How to make a hipped roof with your own hands. Hip roof: design and drawing

The hipped roof structure consists of triangular slopes. As a rule, the number of stingrays is four, but the owner can change their number if desired. The main thing that finished structure was robust and symmetrical.

Outwardly, such a roofing structure looks like a tent, for which it got its name. As part of the roof there are no gables, which makes it possible to additionally save on building and finishing roofing materials. Subject to proper arrangement, such a roof will have an attractive and original appearance.

Arrangement of a hipped roof requires special knowledge and skills from the performer. With the construction of a tent roof structure you can do it yourself. The main thing is to do it right necessary calculations and strictly follow the instructions when performing each activity.

Before going to the store for the required materials, familiarize yourself with the procedure for performing calculations and draw up a roof project that is suitable specifically for your case.

Basic information

Traditionally, the roof under consideration includes 4 inclined slopes.

If the base of the structure is in the shape of a regular square, the area of the structure is calculated by multiplying the area of one roof slope by 4.

However, if the base of the system looks like a rectangle, then first you need to determine the total value of the areas of two different rectangles, and then double the resulting number.

To establish the area of the roof slope, which is an isosceles triangle, it is necessary to multiply the length of the base of the figure by the value of its height, and then double the resulting number.

When performing calculations, you need to know the value of the area eaves, having the shape of isosceles trapezoids. This calculation is done by multiplying the height of the shape by exactly 50% of the sum of the base lengths of the trapezoidal shape.

The calculation of the hipped roof system can be done in two ways. The first involves a calculation using the value of the ridge height and the length of the base of the roof structure. In accordance with the second calculation method, it is necessary to take into account the value of the length of the diagonal rafter element as well as the length of the perimeter of the base.

In addition, in the calculation process, it is imperative to pay attention to the parameters of various additional components that make up the roof structure. These elements include:

diagonal rafter legs;
lie down;
support bars;
racks;
mauerlat, etc.

Calculation example

To make the calculation principle clearer, we offer you a simple example of the implementation of the basic calculation activities. Initial data:

house dimensions - 6x6 m;
the length of the diagonal rafter is 521 cm;
ridge height - 297 cm;
slope of roof slopes - 35 degrees;
width of the eaves overhang - 600 mm.

Using the first of the two previously mentioned methods, determine the value of the height of the roofing triangle. To do this, use the Pythagorean theorem, according to which to calculate the square of the height, you need to subtract from the value of the square of the length of the roof slope half the width of the base, also squared.

In this example, the calculation will show that the square of the height is 4.24 m squared. Using a simple formula, you can determine that the area of one triangular slope will be 12.72 m 2.

Due to the fact that the base of the roof is a square with a side of 6 m, the calculated value of the area must be increased by 4 times. As a result, you will determine the total area of the roof slopes, equal to this example 50.88 m 2.

Determine the area of the curtain rod light. You already know the length of the shorter base of the trapezoidal figure - 6 m.To establish the length of the larger base, you need to use simplest form relevant for such figures.

According to the calculations, the length of the larger base will be 704 cm, and the area of the figure as a result will be 4.76 m 2.

To set the total area of the overhangs, multiply the value calculated in the previous step by 4.

As a result, the total amount of the hipped roof structure will be 69.91 m 2.

What you need to know about the rafter system?

The hipped roof structure can be erected using a layered or hanging system. The final version is selected in accordance with the conditions of a particular situation.

For example, it is quite difficult to cope with the installation of hanging rafters with your own hands, and it will take an irrationally long time to repair such a structure. Such rafters are usually equipped in situations where there are no internal walls in the house, and the rafters can only rely on the supporting walls of the structure.

Roof rafters are simpler and more financially beneficial in arrangement. The system is placed on the middle load-bearing wall, as well as intermediate support pillars fixed on a reinforced concrete base.

Reinforced rafters are most often used when installing four-pitched roof structures with an inclination of more than 40 degrees.

It is important to choose correct option system supports roof rafters... If the house is frame, the roof must be supported by the upper harness. In the case of brick and stone buildings, the Mauerlat performs the function of support, and when arranging the roof of a house from a log house, the roofing system is fixed to the upper crowns.

Determine the optimal cross-section of the rafter legs. To do this, you need to know a number of parameters, namely:

installation step of elements rafter system;
slope of roof slopes;
estimated snow, wind and other loads;
span size, etc.

It is important to know the basic parameters of tent-type roofing elements.

So, if the rafter legs have a length not exceeding 300 cm, the rafters must be placed in increments of 110-135 cm. Optimum diameter logs for such a situation are 100 mm, and the size of the board is 100x80 mm.

If the rafter legs have a length in the range from 300 to 400 cm, they need to be fixed at a distance of 140-170 cm. For arranging such a rafter system, it is recommended to use logs with a diameter of 150 mm or boards with dimensions of 100x90 mm.

If the rafters have a length in the range of 400-500 cm, they must be fastened in increments of 110-135 cm, using logs with a diameter of 200 mm for arranging the structure, as well as boards with dimensions of 200x80 mm.

When arranging a rafter system of elements no longer than 650 cm in length, the rafters must be placed in increments of 110-140 cm, using logs with a diameter of 240 mm or boards with dimensions of 220x120 mm to equip the structure.

For the arrangement of the purlins, use a beam of 100x50 mm or logs with a diameter of 160 mm.

Mauerlat is traditionally erected from a 100x50 mm bar or a log with a diameter of 120 mm.

Racks, crossbars and struts are made of a bar with a section of 100x50 mm or logs with a diameter of 120 mm.

It is important that the rafter legs are strictly the same length, and the rafters are docked apart.

The most common slope of the slopes of hip roof structures is maintained in the range of 40-60 degrees, however, depending on the parameters of the finishing roofing material, the slope may vary slightly. The dependency is as follows:

when using tiles, the slope is maintained within 30-60 degrees;
when using sheet roofing materials and materials based on asbestos cement, the slope will be in the range from 14 to 60 degrees;
using roll materials the slope will be 8-18 degrees.

Roof installation procedure

The process of arranging a hipped roof includes several stages.

First step

Draw up a structural project and make the necessary calculations in accordance with the recommendations given earlier.

Second phase

Buy the required amount of materials, taking into account the dimensions and characteristics approved by the project.

Stage three

Lay the Mauerlat along the entire length of the building. Rafter legs will be installed on it.

If the house is built of bricks, the Mauerlat is best laid on the inside of the walls. In this case, a moisture-proof material must be laid between the Mauerlat and the wall. For waterproofing, roofing material is often used. To prevent the rafter legs from sagging, you need to mount the lattice with the appropriate parameters.

If the house is built of wood, in most cases the upper part of the log house will be able to cope with the functions of the Mauerlat.

Fourth stage

Install the rafter support beam (purlin) at the top truss structure... The support beam must be placed parallel to the Mauerlat. The recommended distance between the two mentioned elements is up to 450 cm.

Fifth stage

Install diagonal braces, braces and struts.

For the manufacture of diagonal ties, boards of 250-450 mm are usually used. They must be nailed to the base of the rafter leg.

You need to equip the planned number of ramps (usually 4). At this stage, work according to the blueprints you have.

Sixth stage

Insulate the roof. Attached first waterproofing material, a heater is placed under it, and a membrane vapor barrier film is placed under the heater.

In the end, you just have to lay the desired finish roofing material and install all sorts of additional elements such as gutters, etc.

Now you are aware of the main features of the hipped roof structure, you know in what order the system is calculated, what its main elements should be, and in what sequence the roof arrangement is carried out directly. Follow the instructions, while focusing on the provisions of the existing project, and everything will definitely work out.

Happy work!

Video - Do-it-yourself hip roof

The roof of the building is its main protection. The variety of shapes, structures, types of roofing systems allows you to design a building in such a way that it will receive an individual look, become pride and a warm family nest for any family.

Roofs by structural features, the specificity of the shape of the slopes can be of several types:

Flat... The sides of the structure rest on the walls of the building. They are practically devoid of bias. The shape of the slope is most often a rectangle;
pitched... The design has two or more slopes of various shapes that are located at a certain slope.

Pitched roofs are classified by number, shape, location of slopes:

Gable;
hip;
half-hip;
tent;
multi-pliers;
domed.

In addition, there are other designs that are less common. They are occasionally used in roofing structures: steeple, vaulted, arched, spherical, folded.

There is something to choose from a variety of roofing systems: each of the structures has its own installation features, characteristic architectural design, individual functionality.

The design of the hipped roof is characterized by such a device in which the slopes are made in the form of triangles with common point connections of four vertices.

The number of triangles in the structure of a hipped roof can be more, but they must all have a common top. Ideal option building a room for a hipped roof is a quadrangular shape, in which the top of the roof is formed in the center.

But the tent system may not necessarily have an apex in the center of the structure. The roof can be installed in such a way that the top is offset from the center to the side... In this design, the length of the sides of two opposite slopes at four-slope system different.

By design features of the structure of the rafter system hipped roofs can be:

Fortified... Have pivot points on external and interior walls, the distance between which is not more than 4.5 meters;
hanging... They are built with a small span and without the need for additional internal supports.

Regardless of which rafter system is mounted when arranging a hipped roof, its external shape remains unchanged.

Besides, by design features, hipped roofs can be:

Broken lines... More often installed under the attic, while there is a change in the angle of inclination on the slope to a smaller one;
with bay window (valley)... At the same time, the hipped roof is an addition to the bay window;
attic... In this case, the attic ledges are located on the roof slopes.

Regardless of the structure of the tent system, the shape of the roof is similar to that of a tent: hence the name.

Hipped roof private house

Advantages and disadvantages

Can not be perfect design roofs: each has its own individual characteristics.

An important advantage of the hipped roof is its aerodynamic properties.: wind currents pass along the slopes, without harming the roof, and do not enter the attic space. In addition, the absence of gables ensures the stability of the structure.

The disadvantages of the tent structure is the complexity of installation., as well as if you want to equip the attic, its area will be too small.

Despite the fact that the construction of a hipped roof requires significant labor resources, the end result will definitely be justified: tent structures are among the most attractive roofing systems.

Advantages and disadvantages

What elements does the hipped roof consist of?

Standard tent construction system consists of elements:

Slant rafters... Planks located in the corner parts of the system frame distribute a significant part of the load acting on the entire system. They are the longest rafter parts of the structure;
wives... Serve to strengthen the rafters and distribute the load;
ridge knot. Complex element, since the rafter boards are not always ideally fastened if the roof is not square;
central rafters... They are connected in the ridge part with the slanting beams and are an indicator of the height of the slope;
struts... They are the supporting parts of the rafter legs;
mauerlat... Support rails for the entire structure, to which the rafter legs are attached. A bar with a large section is used for the Mauerlat.

Additional elements of the system are crossbars, additional supports, purlins, slopes, that is, those elements that serve to strengthen the main parts of the structure. They are most often used in regions prone to strong wind currents..

Drawing of hip roof elements:

The elements

DIY hipped roof: construction sequence

A feature of the construction of the hipped roof truss system is that the installation of its base is carried out on the ground in accordance with pre-prepared templates. To make a template, you should take into account the length of the rafters, the pitch, the load and the corresponding section..

Do-it-yourself construction of such a roof involves the following work:

Mauerlat installation;
installation of rafters;
installation of struts, central supports;
installation of handicrafts;
installation of the lathing;
installation of vapor barrier;
installation of waterproofing;
roof covering.

Each stage of work involves the implementation of mandatory steps, without which the arrangement of the roof will be disrupted.

DIY construction

The device of the rafter system and installation

The rafter system of the hipped roof is a rather complex structure. In addition, the installation of the hipped roof structure should be carried out before making the ceiling of the building.

Installation is carried out in stages:

Install the Mauerlat (if the walls are brick): it is fastened by external load-bearing walls, having previously covered them with a waterproofing layer (roofing material is most often used). If the walls are made of wood, mount the harness;
from opposite corners, set-up rafter boards are installed and fastened in the ridge by means of fastening puffs. At the same time, the upper ends are cut at an angle. rafter boards... It is recommended to use a mortise beam for attachment to the Mauerlat. At wooden wall they are fastened with brackets, if the wall is made of brick, reinforcement clamps are previously mounted in the Mauerlat;
in the central part of the trusses, props are installed;
in the pitched parts, braces, struts, diagonal slats are installed... This ensures resistance to wind loads;
installation of braces, struts, sprengels.

When arranging diagonal rafters, you should adhere to a right angle.

Mauerlat installation

Roofing cake

Roof cake is a series of layers of materials for arranging the roof.

For a hipped roof, the cake consists of such layers:

Rafter system... Made from wooden beams, serves as a massive framework for the entire system;
vapor barrier... Condensation prevention layer;
lathing... A plank system that provides structural strength and is the basis for fastening the layers of the cake;
insulation... Serves for insulation of the roof and the building as a whole;
waterproofing... Material that prevents moisture from entering from outside;
counter-lattice. Wooden structure which serves to provide ventilation gap between the roofing material and the layers of the cake, as well as for attaching the outer cover;
roofing material... The outer coating is the main protection against external factors.

CAREFULLY!

The correct sequence of stacked layers of the cake ensures its reliability and creates a comfortable microclimate. If mistakes are made in arranging at least one layer, this can cause the destruction of the entire roof.

Photo of the hipped roof scheme:

Installation of lathing, waterproofing and vapor barrier

The method of mounting the battens directly depends on roofing: if provided soft roof what is advisable to mount solid crate if rigid - sparse.

The crate is made of boards, the width of which is not more than 150 mm, and the thickness is about 2.5 cm. The boards are installed on a vapor barrier layer on top of the rafters (along). Sheathing is carried out around the entire perimeter of the roof.

The waterproofing layer is a membrane that does not allow moisture to pass into the roof from the side of the roof covering. Roofing material, other rolled membranes, as well as modern "smart" (breathable) membranes, which prevent atmospheric moisture from entering the insulation, can serve as waterproofing.

Waterproofing is fastened with staples to the rafter legs... The docking joint is made with an overlap (at least 10 cm), and the joints are glued with tape. Lay the film in such a way that the lower overhang of the material is on the eaves, and the top is near the top.

Vapor barrier is made of specially designed films that prevent condensation drops from entering the roof insulation from the room. Used as a vapor barrier vapor barrier membranes, films, special polyethylene and saw cut new films.

The vapor barrier is attached to the lathing with an overlap with staples so that strong tension does not form. The joints are glued with adhesive tape (tape). Fix the film with crate boards.

After fixing the crate, insulation is placed between its boards.

Laying waterproofing

Installation of the lathing

Insulation of the hipped roof

The need to insulate a hipped roof is especially relevant if the structure provides for the equipment of an attic room.

However, it will not be superfluous if the insulation is produced without living space directly under the roof.

Common roof insulation materials are: mineral wool, penoplex, expanded polystyrene and others.

The most popular material is mineral wool... When insulating a hipped roof, layers of material are laid between the rafter beams from top to bottom so that no gaps are formed. This is how the insulation is laid on all roof slopes.

Insulation must have a number of characteristics that can help ensure reliable insulation.:

Low thermal conductivity;
compressive strength;
density;
fire resistance;
vapor permeability;
breathability.

Warming

Laying roofing

For hipped roofs, an important indicator of the choice of roofing material is the slope angle of the slopes.

For different coverage the possibility of laying it in accordance with the slope is determined:

Roof tiles - from 30 to 60 °;
asbestos-cement coating - from 14 to 16 °;
soft roof - from 8 to 18 °.

Alternatively, one can use decorative coatings, typical for this type of roof - reed, reed. Such coatings are short-lived; for the central region, they are less common, taking into account climatic features.

Often tent systems covered with tiles and other sheet types (corrugated board, sheet copper, metal tiles).

Covering with roofing material must be done on each slope in turn.... The peculiarities of the laying of each material provide for the fulfillment of the installation requirements.

So, for example, sheets of corrugated board should be started to be laid from the lower left edge of the slope and continue to be covered, securing with special self-tapping screws. In this case, the edges of the sheet are cut diagonally from the edge of the slope.

ATTENTION!

The calculation of the outer covering of the hipped roof should be made taking into account a sufficient amount of material scraps.

Although the waste can be used on the tops of the ramp, there will still be plenty of it.

Laying of roofing material

Conclusion

Thus, you can do the installation of a hipped roof with your own hands, but the work will require maximum effort not only to install the roof frame, but also to lay the layers of the pie.

This is due not only to physical work, but also to the correctness of calculations for the load and consumption of materials of a rather complex structure. But all the effort and money spent will more than cover the uniqueness of the design.

In contact with

The last stage in the construction of the building frame is the erection of the roof. In square houses, hip roofs are most often mounted. This is a fairly popular design nowadays. The "tent" erected at the top of the building has its own advantages and disadvantages. One of the positive aspects is that the hipped roof can be built independently, without the help of specialists.

Features of the device of the hip roof

The design of the hipped roof is a combination of several ramps of a triangular (less often trapezoidal) shape. Their number may vary depending on architectural features buildings. Most often, hipped roof roofs are found, but building owners can build a roof with big amount stingrays.

The architecture of the building defines the shape of the roof with six slopes.

Historians claim that the hipped roof version appeared in ancient times. The hut buildings of primitive man are like a tent. Tent-shaped roofs are found in archeology in Mesopotamia, where the ancient Sumerians lived. Such structures of the upper part of buildings were used in temples and other religious buildings and in later historical periods.

The classic version of the hipped roof is a pyramid with a square base. The support of the roof slopes goes mainly to the walls of the building, sometimes going beyond their boundaries. Overhangs can protrude 400–500 mm beyond the building, thereby protecting the architectural structure from adverse weather effects.

Most often used in individual construction classic version hipped roof

Differences between hip and hip roof

Another name for a hipped roof is an envelope roof. This type is a kind of hip roof. An envelope with a rectangular base is the basis of a hip-type roof, and a square is more often used in a tent version.

The hip design is a combination of two trapezoidal slopes and two triangular slopes. In the roof-tent, triangular slopes are connected.

A typical version of a hip roof consists of two triangular and two trapezoidal slopes.

If there is a ridge in the hip roof, then the hipped roof is mounted without this element. The tops of all the slopes of the tent structure are connected at a single point. This happens in the form of their layering on top of each other or attaching to a separate support. The ridge as such is absent in this case.

Pros and cons of hip design

The main advantage of the hipped roof structure is its confident resistance to gusty winds. The aerodynamic "abilities" of the roof are manifested in the fact that air flows practically do not enter the attic, they go down the triangular slopes.
Another big plus of the hipped roof is the absence of gables. This is a great reason to save money, because construction and finishing materials much less is needed for the roof.
Many users of buildings with a hipped roof note the rapid warming up of the premises precisely because of this roof design. Rain and wastewater do not linger on the envelope of triangular slopes, but flow down. This extends the roof's uptime.

But there are negative aspects in the hipped roof:

Complex construction frame.
Small size of the attic.
Large amount of waste building materials due to design features roofs.

Scheme of the structure of the hipped roof

When calculating and building a hipped roof, it is imperative to have basic information about its constituent elements.

To correctly design a hipped roof, you need to know all the main elements of its structure.

The supporting part of the roof is a Mauerlat, placed along the perimeter of the building. It is attached to the walls of the building with outside... V brick houses Mauerlat can be mounted with inside... The material for this element of the roofing system is a bar with a large section. Oblique rafters are designed to form a roofing angle, in fact, thanks to them, the pyramidal shape of the roof is obtained. The most difficult part in the construction of a hipped roof is the ridge knot. In the ridge knot, together with the nesting rafters, the central rafters are connected, which regulate the height of each slope. Parallel to the central rafters, the bearers are installed. They are always shorter than the center rafters and are placed at a certain distance from each other.

Photo gallery: hip roof options

Combination different options hipped roofs gives the house the features of a medieval castle In the construction of a four-pitched roof, you can enter a remote balcony of the attic. sloping roofs hip construction require virtuoso calculations and filigree execution technique A square-shaped garage should be decorated with an elegant hipped roof

Preparation for work

Before starting the construction of a hipped roof, you should carefully study all the available information on the construction of such a roof, prepare all materials and tools, having previously made calculations.

Calculation of materials

To make calculations, you need to get a special rail for measurements. It can be made of plywood five centimeters wide. We need the following parameters:

length and width of the building;
ridge height.

The calculations themselves are not as complicated as they might seem at first glance:

All the necessary parameters of a hipped roof can be calculated by referring to one of the online calculators that are easy to find on the Internet.

Required tools and materials

For the installation of a hipped roof, the following tools should be prepared:

Bulgarian.
Hand saw and gasoline saw.
Jigsaw.
Hammer.
Plane.
Electric drill.

For the construction of a hipped roof, it is recommended to use only one species of wood. For fastening the elements of the roof, nails, dowels, steel brackets and self-tapping screws are required. You should also take care of the roofing material, the choice of which depends on the preferences of the developer and his material capabilities.

We make the hipped roof ourselves

Despite the complexity of the structure of the hipped roof, it is quite possible to make this type of roof on your own.

The procedure for constructing a hipped roof includes several sequentially performed actions:

Creation of a tent roof project and carrying out all the necessary calculations.
Acquisition of the required materials and preparation of the tool.
Fastening the Mauerlat along the entire perimeter of the base of the structure.
Installation of the support beam for the rafters parallel to the Mauerlat (the permissible distance between them is 450 cm).
Fastening diagonal elements, braces, struts to the base of the rafters.
Roof insulation.
Installation of the finishing roof and additional elements for drainage, ventilation, etc.

Carpentry professionals share tips to take into account when building a hipped roof:

do not use wood different breeds;
do not assemble the load-bearing elements of the roof from slats less than 150 by 50 mm in size;
do not attach short parts to the support post of the ridge part, they are fixed in the corners;
be sure to use intermediate rafter legs (in the center of the roof).

Step-by-step instructions for building a hipped roof

Consider the construction of a hipped eight-pitched roof on specific example... The roof will be designed for construction with dimensions of 10 by 10 meters with a partition in the middle ( Basic structure).

Installing Mauerlats. To do this, we use a bar with a section of 100 * 150 or 150 * 150 mm) and fastening with studs (thread more than M12).

Mauerlat fits around the perimeter of the building and is attached to studs
We lay the floor and extension beams, moving from the center to the edges and keeping the same distance between them (not less than one meter or eighty centimeters).
Using a 150 x 150 mm timber, we mount the central support post in the ridge part of the roof. In this case, be sure to check the verticality using a plumb line and a rail. We fix the rack using temporary jibs, which are dismantled after installing the central rafters.

The central support contains fastening devices for installing central and diagonal rafters
We attach the four center rafters. "Sew" these elements with metal corners or with nails.
We mount diagonal rafters, observing the required slope. If these elements are joined in two parts, then additional support is made at the junction of the parts. To reduce the load on the beams, it is advisable to shift the fasteners of such racks to load-bearing walls.
We lay and fasten the ordinary rafters, while the support goes to the Mauerlat and the support bar of the ridge part. The distance between the rafters is about 600 mm.
We attach the rafters, trying to maintain parallelism between them and the rafters. If the roof is mounted with outriggers, then we make supports for the beads in this part of the roof.

Additional racks are used to secure and strengthen the structure at the attachment points
We make the lathing using bars (50 by 50 mm) or boards 20-25 cm thick.

Video: we build a hipped roof ourselves

Having weighed all the positive and negative aspects of the operation of the hipped roof, you can decide to build it on your own. The main thing is to calculate everything and follow the clear instructions given by construction professionals.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

During construction country cottage or a house in the village, we often wonder how to make a hipped roof? Today it is the most popular roofing option. By design, the hipped roof is a tent. At the same time, one can distinguish both positive and negative sides devices of this design. Note that for the construction of the roof, it is not necessary to resort to the help of specialists. You can completely implement the device of a hipped roof with your own hands. But for this you need to make all the calculations yourself. It is also important to familiarize yourself with the construction of the truss system at home. Our site can help with this, where you can find photo projects of houses with a hipped roof. The hipped roof is attached by analogy with other structures. If you wish, you can always ask your friends for help - extra working hands will not hurt.

The main advantage of the roof is aerodynamics (resistance to heavy wind). The air currents seem to slide down the slopes and do not harm the attic.

At the same time, we will immediately highlight the drawback - a complex frame and its installation. The hipped roof structure is a pyramid with a square or rectangular base. In the first case it comes about a ramp with 4 triangles. In the second case - about 2 triangular and 2 trapezoidal slopes. Triangular slopes are also called hips. They, together with the trapezoidal slopes, lean or extend beyond the walls of the house.

Hipped roof - blueprint

The basic scheme of the roof of the house is calculated using several methods. To build a hipped roof, you will need a system and a Pythagorean table for calculating triangles and trapezoids. Actions for calculating pitched and hip areas are not difficult. Before, it is necessary to consider a number of nuances. Difficulty can be caused by the calculation of the location of the slant and ordinary rafters. This procedure can be time-consuming. But for preliminary stage for roofing is a working moment. The main thing is to make correct calculations, so as not to buy later additional material or not to rebuild the tent.

So, we start building. The first step is to assemble the frame. After that, you can fix the roof. The device of the rafter system is by no means an easy task. Therefore, in our article will be given step-by-step instruction to create a wireframe. We will tell you how to fix the roof and how to calculate this or that element of the rafter system. As a result, the hipped roof of your country cottage will acquire an aesthetic appearance.

Hip roof device: basic rules

When making a roof, you must adhere to the following rules:

Hip roof - getting to work

Do not forget that the installation of the hipped roof must be completed before starting the installation of the ceiling.

First of all, lay the timber around the perimeter of the house and on top of the walls. A beam is a beam made of wood or metal. Its installation is needed to distribute weight over the entire surface. After that, the bar receives the status of a Mauerlat. To fix it to the wall of the house, special studs are used.

outline the boundaries of the axis (from the end of the house along the upper harness);
calculate half the thickness of the ridge bar and mark the place where the first structural element will be installed;
then, attach one end of the measuring rod to the marked line, and mark the location of the center rafter;
hipped roof - calculation of the overhang of the rafters: with one end we install the beam on the overhang of the roof, and the other end is placed on outer corner walls;
to position the remaining elements of the central rafters, move the rail along the side wall;
repeat the algorithm in the same way on the other three corners.

Types of hipped roofs and their calculation

For the calculation, you need to prepare a measuring rod. It can be made from ordinary plywood, 5 cm wide. We recommend using a special table for calculations on the ratios between rafters and their length. According to the table, the leg length of each rafter is the product of its projection coefficient. To improve the accuracy and reliability of calculations, follow the recommendations in the table. Thanks to them, the calculation of the hipped roof will not be difficult.

Hip roofs and an example of their calculation

With the help of the rail, a projection (horizontal) of the intermediate rafter is compiled. Using the table, we calculate the angle of a suitable slope. Finally, we multiply the received data.

The length of the rafter overhang is calculated in the same way. The projection (horizontal) is multiplied by a factor. You can also use the Pythagorean theorem to calculate this data. Approximate formula: a2 + b2 = c2. According to such a system, the coefficients a and b will act as horizontal and vertical projections.

Each rafter has an oblique cut. It serves as the basis for attaching to the ridge bar. At the same time, the ridge itself also has a protective fixation - it has a double bevel undercut.

Features of the calculation of the corner rafter:

the entire length of the rafter is measured from the corner;
the projection is defined as the product of the squares of the projection lengths of the rafters.

The resulting number must be multiplied by a coefficient (we use the table) - thus, the length of the corner rafter is calculated.

After that, you need to calculate the area of the triangular slopes. To do this, we again resort to the Pythagorean theorem. To make it easier to count, imagine the ramp in the form of two right triangles... Next, using the formula, calculate the area of the trapezoid of the side surface of the roof. At the final stage, the roof is calculated. In this case, all areas are summed up with each other. The resulting value will be the minimum area (footage) of the roof

Hip roofs attract attention from afar. The apparent simplicity and brevity of the shape of the roof captivates, so the desire to make such a roof is quite natural. What needs to be foreseen for construction and how to properly build a hipped roof with your own hands?

Among the whole variety of roofs for private houses, a tent or hip roof is the most economical in terms of materials for construction. Roof slopes are in the form of isosceles triangles that form a common top, and a square acts as the base.

A tent-shaped roof is a variety hipped roof... Another name for the hipped roof is hip. Its base is a rectangle: 2 side faces are triangular, and the others represent a trapezoid.

The perfect symmetry of the building system and roof slopes requires coordinated actions and accurate calculation when it self-erection... In order to make such a roof, it is important to carefully study the features of its design.

The main elements of the hipped roof truss system are:

support beam Mauerlat, which acts as a support for the ends of the rafters;

diagonal rafters located at the corners of the frame;

supports-struts;

shortened rafters or rafters, which are attached to the slant rafters;

additional supports (benches, crossbars and purlins) that create rigidity for the roof.

But be that as it may, the complex arrangement of the rafter and hipped roof components creates a stable system that is used in the construction of private houses. Of course, for the construction of a hipped roof with your own hands, you will need an accurate calculation, the formulas of which are based on trivial methods for calculating triangles.

How to calculate a hipped roof

The main purpose of calculating such a roof is to find the volume of materials required for its construction (roofing, roofing material), lathing and installation of the rafter system according to certain parameters... In addition to volumetric parameters, the slope angle of the ramp is calculated, as well as the overall dynamic strength of the system.

Naturally, in terms of the number of parameters, the calculation is quite complex and voluminous, so it is best to use an online calculator, which you can easily find on the net.

As a result of this calculation, you will receive the following data:

total roof surface area (including overhangs);
angles of inclination of the side rafters;
the lengths of the side, diagonal and slant rafters;
the required number of rafters for the installation of the system;
recommended rafter section;
number of rows of crate;
volumes of timber for rafters.

DIY hipped roof: photo, video, process features

It is better to start building a hipped roof with small architectural forms(for example, the roof of a garage or open gazebo). A great occasion to study the technology of roof construction and further improve your skills at work.

Arrangement of the frame

The frame of such a roof has a simple design and consists of four diagonal rafters and eight struts (there are two struts for each rafter).

Roof installation always starts with the construction of the frame. It is important to understand that for wooden houses the frame rests on the upper crowns, for houses made of foam concrete and brick houses- on the Mauerlat.

Installation of support bars and Mauerlat

Mauerlat mounting methods:

using rafter pins;

using steel wire;

with anchor bolts.

Fastening the Mauerlat using a wire is performed by laying a steel wire at a distance of 20-30 mm. As soon as the masonry is dry, the wire is wrapped around the timber, after which its ends are fixed.

The studs for fastening the rafters are L-shaped and the immersion depth into the concrete pad is up to 450 mm. Mauerlat is placed and holes are drilled to install the studs. Next, the studs are installed in place, after which they are tightened with a nut.

Regardless of which method of fastening the Mauerlat you have chosen, you need to provide a waterproofing layer. Before the introduction of the studs, the waterproofing material is pierced. After pouring with concrete, you need to calculate the thread of the studs until the concrete has time to harden.

Mounting the Mauerlat on anchor bolts perform directly into the armopoyas before pouring. To mark the holes for the anchor bolts, you need to prepare the board and mark the installation locations on it. Next, the board is applied to the face of the Mauerlat and holes are drilled according to the markings. After preparation, the Mauerlat is put on the bolts, a washer is placed, then the nut is tightened.

Arrangement of the rafter system

After aligning the Mauerlat along the perimeter of the roof, you can proceed to the installation of the rafter system, namely the diagonal rafters located along the diagonals of the hipped roof. At the same time, keep in mind that the main load of the system falls just on the diagonal rafters. Diagonal beams are of considerable length and weight.

Their installation is carried out according to the calculated non-thrust or spacer scheme, according to which rafter leg beams can abut against a beam or Mauerlat. The angle of inclination of the rafters can be up to 23 °. The second pair of rafters is installed in exactly the same way. After installing the diagonal rafters, 2 short struts are adjacent to them.

During operation, there may be a need to cut off the upper face of the attachment rafter. It must be laid on the edge at an angle. The layer in the valley is cut off with a groove. Thus, laying the battens is much easier.

Useful tips for building a hipped roof

According to the selected project, all operations during the construction of a hipped roof - the construction of the lathing, the device of the valley, the framing of the openings and pipes are carried out when the rafter system is installed. Accurate adherence to construction technology will provide an excellent result.