Flat roof in a private house. Flat roof house: design features, pros and cons Private house with a flat roof

Flat roof is not only an attractive architectural solution, but also the possibility of using its surface for other purposes. For example, on a flat roof, you can equip perfect place for recreation or small garden, if this is not possible on the main, "earthly" site. If earlier flat roofs were in demand only for, today this option is becoming increasingly popular among owners of private houses.

Constructivism is a modern fashion trend that captured architects. They create projects of houses that are distinguished by the simplicity of their design, their “highlight” is in a minimum of details. But few of those who are engaged in the construction of a private house or cottage, decide on this "novelty". This is because in our idea of how a house should look, there are certain stereotypes that have been imposed on us since childhood. Remember what

You drew on your drawings. They were all with Therefore, for now, only people with non-standard thinking decide to build.

Meanwhile, it is this type of roof that is quite economical, since much less materials are required for its creation than for a pitched one, because its total area is smaller. But the great advantage of a flat roof is that it can be put to good use. For example, equip it with a cozy terrace, garden and even a pool! By the way, this practice has been used abroad for a long time and with success. Europeans do not waste a single square centimeter of space in vain.

Terrace on the roof of the house

However, in order for you to enjoy original design and the additional functionality of your property, there is one condition: the architect must correctly carry out all the calculations, and the builders must correctly select necessary components implement the idea and do the work according to all the rules.

Modern materials guarantee the reliability of a flat coating only if all the work has been carried out in good faith. A flat roof has many advantages, including material savings. In addition, work on installing a flat roof in a house is much easier than a pitched one, as well as caring for it (surface inspection, cleaning funnels, etc.). A flat roof often becomes a terrace or a garden, such landscaping activities are most popular in large European cities due to the difficult environmental situation.

You can see the disadvantages of a flat roof in this video

Flat roof device

A flat roof job is a set of activities after which the roof must be waterproof, fireproof, easy to maintain or repair, and attractive in appearance.

roof base

The basis of this type of roof is usually a load-bearing base, for example, from a metal profiled sheet or a reinforced concrete slab. On top of it, installers lay a heat-insulating material that protects the top layer of insulation from moisture. By the way, if the slightest mistake is made while working on at least one layer, then the entire roof structure will eventually suffer.

Builders pay special attention to such elements as sealing seams, fasteners, through holes, corners, plums, communications. It is they who during the operation of the building are subjected to the most serious loads. In addition, it is necessary to select related parts that meet the parameters of weather resistance, corrosion resistance and UV resistance. Their choice should be dealt with directly by the designer, who calculates what exactly and in what quantity is necessary for the implementation of the plan.

Scheme of fastening and installation of a flat roof

At the same time, of course, he also takes into account such indicators as the type of object, the size of the roof and the conditions for its operation. That is, the design and creation of a flat roof must be approached systematically. If the rules for fastening the roofing material are not followed, then due to a strong gust of wind it can tear off the waterproofing. Electrochemical corrosion may result in loss of bearing capacity of the foundation. If the funnel becomes clogged or water freezes in it, moisture can overflow the roof, and this is a direct path to its flow.

Roof vapor barrier

The second layer in the building "pie" of a flat roof is a vapor barrier, which is designed to protect the base from water vapor. It allows it not to get wet, otherwise the base will swell and lose its original features.

Next, the insulation is installed. It can be done in two ways: in one and two layers. The latter option is more common. The bottom layer is 70-200 mm thick, according to technology, it performs the main heat-insulating function, on the contrary, the top layer is responsible for the redistribution of the mechanical load. And despite being thinner, it has super strength.

Such a “redistribution” of functions between layers makes it possible to reduce the weight of the roof, and thus the load to which the ceilings are subjected.

Water vapor is constantly formed inside the house, which cools as it rises, which is why water drops appear under the roof. This process is most intensive during the cold season. The collected water negatively affects the structural elements. Due to excessive moisture, wet spots appear on the ceiling and walls, mold and flowering form. If moisture collects in thermal insulation material, it destroys its basic functions. This means that you have to pay more for heating the room.

If earlier flat roofs were made only on urban high-rise buildings and were associated with constant leaks, today the situation has changed radically. These structures are used not only during the construction of multi-storey buildings, but also in the construction of prestigious private houses on exclusive projects. Such changes have become possible due to the emergence of completely new building materials and technologies.

Flat roofs - one of the many types of roofing, has both positive and negative sides. The advantages of such roofs include the following characteristics.

Saving building materials and speed of construction. The effect is achieved due to physical savings - the area of \u200b\u200ba flat roof is much less than a gable roof. In addition, for this design there is no need to make a complex truss system with various girders, supports, crossbars, mauerlats, etc. A small number of roof elements makes it possible to build flat roofs on your own without involving expensive professional specialists.
True, for this you should have the initial skills of performing roofing work, understand modern technologies and materials. Otherwise, attempts to reduce estimated cost structures can cause large additional costs for unplanned repairs. And not only the roof itself, but also the interior of buildings.
The ability to use the roof as exploited. On flat roofs, you can equip winter gardens, places for recreation, flower beds, small playgrounds for sports, etc. But in these cases, the roofs have a very complex structure and require a professional approach to all construction work.
Flat roofs facilitate installation and periodic Maintenance various engineering equipment: air conditioning and ventilation systems, solar panels, antennas, etc.

Unfortunately, such architectural structures also have disadvantages.

We have listed the real advantages and disadvantages, each developer should carefully analyze them before making a final decision.

Varieties of flat roofs in private houses

Thanks to new materials and technologies, designers have been able to create several types of flat roofs with unique performance characteristics.

flat roof type	Brief description of technical and operational characteristics
	The most commonly used, simplest and cheapest type of roof. It is most often found on utility buildings, it is rarely mounted on private houses.
	Very prestigious roof, allows you to use the area to increase the comfort of living in the building. The arrangement of such roofs requires high-quality materials and special technologies. The operated roof is often inverted.
	It differs from the usual arrangement of layers of the roofing cake. Waterproofing is done directly on the bearing base, this feature protects the coating from mechanical damage. Geotextiles, extruded polystyrene foam, another layer of geotextiles and a ballast layer are laid on top of the hydroprotection. Geotextiles allow water to pass through drain system, and the ballast prevents the layers from being undermined by strong gusts of wind.

Important. The cost of flat roofs varies widely, some options for the price can be several times higher than gable structures.

Roofing pie device

All flat roofs in residential buildings must be insulated, the structures consist of several layers. Each of them performs its function and is critical for the roof.

Base

It can be reinforced concrete or wood.

Professional builders prefer reinforced concrete slabs, but not all houses can use them. Plates are mounted only on brick or concrete facade walls, for wooden or frame buildings, such elements are not used.

vapor barrier

Prices for material for vapor barrier

Vapor barrier material

It is used only in two cases: the base of the flat roof is wooden and mineral wool is used as insulation.

But such options are rare, most often the base is made of a concrete slab, and durable extruded polystyrene is used for insulation. Both of these materials are not only not afraid of steam, but also do not react to direct contact with water. Accordingly, when arranging roofs from such materials, vapor protection is not required.

insulation

There are two types of insulation that can be used in the construction of flat roofs.

Mineral wool or glass wool. On flat roofs, only pressed types are used, rolled in their own way. technical parameters do not meet existing requirements.

The advantages of mineral wool are absolute resistance to open fire and environmental friendliness. It has no more advantages, but there is a rather long list of disadvantages: high cost, low performance mechanical strength, hygroscopicity, dependence of thermal conductivity on relative humidity, wind blown. As additional disadvantages, one can name the complexity of laying: you need to work only in good weather and in protective clothing.
Polymer heaters. This category includes expanded polystyrene, polystyrene and other materials made on the basis of polymers. These heaters have two common drawbacks: they release harmful chemical compounds into the air and are inferior to mineral wool in terms of fire resistance. But such shortcomings in this case are very conditional for two reasons. The first - for the insulation on the roof, the amount of allocated chemical compounds doesn't matter, they don't get into living quarters. The second - modern achievements of innovative technologies have made it possible to produce polymer insulation with high characteristics of resistance to open fire and acceptable sanitary standards release of chemical compounds.

Heaters can be installed in two ways.

Currently, architects in most cases prefer the second option for flat roof insulation, keep this in mind. But practitioners advise installing heaters from inside the premises. Each builder must make their own decision.

Prices for thermal insulation materials

Thermal insulation materials

Practical recommendations for arranging a flat roof on a frame house

For example, we will take the option of arranging a flat roof on a wooden frame house. These buildings are very popular with many developers, they are quickly assembled, relatively inexpensive and provide residents modern level comfort.

How to make overlays

For the ceiling, you need to use I-beams, ordinary beams will not work because of very high loads. If the linear dimensions of ordinary beams are significantly increased, then their own weight will play a significant role in calculating the acting forces, and this is highly undesirable for all structural loaded elements.

Important. If the size of the house is large, then it is much more profitable to order short beams and splice them on the spot. Due to this method, the process of transportation and installation of structures is simplified. During installation ceiling beams you need to make a slight slope for the descent of water.

Video - Wooden floor

What to make waterproofing

Prices for PVC membranes for roofing

PVC membrane for roofing

For sealing, it is recommended to use a modern high-quality membrane that has protection from the harmful effects of ultraviolet rays. The membrane thickness is not less than 1.5 mm, the service life of such coatings is more than thirty years. The membranes must retain their original properties at temperatures of -30°C and below. It must be borne in mind that situations may arise when it is necessary to remove snow from the roof in winter, the hydroprotection must withstand mechanical stress and not be damaged.

How to install a funnel for receiving water

The diameter of the funnel must correspond to the area of the roof and the maximum debit of water. The data are available in comparative tables and are attached to the instructions for using the elements. If for some reason there is no such instruction, then you should consult with the seller.

The funnel is installed at the lowest point of the roof. The roof plane is divided into several sectors and each has a slight slope towards the drain. To prevent ice from accumulating in the funnel in winter, it is recommended to connect an electric heating system. Heating functions temporarily and only during the period when the temperature changes from positive to negative several times a day.

How to properly lay a waterproof membrane

Joints are boiled building hair dryer and are additionally filled with a special two-component adhesive. You should start from the very bottom edge, the width of the overlaps is at least 10 cm. To increase the strength of the fastening, each strip of the membrane is separately fixed special mounts, wide washers then close.

Along the perimeter of the parapet, the membrane is also screwed with washers of large diameter, the distance between them is about 20–30 cm.

How to drain water from a roof

Experienced builders do not recommend trying to install external gutters and pipes on flat roofs to drain water to the ground. The best option is to let plastic pipes through interior spaces. The installation of the system should be done immediately after assembling the frame of the house; during the sheathing of the internal walls, the pipes are hidden. Due to such an installation location, the possibility of freezing is completely excluded, the reliability of the system is significantly increased.

The better to process OSB boards

There are many options, the effectiveness depends not only on the materials used, but also on the professionalism of the master. But practice shows that, under all equal conditions, bituminous mastics have the greatest reliability. Surfaces must be lubricated at least twice, this guarantees the tightness of the coating for a long period of time. Of course, the top membrane must also be of good quality and correctly installed.

There are many roof design options for a private house. Today, along with tent structures modern technologies and materials allow you to create flat options. It is worth considering in more detail what a house with a flat roof is, its design features, pros and cons.

Description

Traditionally, in temperate and northern latitudes, they erected hipped roof with sloping slopes, which prevented the accumulation of snow cover on the surface and allowed heavy precipitation to flow down to the rain drain system. Flat-roofed houses were common in the southern regions, where there was no heavy rainfall, and snow did not fall at all in winter. But development construction technologies and appearance modern materials, especially waterproofing, made it possible to create a horizontal roof without problems in any region, even in the Far North.

A flat roof is a ceiling that is located horizontally directly above the residential floors of a private house. Several layers of insulating materials that protect against moisture, cold and steam, as well as a drainage system, allow you to create reliable top protection in a one-, two- or three-story private house.

Do not be afraid that on the ceiling last floor leaks will appear, since with a competent approach and high-quality materials they are completely excluded. The main thing is to properly operate such a roof and change the coating in a timely manner in accordance with the warranty period.

In buildings with a straight roof, functionality is increased, since the roof surface can be used. In many ways, the installation of such buildings is simplified compared to tented options, where it is necessary to build a truss system. They also have many other advantages.

Principle and types of construction

To begin with, it is worth noting that a flat roof in a private house is not strictly horizontal, in order to prevent water from accumulating and draining it, a surface slope of approximately 5-7 ° is provided. The principle here is the same as that of the weirs of a pitched roof - they are located at a slight slope, which is invisible from the ground, but allows all the accumulated moisture to drain into the downpipe. Also on a flat roof: water collects in a certain place due to the unevenness of the surface, but the site looks horizontal, you can safely lay out a lawn or equip a recreation area on it.

The drainage system on such a roof contains special funnels into which flows under the influence of gravity rainwater and then with the help of a hose system goes into the sewer or underground. These devices are made of plastic, not subject to moisture and decay, are mounted in layers of insulation on the roof, and are provided with a protective net on top so that the neck and drains do not become clogged. One such water intake funnel is designed for approximately 100-150 square meters. m of roof area, from here you can calculate their total number. Usually 1-2 pieces are enough for a small country house.

A flat roof can be exploited and non-exploited. If it is practically not used, that is, it is climbed several times a year to check the integrity and current repair, then the coating contains the following layers from bottom to top: thermal insulation, vapor barrier and waterproofing. The flooring technology here is practically the same as in residential multi-apartment and industrial buildings.

There are the following common types of non-exploited flat roofs: from corrugated board and monolith.

The first option is the frame. First on concrete base a crate made of a metal profile or wooden beams is mounted, insulating materials are placed in it. Then profiled metal sheets are attached to the frame. This is a relatively cheap option, easy to install, the design is lightweight. But it is practically impossible to walk on such a roof, because the profiles will bend and deform.

Monolithic coating for a flat roof contains several layers. Directly on concrete slab is being laid vapor barrier film from hot bitumen, then comes mineral wool and waterproofing, and a cement-based screed is poured on top, reinforced reinforced mesh. Such unused roof will have a lot of weight, but it will reliably protect the house from rain and cold.

Another option, if the roof is constantly involved, people walk on it, there are some objects. Then the insulating layer changes in order: first comes the waterproofing, on top of which the thermal insulation is installed. Therefore, such a roof is called inversion.

The order of laying materials is as follows: first, a bitumen-polymer membrane is placed on the floor slab, then a layer of thermal insulation from foam foam, foam plastic or expanded polystyrene is laid. If there is a desire to create a green lawn on the roof of your house, then a separating and filtering layer of geotextile is laid over these insulators, and then a fertile layer on which natural grass will grow.

Such a roof with a fertile layer can be freely used throughout the warm period, with a properly installed drainage system, it is not afraid of rain. On the roof you can place a nursery or sports ground, put sunbeds or benches, break flower beds and even have a picnic. Exploited roofs with a green coating today are common not only in country houses, but also in city houses.

The arrangement of a flat roof does not end with flooring and pouring insulating layers and laying drainage systems. For correct operation ventilation is required. Moisture and its vapors can accumulate between the layers of insulation, further, during frosts, the insulating cake can crack, bubbles appear on it, and delamination occurs. In order to avoid this, aerators are used - plastic or metal tubes with umbrella-shaped caps that are mounted inside the roofing. The air entering through them, due to the pressure difference, weathers the water vapor from the insulation layers, they remain completely dry.

Another important point after laying a flat roof - this is a lightning protection structure. It should not be neglected, because, despite the low probability of occurrence, a thunderstorm can lead to the most catastrophic consequences in country house. The lightning protection mesh is installed inside the insulation layers, if they are not combustible, or if they are combustible, on top of them on special holders at a height of 10-12 cm from the surface. All nodes of this grid are connected into one lightning rod made of thick conductive wire, which goes to ground.

Advantages and disadvantages

Low-rise buildings with a flat roof, built according to various projects, have been operated in our country for more than a year. Feedback from owners who have lived in such houses for several years will help highlight all the advantages and disadvantages of such structures.

They have the following advantages:

saving materials - no need to build a complex truss system, and roofing are simplified;
speed of construction compared to gable and especially hip roofs;

ease of repair and replacement roofing;
the device of a flat roof allows you to make a platform on it for various needs: a lawn, a recreation area with a gazebo, gym, children's Corner etc.;

in the ceiling it is possible to mount windows, this is very original project interior plus additional source natural light on the ceiling;
roofing work will be much safer than in the case of a hipped roof;
with strong gusts of wind there is no risk of disruption of massive roof structures and upholstery.

According to the reviews of the owners of such houses, one can also point out the disadvantages of a flat roof:

Unlike tent structures, on such roofs in winter snow will accumulate in large volumes, which must be regularly removed manually;
installation of a drainage system is required;

it will be necessary to constantly monitor the integrity of the roof, the absence of leaks;
despite the apparent ease of installation, flat roofing has many nuances, insulator layers and gutters must be done as correctly as possible, otherwise leaks cannot be avoided.

Many projects of private houses with a horizontal roof came from Europe, where the climate is milder. Therefore, such decisions must be adjusted in accordance with our more severe weather conditions.

What to do?

Flat roofs can be made from various materials, their choice depends on the design of the building itself.

If the house is brick, made of gas silicate or concrete blocks, then a reinforced concrete slab can be used as a roofing. In this case, the roof will be as strong as possible, bulky and heavy objects can be placed on it. Such a floor material does not have moisture protection, therefore, in any case, it will be necessary to make a waterproofing layer from rolled bitumen or screed with a lower bitumen-polymer membrane.

Wooden roofing of a similar design will cost less than concrete, they can be made on a suburban area yourself. A frame with beams is installed on the walls, as they can be planed beams 10x4 cm or others, the main thing is that they are able to withstand the weight of future insulation and other items located on the roof. The wood is treated with an antiseptic and a refractory solution. Roofing from a bar can be covered with wood boards, boards or metal corrugated boards.

As a waterproofing for houses with a flat roof, bitumen is traditionally used. It is a hydrocarbon-based organic material that is produced during the refining of petroleum. It has excellent waterproofing properties, is not subject to moisture, rotting, and is not afraid of frost. The main disadvantage of bitumen is its non-environmental friendliness - it contains harmful components, and when heated, it emits a pungent odor. Nevertheless, bituminous insulation is still in demand, including in the construction of flat roof houses.

Bitumen can be rolled and liquid. Usually, a combination of these two types is used for maximum efficiency. First, a hot solution is poured onto the prepared, cleaned surface, then rolls of solid bitumen are rolled up. Such a combination allows you to close any microscopic cracks and cracks and reliably protects the roof from moisture.

There are other modern waterproofing materials that are cleaner and more harmless than bitumen. These include, for example, euroruberoid. It is also made on a bitumen basis, but, thanks to synthetic fabrics and polymers in the composition, it emits less harmful substances and smells. Euroruberoid is produced in rolls, for durability it is sprinkled with special mineral chips.

There is sprayable waterproofing for roofing in the form of powders and aerosols. It is applied to the surface using special equipment. Similar mixtures are produced from plasticizers, cement, synthetic resins and hardeners. Their advantages are that they not only protect against moisture, but also reflect the sun's rays, do not let steam through.

Widely used for rain protection coating waterproofing. It, like liquid roofing material, is applied to the roof surface with a roller or brush. Among such materials, emulsion, rubber, polymer mastics and a primer are especially common.

There are options for bulk waterproofing in the form of granules that absorb moisture well and prevent it from seeping into the living space. Examples are expanded clay and gravel. Their advantage is that they do not need complex installation- the granules simply rise to the level of the roof, crumble and evenly smooth out over the surface.

Usually used as a vapor barrier polyethylene film 0.1-0.5 mm thick, which is laid across the entire width of the roof under thermal insulation layer. Many are used to protect against the cold. effective materials: mineral wool, foam plastic, foam plastic, expanded polystyrene and others.

Solid glass roofs are very spectacular and impressive in appearance. transparent ceiling in the house visually increases the space, creates a unique air atmosphere, the rooms are always as light as possible. It is not very difficult to mount such ceilings, it is enough to create a frame from metal profiles or wooden frames and glaze it. But the operation of a glass roof becomes more complicated, in winter it is necessary to constantly clear it of snow cover. Therefore, it is best to make a solid ceiling with small ceiling windows.

Design options

A flat roof can be installed both in a one-two-story house with a small area, and in a spacious cottage. In a large building, you can combine a pitched hipped roof with a horizontal one, for example, using it for an outbuilding or a veranda. The shape of the roof can also be different: square, rectangular and more complex. The main thing with a non-standard project is to correctly calculate the slopes and the weir system so that moisture does not accumulate on the surface.

On the inverted flat roof, air conditioners, ventilation systems, television antennas, communication boxes and other equipment can be located. If the roof will be used as a platform for recreation or other active pastime, then it is necessary to mount a fence along its edges.

Also, when installing such a roof, you should immediately take care of a convenient climb up with a railing. There are many projects of used inversion roofing with drawings that can guide you when building your home.

Installation Instructions

Before building and arranging a flat roof, it is worth breaking down a step-by-step plan of all work.

It begins with the choice of shape, type and materials for overlapping. It should be borne in mind that the load on such a structure is always more intense than on tent options. Based on this, you need to make a drawing of the frame system with beams and ceilings. The sketch indicates geometric shapes, dimensions, color, materials, necessary communications. It is best to immediately have a visual idea of what the future roof for your home will look like.

Flat roofs in our time are undeservedly forgotten and are not spoiled by the attention of developers. In private housing construction, they are found mainly in the southern regions, where heavy rains and snowfalls are rare. hipped roofs, on the contrary, are firmly established in the projects and minds of homeowners.

This state of affairs is explained simply: until recently, builders did not have reliable and durable waterproofing.

Standard roofing material - cardboard impregnated with bitumen, cannot resist moisture and temperature changes for a long time. Even a thick 4-layer coating of it has to be changed after 6-8 years.

Today, interest in flat roofs is starting to grow.

There are several reasons for this:

Economic benefit. The cost of arrangement is lower than that of a tented one (more simple design and smaller area)
Additional usable area. There is a possibility of rational use(flower garden, playground, recreation area, swimming pool);
Availability for maintenance and operation (cleaning drains, installation of air conditioners, antennas, inspection of coatings, ventilation and smoke channels);
The layer of snow plays the role of additional thermal insulation, reducing heating costs.
Original appearance building.

Types of flat roofs

Strictly speaking, you will not see a completely flat roof on a building. Any of them has minimum slope from 1 to 4%, necessary for the runoff of atmospheric precipitation.

There are four types of flat roofs:

unexploited;
exploited;
green (lawn);
combined.

Unexploited roofs are found on industrial buildings.

Exploited roofs have found application in public and private construction. They equip recreation areas, place cafes and restaurants, use them as parking lots and helipads.

Green (lawn) coatings are made to decorate buildings, as well as when there is a shortage of space on the site. In addition to the aesthetic function, they perform an important practical task. A layer of vegetable turf is an excellent heat and sound insulator.

Combined roofs with a flat surface are the most common option. Comfortable stay on fresh air surrounded by green grass and flowering plants everyone likes it.

According to the method of drainage, houses with a flat roof are divided into two types:

With internal drain;
With external water discharge (along the perimeter of the roof).

Internal drainage is cheaper than external drainage, since it does not require a large number of gutters, pipes, funnels and high-altitude installation work. In execution it is more difficult. Errors in creating a slope, poor-quality sealing of joints lead to leaks and a violation of the integrity of the protective layer of waterproofing.

In operation, flat coatings with internal drainage are more profitable. In winter, icicles do not grow on the overhangs near such a roof. Downspouts run inside the building and therefore do not freeze. Cleaning funnels from debris is easier and easier than hanging gutters.

Device Features

According to the method of arrangement and the location of the structural layers, experts distinguish two types of flat roofs:

Classic;
Inversion.

The classic roofing "pie" is equipped according to the following technology:

on reinforced concrete floor slabs, they make a ramp out of a cement-sand mortar;
lay vapor barrier and insulation;
lay a waterproofing membrane or roofing felt carpet;
if the coating is to be used, then the waterproofing is protected with ceramic tiles.

Classic flat roof structure

The main disadvantage of the traditional design is the vulnerability of the outer insulating layer to solar ultraviolet radiation and temperature changes.

Working on a solution to this problem, engineers came up with the idea of inversion coating. In it, the main structural elements (insulation and waterproof membrane) are interchanged. Waterproofing is hidden under the foam, which from external influences protected by gravel ballast or tile trim.

Inversion coating design

Accordingly, the technology of work is changing. A waterproof carpet made of roofing felt or an EPDM membrane is glued onto the slab or spread on it, fixing it at the junction with the parapet.

The slope in this case is created in one of two ways:

Mortar screed on the plate;
Insulation, changing the thickness of its installation.

Installation of thermal insulation on a flat roof

Water intake funnels and pipes are installed at the lowest points of the slope. In addition to them, ventilation is installed to remove water vapor that accumulates in the zone of contact between the vapor barrier and the insulation.

When arranging a coating designed for planting plants, the construct is supplemented top layer waterproofing. Drainage layers of gravel are poured along it, geotextiles are laid and a fertile layer of earth is poured.

In addition to roofing laid on reinforced concrete slabs, projects have been developed for houses with a flat roof on wooden beams.

Construction technology in this case may include the following operations:

Beams are mounted on the walls in increments of 50-100 cm, fixing them to the masonry with anchor studs. The cross section of the beams depends on the width of the span, the design load and can range from 10x20 cm to 15x25 cm;
Lay on the beams OSB boards, tightly joining them together;
Spread the waterproofing membrane in 2 layers, gluing the joints of the canvases with high quality.
They make thermal insulation from durable (extruded) foam plastic, gluing it to the membrane. A slope for water flow is created by laying the insulation in layers of different thicknesses;
Thermal insulator on top cement screed reinforced with mesh or tiled.

Examples of private houses

Among the developers there are many supporters of flat roofs. They are attracted by the ease of construction, the low cost of work and the possibility of placing a site for summer recreation.

A thick layer of snow on a flat roof is not a problem, but additional insulation

The design of buildings with such a roof fits perfectly into the style of minimalism, providing project developers with a wide field for creativity.

Spacious, comfortable and nothing more - the motto of everyone who chooses a house with such a roof. pitched roof visually makes the building heavier, and flat, on the contrary, makes it light and airy.

Facade appearance one-story house with a flat roof compares favorably with the fairly bored variations of the "Teremok" character.

On it, most often you will not see gutters and pipes, the water from which gets on the walls and spoils the appearance of the finish. Internal drainage is effective, practical and invisible.

A flat roof in a private house provides many different possibilities. With this simple design, you can save on roofing materials and works, and installation is carried out in a shorter time. It is also easier to place various systems on its surface: antennas, hoods, solar panels and others. To all this, additional space can be used by arranging a garden, a recreation area or a greenhouse on it.

However, despite the cheaper installation, many nuances must be taken into account so that such a roof does not become a “headache” for the owner of the house.

Flat roof construction

A flat roof, like any other, must fully fulfill all its functions: protection from water and its removal and thermal insulation. In addition, it must have sufficient strength to withstand external loads.

This is what determines the structure of the roofing pie, which consists of the following mandatory elements.

Base. All the main loads fall on this part. The overlap must be very strong, but it all depends on whether the roof will be used or not. Most often, the basis is reinforced concrete slab laid on bearing walls, less often on non-residential buildings - a layer of profiled sheet.
Vapor barrier layer. Performs protective function, which consists in preserving materials from steam penetrating from the inside of the room.
Thermal insulation. Reduces heat consumption from the house.
Waterproofing. A flat roof does not completely remove all the water, like gable counterparts, as a result, high-quality protection against the penetration of moisture in the room is needed.

For normal removal of moisture, a ramp is used. Most often, it is a screed, which forms the angles of inclination along which water can flow into the prepared system of trays to remove it from the roof plane.

Saving on any details of a flat roof is unacceptable, otherwise it will lead to leaks, freezing and other negative phenomena of a poorly mounted roof pie.

Types of flat roofs

Availability, order and order individual elements roofing cake determine the type of roof. There are such designs of flat ceilings:

Unexploited. These designs can be seen on multi-storey buildings. It is believed that their surface is not intended for use and is designed for a short stay of people. In this embodiment, on non-residential buildings, a profiled sheet can be used as a base.
Exploited. In this case, it is necessary to have a concrete base capable of withstanding heavy loads. Surfaces can be used as a garden, recreation area or even car parking. In addition to a solid foundation, it is important to observe the angle of inclination, which should not exceed 3 degrees.

Inversion. The design provides for a change in the order of the layers of the cake. Waterproofing is placed under the insulation, which allows you to save it from damage. Quite often, this type of roof is used in the construction of private residential buildings.
Ventilated. These types of roofs have a ventilation system (built-in aerators) that evaporate excess moisture from the thickness of the roofing pie. Can be combined with other types of roofs.

In addition, the type of roof depends on other factors, for example, whether the room is heated or not.

Installation of a flat roof on different types of buildings

Depending on whether the room will have a heating system or not, the roof assembly technology may differ during installation.

Roofs on unheated premises

Usually, garages, sheds, gazebos, and various pavilions act as unheated buildings.

The required slope of 3 degrees, on such buildings is formed due to bearing beams roofs. The height difference is about 30 millimeters, per 1 meter of the beam length.
After laying the beams, a flooring is made, which will serve as the base. It can be boards or profiled sheet. They are fixed with self-tapping screws or other suitable fasteners.
If the room is unheated, you can miss such a layer as thermal insulation. Placed on the base waterproofing material. Roofing material is used as a waterproof coating. It is spread out in overlapping strips (about 150 mm) and additionally fixed with slats, which are placed along the slope of the roof.

This is the simplest version of a flat roof, which can be mounted on a do-it-yourself unheated utility room with minimal cost money and time.

Flat roof assembly on heated buildings

AT residential buildings with heating system roofing cake flat roof will be different. It will definitely require the presence of a thermal insulation layer, high-quality hydro and vapor barrier. The presence of the latter is no less important, since water vapor can gradually spoil the entire roofing cake.

The floor under the base is assembled from wooden beams, which are placed every 900-1000 mm.
They are covered with flooring from boards with a section of 40-50 millimeters. The thickness of the lumber is selected depending on the distance between the beams. The larger it is, the thicker the boards are needed.
A roofing material is laid on the flooring, it is cut and straightened in advance. Waterproofing sheets are overlapped by about 100-150 mm.
The thermal insulation layer can be made by bulk method. To do this, expanded clay is poured onto the resulting base with a layer of up to 300 mm and leveled.
Next, a layer of thermal insulation backfill is poured cement-sand screed(minimum 30 mm thick).
After the cement has hardened, the surface is covered with a bitumen-based primer and covered with a layer of roofing material.

It is also possible to mount a more solid roof made of monolithic concrete.

Monolithic concrete flat roof

In this embodiment, a solid concrete base is made by hand.

As support beams, an I-beam is used, which is laid in level without forming a slope.
For pouring, it will be necessary to prepare concrete of a grade of at least M250, it is prepared in a concrete mixer, maintaining a ratio of 4: 1.5: 1: 1, where the ingredients are crushed stone (20-25 mm), cement (m400), water and sand, respectively.
For pouring, a base is made of boards, which are mounted on the lower shelves of I-beams and covered with roofing material.
Small crushed stone is poured on top of the waterproofing, which is poured with the resulting concrete. Filling must be done at a time, otherwise the structure of the roof will not be the same.
Next, expanded clay is poured and a ramp is made.

razuklonka

Razklonka is the formation of slight slopes on the surface of a flat roof, which allows you to remove water from its surface. The drainage system is assembled in two versions: external and internal. That is, the trays can be fixed to the end of the roof or on its surface.

With the internal location of the gutters, the presence of water collectors is planned in advance, the number of which is calculated as follows - 1 funnel per 25 square meters roof area.