How to make an attic frame. How to build a mansard roof with your own hands using a unique construction technology

If you have a country house, then you have probably thought more than once about turning the attic into a cozy attic. This is a great alternative to building a second floor. Do-it-yourself attic will significantly expand living space, increase the number of rooms, change the appearance of the house. It can be used as an office, a nursery, a winter garden, a place for gatherings with friends ... How to build an attic and make these dreams come true - read this article.

Attic or attic floor - a room built under the roof of the house. This concept was introduced by the French architect Francois Mansart, who in the 17th century came up with the purpose of the attic. And today, attics are actively used to expand the living space, increase the comfort of the house.

Do-it-yourself attic construction: stages

In order for the attic floor to become functional, it must be built or converted. Attic construction - complex technological process, requiring accurate calculations, this is far from being possible for everyone. The construction of the attic consists of the following stages:

• dismantling of the old roofing system;
• strengthening of wall structures;
• warming and waterproofing of the room;
• construction of end walls;

What you need to know before you make an attic with your own hands

There are general rules. The attic device is preferably planned at the design stage of the house. This will make it possible to correctly calculate its load-bearing structures and properly organize the construction site. If a house with an attic is built according to a finished drawing, it provides for the use of additional fortifications.

The scheme of the roof of the attic floor, building a house from a bar

But an attic-type superstructure can also be built on a finished house. In which case it is possible to complete the attic floor?

If it is planned to build this room in a finished house, several important factors must be considered. The construction of an attic requires not only compliance with a certain technology for performing work, but also an assessment of the condition of the house before construction. It is necessary to carry out a calculation that will show whether the house will withstand the extension of the floor. The foundation and walls of the building are being checked.

If this old house, then the walls of the structure are dilapidated, they will not withstand the weight attic floor. The old foundation during the construction of the attic structure can crack and “float”.

The construction of the attic floor with your own hands is also not recommended on buildings built of brick and foam blocks. The reason is that these are very fragile materials from which load-bearing walls cannot be laid.

Superstructure of the attic floor, photo

Important: At the design stage, it is necessary to provide for the remoteness of all communications from the attic floor. Also at this stage, they are determined with the roof structure, its elements, appearance, so that it blends harmoniously with the house.

The construction project should include insulation and decoration of the attic floor. The extension must be well insulated so that it retains heat, and the structure itself can breathe.

How to make an attic with your own hands

The device of the attic floor requires the use of the following materials:

• wall panels for sheathing the ends of the building;
• beams for the construction of a mansard roof;
• wooden beams;
• roofing material for the roof;
• insulation for walls and pitched roofs;
• insulating materials;

Please note: Materials for construction should be light so as not to weigh down the overlap between floors.

Design

The construction of a wooden attic begins with the development of a project. At the design stage, a calculation is made, the choice of the roof structure.

Roof structure

The built room can be triangular, broken, asymmetric, occupy space above the whole house, or only above its part. It depends on the type of roof.

The most simple design- single-sided. It is a plane fixed on the bearing walls. different heights, and tilted to one side.

We build an attic with our own hands - a shed construction

The most common is a gable roof, which consists of two inclined planes, not fixed in opposite directions.

Cozy country house with a gable roof

Meets and broken structure attic. It is used in not big houses and consists of two or more parts that form a broken line.

A sloping roof is used to increase the attic space, or for decorative purposes.

It is found in the construction of country houses and a hipped roof.

The roof, which has four slopes, makes the attic structure comfortable for living.

To give home original form build complex conical, domed and pyramidal roofs.

Attic with a domed structure

Advice: When choosing a roof structure during construction, it is imperative to take into account its load on the foundation. It is also important to observe a single style of roofing of the attic floor and the house so that it meets the design and operational requirements.

Mansard roof can be of any shape. It is mounted on a special frame, built taking into account the desired parameters of the future room.

As a rule, the roof is laid on a frame with a slope angle of 30-60˚ and combines the actual roof, ceiling and walls.

The best option is considered a gable broken roof, which provides more living space. For its construction, inclined truss systems are used, which are mounted on the walls of the building. They must be strong enough to withstand vertical and horizontal loads.

On a note: It may be necessary to build additional internal walls, which will be used as load-bearing structures that provide roof support.

Building an attic general design structures

truss system- roof frame. In the future, a crate is attached to it and a finishing coating is mounted. The building frame is processed by special means for protection against fire, moisture.

If the installation of the attic was not originally included in the design of the house, care should be taken to install stairs, windows, as well as heat and sound insulation of the room.

To keep the heat in the house, tiles, slate, plastic coatings should be used as roofing material.

Important: Work on the construction of the attic floor requires high professionalism and deep knowledge of construction technology. Do-it-yourself construction of a mansard roof, without experience in performing this kind of work, can have undesirable consequences.

Glazing

The phased construction of the roof also provides for the installation of windows on the attic floor. They are vertical and pitched. The angle of their inclination should coincide with the slope of the roof. Windows are located at a height of 70 cm, 1 m from the floor.

The installation of pitched windows allows more light to enter the room on the top floor, in addition, at night they offer a beautiful view of the starry sky

The choice of windows for the built attic depends entirely on the preferences of the owner of the house, but we should not forget that they must be of high quality.

Attic window installation

When the premises are built and windows are installed, the attic floor is connected to the rest of the living space with the help of a ladder and finishing work is carried out.

About how to properly and efficiently organize the construction of the attic with your own hands - video:

Attic construction - options

In a short time, a frame attic can be erected with your own hands.

It can be built simultaneously with the construction of a house made of wood or timber.

Do-it-yourself wooden frame attic, photo

This is perfect option for a quick and inexpensive expansion of living space by completing the attic floor.

The attic of a log looks beautiful and colorful

Also, an additional floor can be built on the finished foundation of a brick house.

Wooden structure on the basis of a house made of bricks and aerated concrete

In large houses with a strong base, the frame of the structure can be made of metal.

Metal frame attic floor

An example of how to equip from an old attic cozy attic DIY - video:

Outcome

The attic floor in many houses has long ceased to be empty - they began to use it as an additional functional room. To complete the attic in the house, or in the country with your own hands, will provide an opportunity to get a full-fledged second floor, which can be used at your discretion.

The attic does not have to be used as a place to store unnecessary things. Very often, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthis room allows you to equip it with a full-fledged living area or a place for family leisure, or a hobby. The idea of ​​such construction has been successfully used since the middle of the 17th century thanks to the French architect Francois Mansart and is especially relevant for increasing the area of ​​a private house, and sometimes city apartments.

How to settle in an attic, what activities should be carried out for this, and how to build an attic where it has never been? Look for answers to these questions in our article.

Building an attic

The attic device will help to significantly reduce construction costs in general, rationally use the available floor space and realize the most daring ideas. The attic floor can occupy both the entire attic and part of it, depending on the purpose of the future premises: a bedroom, an office, an office or a bathroom.

Cozy attic do it yourself

Do-it-yourself attic construction also provides the following advantages:

• The infrastructure of the main building is fully used.
• Significantly increased living space.
• Reducing heat loss through the roof and, as a result, reducing energy consumption in the cold season.
• Relatively simple installation (without the use of special equipment) and the possibility of being in the house during construction.
• Possibility of construction of one- or two-level floor.

How to make the attic a unique architectural element

Important: When building an attic floor with your own hands, you need to take into account the design features of the building, including: the height of the walls, the shape of the roof, the location of communications - and comply with fire safety requirements.

Features of the construction of the attic floor

The roof is a building envelope, which, in addition to precipitation and temperature changes from the outside, is subject to influences from the inside: heat and moisture from the living space, and they can cause dampness and corrosion. Therefore, during the construction of the attic floor, very stringent requirements are put forward for hydro, steam and thermal insulation of the roof, compliance with which will ensure reliable protection premises from negative factors.

How to properly insulate the attic floor during construction

Also, when building an attic floor, it is important to take care of good ventilation, which is installed between the insulation and the roof. This will ensure the removal of excess moisture and ventilation of the attic.

Particular attention should be paid to construction technology and the materials used (especially their weight) - this will ensure the safe operation of the attic floor in the future. In addition, do not forget that the use of the attic floor as a living space does not eliminate compliance technical requirements roof maintenance.

Where to start building?

Before the start of construction, a technical examination of the building is carried out. It is worth remembering that initially the walls and foundation of the building were designed for a certain load, and the construction of an additional floor will significantly increase it, so you should make sure of their bearing capacity.

Construction frame attic

Design

The next stage of construction will be the development and approval of the attic floor project - for this it is better to turn to qualified specialists who will help draw up a competent drawing, calculate loads and estimates.

Important: If the construction of the attic with your own hands is carried out within the city, then for this it is necessary to obtain permission from the city authorities, an expert opinion and the consent of all the owners of the building.

The attic floor plan is developed based on the layouts of the main building, with the roof geometry playing the dominant role. The architectural appearance of the house will affect not only the design of the truss system, but also the materials used in construction and individual elements of the attic. All structures and details should be as light as possible, which will ensure minimal load on the walls of the building and ensure easy lifting of materials to the floor.

If the roof of the house has a large slope, then the choice roofing materials, insulation and waterproofing during the construction of the attic floor should be approached very carefully.

In addition, all communications of the attic floor must be interconnected with the systems in the house, their joint work should be ensured.

The shape of the room, as well as its dimensions, determine the choice of windows, their design and placement in the interior.

Attic construction

Regardless of whether the attic is being built with your own hands, the photo below, in an existing attic or being built from scratch, it is necessary to ensure the unity of architectural and design solutions.

It is possible to build a wooden attic on a brick house

The design of the attic is best made of wood (from timber) or a metal profile, in addition, you can complete the floor from SIP panels, as in the photo below. Stone materials, including brick and concrete, are not recommended for use in construction due to their heavy weight. In extreme cases, you can use blocks of aerated concrete.

We build an attic with our own hands using SIP panels

For roofing, durable but lightweight materials are also suitable, such as profiled sheets, bituminous or composite tiles, metal tiles.

Since the attic has large area surface of contact with the environment and through the roof there are significant heat losses, then it is necessary to take care of high-quality and effective thermal insulation of this floor. For insulation, it is best to use mineral wool or fiberglass with a thickness of 150 mm or more. With inside on the attic floor, the insulation must be closed with a vapor barrier, and from the side of the roof - with waterproofing. In addition, between the waterproofing and the roof, it is necessary to arrange a ventilation system that will ensure the removal of excess moisture.

Since the attic is a living space, it needs natural light, which windows will help provide. It can be either ordinary vertical window structures that are mounted in walls, or special inclined windows that are installed in the roof plane at an angle of 15-90 degrees.

Skylights- Expensive but effective

Important: Roof windows let in more light than standard windows with a smaller opening area. To ensure the most efficient and uniform lighting, the ratio of window area to floor area should be 1:10.

The final stage of the device of the attic floor will be finishing work. The simplest option for facing the walls of the attic floor is drywall; internal partitions can also be constructed from it. GKL sheets are attached to a metal profile frame, after which they are puttied and a finish coating can be applied: paint, wallpaper, etc. In addition to drywall, walls can be sheathed with clapboard, wood paneling- the choice of material depends on the purpose and design of the future attic. For the floor, the same materials that are used throughout the building are suitable: parquet, laminate, batten, ceramic tiles, etc.

Upon completion of construction, you can do the design: think over the interior, install a ladder, arrange furniture, etc.

More about building an attic with your own hands (video):

Attic floor extension

The superstructure of the attic floor makes it possible to simply and effectively increase the living space without the use of expensive equipment and complex technologies, and such construction can be carried out both in a private house and in a typical city building. The cost of completion is about half of the cost of new construction. The design can be wooden - from logs and timber; stone - from foam blocks, from brick and concrete; from metal, as well as their various combinations.

Monolithic attic can have any shape

It is necessary to determine which part of the building structure will bear the load from the extension. If the strength of the walls and foundation is not enough, you will need to install racks on the outside of the building on separate foundation that will support the attic floor. New attic frame independent foundation also necessary in an old house if the supporting structures have significant wear. It would be useful to change the attic floor, since it is most likely not designed for a large load.

The attic device involves the construction of a load-bearing structure, which depends on the roof truss system. For the construction of this structure, it is better to use light materials: thin-walled profile and wood. They will help speed up construction, since fastening is carried out by bolts and rivets. The optimal angle of the slope of the rafters should be 45-60 degrees.

Important: In the manufacture of the truss system, one should be guided by the conditions of the area where the construction is being carried out. Load bearing capacity roofing must be designed for the pressure of wind, snow and roofing material.

The roofs themselves, the figure below, can be:

• Shed.
• Gable.
• broken lines.
• Hip.

1 - a simple gable roof; 2 - gable roof with attic wall; 3 - hip; 4 - four-slope

The last two types are best suited for the attic, but the final choice is determined by the intensity of the load acting on the coating.

During construction, it should be taken into account that the width of the room should not be less than 4.5 m, and the area of ​​​​the entire attic floor should not be less than 7 m2, while the ratio of height and area is ideally 1:2.

The easiest construction option is to build a frame attic with your own hands. To install the attic, it is necessary to remove the old roof, examine the condition of the supporting structures for damage and develop a floor plan. After that, the foundation and the attic frame are mounted. Then the installation and insulation of the roof is carried out.

Read more about how to build an attic with your own hands - video:

The mansard roof is one of best ways increase the total area of ​​​​your home, with minimal financial costs. By erecting a similar structure, you get an additional enough spacious room, which can become a good nursery or yours personal account. You can also just invite guests there, in general, there are a lot of options for you to choose from. Equipping it, you need to be prepared that everything is important to do correctly and step by step. The mansard roof itself is a converted attic, its creation requires a structural approach to the overall redevelopment, roofing and thermal insulation. Mansard roof construction country house, almost does not differ from the construction of a conventional roof. Below we will carefully study how to properly build mansard roof.

First of all, you need to consider the advantages and disadvantages of such a roof, in order to finally decide whether to proceed with its construction.

Advantages and disadvantages of a mansard roof

The advantages of mansard roofs include:

• additional room. As we have already discussed above, the main advantage of the attic is an additional spacious room that you can equip as you like according to your taste;
• moderate financial costs. The second factor of such a floor is the relatively low cost of its construction. Indeed, the construction of an attic will cost you much less than adding additional rooms to the house due to the general expansion of the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house;
• view from the window. Beautiful view from the attic window will not leave anyone indifferent, since a view of the world from a height is always beautiful.

The disadvantages of the attic floor can only be attributed to the need for additional heating. On the video you can clearly see the construction process:

Types of mansard roofs

If you decide to start building an attic roof, then first of all you need to start by designing how your work will look like in the end result, and also how exactly to implement your plan. The main decisions regarding the type of roofs must be made taking into account the design features of the house.

The main types of roofs include:

On the video you can see how the mansard roof is being built:

Below we consider the device of this roof, which you can build yourself

Attic device

Mansard roofs are very similar to simple ones. pitched roofs. Each type of such roofs has its own design features, but in general they all have common elements, consider them:

1. Roof. The surface of the roof, which is outside, serves to protect against rain, snow and other bad weather;
2. Crate. Basically, these are wooden boards, a roof is attached to them;
3. Skate ride. The outer part of the entire roof structure;
4. Rafter. These are layered or hanging stiffeners of the entire structure. For the attic, it is the layered rafters that are used;
5. Internal supports. Vertical beams serve to ensure the strength and stability of the roof;
6. insulating layer. An insulating cake of several layers is placed between the walls of the premises and the roof, which allows you to maintain the temperature regime throughout the entire attic room. Insulation includes soundproofing, vapor barrier, as well as a thick layer of thermal insulation. Of course, the safety of the roof itself directly depends on the correct insulation of the roof.

Video to help you get started:

Attic construction. Technology

Quite often, architects, when designing a roof, lose sight of significant errors in ventilation and insulation. These mistakes are fraught with the fact that mold, fungus appears on the roof and, in general, it begins to leak in just two years. This happens because the attic construction technology is violated. Due to the fact that it is strongly pressed against the wall inside the room, it is very difficult to achieve good heat transfer. The entire structure of the attic should include good ventilation, thermal insulation, as well as a truss structure, which will be made of wood treated with fire retardants.

The thickness of the thermal insulation should be at least 20 cm, since the climate in our area is quite cold in winter, and in summer period hot enough. The main disadvantages of the attic design are that a lot of heat is lost in winter, and it is very hot in the attic in summer. Proper thermal insulation can fully solve this problem, it will keep the heat inside in winter period, and also will not allow a large amount of heat in the intense heat of summer.

It is also necessary to properly equip the ventilation of the roof. In the summer, with enough high temperature, the roof tends to get very hot, this process significantly increases the temperature inside the attic. Properly installed ventilation guarantees comfortable living indoors, and also protects the roof from damage in the winter. Soundproofing is necessary in order to reduce the noise level inside the attic when there is hail, rain or strong gusts of wind outside.

Important! Laying any type of insulation is preferably paired with a person with experience in this matter.

Step-by-step construction of the attic

Well, it's time to consider how you can build this roof step by step with your own hands. To build an attic, you will need some experience in such work. To build an attic is much harder than a regular roof, since the angles of the slopes must be observed. To learn how to build such a floor with your own hands correctly, you need to carefully study the work plan:

Of course, you should start with the development of the floor itself. A specialist can help you with this or, if your computer knowledge is at a sufficient level, you can do everything yourself in a special program. Further, it is imperative for you to correctly calculate the slopes of the roof angles, loads, etc. To do everything correctly, you need to carefully study a book such as "Loads and Effects".

Advice! To understand everything correctly, the book "Loads and Impacts on Buildings and Structures" will help you, ed. Perelmutera A.V. 2007 or ed. Gordeeva V.N. et al., 2008 or 2009, which can be downloaded from http://dwg.ru/dnl/4183

How to make the rafters correctly will help the video:

How to build a truss frame

At this stage, you will have to work hard and for quality performance tasks, you need at least 3-4 workers. We begin the construction of the roof by laying and fixing the Mauerlats over the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house. In this case, a bar with a section of 100x100 mm is used.

This should be followed by installing the frame of the room, its racks will be used as supports for the entire roof structure. The sections of the beam must correspond to the sections of the longitudinal beams, because the racks will rest on them. To begin with, on both sides of the building you need to install vertical racks. They need to be fixed to the longitudinal beams, using self-tapping screws and metal corners.

Advice! A screwdriver will greatly facilitate the process of working on fasteners.

So, we got two arches, a cord should be stretched between them, if its direction is strictly horizontal, then this will mean that everything is done correctly, if not, then one of the arches will have to be shortened a little. Next, with the desired step for the rafters, we put the following arches strictly along the cord. With the help of jumpers we fix the arches, and to fix the jumpers themselves we use special stamped corners.

This is followed by the installation of the upper rafters, and this is quite a difficult job. They must be installed at certain angles and centering, and this is the whole difficulty. Make a template out of two boards, they should match exactly with the connected rafters we are planning to make. When using this template, you should cut the rafters that are on the ground, and then put them in the right place. Installation of rafters takes place in the same way as in the construction of the interior.

The installation of the truss structure ends with the need to nail the crate. The material from which it can be made is plywood, chipboard or simple boards.

How to equip a room under the roof, you can see about it in the video:

How to insulate a mansard roof with your own hands

After the installation of the battens and rafters is completed, we can proceed to the insulating layer. The vapor barrier is laid on the inside of the roof, for this we attach it with brackets to the rafters. This is followed by the installation of thermal insulation. It is necessary to carefully monitor that the thermal insulation layer is tightly laid on the surface of the rafters. There should be no gaps, otherwise it will lead to very negative consequences in the future. The crate is attached to the thermal insulation with a step of 50 cm.

Waterproofing is laid outside the rafters, its direct function: protection against moisture ingress inside. A roof is laid on the surface of the waterproofing.

Attention! When administering construction works safety precautions must be strictly observed.

How to build an attic with your own hands can be seen in the video:

I think you have noticed that the construction of the attic is quite a serious event. The durability of your creation depends on how responsibly you approach the matter.

There are many examples of what a mansard roof might look like. Among its varieties, everyone can choose something of their own. If you need sufficient daylight, you can install big window. Attic shapes can be rounded or with strictly right angles and lines. Whatever choice you make, the approach to this matter must be serious and well thought out.

Reading time ≈ 3 minutes

If you look into history, then the attic was first used in France. It was inhabited by poor people, but today everything has changed, and it has become fashionable and prestigious to have an additional room for living or comfortable rest. In this article, we will look at step by step instructions in which we will tell you how to build an attic with your own hands. In addition, you can see photos and videos of the attic structure with your own hands.

Before starting any work, it should be understood that the additional living space will be located in the place of the attic, which means that the roof structure will need to be completely changed.

Materials for the construction of the attic

So, for the construction of an attic with your own hands, you will need the following materials:

• Reiki.
• Wooden bars.
• Boards.
• Metal corners.
• Fasteners.
• Metal staples.
• Mineral wool.
• Waterproofing.
• window structures.
• Mineral wool.
• Stairs.

In addition to all these materials, you need to prepare a set building tools such as a screwdriver, drill, hacksaw, stapler, chisel, level.

Do-it-yourself step-by-step instructions for building an attic

1. Project of the future attic

The main element in this work is the roof, which is distinguished by its unconventional structure. Very often, window openings are installed in the roof. Their difference is that they are located at an angle. Do-it-yourself attic roof often includes profile changes, making it broken.

2. Roof shape

Imagine in advance what shape the future roof should be and the angles of inclination of the planes.

The roof of the attic can be:

• Broken gable.
• Standard double.
• Single-sided (rare).

Start drawing. It must be done in different projections. Be sure to specify the dimensions and indicate the relative position of all elements.

3. Construction of the frame of the future attic

Experts believe that this stage of construction is considered the most time-consuming. This work cannot be done on your own, it requires the involvement of a partner. Along the perimeter of the upper part of the house, it is necessary to lay a Mauerlat. Next, attach the two extreme racks with slings to the Mauerlat (horizontal bars interconnected) using metal corners. After that, install the longitudinal jumper on the top of the uprights.

4. Arched design

Pull the cord. Between the resulting ones, put the internal elements of the frame. Consider the fact that their size should correspond to the side arches. Between all stoics there should be the same step. Elements arched structure should be fixed with metal brackets and corners. When setting inclined roof elements, maintain the calculated angle of inclination of the slope and centering. After that with outer side the resulting roof with a hammer and nails, nail a crate of slats or boards. Do not forget to leave openings in it for future windows.

5. Hydro and thermal insulation

Hydro and thermal insulation is milestone in the construction of the attic with their own hands. The best option protection of the attic from moisture is a membrane-type film.

It is laid on top of the crate. For insulation, mineral wool is an excellent material. Cotton wool is attached from the inside of the truss system. It is important that the installation is carried out without gaps.

Creating an attic - a popular type of room - with your own hands today is not difficult. Let's look at all the stages of construction, as well as the pros and cons of this design.

Peculiarities

Home is a place where we would like to surround ourselves with comfort, have the opportunity to relax with our families and work. Sometimes this becomes impossible due to lack of square meters. How to make housing spacious and comfortable? Construction technologies have stepped far ahead - resources have appeared that allow you to expand the occupied space with your own hands through extensions. But if there is not enough land, then the attic will be the most successful option!

Currently, this is a fashionable design for private houses. Back in the 17th century, the attic was conceived as a way to expand housing for the poor. And thanks to the French architect Mansard (fr. Mansard), the conversion of roofs into residential apartments has become very popular among the rich. From here, by the way, the name came - attic.

Many people ask the question: "Attic or additional floor?". It is worth clarifying right away that these are two different things. Before choosing one or another option, weigh all the pros and cons, the pros and cons, consider the purpose of your home (dacha or permanent place accommodation), your marital status as well as the budget. It will be much more economical to build an attic than a full-fledged second floor.

In this article, we will tell you how to significantly convert the usable area when minimum investment. And with the implementation of all the necessary activities, you can handle it on your own.

Installation and arrangement of the attic, the facade of which is completely or partially formed by the surface of a sloping roof, is a vast scope for imagination and creativity. So much space shouldn't be wasted! A great studio, office or storage space for unnecessary things will come out here. But isn't it too wasteful to turn precious square meters into a warehouse?

Usually attic space is provided to children who like to be placed on high levels, and besides, low beams for adults often cause some inconvenience. This floor is the last one, and the higher, the better the view, no doubt. The presence of pipes, the proximity to the roof, a remote balcony, a sloping ceiling - all this will become a stylish help for creating an architectural design.

An objective assessment of the specifics and knowledge of the constructive qualities of this type of superstructure give a chance that everything will work out as well as possible, the load-bearing walls and foundation of the house will not be harmed, and the dwelling will serve long time. Believe me, the attic is very useful thing!

Most good decision- this is a frame attic. Before you begin to develop a superstructure plan, you must make sure that the lower floor can withstand the additional load. After all, every person who encounters a building knows that the main building is located on load-bearing structure, which is calculated based on the entire mass of the structure. Therefore, at the beginning of construction, it is necessary to make the necessary calculations, as well as check the foundation for cracks or any damage on it. If necessary, the base will need to be strengthened. At this stage, it is best to turn to professionals.

Based on how the roof is arranged, appearance attic can be different. As a rule, the attic occupies the entire top floor, although sometimes there are options located on one side of the longitudinal axis of the building. It is not often possible to see attics that extend beyond the lower structures.

Most often, the roof is gable or broken. A more complex type of gable configuration is popular: the roof consists of two planes, as it were. But we will discuss each of them in more detail a little later. Windows, large or small, located on the ceiling let in many times more light than regular windows in the rooms on the lower floors.

When choosing a roofing, observe harmony so as not to disturb the combination of the shape of the attic floor and the roof.

You can also immediately insulate the room with SIP panels. As a result, you will get a lightweight construction, which consists of more than 50% of lightweight polystyrene foam, therefore, it does not create a load on walls and ceilings.

There are several design features that cannot be ignored.

• take seriously the thermal insulation, which should be strengthened, because it is the roof that often “suffers” from frequent and sometimes strong temperature changes;
• it is important to make waterproofing conscientiously, so that over time the insulation does not get wet;
• between the thermal insulation layer and the roof, ventilation must be done properly.

The parameters of the truss structure should be determined by the further construction of thermal insulation, which is placed between the timber rafters and has a thickness of at least 20 cm. The rafters must be at least 25 by 25 cm.

The main indicators of wood that are important for the design of the system are flexural and compressive strength, the desired density and moisture content.

Wooden rafters, in turn, require treatment with antiseptics or fire and bioprotective structures and must have fire resistance limits.

Designers are advised to leave the attic space intact. Nevertheless, if it becomes necessary to separate rooms, then it is better to build partitions using drywall.

Consider also the disadvantages of this type of adjustment:

• due to the sloping roof, unlike the usual floor, the size of the attic area will be smaller;
• the height must be optimal, otherwise there will be problems with closing / opening the doors;
• psychological factor: sometimes it seems to people that there is not enough air, every time you want to bend down, a person may feel discomfort;
• regardless of the type of roofing and even correct installation soundproofing sounds from the rain will penetrate the room;
• it is important to think over the heating system correctly;
• the stairs leading to the attic may be too steep and therefore unsafe.

Design options and materials

Using the advice of experts, carefully develop a future attic project. After that, prepare the design of the attic, as this is not just a certain number of square meters, but the individuality of the facade - the pride of the building. The appearance and interior depends on the methods of coating and materials for the roof.

There are several types of roofing.

Shed

The simplest option, which is a sloping area fixed on load-bearing walls. Advantages: ease of calculations and installation work, due to its low weight it is suitable for buildings on simplified foundations. Disadvantages: not the most attractive appearance, sensitivity to loads (snow).

gable

One of the most common options. Such a structure consists of two opposite slopes, which lie on the walls of the building that serve as a support and are connected at the top with a ridge. Material investments in gable roof small enough, while it looks aesthetically attractive. The gable roof device includes: rafters, lathing, inclined planes, mauerlat, horizontal ribs, ridge, valleys, overhangs.

broken line

The broken roof structure is a subspecies of the gable roof, but with a more complex configuration. Because of the shape and the presence of broken lines, this name came about. Such a roof gives the house solidity and solidity.

Four-sided or hip

One of the strongest and most resistant strong wind and leaks during precipitation of roofing systems, where two triangular slopes are installed instead of gables. Complex installation- minus of this design: it requires accuracy when calculating the truss system and installing the frame. For this reason, designing is usually trusted to professionals.

Multi-forceps

Among all the designs, the most complex, but at the same time the most interesting is considered to be multi-forceps. It is characterized by the presence of several gables (from 3 or more). A big plus is the ability to cover several rooms with one level. But in general, this type of attic works mainly on architectural style and design.

The attic part is divided into two types. She may be:

• single-level- enough practical option in execution, which does not require complex development and serious calculations;
• two-level- This is a building that is difficult to erect, the project of which is created immediately together with the house.

Current building technologies make it possible to do in the attic different types balconies. To select the desired design, you should consider the design features of the lower floor. And it doesn't matter if the balcony was already included in the plan, it can be done at the end of all stages of construction.

Most good option location - from the end. In this case, the balcony will resemble a loggia. It is erected together with the attic, which allows you to use part of the roof as a canopy, and the ceiling of the floor as a floor.

Another type of construction is the option when the balcony is located in the roof part. At the stage of roofing, part of the building is left uncovered so that a balcony can be equipped there.

Drawings and calculation

The main parameter when planning the attic floor is the level of the ceiling, optimal height which should be at least 2.5 m. Make a drawing before direct construction, evaluate everything and indicate accurate calculations so that everything can be built accurately. The most ideal option is a broken gable roof, but then as many bearing supports as possible should be installed for sufficient reliability, since this type of roof increases the pressure on the walls.

Do not forget to include the ventilation system, as well as windows and pipes in the calculations. furnace heating, if any are expected.

The height of the superstructure itself has no limit, but the lower ends must be at least 90 cm.

The plan should contain all the information about the shape features, geometric dimensions and slope angles of the slopes.

After the exact calculation of the mansard roof truss system is completed, you should purchase all necessary materials and prepare the roof. Only after that, you can start building.

Do-it-yourself attic manufacturing steps

It is very important to choose the design and style of the interior at the initial stage, as well as decide on the materials for decoration. You should listen to the opinion of professional designers who advise using only high-quality raw materials. We will guide you step by step through all stages of construction.

Roof

So, the first stage is the development of a project for a new future roof in the old building. It does not matter whether it is single-pitched, double-pitched or broken, without a doubt the appearance of the result will directly depend on the structural properties of the roof, as well as the raw materials used. Make a diagram in different perspectives to better understand how to place the elements of the truss system. The most important thing is to accurately calculate the height of the roof ridge, because the size of the area under it depends on it.

We take the height of the ridge about 3.5 m - with the independent construction of the frame, which allows you to straighten up to your full height.

It is important to remember that in order to build a frame with your own hands, you must be aware of the existence of two types of truss systems: inclined and hanging. They differ from each other by the method of attaching nodes to the walls.

In houses where there is no load-bearing wall, the mechanism of hanging rafters will be used, which will be held only on the walls of the house and connected to each other with nails or screws using corner plates. In this case, the width of a single-span building, where this particular type of rafters is assumed, cannot exceed 6 m. If the parameters of the house are larger, for example, when the span width exceeds 9 m, then you have to do large quantity struts.

In two-span houses, where there is only an average supporting wall, layered rafters are made. In this case, the three base points (two on the outer walls of the house and one on the inside) depend on the width of the building: more than 10 m - one support, and with a width of about 15 m, two supports will be needed. The rafters are attached to each other with the help of corner plates. The crate itself is made of slats or boards.

Steam and thermal insulation are key steps in creating an attic. A membrane-type film is laid on top of the crate, which will protect against moisture penetration, and glass wool is laid on the inside for insulation.

The next step is the installation of the roof, internal processing and the design of walls and partitions, as well as the installation of windows.

As we have already mentioned above, the most successful will be the use of metal tiles or corrugated board as a material for roofing.

floors

First, take care of sound and thermal insulation from the floor below. This task can be accomplished in several ways: backfilling of expanded clay or laying mineral wool slabs. Both methods involve protection from moisture with hydrofilms. Also pay attention to wood interfloor overlap. Here, the insulation is performed with dressing of the seams of the insulation and beams.

Choose the flooring of your choice. It can be ceramic, parquet or laminate.

Window

Windows for the attic - quite laborious, although worth it process, so consider if you can do it alone. In fact, they do not differ much from facade ones, but there is one serious difference - a special type of opening. In addition, during installation, you will have to disassemble the metal tile, while trying to maintain waterproofing. But this is not scary, because it is thanks to the windows that the room becomes much lighter and more spacious!

It is very important to know that if snow and ice are not cleared regularly, the window may be subject to temperature changes, so it is important to select models according to the climate in which you live.

Heating selection

For a comfortable stay and use of the premises, you also need to take care of heating the attic. It should not only maintain and retain heat inside, but also be safe and economical.

It is necessary to take into account all the details at the initial stages of design. We bring to your attention several methods of heating the attic floor.

• Fireplace. Efficient, comfortable and completely safe way.
• If your house already has a heating system on the ground floor, then you only need to install additional pipes and batteries.

• Installation of an independent heating system only for the attic - the most correct solution. It is possible to install absolutely any heating boilers, while observing the necessary safety measures. But more comfortable - turbocharged gas boilers that do not require a separate room. They are wall mounted and very easy to use.
• "Warm floor". To create a comfortable microclimate in the room, you can install underfloor heating. This can be done both with your own hands and with the help of specialists. In any case, this is a fairly economical option.

Important point- Proper arrangement of ventilation. Only in this way will attic heating work well.

Warming and ventilation

Since the attic has the largest area of ​​​​contact with the street, compared to the lower floors, its insulation should be taken very carefully. Today the market offers a variety of insulating materials. However, when solving this problem regarding full-fledged thermal insulation and vapor barrier for the house, do not forget about the main conditions, and then this will not only reduce heat loss and heating costs at home, but also protect the ceiling and walls from dampness, rot and sputum, the formation of frost on the roof . The choice of materials for roofing cake» must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP.

When you choose a finish in a store, focus primarily on the characteristics of your home. For example, where it is hot in summer and frosty in winter, the insulation must be resistant to external circumstances. Therefore, one of the main conditions will be thickness. The colder, the denser it should be, and, conversely, if you live in the south, where the temperature practically does not drop below zero in winter, you can choose a thinner material.

The most versatile and most budgetary - based on mineral wool, polystyrene foam is used less often. Sometimes you can use thermal insulation layer, consisting of modern filling agents or materials in the form of a liquid sprayed onto the walls and hardening into a solid form. In all these cases, the roof will come out no less stable.

With the correct assembly of the “roofing pie”, the design of which consists of metal tiles or corrugated board, lathing, waterproofing membrane, truss system, properly equipped ventilation of the under-roof space is sure to extend the life of your roof. Never play the lottery "will carry it - will not carry it", but "wind it on your mustache" the advice of experts.

To create a beautiful and cozy living space, you can use, as finishing material tree inside, different kinds composite panels, HRL panels (or in Russian LVD - laminate high pressure). No less popular is the attic, decorated with your own hands using drywall sheets (gypsum plasterboard).

Roofing should be made of lightweight materials: corrugated board, metal tiles and similar materials that can lighten the weight of the mechanism, taking into account the load that will be transferred to an existing building.

To begin with - before altering the attic - you need to make drawings and draw up an estimate. This way you will see in advance what difficulties you will face.

It is not easy to develop a plan for a mansard roof alone: ​​certain knowledge and skills in designing and carrying out specific calculations are important here. You can’t make mistakes: then the structure of the building will be unreliable, and besides, it can damage the overall building. Although if the idea is not too complicated, then you can do it yourself.

Everything must be included in the estimate: from the beginning of construction to the design of the premises.

Partitions

One of the easiest tasks that you can definitely do with your own hands is the device interior partitions. Usually, drywall and metal profiles are used for these purposes. Everything is done quickly and at minimal cost.

The design is simple: the frame, and they are attached to it gypsum boards. At the end, the lining of the partition is made. To do this, you can use lining, block house, imitation timber or even plywood with wallpaper - a matter of taste.

Finishing work

After warming the attic, you should think about finishing. Of course, it all depends on how you will use this room. Peculiar geometry gives excellent perspectives for creative solutions design. Immediately, we note that the finishing process is a complex of tasks, each of which has its own function. Let's take a closer look at finishing materials.

• The most popular material plastic lining . Advantages: uniqueness, budget, environmental friendliness. The installation of the board can be different: diagonally or in a circle, horizontal or vertical. Of the minuses, it is worth noting fragility and, perhaps, weak resistance to negative factors.

• Not the most expensive material plywood sheet. Covering the walls with them is quite easy. It also has excellent sound and thermal insulation properties, no pre-leveling of the surface is required before installation.
• Finishing the attic with drywall will allow you to embody the most original design solutions: with its help you can create dropped ceilings, arches and even columns. At the same time, this material easily absorbs moisture, which is its negative side. But if you choose a special type that is resistant to moisture, then this finish will last you a very long time.

So, let's sum up and summarize the above.

To design beautiful and quality attic would need:

• careful design of the future extension;
• strengthening load-bearing walls and foundation;
• roof removal;
• erection of the frame (it will be easy enough for you to assemble it with your own hands);
• roof insulation, waterproofing;
• window installation;
• interior decoration and insulation.

With excessive savings, as practice shows, the house can eventually turn out to be of poor quality and unattractive. Therefore, choose materials wisely, take into account the recommendations of experts, consult relatives and friends, as well as those who already have similar experience.