Pomegranate yard. Chambers (Pomegranate Dvor), XVII in Pomegranate Dvor on Spiridonovka
At this address there are preserved ancient (XVI century) chambers of the Pomegranate Court. Once upon a time, explosive shells were made here - grenades, hence the name.
In the 17th century, the Pomegranate Yard was transferred to the Simonov Monastery, and in its place, Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich ordered to set up a hospital (hospital). At the beginning of the 18th century, during a fire in 1712, the Pomegranate Yard burned down and was transferred to Vasilievsky Meadow, and later to the Simonov Monastery. For almost two centuries it was believed that nothing had survived from it, but now some buildings of the Pomegranate Court of the 16th-17th centuries have been discovered and restored.
In the decoration, you can find a few surviving patterns, generously smeared with curved restorers.
I don’t know how it happened and by what miracle, but it was not a museum or even some exhibition that settled in the ancient premises, but an ordinary company calling itself the SCHOOL OF INTERIOR DESIGN "DETAILS", from the back side of the building they made their modern contribution to the design of the old chambers ...
I hope someday these designers will be kicked out of here and given the building as a museum, where everyone can freely come and look at the architectural monument and the way of life of the 16th century.
There are also few archival photographs of this place.
This picture was taken sometime between 1900-1910.
And this is about 1988, it can be seen in what devastation the chambers were at that time. For many years the place was just like this.
It's nice to walk along this street, especially on a weekend, when there are few cars, so we turn off Malaya Nikitskaya. Behind the A.M. Gorky and our walk along Spiridonovka begins. The street is named after the church of St. Spyridonius in the Goat bog. Once this was the name of this area, where wild goats were found, and Spiridonius was a shepherd in his youth. He is revered by the church as the patron saint of shepherds, goats and agriculture in general. Over time, houses were built around the stream in the swamp, then luxurious mansions. In modern times, the church was demolished, Spiridonovka was renamed into Aleksey Tolstoy Street, and embassies occupied the mansions. But still, despite the high-rise buildings built back in the Soviet era, here and now Old Moscow breathes.
In addition to the fact that on Spiridonovka there are two mansions built by Shekhtel, two literary museums, a monument to Alexander Blok, here you can see many interesting buildings in very good condition. On Sunday, on this street, you often meet people with maps, guidebooks, just looking at buildings and with cameras, in general, the walk turned out with positive emotions.
1. Beginning of Spiridonovka - house number 3/5, one of the oldest buildings in Moscow, the chambers of the Granatny Dvor. From this place, an arrow with Granatny Lane is visible, on the arrow there is a pink house in the shape of an iron, which forms the direction of Spiridonovka.
2. In the XIV century in the Granatny Dvor there were workshops where explosive artillery shells were made. In Soviet times, there were almost ruins here, and in the 1970s, the building was threatened with demolition. Fortunately, this time everything ended well, and in the 90s, the complex finally began to be restored. After restoration or reconstruction, according to experts, the building was adapted for the Association of Interior Designers.
3. View of the Pomegranate yard.
5. Corner house at number 2/9 was built in 1902 for merchants, brothers Mikhail and Nicholas of Armenia. This apartment building with a dormitory for poor Armenian students who studied in Moscow was built in two stages: in 1899, a three-story stone house in an eclectic style was built along Granatny Lane according to the project of the architect G.A. Kaiser, and in 1902 the architect V.A. Velichkin, the author of the Savoy Hotel in Moscow, a master of Moscow Art Nouveau, erected a massive four-story building, which adjoined the house in Granatnoye and continued along the perimeter of Spiridonovka. The facade was already decorated in the Art Nouveau style. The building acquired its present appearance in the late 1930s, when its four-story part was built on with one floor, and the three-story part with two.
Until 1917, a large family of its owners lived in the house. N.P. Armenian was a member of the Russian Photographic Society. His brother M.P. Armenian was one of the founders of the Ski Lovers Society. In one of the apartments there was a private school for children, headed by A.F. Armenian. From the moment of construction in the apartments of this house at all times the creative intelligentsia lived: architects, writers. In the apartments of this house, various parties were held and a bohemian life reigned. Today, the building still houses residential apartments, with the exception of the first floor, where, in addition to the Open Club contemporary art gallery, various organizations are located.
6. Residential building No. 9 of the merchant H. Pavlov (reconstruction 1994) is a two-storey brick house, built according to an individual project in the classical style.
7. Nice mansion is a cultural heritage site, built in 1895. Symmetrically located entrances are highlighted with light openwork visors.
8. House No. 10, built in 1905 by the architect P. V. Skosyrev by order of His Majesty the Emperor for the artists of the Bolshoi Theater. The mansion with a beautiful facade is located in a quiet, fenced-in public garden.
9. The house has preserved grand marble staircases, arched windows and stucco moldings, reminiscent of the historical, theatrical past of this house.
10. The house at 11 Spiridonovka is also an architectural monument. The city estate of A.F. Belyaev, built in 1902-1904 by the architect I. I. Boni, is an object of cultural heritage of federal significance. The house was built in the Rational Art Nouveau style for a well-known doctor, who saw Chaliapin and Sobinov. The unusual fence makes the house very attractive. And the building itself was built as an imitation of the Ryabushinsky mansion, which is located at the beginning of the street. Currently, house number 11 is the embassy of Peru, right behind the fence - the possession of Algeria.
11. Look at the beginning of Spiridonovka, on the right side houses 2/9, 9, 11 are visible.
12. House No. 13 - R.I. Geste was built in 1907 by the architect S.S. Shutsman, and again an object of cultural heritage. This mansion houses the Algerian embassy.
13. Address of the next property number 14. Own Renaissance apartment building by architect PS Boytsov (1903), built> with the participation of the architect A.V. Flodina. This house is now occupied by the Consulate General of Greece. The balcony of the third floor of the building is framed with a metal lattice of classical ornament. The general symmetry of the facade with elements of architectural decor is broken on the ground floor by an entrance vestibule, a protruding corner and a faceted bay window above it. The house is adorned with a massive sculptural group: a lion defeating a dragon, as a reminder of Viennese architecture.
14. House No. 16 - P.S. Boytsova.
15. And this mansion (house number 17) is the main decoration of Spiridonovka. Fyodor Shekhtel designed a castle-like mansion for Savva Morozov and his wife. At one time, the love of Savva and Zinaida Morozov made a lot of noise in merchant Moscow. The young 18-year-old wife of Sergei Vikulovich Morozov met his uncle Savva Morozov at the ball. For her sake, Savva stepped over the customs of the Old Believers and invited Zinaida to become his wife. Relatives and the entire merchant society perceived divorce and marriage as a great shame for the family. Despite everything, in 1888 Savva and Zinaida got married and lived together for 17 years.
16. Savva Timofeevich Morozov studied at Cambridge and was a famous Anglomaniac, so he chose the style of English neo-Gothic for his mansion. Built in 1898, the mansion was the first large-scale work of the architect Shekhtel. The money received from this order allowed him to build a mansion for himself in Ermolaevsky Lane. The construction was supervised by the architect I. Kuznetsov with assistants V. D. Adamovich, I. E. Bondarenko, the interiors were commissioned by the artist M. A. Vrubel.
17. The new mansion was built indented from the red line, connecting it with an underground passage with the utility wing, where all the auxiliary services were located. Everything was done according to the most modern European standards. The house on Spiridonovka became the best building in the neo-Gothic style in Moscow. Its strict geometric volumes create an asymmetrical composition with a corner tower-like part. The mansion was badly damaged by fire in 1995, but was quickly rebuilt. After all, this is a federal cultural heritage site. Currently, it is the reception house of the Russian Foreign Ministry.
18. House No. 20 corresponds to the respectable style of the street, but it seems that it is a remake.
16. At the corner of Spiridonovka and Spiridonievsky Lane there is a large gray residential building No. 24/1 of the Teplobeton trust in the style of constructivism. This unique house was built in 1932-1934 from a rare technological novelty - heat concrete. Currently - the Union of Designers of Russia.
17. The house is also distinguished by the presence of a bas-relief with allegorical figures and explanatory inscriptions: "Technology, art, science". There are two styles in the architecture of the house - constructivism and the Stalinist Empire style. It was on this place that the destroyed church stood.
21. View towards the Garden Ring - houses No. 28 and 30.
22. Tarasov House No. 30/1 was built according to the project of Ivan Vladislavovich Zholtovsky (1867-1959), a graduate of the Imperial Academy of Arts, who came to Moscow and has already completed several large orders in the old capital and the surrounding estates.
This house on the corner of Spiridonovka and Bolshoy Patriarshy Lane looks somehow not like Moscow. This impression is created by a rough rusticated (that is, trimmed with stripes as if under a chocolate bar) wall and bulky window frames. This house has an Italian prototype: Palazzo Thiene, built in Vicenza in the middle of the 16th century by the famous Andrea Palladio. However, Zholtovsky rethought the proportions of the building. In Palazzo Thiene, the upper floor is higher than the lower. Zholtovsky, on the other hand, liked the ratio of floors in the Venetian Doge's Palace: a high lower floor and a shorter upper one. At the same time, the facade decor migrated to Spiridonovka practically unchanged.
23. The building was ordered by a wealthy merchant Gavriil Tarasov, a native of an Armenian family. On the facade of the house, you can still read the inscription in Latin "Gabriel Tarasov did". After the revolution, the building housed the Supreme Court, then the Polish Embassy, and since the 1960s, luxurious Italian rooms with columns, fireplaces and painted ceilings have been occupied by the Institute for African Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The Tarasov House is a federal cultural heritage site.
24. Houses №№ 34, 36, 38 - tenement houses of the beginning of the last century by famous architects. In front of the houses there is a square with pioneers. As it turned out, they appeared here not so long ago.
25. Perhaps this is one of the most respectable streets in Moscow and it is very pleasant to walk along it.
The first archival image of house No. 3/5 on Spiridonovka refers to 1764, however, carried out in the 1970s. Archaeological research has revealed that stone chambers were erected on this site at the end of the 17th century.
It is believed that workshops for the production of explosive artillery shells were located here, which were in the department of the Pushkar Order (since 1701 - the Artillery Order). There was also a warehouse for storing ammunition. Hence the name - Pomegranate yard. In addition, the memory of these workshops is preserved in the name of Granatny Lane, which adjoins Spiridonovka near the place where the chambers are located.
There is information that the courtyard was going to be moved away from the city, but for one reason or another, the plan was never fulfilled. In 1712, a big fire broke out in Moscow, and the Granatny Dvor was badly damaged. Powder warehouses exploded, the building practically turned into ruins. Nevertheless, some of the walls have survived, and they were used in the construction of a new building.
There is another version, according to which the chambers had not a production, but an administrative appointment. They were the order corps for the residence of officials of the military department on the territory of the "Granatny Dvor". The courtyard itself, most likely, was located down the lane.
One way or another, the building needed to be rebuilt and the newly erected structure on this site almost did not resemble those chambers that stood here before the fire. Only brick vaults in the lower floor, window openings and fragments of decor that remained in places, reminded of their existence. According to archival data, in the middle of the 18th century, the household belonged to Prince MS Dolgoruky, later merchants settled here, and then there was the house of the clergyman of the Great Ascension Church.
In the 1930s. the building underwent repeated alterations, the reason for which was, first of all, the arrangement of communal housing here.
In 1973, when, in the course of preliminary restoration work to restore the monument, which by that time was in a deplorable state, evidence was found that made it possible to determine the dating of the building, it was decided to return to the chambers the original appearance of the late 17th - early 20th century. Eighteenth centuries. Restoration work was carried out here in the 1970s and 1990s.
The restorers have recreated the layout of the building of that period, vaulted floors, and a high hip roof. On the side of the eastern facade, a stone porch with a hipped roof was restored, and along the western facade - a two-story gallery (gulbische), decorated with an arcade on the first floor.
The facades of the chambers are decorated with a rather sparse white-stone decor, which speaks in favor of the industrial purpose of the building: a three-part cornice surrounds the building, window and door openings are framed with wide profiled platbands, the vertical rhythm of the building is supported by flat blades.
The cultural layer of the chambers of the 16th - 17th centuries is a monument of archaeological heritage of federal significance and is protected by the state.
It's nice to walk along this street, especially on a weekend, when there are few cars, so we turn off Malaya Nikitskaya. Behind the A.M. Gorky and our walk along Spiridonovka begins. The street is named after the church of St. Spyridonius in the Goat bog. Once this was the name of this area, where wild goats were found, and Spiridonius was a shepherd in his youth. He is revered by the church as the patron saint of shepherds, goats and agriculture in general. Over time, houses were built around the stream in the swamp, then luxurious mansions. In modern times, the church was demolished, Spiridonovka was renamed into Aleksey Tolstoy Street, and embassies occupied the mansions. But still, despite the high-rise buildings built back in the Soviet era, here and now Old Moscow breathes.
In addition to the fact that on Spiridonovka there are two mansions built by Shekhtel, two literary museums, a monument to Alexander Blok, here you can see many interesting buildings in very good condition. On Sunday, on this street, you often meet people with maps, guidebooks, just looking at buildings and with cameras, in general, the walk turned out with positive emotions.
1. Beginning of Spiridonovka - house number 3/5, one of the oldest buildings in Moscow, the chambers of the Granatny Dvor. From this place, an arrow with Granatny Lane is visible, on the arrow there is a pink house in the shape of an iron, which forms the direction of Spiridonovka.
2. In the XIV century in the Granatny Dvor there were workshops where explosive artillery shells were made. In Soviet times, there were almost ruins here, and in the 1970s, the building was threatened with demolition. Fortunately, this time everything ended well, and in the 90s, the complex finally began to be restored. After restoration or reconstruction, according to experts, the building was adapted for the Association of Interior Designers.
3. View of the Pomegranate yard.
5. Corner house at number 2/9 was built in 1902 for merchants, brothers Mikhail and Nicholas of Armenia. This apartment building with a dormitory for poor Armenian students who studied in Moscow was built in two stages: in 1899, a three-story stone house in an eclectic style was built along Granatny Lane according to the project of the architect G.A. Kaiser, and in 1902 the architect V.A. Velichkin, the author of the Savoy Hotel in Moscow, a master of Moscow Art Nouveau, erected a massive four-story building, which adjoined the house in Granatnoye and continued along the perimeter of Spiridonovka. The facade was already decorated in the Art Nouveau style. The building acquired its present appearance in the late 1930s, when its four-story part was built on with one floor, and the three-story part with two.
Until 1917, a large family of its owners lived in the house. N.P. Armenian was a member of the Russian Photographic Society. His brother M.P. Armenian was one of the founders of the Ski Lovers Society. In one of the apartments there was a private school for children, headed by A.F. Armenian. From the moment of construction in the apartments of this house at all times the creative intelligentsia lived: architects, writers. In the apartments of this house, various parties were held and a bohemian life reigned. Today, the building still houses residential apartments, with the exception of the first floor, where, in addition to the Open Club contemporary art gallery, various organizations are located.
6. Residential building No. 9 of the merchant H. Pavlov (reconstruction 1994) is a two-storey brick house, built according to an individual project in the classical style.
7. Nice mansion is a cultural heritage site, built in 1895. Symmetrically located entrances are highlighted with light openwork visors.
8. House No. 10, built in 1905 by the architect P. V. Skosyrev by order of His Majesty the Emperor for the artists of the Bolshoi Theater. The mansion with a beautiful facade is located in a quiet, fenced-in public garden.
9. The house has preserved grand marble staircases, arched windows and stucco moldings, reminiscent of the historical, theatrical past of this house.
10. The house at 11 Spiridonovka is also an architectural monument. The city estate of A.F. Belyaev, built in 1902-1904 by the architect I. I. Boni, is an object of cultural heritage of federal significance. The house was built in the Rational Art Nouveau style for a well-known doctor, who saw Chaliapin and Sobinov. The unusual fence makes the house very attractive. And the building itself was built as an imitation of the Ryabushinsky mansion, which is located at the beginning of the street. (About Ryabushinsky's mansion in http://galik-123.livejournal.com/59813.html) Currently, house number 11 is the embassy of Peru, right next to the fence is the possession of Algeria.
11. Look at the beginning of Spiridonovka, on the right side houses 2/9, 9, 11 are visible.
12. House No. 13 - R.I. Geste was built in 1907 by the architect S.S. Shutsman, and again an object of cultural heritage. This mansion houses the Algerian embassy.
13. Address of the next property number 14. Own Renaissance apartment building by architect PS Boytsov (1903), built> with the participation of the architect A.V. Flodina. This house is now occupied by the Consulate General of Greece. The balcony of the third floor of the building is framed with a metal lattice of classical ornament. The general symmetry of the facade with elements of architectural decor is broken on the ground floor by an entrance vestibule, a protruding corner and a faceted bay window above it. The house is adorned with a massive sculptural group: a lion defeating a dragon, as a reminder of Viennese architecture.
14. House No. 16 - P.S. Boytsova.
15. And this mansion (house number 17) is the main decoration of Spiridonovka. Fyodor Shekhtel designed a castle-like mansion for Savva Morozov and his wife. At one time, the love of Savva and Zinaida Morozov made a lot of noise in merchant Moscow. The young 18-year-old wife of Sergei Vikulovich Morozov met his uncle Savva Morozov at the ball. For her sake, Savva stepped over the customs of the Old Believers and invited Zinaida to become his wife. Relatives and the entire merchant society perceived divorce and marriage as a great shame for the family. Despite everything, in 1888 Savva and Zinaida got married and lived together for 17 years.
16. Savva Timofeevich Morozov studied at Cambridge and was a famous Anglomaniac, so he chose the style of English neo-Gothic for his mansion. Built in 1898, the mansion was the first large-scale work of the architect Shekhtel. The money received from this order allowed him to build a mansion for himself in Ermolaevsky Lane. The construction was supervised by the architect I. Kuznetsov with assistants V. D. Adamovich, I. E. Bondarenko, the interiors were commissioned by the artist M. A. Vrubel.
17. The new mansion was built indented from the red line, connecting it with an underground passage with the utility wing, where all the auxiliary services were located. Everything was done according to the most modern European standards. The house on Spiridonovka became the best building in the neo-Gothic style in Moscow. Its strict geometric volumes create an asymmetrical composition with a corner tower-like part. The mansion was badly damaged by fire in 1995, but was quickly rebuilt. After all, this is a federal cultural heritage site. Currently, it is the reception house of the Russian Foreign Ministry.
18. House No. 20 corresponds to the respectable style of the street, but it seems that it is a remake.
16. At the corner of Spiridonovka and Spiridonievsky Lane there is a large gray residential building No. 24/1 of the Teplobeton trust in the style of constructivism. This unique house was built in 1932-1934 from a rare technological novelty - heat concrete. Currently - the Union of Designers of Russia.
17. The house is also distinguished by the presence of a bas-relief with allegorical figures and explanatory inscriptions: "Technology, art, science". There are two styles in the architecture of the house - constructivism and the Stalinist Empire style. It was on this place that the destroyed church stood.
21. View towards the Garden Ring - houses No. 28 and 30.
22. Tarasov House No. 30/1 was built according to the project of Ivan Vladislavovich Zholtovsky (1867-1959), a graduate of the Imperial Academy of Arts, who came to Moscow and has already completed several large orders in the old capital and the surrounding estates.
This house on the corner of Spiridonovka and Bolshoy Patriarshy Lane looks somehow not like Moscow. This impression is created by a rough rusticated (that is, trimmed with stripes as if under a chocolate bar) wall and bulky window frames. This house has an Italian prototype: Palazzo Thiene, built in Vicenza in the middle of the 16th century by the famous Andrea Palladio. However, Zholtovsky rethought the proportions of the building. In Palazzo Thiene, the upper floor is higher than the lower. Zholtovsky, on the other hand, liked the ratio of floors in the Venetian Doge's Palace: a high lower floor and a shorter upper one. At the same time, the facade decor migrated to Spiridonovka practically unchanged.
23. The building was ordered by a wealthy merchant Gavriil Tarasov, a native of an Armenian family. On the facade of the house, you can still read the inscription in Latin "Gabriel Tarasov did". After the revolution, the building housed the Supreme Court, then the Polish Embassy, and since the 1960s, luxurious Italian rooms with columns, fireplaces and painted ceilings have been occupied by the Institute for African Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The Tarasov House is a federal cultural heritage site.
24. Houses №№ 34, 36, 38 - tenement houses of the beginning of the last century by famous architects. In front of the houses there is a public garden with the attributes of the Soviet past. As it turned out, pioneers appeared in the post-Soviet era.
25. Perhaps this is one of the most respectable streets in Moscow and it is very pleasant to walk along it.
A new cultural and exhibition center "Granatny Dvor" has opened in Moscow on Spiridonovka Street in the old building of the White Chambers.
The pomegranate yard at the Nikitsky Gate was founded in the 16th century. It was used to make grenades - explosive artillery shells, consisting of a cannonball filled with gunpowder. Hence the name of Granatny Lane next door came from.
The grenade yard was the main storage for artillery ammunition until the fire in 1712, when the cellars exploded.
In the early 1970s. during the restoration work, one of the buildings of the Pomegranate Yard was discovered - these very stone chambers.
The renewed Pomegranate Dvor has the potential to become a large-scale art project, a venue for exhibitions.
Author of the project and curators of the exhibition
The organizers decided to open the photo exhibition "Paparazzi Dolce Vita", which presents the rarest original photographs of Hollywood stars from the legendary paparazzi Marcello Geppetti.
The worldwide fashion for unauthorized intrusion of photographers into the privacy of stars began with "Roman Hollywood".
Marcello Geppetti was at the origin of this trend and defined a new style of public relations with the object of its adoration.
The uniqueness of the photographs is that the specialists of that time did not have photographic equipment with the possibility of zooming in, they had to approach the stars themselves.
The exhibition will go on for another 2 months, then "tours" in Riga and St. Petersburg.
Entrance ticket 350 rubles.
The organizers of the project decided to treat visitors with Italian wine and light snacks in their cafe on Fridays and Saturdays.
Main on Italian food plates
They also promised to play Nino Rota's songs from famous films of the 60s-70s as a background music.
