting the box, you do not need to think about how to sheathe a wooden house with bricks or decorate the facade with other material.

The only drawback of this technology is that it can only be used for capital structures - houses, outbuildings, etc. If you need a wooden annex to brick house, for example, a veranda, then for these purposes it is better to use a traditional timber.

The fact is that a do-it-yourself wooden veranda attached to a brick house in most cases has frame structure... But, even if you make its walls solid, certain difficulties will still arise when using blocks.

But attaching a brick structure to such a house will turn out without problems. Moreover, there are several ways to connect a wooden house with a brick extension. Most often, for this, reinforcement is used, which is driven into the walls, and then laid into the masonry, which allows you to obtain a reliably connected structure.

Advice!
Often, novice masters are interested in how it is done wooden extension to a brick house with your own hands?
This design can be performed both on a columnar and strip foundation.
In this case, adjacent elements are attached to brick wall dowel-nails.

Here, perhaps, is all the basic information about wooden brick and the construction of houses from it.

Output

Wood bricks are promising modern material... Its main advantage lies in the cost-effectiveness of production. In addition, small blocks are more convenient to build and provide more options for architects.

Get additional useful information on the sounded topic, you can from the video in this article.

rubankom.com

What are the features of wood bricks?

Wooden brick is a block that looks like a ceramic brick. The block has almost the same dimensions and proportions, but there are locks on its four sides, due to which the fasteners are carried out. The blocks are well polished, their surface is smooth and shiny. All this makes it possible to refuse facade cladding... The wall turns out to be unusually beautiful, it literally shimmers in the light, like varnished. The color of the wood can be different, it all depends on what kind of material was chosen for production. It is possible to combine blocks, but you need to pay attention to the strength of such a connection.

For fixing bricks to wood, there is no need to use special means... This is one of the main advantages of the material.

The absence of gaskets and mortar makes the cost of the structure lower, but the strength is not the best. Therefore, experts do not recommend using blocks for the construction of massive and large buildings. But a small country house or gazebo will turn out to be beautiful and reliable.

Advantages and disadvantages of wood bricks

Wood itself is a high quality and durable material with excellent characteristics, but its use for making bricks is still controversial. From undeniable merits This material should be noted:

The brick is resistant to deformation, which is made possible by strict control of drying and further processing.
The cost of bricks is low, such a house will turn out to be inexpensive.
Wooden bricks are made only from natural wood. It is environmentally friendly, has numerous useful properties, and creates an optimal microclimate in the house.
During operation, it does not emit harmful and toxic substances at all.
The thermal insulation characteristics of the house are not bad, although it should not be used for a harsh climate, it simply does not withstand such exploitation.
Assembly is quick, no mortar, connectors, gaskets and other fasteners are used during installation.
The choice of sizes and shapes of bricks is varied, you can buy a smooth common material, but there are also beautiful bricks with decorative edges.
It is possible to build a variety of structures, which is a clear advantage over frame houses.

Not everything is as rosy as it might seem: a brick with a tree also has drawbacks that do not allow blocks to be used so widely today. Among these disadvantages are:

A house made of such material is suitable only for warm and temperate climate, for cold areas it is completely unsuitable. This is especially true of the harsh climate of the North, where the usual log houses showed themselves from the best side.
For construction, a carefully drawn up project is required - otherwise the house will simply fall apart, its walls will not withstand all the loads. It is drawn up by a professional designer, and this requires certain costs.

The disadvantages are not so numerous, but even the low cost of the building and the lack of the need for facade finishing rarely outweigh them. Experts advise to look for a completely different option for a large estate, for example, an ordinary timber.

How are wood bricks made?

Wooden brick is a rectangular bar that really resembles a small ceramic block, its proportions are almost the same, but the sizes can vary greatly. On the four sides of the block, special locking grooves and spikes are cut out on machines, with the help of which the fastening is carried out. Usually the width is about 7 cm, but the length can be different, ranging from 31 cm to several meters.

Can I make wooden bricks with my own hands? They are produced only in the workshop conditions, as they provide with their own hands required quality hard.

For this, only the highest quality wood is taken, most often these are pre-processed boards of pine, spruce, cedar, and larch is also used. Before starting work, all wooden blanks are placed in special bags, then stacked in large drying units.

Precise control over the moisture content of the material is important, which should reach a value of strictly 12%. At home, such accuracy is almost impossible to achieve.

After that, on special machines, processing, milling of grooves and studs is carried out. If necessary, then immediately applied to the front surface decorative drawings or edges. Next, the bricks are polished. It provides a beautiful and smooth surface that is found only in natural wood.

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ADVANTAGES OF WOODEN BRICK

Houses made of timber bricks are devoid of all the disadvantages that appear in houses built from wood of natural moisture, and there are also environmental advantages over glued beams.

Wooden bricks have no deformation, shrinkage, wall cracks. Wooden bricks have a high surface quality comparable to furniture quality.

Dry wood bricks are lighter than natural moisture materials. This fact makes it possible to lighten the construction of the foundation and significantly reduce the cost of its construction.

The small weight and size of wooden bricks makes it possible not to use cranes, loaders and heavy equipment during transportation and on the construction site

So, wood brick has no flaws at all?

Alas, of course, this is not the case. You cannot start construction without a well-designed project, otherwise the walls may simply fall under the influence of loads. It is also not recommended to erect multi-storey buildings and houses of a large area from it - such structures will be unstable. Well, if your region has a harsh climate, then a wooden brick just won't work for you - the house will turn out to be quite cold.

Many home craftsmen will ask themselves - is it possible to make such a wooden brick at home? Experts are rather skeptical about such an initiative. Indeed, many specific and rather high requirements are imposed on the material, and even on the product itself, which is very problematic, and sometimes even impossible, to comply with in the conditions of a home workshop. And the plant has high-precision milling and grinding equipment.

Professionals are allowed only self-styling wooden bricks, but with the obligatory observance of the following rules: the brick is laid in order; adherence to the order is mandatory; the block is laid with an edge on the lock; for both the outer and inner rows, a transverse dressing is required every 3 blocks.

In this case, the dressing material is the same as the one from which the masonry is made; the overlap of the dressing with the bricks of the lower row is not allowed. It must be regularly shifted by 0.5 bricks.

There are not so many materials for the construction of wooden houses. But scientists are thinking about new products. So in America the method of small wooden blocks is patented. Our compatriot improved and modified the bricks made of wood and even built such a house. Timber brick may be an innovation that will change the way timber houses are viewed and make construction fast and inexpensive. What kind of material is this, and what kind of wooden structures can be assembled from it?

In America, more than 20 years ago, a new method was patented, when the walls are assembled from small wooden blocks. Waste from a local timber processing factory was used for production, and high technologies were not even used. But the inventor built a house out of such bricks and the innovation did not develop further. There was little publicity for a number of reasons:

The assembly method was not worked out, it is clear that the author assembled the walls simply by the selection method, for good luck;
The purpose of this assembly: to reduce the cost of personal construction without pursuing ambitious and greedy interests;
It was not possible to introduce the technology into production due to the lack of proper equipment, we recall that it was 20 years ago;
No one was allowed to promote this invention, and the technology aroused mistrust among specialists.

In the modern world, an analogue of the invention is already used in the domestic and European industries, for example, the Baltic Architect enterprise began producing such bricks in 2013. But the invention was truly patented in Russia by a simple architect who was looking for a method to simplify and reduce the cost of wooden housing construction by Sergey Aleksandrovich Lichin in 2012.

What is wood brick?

The method of assembling the walls is also interesting, since for any wall thickness, the material consumption will be the same.

What horizons does the use of wooden bricks reveal?

It is not uncommon for a material with a larger section to be dried incompletely, and the buyer overpays for chamber drying. The details of the wooden bricks are small and will take a short time to dry. By purchasing small parts, you can expect that the buyer will receive exactly chamber drying.
There will be practically no internal stress in small parts, so the walls will not crack when the house shrinks.
Dried bricks do not lose their correct geometric shape.
Production is less costly, since it is easy to select the right part of the array for manufacturing.
For the processing of small wooden parts, expensive and massive equipment is not needed. And it's easier to transport small parts to the construction site.
You don't need to hire a large team to assemble a house. Even one master can handle the installation of small blocks.
Small details make it possible to assemble a wall of the most complex shape with multiple angles and slopes.
Can be made from leftover timber production.

The specifics of assembling the walls of a log house from wooden blocks

The assembly of wooden brick walls can also be called an invention. The blockhouse is made according to the principle of hollow walls. Installation takes place along a continuous multi-tiered chain, with a binding. Wooden spacers with profiled ends are placed in the void between the two walls. The spacers serve as a ligament between the outer and inner walls of the house. They are fastened in a certain sequence and in the necessary places.

Tensioners in a structure can be track or rod. They are mounted inside the structure and create an additional vertical load. From below, the tensioner is attached to the foundation using anchor bolts. The tensioners are mounted after the complete assembly of the log walls.

This new construction provides certain qualities of a timber frame:

During installation, you do not need to use adhesives, cushioning insulation and fasteners. The tightness of the connection is ensured by the profiles - the comb, and the vertical loads are adjusted by the tensioners. They also add stability to the walls.
There is no need to install additional windows for windows and doors, since the construction of internal partitions and small wooden bricks creates a base of monolithic wood that will not sag or warp.
If you increase the size of the internal void in the wall, then the wall thickness will change from 300 to 600 mm. In this case, the consumption of wooden bricks will not change.
For manufacturing, you can use the wood of any tree. And when assembling, for example, a sauna, you can make the inner part of the wall from expensive larch, and the outer part from pine. At the same time, the internal space reduces heat loss by 2-3 times, so any type of wood can be taken for construction.
The void in the hay gives you the added ability to easily hide wiring or water pipes. And even sawdust can be used as a heater.
With a temperature difference in the house and outside, the inner and outer walls can move relative to each other, such as with a double bar system. But this will not happen when using wooden bricks, since a special gap in the profile of 10-20 mm protects the walls from deformation load. Another addition from deformation is the internal spacers around window and door openings.

Hello everyone, continuing the theme of building a country house, I want to introduce you to a new type of construction technology - wooden brick masonry.

To put new house, first of all, it is necessary to determine the place of construction and, in which all building materials are clearly indicated. Before today of course, the most common and promising building materials were considered concrete, brick, different kinds blocks(today it is probably in the lead ) and others. But nevertheless, the tree, as it has been from time immemorial, remains the most popular in the construction, by the way, not only of residential buildings or summer cottages, but also equally necessary ancillary and other important buildings and outbuildings for comfortable living. And few people know, but a house can be successfully built made of wooden bricks... Moreover, this can be done even in one hand.

No one doubts that wood is, first of all, a natural building material that can "breathe", and therefore have a beneficial effect on humans. Here are just the prices for building a house from a rounded bar, let's say not everyone can afford it.

Wooden bricks as a material for building a house

Wooden bricks

It's hard to surprise anyone today new construction technologies... Various new items appear on our markets every now and then. Manufacturing environmentally friendly, reliable and at the same time inexpensive materials- this is the main task in the activities of building creators. It was they who invented the wooden building brick for the construction of a country house, a country house.

Wooden brick - features, advantages, price

What kind of miracle is this wooden brick and what is its price? What he really is? Let's figure it out.

Wooden brick house wall masonry

An ordinary, only wooden brick immediately comes to mind. Quite right, but with a standard brick, our miracle technique is only slightly similar in form and name. In fact, wood brick is the closest "Relative" rather, a wooden bar, only, as you guessed yourself, it is smaller in size. And the principle of building a house is completely different, due to the special form factor of a block made of wood. it wooden blocks with dimensions 65 x 19 x 6 cm, on the walls of which there are special locks for fastening- and this is the key feature of the product. Wherein wood brick production technology allows the manufacture of a product with other parameters that differ from the standards. For example, there is a hollow brick (voids are filled with sawdust), or a brick glued from lamellas, with the use of fasteners and without, and other nuances. The main thing here is adherence to the core idea. And certain nuances of technology are selected depending on specific situation and / or preferences.

In the production of wooden blocks, it is used exclusively highest quality, a number of operations are applied; from drying until reaching from 8 to 10%, and ending with mechanical processing and grinding of all brick surfaces.

At the end, we get a product that, in principle, does not need additional processing. Walls made of neatly polished wooden bricks look just great without additional cladding. But nevertheless, they need protection from natural precipitation and other influences. Therefore, it would be wiser to put something on them.

Wooden brick masonry has an advantage over timber and ordinary bricks.

Due to the light weight of wooden bricks and "magic grooves", there is no need to mix mortars like when laying ordinary bricks, or, if compared with the construction of a house from a bar, there is no need for significant carpentry skills, to erect the walls of the house even a beginner in a building house can... In this case, the surface of the wall will be as flat as possible - it is going as if a Lego constructor, where the evenness is predetermined by the grooves. In this case, neither nails, nor screws, glue, etc. are required, or the very minimum is needed - it depends on the nuances of the technology. In addition, small-format material is easier to transport.

Many builders of their own houses complain that after assembling a wooden frame, they have to wait for some time until it dries up and shrinks. And only then start installing doors, windows and finishing. Plus, the timber can twist during the drying process. After using wooden bricks, you do not have to wait for the drying and shrinkage stages. With their small size laying of wooden bricks practically does not deform, and this is another important advantage.

Moreover, with building a house from wooden bricks there is no need to use expensive construction equipment. Obviously, the most expensive elements can be rigid structures - crowns and pillars. Without them, unless, of course, we want our new housing to develop like a house of cards, we cannot do.

And finally, the price of wooden bricks. When studying the firms (in principle, there are not so many of them) producing them, you can see a significant variation in price - somewhere between 10-15,000 rubles. per cubic meter, and somewhere around 40,000+ per cubic meter (2019). It is clear that a lot depends on the nuances of technology, quality, etc. But the fact is that competition has not yet been established here and, accordingly, the price has not "settled down". But let's take an average price of 20,000 rubles. For example, in the Krasnodar Territory a cube of untreated wood (pine) costs about 12,000 rubles. Considering that a building made of such wood will cause mass additional costs and labor costs, the conclusion suggests itself.

Disadvantages of wood bricks

Many will ask "Doesn't this wooden brick have any flaws at all?" Of course, this is not entirely true. In principle, there are no ideal materials / technologies in construction, there are only the most optimal ones for a given situation.

You cannot start such a construction from wooden bricks without a well-calculated project (however, this is true for the construction of a house from any materials). Otherwise, the walls may not withstand the load and fall apart.
It is also not recommended to build a multi-storey building and houses with a large area from wooden bricks - these buildings will be unstable.
In addition, if your region has a harsh climate, then this wooden product will not suit you either - the building will be cold. You can, of course, additionally insulate such a wall from the outside, there are many ways. But then the essence of such construction is lost - getting a wall with a finished exterior finish.

Make a wooden brick yourself?

Surely many home craftsmen asked the question: "Is it easy to make this wooden brick with your own hands at home?" The designers are rather skeptical about this question. To the material, and indeed to our wooden product many specific and rather high requirements are imposed, which are hardly possible to comply with at home, unless, of course, you do not have a whole workshop on the site with everything necessary equipment... The plant always has high-precision milling, grinding and other equipment.

DIY wall erection, rules

Non-professionals are allowed self-laying wooden bricks, but always in compliance with individual rules: the product is stacked orderly, adherence to the order is mandatory; the brick is laid with an edge on the lock; for both inner and outer rows, a transverse ligation is required every three bricks.

This is how a wall of wood-brick is built with your own hands

Accordingly, the dressing material must correspond to the masonry material; the overlap of the dressing with the bricks of the lower row is not permissible. It is recommended to shift it by half a brick. Only in this way will you find correct design, a good drawing and a hollow wall. Into the space between the inside and outside wall thermal insulation is placed.

The walls of the house must be protected from moisture penetration, and therefore a novice developer must study well the mechanisms of moisture penetration. We will talk with you in the following articles about what structures of the walls of a building house should be guided by, how to ensure their hydro and vapor barrier, as well as about protection from external moisture.

Thermal insulation of wooden walls

In the case of using the technology using wooden hollow bricks filled with heat-insulating material (there is also such a subtype of technology, see the video below), the width of the space for thermal insulation can be changed up to 60 cm.In any case, this change will not affect the number of wooden bricks in the masonry ... The use of various heat-retaining materials is allowed as thermal insulation. It happens that ordinary sawdust is poured into this space - they perfectly retain heat in the house.

Wooden brick video

The production technology is clearly shown here:

The technology of construction from hollow wooden bricks with sawdust filling is shown:

Presentation of block-bricks made of wood, where a representative of the company explains the advantages and features of the technology:

In custody

As seen from the above wooden bricks have more advantages than disadvantages... And yet, before starting the construction of a wooden house, you should weigh in detail all the pros and cons, and only then start building a country house from wooden bricks.

This is where we will end the article on building a house by wooden brick masonry... That's all for now, until new articles.

"I live in the city of Shatura, Moscow region. Since childhood, I was" turned "in construction. I mastered many professions, including carpenter-concrete worker, bricklayer-builder, furniture maker. I share my experience on this blog."

A stone house in many ways will give odds to a wooden and frame structures... More durable, less fire hazardous, it will last more than one generation. Plus, they significantly reduce the time for the construction of the building. There are many types of blocks, let's try to figure out how to choose the best option for the available budget.

Building blocks: types and specifications

The basis of any building block is concrete. Sometimes it is the only one, more often - in combination with other materials. A classic reinforced concrete block is made of gravel and reinforced with metal to increase the strength of the structure. The building material turns out to be heavy (the minimum weight of one block is 15 kg), therefore it is used mainly for laying the foundation and external walls in multi-storey buildings.

In the construction of individual housing, a country house, a cottage, the construction of walls for the interior layout of premises, blocks of so-called lightweight concrete are used, whose bulk density does not exceed 1800-2000 kg / m3. "Filling" here are porous, cellular and light organic fillers. Manufacturers are not only trying to make concrete lighter, but also to reduce the heat transfer of the building, to increase vapor permeability.

Slag concrete blocks are created in special pressing machines on the basis of slag metallurgical and ash waste, fine gravel. About the harm to the health of such blocks is a myth. In the USSR, slag-alkali concrete was successfully built multi-story houses... In Europe, tens of millions of tons per year are still produced. Such concrete and blocks made of it are several times cheaper. Of these, they prefer to erect industrial buildings, warehouses, garages, sheds.

Foam concrete blocks are made from cement, water and a foaming agent (cellular concrete). The solution is whipped and poured into molds, standard sizes 20x30x60 cm. Lightweight material, keeps heat and sound well. Convenient for the construction of internal, non-bearing walls.

Expanded clay blocks. Material filled with foamed fired clay granules, made by pressing. Variations are possible: polymer insulation and cladding (does not require additional processing and insulation), imitation of brick, tile or even natural stone.

Arbolite blocks. The "concreteness" of the material is very conditional, since 90% of it consists of wood chips, fastened with cement, and often slaked lime with aluminum sulfate. A house with walls made of wood concrete is almost a wooden house: dry and warm, but at the same time the material is not flammable and does not rot, although it actively absorbs moisture. Sawdust concrete blocks are similar in composition to them.

Ceramic blocks (or). In fact, they are, but wood chips are mixed into the clay, which during heat treatment burn out, forming peculiar pores in the structure of the material. The size of a standard ceramic block is 38x24.8x23.8 cm. They are durable and hold heat well, but they absorb a lot of moisture and have a rather fragile structure, therefore it is not recommended to gouge them, it is also impossible to use the shock mode when drilling.

Polymer blocks consist of a concrete base and polystyrene, which makes the material strong and good at keeping heat. But the polymer block tends to under heavy load on supporting structure sit down. Therefore, it is better to use it for the construction of partitions or insulation, but not the main walls.

Building block selection criteria

There can be three goals: structural, structural and thermal insulation, thermal insulation. Simply put, you just need to build something, insulate, or both together.

The first criterion is the strength of the material, that is, the ability to withstand certain physical loads.

In order to choose a suitable block, you need to look at the brand. So the brand of expanded clay M - 50-150. This means that the material can withstand a load of 50 to 150 kg per square centimeter, which is very high strength.

For example, a foam block is marked with an indicator of 0.25-12.5, which means that it should be erected load-bearing walls will be wrong. On the Internet, you can find summary tables of the strengths of building blocks and make the calculations necessary for specific needs.

The second criterion is the attitude to different temperatures

It is worth paying attention to the frost resistance of the material: any building block is able to withstand a limited number of complete freeze and thaw cycles, after which it will begin to collapse. Even in high latitudes, the walls do not completely freeze through, so the indicator is conditional. The level of frost resistance (Мрз) 35 (it will withstand so many complete frosts) is sufficient, most lightweight concrete blocks reach it. For ceramic models, the figure is 50.

The ability of the material to absorb moisture

Concrete is inferior to brick here, so walls made of any type of blocks need external finishing of facades (cladding, plaster, siding, etc.). Therefore, the finishing procedure should not be postponed for a year, until the start of the new summer cottage season.

Is it necessary to take into account the shrinkage of a house or cottage made of building blocks?

Much depends on the foundation here: for the construction of low-rise buildings, a monolithic strip foundation is usually laid out from building blocks, which is relatively budgetary and quite durable. The material also plays a role: aerated concrete and foam concrete are most susceptible to shrinkage, while expanded clay concrete, ceramics and wood concrete successfully cope with this challenge. In any case, it is necessary to observe the technology of masonry, in particular, do not forget about its reinforcement with a special metal mesh or alternative material (plastic, for example) along the entire perimeter of the walls. This procedure will become something like a screed and prevent cracks on the walls.

Why are concrete building blocks better than wood and bricks?

Build with concrete blocks of any type is much faster than with bricks, even taking into account the time spent on reinforcement. Some craftsmen cope on their own, without resorting to the help of construction crews. It is much easier to calculate the required number of blocks (by the way, there are convenient online calculators) than the volume of bricks or wood consumption.

But after the walls are erected, the question of their finishing will inevitably arise, and here again options are possible. So, for example, for gas blocks and foam blocks, it is necessary to provide some ventilation space, since they absorb moisture well.

Expanded clay and ceramics go well with brick facades and plaster. Siding, lining, facades with insulation and so on are actively practiced. Everything here depends on your tastes and budget. The very construction of the "skeleton" of a building from blocks is not only faster, but also cheaper than brick construction.

Subject to simple rules (foundation with minimal shrinkage, finishing that does not allow moisture accumulation), a house made of artificial stone will stand for 100 years for sure. The construction of foam blocks, wood concrete, with proper operation, will withstand several dozen without major renovation.