The optimal ceiling height in a private house. Comfortable ceiling height in a private house What the law says

When building a private house, the owner must be guided not only by his own preferences, but also to comply with applicable standards. This is especially true for the height of the premises. for different purposes... The height of the ceilings is also important in apartments, because it affects the comfort of living and the possibilities in design decoration rooms. In different epochs of construction, different norms were in force. The indicators also differ depending on the purpose of the room. We will tell you what is the optimal ceiling height in a private house, apartment, and also describe what determines and what should be the height of the bath from floor to ceiling.

As for the height of the ceilings in the apartment, these norms are regulated by a document called SNiP, in particular its series 31-01-2003. Details about this indicator can be found in paragraph 5.8 of the specified document.

It says here that minimum height room or auxiliary room is determined depending on:

its type and purpose;
region of construction.

Important! The norms for the height of the premises exist to ensure optimal natural circulation air in the house and a favorable microclimate.

To find out which climatic region a particular place belongs to, it is enough to refer to SNiP under the number 23-01-99. The entire territory of our country is divided into climatic regions, taking into account the average monthly temperature, air humidity and the direction of the prevailing winds. The territory of the Russian Federation is divided into 4 climatic regions. All of them are additionally divided into 16 districts. Zone IA is considered the coldest.

Depending on the climatic region, the following room heights apply:

In the territories belonging to zones IA, IB, IG, ID, as well as VA, the minimum allowable height from floor to ceiling is 2700 mm.
In all other zones, the norms of 2500 mm are adhered to.

Accommodation standards

New apartments with high ceilings are not common today. This is due to the fact that on this moment there are norms according to which the optimal distance from the ceiling surface to the clean floor in the apartment is taken equal to 2400-2800 mm. It is prohibited to design apartments with a height of less than 2.4 m. A smaller indicator will not only adversely affect the microclimate in the room, but also will not allow a person to feel comfortable in a low room.

These norms do not apply to construction. individual houses... If desired, the owner of such a building can equip rooms with a height of 3000-3500 mm. But in pursuit of a comfortable space, do not forget that tall rooms take longer to heat up and require significant heating costs.

Today, the following norms for the height of residential premises are in force:

children's room, bedroom, living room and study - not less than 2500 mm;
kitchen - also at least 250 cm;
if mezzanines are installed in the corridor or hallway, then under them the optimal distance from the floor to the ceiling surface is 2100 mm;
the height of the ceilings in a private house with an attic can be reduced in a room with pitched roof twice (that is, the joint of the wall and sloped ceiling must be at least 1.4 m-1.6 m above the floor).

Extreme maximum value this parameter is not specified in private buildings. Most often, rooms in houses are made no higher than 3200 mm, and in buildings of the last century - 4000 mm.

Standards for non-residential premises

When designing non-residential premises, they are guided by the following standards for this indicator:

public buildings and sanatoriums - not less than 3000 mm;
auxiliary premises and corridors - at least 1900 mm;
production shops and dry cleaners - at least 3600 mm;
the height of the technical floors depends on the engineering communications, but must be at least 1600 mm;
Preschool educational institutions, schools, medical institutions - at least 3000 mm;
offices, shopping centers and administrative offices - at least 3 meters.

Standard ceiling heights in houses

Tenement houses built in a particular era have different parameter the height of the premises. Moreover, the difference depends on the purpose of the structure and the time of its construction. For apartments built in different corners our country, are characterized by the same dimensions.

Stalinka

Such apartments belong to the old housing stock and are characterized by impressive dimensions. This era was characterized by the lack of savings in space and materials, because there was no massive housing construction. The distance from the ceiling surface to the floor in such apartments is 3300-3600 mm. The ceiling is often decorated with stucco molding and decorative cornices.

Advice! To adjust the parameters of high "stalinkas" install suspended or stretch ceiling... As for painting, wallpapering or whitewashing, they are inappropriate in such apartments.

Khrushchev

During the reign of Khrushchev, the task was to provide housing for every family. Since the project implementation time and costs were rather limited, small apartments were designed. On average, the distance from floor to ceiling was 2480-2600 mm, but in northern latitudes, apartments with a height of at least 2700 mm were built.

Important! The ceiling surface in Khrushchev is not decorated with suspended structures that steal valuable centimeters. To visually expand the space, it is recommended to use light glossy Decoration Materials.

Brezhnevka

The houses built during the Brezhnev era are distinguished by improved dimensions, because after the mass construction of the Khrushchev small apartments it's time to think about the comfort of housing. The apartments are characterized by spacious areas, each room has a separate entrance, the kitchen is spacious enough, there are built-in lockers and mezzanines in the corridor. As for the height, in brezhnevka this parameter is equal to 2600-2700 mm.

Block and panel houses

Active cocking of panel and block houses began in the Khrushchev era. The distance from the ceiling to the floor in the first panels built was 2500 mm. At the same time, the layout of small-sized Khrushchev buildings was fully preserved.

In the 80s, they began to build new block and panel apartment buildings with improved layout. Here the height of the rooms is in the range of 2650-2750 mm. The layout of the apartments was radically different from the Khrushchev buildings, and the height of the building exceeded 5 floors.

Outbuildings

There are no exact norms regarding the height of outbuildings. Economic structures may differ in this parameter depending on the region of construction and the purpose of the premises. A shed for storing utensils and tools is made with a height of 1900 mm. If it is necessary to store large items, the distance is increased to 2000-2200 mm.

Ceiling heights for auxiliary premises

Any apartment has auxiliary premises. These are places where a person does not stay constantly, that is, he does not sleep, does not cook or takes food. When designing them, they are also guided by certain standards.

Bathroom

In apartments and private houses, the bathroom is arranged under the same overlap as the living rooms, therefore the height of the room is directly related to the standard height of the rest of the apartment or house. If the area of the bathroom is small, and the distance from floor to ceiling is significant, then the room seems disproportionate and uncomfortable. To correct this deficiency, suspended or suspended ceilings are mounted in the bathroom at the required distance from the floor.

Bath

If you want to know the exact height of the ceiling in the bath, the standard is 2300 mm. Usually, this is the parameter that is observed when constructing a one-story freestanding building. A ceiling height in a bath of less than 2200 mm is unacceptable, because it leads to poor circulation of heated air.

Attention! More precisely, the distance from the floor to the ceiling in the bath is determined taking into account the number of shelves and the total number of rows.

However, if the bath is made very high, then the room will take a very long time to warm up to the required temperature. Another disadvantage of too high a bath lies in the significant consumption of raw materials or electricity for heating.

How to calculate the ceiling height

To independently determine the optimal distance from the ceiling surface to the clean floor in the room, the following rules are followed:

For living rooms and other premises of a person's permanent residence, this parameter is selected taking into account the growth of the tallest household. A 1 m height reserve is added to its growth. A free space above human height is needed to protect against inhalation of dusty and very dry air that circulates a meter from the ceiling.
When determining the height of the rooms, do not forget to take into account the heating costs. A high room heats up longer and requires high costs for heating the coolant.

Interesting fact! With an increase in the height of the floor by 30 cm, the cubic capacity of the house increases by 30 m³. As a result, for the device autonomous heating you will need powerful expensive equipment.

In multi-storey private houses, a significant distance from floor to ceiling requires the construction of an overall staircase that takes up a lot of usable space. To save space, you can make a steeper staircase, but it's not safe to navigate.
When calculating this parameter, take into account the areas of individual rooms. So, a high ceiling in a small room looks disproportionate and causes an unpleasant feeling for the people who are there. Ceiling surface too low in spacious room makes it visually even lower.

When it is allowed not to comply with the norms

When building an individual house, you may not comply with the current norms regarding the height of the premises. However, do not forget that this often leads to undesirable consequences in the form of high costs for materials and heating of the house or an unfavorable microclimate in the house.

During construction apartment buildings and public buildings, designers and builders are obliged to comply with the current regulations regarding the height of premises.

Each person wants his dwelling to be as spacious as possible, therefore, when purchasing a house or apartment, first of all he estimates its area. But, unfortunately, during the search, people often overlook such a moment as the height of the ceiling for one-storey house... The height of the ceiling can have a very significant effect on the visual perception of the room. If the ceilings are too low, then a person, being in such a room, will constantly experience discomfort and inconvenience.

Very often people in their homes prefer to make ceilings about 3.5 meters high. This option is very convenient, since only the upper 20 cm of the walls remain unoccupied in such rooms. Below this mark are cornices and carpets.

In addition, in apartments you can often find ceilings with a height of 2.7 to 2.7 meters. This option is also quite good - the room has the necessary space, and its price due to the savings in the materials used is quite acceptable.

The ideal option is a ceiling height of 3.2 meters - there is large volume fresh air, which is good for your health. In addition, this ceiling height does not have a visual "crushing" effect. If you do not have the opportunity to equip ceilings of such a height, a mark of 2.5 meters is quite suitable. This height is quite comfortable for a person.

Ceiling heights and energy consumption in the home

Floor thickness, above-ceiling space and floor-to-ceiling height of the room are the components of the floor height between the finished floor marks. Floor heights are usually determined by building design codes and the structure of the building itself. The energy efficiency of the room depends on the height of the ceiling, as it affects the area of the outer surface of the building, which is exposed to solar radiation and atmospheric influences.

Standards and practice

Despite the fact that the standard ceiling height of 2.5 meters is practically not found in new houses, this does not mean that after buying an apartment in a new building, a happy newcomer will not receive a room with low, pressing ceilings. If the quality of the building is poor, the ceiling surface will inevitably require additional leveling, which can significantly reduce the space. Therefore, the standard and practical conditions in a number of new buildings are different concepts.

Norms

No one normative document and no standard sets a single correct parameter. In SNiP, only the minimum ceiling height is indicated. Construction is unacceptable below this parameter. SNiP gives the following recommendations:

In living rooms and kitchens, the lower indicator is 2.5 m.For climatic regions 1A, 1B, 1G, 1D and 4A - 2.7 m.
In corridors and halls, the ceiling height must be at least 2.1 m, which is determined by the safety requirements for the movement of people.
Attics and rooms with inclined enclosing structures are allowed to be built with a height lower than the standard. The standard in this case determines the percentage of the room space with low and standard ceilings. Lower ceilings should occupy no more than half of the room.
The height of the lowest part of the attic ceiling cannot be less than 1.3 meters if the slope is 30 °. With an increase in the slope to 45 °, the distance from the floor to the ceiling SNiP is not standardized.
For public buildings, SNiP establishes a standard of 3 m.
Living quarters located in public buildings are equipped in accordance with the recommendations developed for the apartments.

Ergonomics

If the minimum distance from floor to ceiling is determined by SNiP, then ergonomics is involved in the development of optimal parameters. The tasks of this science include calculating the parameters of a room that will allow a person to feel as comfortable as possible. It's no secret that in a room with a low ceiling there is a feeling of pressure. It will be uncomfortable and high room small area. Here a person feels like in a well.

A comfortable room must meet the following requirements ergonomics:

Adequate amount of natural light.
Adequate amount of fresh air.
Optimal humidity conditions.

Compliance with these requirements largely depends on the size of the room and the height of its ceilings. The optimal ceiling height was first justified by Dürer. Further research was carried out by the German architect Ernst Neufert, who designed the modules with ideal parameters. These and other studies were subsequently taken as the basis for the norms of SNiP.

Ceiling design

Ceiling lighting

The design of the ceilings in the room determines not only the stylistic orientation of its design, but also the atmosphere of coziness and comfort. In the store you can find a lot of finishing materials for ceiling surfaces.

The specific choice of finishing option will largely be determined by such a parameter as the height of the ceilings.

Ceiling tiles

Ceiling tiles work well for rooms with low ceilings. It features a variety of designs, excellent performance characteristics and practically does not hide the space of the room. The advantages of this material include ease of installation.

This ceiling finish becomes a great alternative to modern options.

Nevertheless, the decoration with tiles can be distinguished by several "surprises", which are far from always pleasant. The tile is not able to hide significant surface irregularities. In addition, with large differences, its sticker will cause a lot of difficulties, and it is almost impossible to guarantee quality in such conditions. There will always be a chance that the tiles will simply come off.

An uneven ceiling can be pre-leveled, but in this case, the tile loses its main advantage as a finishing material for a room with a low ceiling. The leveling layer will "eat" those very carefully stored centimeters of space.

Suspended structures

Suspended structures - modern way transform the room and make the design of the room unique. They make it possible to do without preliminary preparation base surface... Installation of suspended ceiling structures any type is carried out on profiles, so they reduce the height of the ceiling. Suspended structures can have any configuration and several levels. In the space hidden by them, communications and lighting devices can be hidden.

It is generally accepted that for a room with low ceilings, it is better not to use suspended options. However, this is not entirely true. One-tier design with the smallest possible distance from the base surface to the profile, it allows you to diversify the design of the room, make it stylish and beautiful.

If the room has a large ceiling height, you can embody absolutely any design idea. Suspended structures allow you to create any shape and configuration, including very complex ones. Such design moves allows you to solve a lot of everyday problems - to increase the noise insulation of the room, to zone it, to hide communications, to “play” with lighting.

Tension structures

Backlit white and black

Tensile structures are ideal for large, spacious rooms. This finishing method is the best in ceiling design today. The canvases are distinguished by a variety of textures and colors. Any pattern can be applied to their surface. Layered design tensile structures has no restrictions, except for the designer's imagination. The height of the ceilings in the room - the most important parameter selection of such designs. For rooms with low ceilings, use them with care. Here will be appropriate single-level ceilings located about 5-10 cm from the base.

If the height of the ceilings allows, you can diversify the interior as you like. Three- and four-tier structures with a complex configuration look good in large rooms and living rooms. Arched and tent structures allow not only to hide any unsightly communications, but also give the room an unforgettable atmosphere, a very special flavor.

Color solutions

Perfect ceiling design is not only right choice finishing material, but also a well-chosen color scheme. Modern finishing materials are of great variety color solutions and textures. Same option used in different rooms, can give completely different effects.

Most often the design is applied in light tones - white or pastel shades. Its advantage is the ability to visually expand the space if the ceiling height is low. White ceiling surfaces allow the use of almost any color in the interior. Such a solution is ideal for decorating a room in a classic style. Incarnation in the interior of a non-standard design idea may require different shades of the shelf surface.

Cornice lighting

When choosing a color, you should be guided by the following rules:

The lower the ceiling height, the lighter its surface should be. It is advisable to make the floor as dark as possible, and choose the color of the walls in the range between these colors... This solution will visually expand the space.
For disproportionately high ceilings, their color should be dark to black. Otherwise, there is a feeling of a deep stone well, which is uncomfortable to be in.
In dark rooms, warm shades look best, and in light ones, cold ones.

Conclusion

The height of the ceilings is a parameter that affects not only the cost of housing or its maintenance, but also the well-being of the person in the room. It provides coziness, comfort and a pleasant atmosphere. The same parameter will be decisive when choosing design solutions interior finishes.

Before each owner of a private house under construction, the question arises - what is the optimal height of the ceilings in it?

This figure depends not only on the preferences of the owner, but also on building codes, as well as elementary rules of ergonomics.

Let's consider which numbers you need to build on.

Established standards

According to the legalized building codes and rules (SNiP), the ceiling height in residential premises must be at least 2.5 meters.

These standards were put into operation a long time ago, therefore, this is exactly the height of the ceilings in buildings of the old construction.

In the new SanPin from 2010, the norms for the height of the ceilings are not indicated, which allows the owner to vary these figures at his own discretion.

Optimal ceiling height

When designing the height of ceilings in a private house under construction, it is necessary to rely on the area of future premises. Ceilings with a height of 3 meters will be inappropriate for small rooms, as well as a height of 2.5 meters in a spacious hall will become a little overwhelming.

How to be? A simple rule should be remembered - how larger area rooms, the higher the ceiling.

Average ceiling heights range from 2.7-3.2 meters. But you shouldn't chase higher heights. Yes, spacious rooms with high ceilings are beautiful and make you feel at ease.

But there are also some downsides:

1. First of all, high ceilings will significantly increase the cost of building and operating a house.

2. Heating a spacious room will be difficult and expensive.

3. Any repair or even replacement of a light bulb on a very high ceiling can be a problem.

4. The best option there will be a choice of the average value of the ceiling height - from 2.6 to 3 meters. Such figures will allow you to keep the spaciousness of the rooms, and the construction costs will be minimal.

Ceiling height is an integral part of comfortable living and psychological feeling in the room. Generally accepted rules and regulations establish this value depending on the type of structure. In apartments, this height does not have to be chosen, it is installed building standards and on average is 2.5-2.7 m. And if it comes about a private house at the stages of construction and planning, special attention is paid to this parameter.

Thanks to the correct calculations, you will not have any problems with the installation of multi-tiered ceilings and the placement of any decorative elements inside the rooms.

The height of the ceiling depends on the purpose of the room.

The decision on the height of the ceilings should be made at the stage of approving the project of the house. There are no standards as such for its value. However, it will depend on the purpose of the premises. For example, for saunas and baths it is absolutely inappropriate to choose high ceilings, since the consumed heat will be distributed inappropriately, and all the steam will be concentrated at the top.

For small living rooms, increasing the ceiling will make it feel uncomfortable. Rooms with low ceilings are ideal for nurseries, bathrooms and kitchens that do not require a huge floor space. But living rooms and halls, rooms reserved for a library or warehouse - they will look great with the maximum high level ceiling in large houses.

Generally accepted norms and requirements of standards

A height of 2.7 m in a private house is taken as the generally accepted value. It will be quite enough for a comfortable stay, as well as for cleaning and repairing the premises. At such a height, it is quite easy to design multilevel ceilings both mounted and tensioned. However, if you do not want to clutter the surface of the ceiling various designs, but just paint it, a height of 2.5 m is quite suitable. These are the private generally accepted standards.

Construction standards modern buildings governed by various regulations sanitary regulations and requirements state standards... They can be found in building regulations- SNiPakh. In houses where people permanently live, these rules establish a minimum value of 2.6 m. Being guided by these rules, you should know that many of them have already lost their force and are recognized not by laws, but only by sets of rules. Despite this, many designers still use them. In the new urban planning rules for architectural design, the ceiling height is not regulated. Therefore, you can choose it at your own discretion, without violating fire safety requirements.

There is an opinion of owners of private houses that the higher the ceiling height, the better. It is believed that at the same time it is possible to equip a room in different options and to your liking. But this is far from the case. Imagine a room in a residential building, the walls of which are more than three meters. The total cubic footage of such a room will be larger, which will make it more spacious. But in winter period it will take a lot of money to heat such areas.

By the laws of physics warm air always strives upward, and the cold one spreads on the floor. And even with heavy use heating devices heat will be used for other purposes. In addition, the heat accumulating at the top of the room will destroy the attic and the roof itself. If it is wooden, then the material will soon dry out and crack.

Standard normal height in brick, frame or log house as well as in a two-story country cottage must meet SNiP. These rules are the same as in the first. So it is on the second floor.

Room geometry

The expert opinion converges at a ceiling height of 2.6 to 3 meters. In order to choose the right one from this range, it is necessary to decide on the layout of the structure and its use. Important role plays seasonal operation Houses. If you are planning to build a cozy summer house With small rooms, feel free to choose a height of 2.6 meters. Such houses are not characterized by huge living rooms and spacious halls. Therefore, the ceilings do not need to be raised.

If the house is meant for year-round residence, spacious bedrooms and a large living room will look appropriate in it. In this case, you cannot do without high walls, especially if the layout of the rooms provides for the placement of bunk beds.

Optimal ceiling height format

Each owner of a house under construction wants to choose optimal height for the rooms of your house. It must be remembered that the house has yet to be built, and then maintain and care for its space, and not just enjoy its splendor. To choose the best option stick to three things:

your desires;
ergonomic rules;
construction standards.

With our desires, everything is clear, and they are quite varied, so they do not need to be discussed. But you should get acquainted with ergonomics at least in general outline... This scientific discipline studies the effective interaction of a person with the surrounding space to maximize his functions. Therefore, when choosing a height, you should have an idea of the purpose of the room, the location of household items and decor elements in it.

To choose the best option, you need to rely on the area of \ u200b \ u200bthe rooms. There is a rule: the larger the area, the higher the walls. A small room with a huge ceiling will look ridiculous, and in a large hall the ceiling of two and a half meters will press on its space. There is another way to define the desired height... To do this, you can choose the tallest member of your family and ask him to stretch his arms up. Add 30-35 mm to its height, and add up to get the optimal value.

Cons and pros of high ceilings

Flaws:

the cost of designing and building a house will become more expensive. In addition, you will have to spend money on materials for interior decoration;
it will not be easy to organize a heating system, and in the process of use it will require large monetary costs;
any renovation work the ceiling will require a lot of effort. Workers will have to use additional structures in their work, which will also affect the cost and time of repairs;
everyday difficulties. Dexterity is required when cleaning the upper half of the room. Replacing a light bulb can be a big problem.

Despite this, high ceilings have become widespread due to their advantages:

high height disposes to a special atmosphere and a free feeling in the house;
unlimited imagination in the design of decorating the ceiling. High walls will allow you to create a unique ceiling design using two or three-tiered plasterboard structures. The scale ceiling can be decorated with various decorative stucco that will look luxurious with classic style or medieval baroque.

Even such a huge space requires effective use... Designers recommend using the "rule of three" - to visually divide the walls into three sections. Place additional trim on the bottom, for example, sheathe it with stone or clapboard. Decorate the second section with paintings and shelves.

These objects should not be placed above eye level to avoid the feeling of emptiness. Third, leave it intact. With this layout, the ceiling will appear even higher! In the design of lighting, be sure to use massive chandeliers. They will emphasize the elegance and chic of the room.

So that the space does not inspire boredom, accept bold decision- paint one of the walls in a contrasting bright color! This emphasis will add uniqueness.

Cons and pros of low ceilings

Flaws.

The feeling of oppressive space will always accompany the room with low level ceiling. It will be uncomfortable to be in it.
Limited use of hanging chandeliers. There are houses where the ceiling height is limited to two meters. In such rooms, the chandelier will have to be bypassed.
Limited ability to create architectural compositions. If you dream of creating a multi-level structure in a room with a low ceiling, you will have to seek help from professional designers. It will be difficult to create such a ceiling, but it is possible.

The pluses of low ceilings are the minuses of high ceilings. Therefore, we will not repeat ourselves. Let's take a closer look at what the designers will advise in these cases.