Hipped roof with windows. The rafter system of the hipped roof: the main features of the frame

Roofs complex shape attract Special attention to the architecture of the building. Gable roofs are popular in construction country houses... Four slopes located in different planes give the dwelling a respectable look. Most often, ramps are performed different shapes: two of them are triangular and act as pediments, two are trapezoidal.

Design advantages

Installation of hipped roof or hip roof except aesthetic appearance has practical advantages:

• in the attic, surrounded by a roof on all sides, a comfortable temperature is maintained;
• the structure of the rafters is strong and durable;
• high resistance to wind and precipitation;
• the space under the roof can be used for the attic.

Types of hipped roofs

Having a common basis, the subspecies of such coatings differ somewhat in execution:

• – classic version with two triangular hips and two trapezoidal slopes.
• Half-hip - triangular slopes have a shortened shape, this design is performed for the equipment of the attic.
• Hip - has the shape of a pyramid with triangular slopes. Suitable for a square building.

Design

The angle of inclination for the slopes is selected based on the recommendations of the manufacturers of roofing material and natural features. For a soft roll roof, an angle of up to 18 degrees is sufficient, an angle of 15-60 degrees is suitable for slate, and an angle of 30 to 60 degrees should be laid underneath.

The amount of precipitation in winter is of great importance, if a significant amount of snow falls, then it is better to choose steep slopes, on which precipitation lingers less.

When designing a rafter system, it is necessary to take into account a lot: the cross-section of the timber, the length of the rafters, the size of the run, the step of installing the elements. All possible loads on the roof are clarified at the design stage, they include:

• weight selected roofing;
• annual precipitation;
• weight of insulation and waterproofing;
• a device on the roof of various equipment (antennas, lights, windows, etc.);

In addition to the inherent loads, the roof of the house must have a margin of safety that guarantees the stability of the structure in an unforeseen situation. For the construction of the rafter system, timber and boards are used. If there is a need to strengthen the elements, the boards are doubled.

Before starting work, all lumber is treated with an antiseptic.

Sequence of work

Roof installation begins with fixing the supporting base - Mauerlat. This is a bar with a section of 150 × 150 mm, which is laid along the perimeter of the walls. Its horizontal placement is controlled by the level. The beam should not be at the edge of the wall, you need to leave a distance of 5–7 cm. The Mauerlat is fastened to studs embedded in the masonry, which are tightened with nuts. This beam allows you to connect the rafter system and the walls of the house into a common structure.

For the installation of the racks, you will need a floor or floor beams. These elements are made of 100 × 200 mm beams or double planks. All supports are installed strictly vertically and are attached to the bed with a metal corner or plate. For hip roof racks are installed in one line, a ridge girder is attached to them. When erecting a hipped roof type, the supports are placed diagonally, equal distances are laid from the corner. As a result, they form a rectangle on which the purlins fit. Fastening is done with corners.

The side rafters are installed after pattern processing. A thin board is taken as a workpiece, applied to the girder and the gash is noted. The second end rests against the Mauerlat and the lower gash is outlined. Required amount The rafters are prepared according to the template and installed with the selected fastening step, it can be from 60 cm to 1 meter. With the girder and the base, the connection is made with staples or self-tapping screws.

Oblique rafters with a ridge run form the angle of inclination of the slopes. These rafters are placed diagonally and carry an additional load, so they use double boards. The rafters are washed down according to a template, their length takes into account the overhang of 50 cm. In the upper part, the rafters are connected with a crossbar to give strength. When installing a hipped roof, the rafters are connected in the ridge knot with the help of puffs. The rafters are installed at an angle of 90 degrees and are certainly connected to the walls with wire clamps.

Short rafters or rafters are attached to the diagonal rafters. They are of different lengths, but must be parallel to each other. Narodniks, together with ordinary rafters, form side slopes. For the tent model, the installation of the cribs and the fastening of racks, struts and trusses is also the final stage of construction.

To relieve the load from the diagonal rafters, trusses are installed under them. These are vertical supports that rest on the beds. The side rafters are secured with struts. One of the horses of the board rests on the bed, and the second is cut off at 45 degrees and attached to the rafter leg.

Lathing and insulation

Completing the construction of the roof will allow its insulation with basalt wool or foamed polystyrene. The material is laid between the rafters. Protection of the roof from moisture will be provided by a layer of waterproofing. The dimensions of the lathing depend on the type of roofing, soft tiles look attractive on the hip type, they need a continuous lathing.

Watching a video explaining the nuances of installing rafters will help to conduct the construction correctly.

Video

See how the rafter system is installed:

Do-it-yourself hipped roof: drawings and photos below.

How a hipped roof is mounted

Rafter system plan drawing

Installation of lathing, vapor barrier, waterproofing

Arrangement of different layers of a hipped roof requires careful attention to each stage of work.

Each layer to be laid has its own function, all layers together form a single system, which protects the structure.

Laying the lathing

Lathing - wooden structure, consisting of beams located across the rafter legs. The optimal cross-section of the lathing bars is 50x50 mm.

Before installing the board, the sheathing requires treatment with antiseptic agents.

The lathing is mounted either in a continuous layer or in a step of 100-150 mm (depending on the outer coating).

The lathing should be fastened with nails.

Installation of the lathing

Installation of vapor barrier

A vapor barrier film is installed in order to to prevent moisture from entering thermal insulation layer ... The vapor barrier film is attached to the sheathing boards with an overlapping stapler. Places of overlap are sealed with tape.

In this case, it is necessary to ensure that the film fits snugly against the boards. In places where pipes or windows are installed, rubber or polyurethane adhesive tapes can be used.

CAREFULLY!

The vapor barrier material should not bend around the sheathing boards in order to prevent the formation of places for the accumulation of water.

Water vapor has a high penetrating power, therefore installation of vapor barrier is a very important stage of work.

Installation of vapor barrier

Installation of waterproofing

After installing the insulation, waterproofing is laid. Waterproofing does not let the moisture accumulated in the under-roof space inside the roofing cake. Like the thermal insulation film, the waterproofing is overlapped and the joints are glued.

It is especially important to correctly lay the film in the ridge part.... The ridge area is most susceptible to the accumulation of condensate vapors.

The importance of each stage in the installation of the roof of the hip roof should not be underestimated, and even more so to refuse to install any element.

Installation of waterproofing

Hip roofs are considered the most durable and durable... They were installed over a hundred years ago, and such structures have proven to be reliable and durable.

Despite the complexity of the design, you can install it yourself, the main thing is to complete each stage of work step by step in a clear sequence and choose a quality one, reliable material, because the roof should protect the house for more than a dozen years.

Useful video

In this video, you will learn how to build a hip roof with your own hands:

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Reading time ≈ 4 minutes

The hip (hipped) roof gives the house a sophisticated look. The special design of the roof allows you to additionally protect the structure itself, its walls from moisture. Therefore, the construction of a roof with four slopes is optimal for regions with increased rainfall and strong winds.

Stages of building a hipped roof

The first stage in the construction of a roof is to determine the purpose of the roof (covers the attic floor, attic, etc.), the choice of roof material (depending on this, a list of materials for construction will be determined), taking into account the atmospheric conditions of the place where the roof will be used (wind, rain , snow).

Choosing a hip roof will give the structure more resistance to rain and make it more durable (the rafter system is more reliable). The main difference between this type of roof and a gable roof is that it has two triangular roof slopes instead of side gables.

When choosing the angle of inclination of the slopes, one should take into account the level of precipitation and the wind characteristics of the terrain. With small and medium average annual precipitation, it is recommended to choose an angle in the range of 4-40 degrees. With heavy snowfalls and lingering rains, the recommended optimal slope angle of the slopes is within 40-60 degrees.

The material for the roof can be: roll roof, shingles or metal shingles.

Depending on all of the above nuances, the thickness and other parameters of the wooden component of the hipped roof will be selected.

The end result of the first stage is the creation of the circuit future roof, on the basis of which the construction will be made.

We will describe the further technology of how to make a hipped roof with our own hands.

The second stage is to build the base for the roof. The base is used to evenly distribute the load from the roof to load-bearing walls... The construction of a hipped roof assumes a base that you can build on your own - a wooden Mauerlat and beds. Waterproofing is required under the base to extend the life of the roof. A Mauerlat is placed on the hydro-barrier along the outer contour of the building (the size of this bar varies, either 100x150 mm, or 50x150 mm.).

Legs - a bar located in the plane of the base of the rafter system at the same distance from the two side Mauerlats. It serves as a supporting element for struts and struts, therefore it is laid on load-bearing partitions (see drawings of a hipped roof). Large roof structures can provide several beds.

The third stage is the direct installation of the roof frame (base, rafters, lathing).

The construction of a roof in a house with or without existing ceilings is structurally different (in this case, there is no need to lay the floor beams on which the supports will be installed).

The installation of the racks (vertical supports of the roof frame) should be approached with special care. The installation angle (90 degrees) must be precisely maintained. At the slightest deviation, further deformation of the roof is possible. The step of mounting the racks is up to two meters.

The device of the hipped roof of the house consists of four planes (slopes). Two trapezoidal and two triangular. Trapezoidal slopes will be formed by side rafters, hip (triangular slopes) - by slant (diagonal) rafters.

The support of the rafters at the top of the frame is carried out into the ridge beam (girder). This bar goes over vertical posts(groove connection with racks is possible). The distance between the rafters is from 50 to 150 cm (according to the roof plan). The recommended width of the rafter board is 150 mm.

The frame is fastened using corners and steel plates with self-tapping screws (nails). To strengthen the resulting structure, use diagonal supports, struts, wind beams. They increase the load capacity of the system.

Waterproofing is laid on top of the rafters. Then a counter-lattice is made (bars that are attached to the rafters over the waterproofing). It is needed to create ventilation duct between roofing material, lathing and waterproofing. This will allow moisture to be removed quickly and efficiently. Next, the lathing is performed - the horizontal boards are attached from the bottom to the very top to the counter-lattice (see the diagram of the hipped roof device).

The last step is the installation of the roofing material. Installation is carried out depending on the parameters of the material. An example.

The roof is no less important element at home than foundation and walls. Its design sets the mood for the entire architectural ensemble, makes the building neat and attractive. The four-pitched roof has gained wide popularity not only because of high reliability and external attractiveness, but also due to the emerging opportunity to equip additional structures - mansard and dormer windows, bay windows, etc. Despite the fact that the installation of such a roof is a little more expensive and more complicated than a gable structure, it is still not difficult to build it with your own hands.

Advantages of gable roofs over gable structures

One of the main tasks that appears even at the stage of designing your own house is the choice of the type of roof. The presence of many options among gable and gable structures requires an answer to the question of which roof to give preference to. And although the aesthetics of the structure plays an important role, the criteria of reliability and practicality still come to the fore.

The gable roof is a classic structure, which is formed by two opposite slopes and a pair of vertical end parts, called gables. The spacious under-roof space allows you to equip the attic, living quarters or use the attic for domestic purposes.

Classic gable roof easy to recognize by a pair of rectangular slopes that adjoin each other along the central axis of the building, and two triangular pediments at its ends

Structures of this type, due to their simplicity and practicality, have remained the most popular in individual construction for a long time. At the same time, the dependence of the geometry of the roof on the size of the structure, as well as the complication and rise in the cost of the structure when arranging the attic, forced to search for other, more practical and functional options... And they were found in the form of a variety of hipped roofs, which basically have a pair of triangular and two trapezoidal slopes. The latter are often called hips, and the roof itself is called hip. When erecting a structure of this type, there is no need for pediments and it becomes possible to make the building more modern and original.

The slopes of the simplest hip roof define surfaces in the form of two trapezoids and a pair of triangles

There are several advantages of hip roofs over traditional gable structures:

• possibility of arrangement attic windows right on the slopes;
• increased strength, reliability and stability of the rafter system;
• increased resistance to weather factors;
• the possibility of increasing the area of ​​the attic by simply reducing the width of the hip base;
• more even distribution roof weight;
• improved temperature regime when arranging an attic room.

Don't be fooled by the many advantages of a more stylish hipped roof - it also has disadvantages. These include more complex construction, a slight reduction in the size of the attic and wasteful use of roofing material. As for costs, the budget that will be required for the construction of both roofs does not differ significantly.

The four-pitched roof is not a know-how in architecture - its design has been known since ancient times.

Hip roof classification

Differences in the shape of buildings, as well as the requirements for functionality and practicality of traditional hip roofing, have contributed to many variations. If you do not consider the most exotic of them, then there are several main types of hipped roofs.

1. Traditional hip roof, the side slopes of which reach the level of the cornice. For the construction of its main surfaces, straight rafters are used, and the ribs of the hips form bars extending from the ends of the ridge. The well-developed design and distribution of the weight of the roof over an increased area allows not only placing the overhangs on one line, but also increasing their overhang. Thanks to this, the facade of the building is reliably protected from rain, even with strong gusts of wind.

   
   Glazing elements are often built into the slopes of a classic hip roof

2. The hipped roof can be installed on a house that is square in plan. A feature of this design is the slopes of the same configuration. Their edges converge at one point, and their hips are in the form of isosceles triangles.

   
   Hipped roofs widely used in modern individual construction

3. Half-hip roofs got their name from the shortened hips. In contrast to the traditional roof, their length decreases 1.5–3 times in comparison with the dimensions of the main slopes.

   
   Side slopes of half-hip roofs have a shortened length, so they don't reach the cornice line

4. The Danish half-hip roof has a small gable under the ridge and a short hip on the eaves side. This design allows the installation of ventilation and lighting elements directly into the vertical end of the roof, thereby eliminating the need to install roof windows.

   
   The Danish project is good because it allows you to easily equip attic spaces

5. Half-hip dutch roof has a vertical pediment that divides the hip into two short slopes. The rafter system "Dutch", although it has increased complexity, but it allows you to make the attic more spacious and practical. In addition, this design is excellent for the installation of vertical glazing in the attic.

   
   The roof, built according to the Dutch project, is still rare in our area.

6. The sloping hipped roof has several slopes different sizes on one slope. Thanks to their different slopes, it is possible to increase the volume of the roof space. Though broken structure and cannot be called simple, houses with such a roof are very common. The reason for the popularity is the ability to equip additional living rooms on the upper tier. For this reason, a roof with broken slopes is often called an attic.

   
   Sloping roof makes the architecture of the building somewhat heavier, but it allows you to equip several living quarters in the attic space

There are also more complex structures of many hips, as well as those in which a hipped roof is combined with other types of roofing systems. The design and installation of such a roof requires many years of experience and knowledge, therefore, it is better to entrust the construction of a tricky roof to specialists.

Design of hipped roofs

When developing a hip roof, all types of loads that will act on it are taken into account. To do this, first of all, several important issues:

• the purpose of the attic space;
• roofing material;
• the degree of atmospheric impact in the construction region.

Based on these factors, the degree of slope of the slopes and the area of ​​the roof are determined, the loads are calculated and a decision is made on the design and parameters of the rafter system.

Geometric parameters of the slopes

The angle of inclination of the slopes depends on the snow and wind load, therefore it varies over a very wide range - from 5 to 60 degrees. In areas with rainy weather and high snow cover, roofs are erected with a slope of 45 to 60 degrees. If the region is characterized by strong winds and minimal rainfall, then the slope can be reduced to the very minimum.

When determining the angular parameters of the roof, it is imperative to take into account what material it will be covered with:

• slate sheets, ondulin, roofing metal and roll materials laid on slopes with a slope of 14 to 60 degrees;
• the tiles are mounted on a surface with a slope of 30 to 60 degrees;
• roll coating used on sloping slopes - from 5 to 18 degrees.

Having decided on the angle of inclination of the roof, it is not at all difficult to calculate at what height the ridge will be. To do this, use simple trigonometric formulas for right triangle.

Roof area

Even the most complex hip roof consists of individual slopes that repeat the contours of the simplest geometric shapes, so most often for calculations it is enough to know the linear dimensions of the base and the angles of inclination of the hips.

To determine the square of the roof, it is necessary to add up the areas of the slopes of which it consists

The total roof area is calculated by summing the quadrature of the individual hips. Slopes of complex configuration are divided into several simple surfaces, after which separate calculations are carried out for each of them.

The principles of calculating the geometric parameters of hipped roofs are based on calculations for simple surfaces

Calculation of loads

Loads acting on a hipped roof are divided into two types:

• permanent,
• periodic.

The first includes the weight of roofing materials, rafters, battens and other frame parts. The second is the effort that precipitation and wind force exert. In addition, the calculation should take into account the payload in the form of various engineering systems and communications attached to the elements of the rafter system.

Focusing on SNiP, when designing a roof, it is necessary to take a snow load of 180 kg / sq. m. If there is a danger of snow accumulation on the roof, this parameter rises to 400-450 kg / sq. m. If the roof has a slope angle of more than 60 degrees, then the snow load can be ignored - on surfaces with such steep slopes, precipitation does not linger.

The force of wind loads is much less - up to 35 kg / sq. m. If the slope of the roof is from 5 to 30 degrees, then the effect of the wind can be neglected.

The above parameters of atmospheric effects are averaged values ​​adopted for middle lane... When performing calculations, correction factors should be used depending on the region of construction.

Calculation of the rafter system

When calculating the rafter system, the pitch of the rafters and the maximum load that they can carry are determined. Based on these data, a decision is made on the installation of braces, which contribute to the redistribution of the load, and puffs, which protect the frame from loosening.

The main load of the hip roof falls on the diagonal rafters

The presence of hips on hipped roofs, in addition to the usual rafters, also requires the installation of diagonal (in another way, slant-type) - those that are attached to the ridge and directed to the corners of the building. Their length is greater than the transverse nodal elements of the roof. In addition, shortened elements are attached to the diagonal ribs. Compared to conventional rafters, slant legs are subjected to a load increased by 1.5–2 times, therefore their cross-section is doubled, and to ensure multi-span they are supported by one or two racks.

Often, hip roofs have a complicated rafter system, which, in contrast to a simple four-slope structure, exerts an additional load in the places where vertical supports are installed. This feature must be taken into account when calculating the strength of the wooden roof frame.

The distance of laying the rafters is called a step and is determined based on the length of the rafter leg and the section of the lumber used. It is most convenient to determine this parameter using special tables, one of which is given below.

Table: dependence of the section and pitch of the rafters on their length

Manual calculations are quite time consuming. To reduce design time, you can use one of the online hip roof calculators. With its help, you can determine not only the geometric parameters, but also the mass of others, no less important factors:

• the amount of moisture and thermal insulation, taking into account overlaps;
• the amount of roofing material, including waste generated during cutting;
• the amount of lumber required to equip the rafter system;
• length of overhangs, etc.

Video: using a construction calculator to calculate the roof

What materials will be needed to assemble the rafter system

For the construction of a hip roof, a bar and a board made of larch, pine and other coniferous wood are best suited. When choosing a material for construction, it is necessary to carefully reject defective boards. Fungus damage, knots and cracks reduce the strength of the boards and affect the durability of the roof. When the moisture content of the wood is more than 22%, lumber is stacked in the open air and dried. It should be understood that unfinished boards can warp, and this, in turn, will lead to a violation of the geometry of the roof with possible damage topcoat.

To assemble a wooden frame, a rectangular bar with a cross section from 80x80 mm to 150x150 mm is used - the exact parameters are determined by calculation or using the table above. Alternatively, you can use a board with a section of 50x100 mm or 50x200 mm. If there is a need to strengthen the rafter leg, then use paired boards.

For reliable fastening, as well as increasing the rigidity of the wooden frame, use steel brackets and others metal elements... Often, not wooden, but steel supports are installed under especially loaded ridge girders. Combined frames have increased strength and reliability.

Features of the rafter system

In order to properly design and install a hipped roof, it is necessary to understand in detail its structure, as well as the features of the arrangement of hip roofs of the most common types.

The device of the rafter system in detail

The hip roof frame consists of most of the same parts as the gable, but a more complex rafter system requires installation additional elements... Upon closer examination, you can find the following components:

All of these elements can be found in any type of hipped roof. The only exception is the hipped roof, which does not have side rafters and ridge beams.

In wooden and frame houses the rafter system is mounted without a Mauerlat. In the first case, its functions are taken over by the extreme crowns, and in the second - by the upper strapping.

Varieties of rafter systems for hip roofs

Since the basis of the rafter system of the hip roof is made up of nipple rafters, the following rules must be adhered to when installing the roof frame:

1. In structures where the slant legs experience an increased load, a beam of double thickness is used for their manufacture.
2. Splice separate parts diagonal rafters are performed in places with a maximum load (most often in their upper part) and are strengthened with struts and vertical racks installed at an angle of 90 ° to the rafter legs.
3. In the manufacture of overhead rafters, a margin should be provided for on-site trimming, therefore, the calculated length of the timber is increased by 5-10%.
4. Responsible joints of the rafter legs must be reinforced with metal fasteners - brackets, twists or perforated construction strips.

When choosing a rafter system, it is imperative to take into account the size of the building and the presence of internal supports or capital walls. Based on the specific conditions, choose a scheme with hanging or layered rafters.

Hanging rafter system

Roof structure with hanging rafters has no supports along midline, therefore, the bulk of the weight falls on the outer perimeter walls. This feature manifests itself in the redistribution of internal forces - the rafter system is subjected to compressive and bending loads. As for the walls, significant bursting forces are transferred to them. To eliminate this factor, each pair of rafters is interconnected by so-called puffs - jumpers made of wooden beams or rolled metal.

The tightening can be located both at the base of the rafter legs, and above. In the first case, the lintel will also play the role of a transverse beam, which is a good option during construction mansard roof... If the tightening is installed in the midline area or higher, then it will only serve as a fixing link. It should be noted that the cost of the rafter system depends on such a seemingly insignificant moment as the installation height of the puffs. The higher the transverse jumpers are located, the larger the cross-section of all the components of the wooden frame should be.

Hip roofs with layered and hanging rafters have differences between the supporting elements of the structure

Construction with layered rafters

A hip roof with layered rafters is only suitable for those houses whose interior space is divided into two equal parts by a solid wall or installed to support the ceiling support pillars... In this case, the lower edge of the rafter legs rests on the Mauerlat, and the middle part on the supporting wall. The presence of additional support points allows you to unload the elements of the rafter system, removing from them, as well as from the walls of the building, alternating horizontal forces. Like roof beams, rafters only begin to work in bending. The frame with layered rafters becomes more rigid and durable compared to the structure that uses unsupported rafters. And this despite the fact that in the first case, you can use a bar of a smaller section. And this helps to reduce the weight of a wooden structure and reduces the cost of purchasing lumber.

Installation of a hipped roof

The assembly of the rafter system must be performed in a strictly defined order. This is necessary in order to correctly install and secure all structural elements roofs.

1. To redistribute the load exerted on the walls by the roof structure, wind and precipitation, on external walls lay the Mauerlat. In individual construction, for these purposes, a bar with a cross section of at least 100x150 mm is used. Anchor pins are used to fasten the longitudinal beams of the structure. They must be laid in the upper rows of masonry even at the stage of wall construction. Mauerlat waterproofing is performed using two layers of roofing material, which is laid on top of the load-bearing walls.

   
   Mauerlat is attached to the load-bearing wall with bolts or anchors

2. If it is necessary to install vertical supports, planks are laid on the supporting walls. For horizontal alignment of the elements of the rafter system, wooden linings are used. In the future, this will greatly simplify the installation of racks and purlins. If the capital partitions are not provided for by the building plan, then the vertical supports are mounted on the floor beams. To do this, they are reinforced by splicing two boards of 50x200 mm or using one beam of 100x200 mm.

   
   Support of vertical posts on beams is allowed only if the structure rests on a main wall

3. Expose the support posts. To align them, use a plumb line or a laser level, after which temporary supports are installed. Metal corners and plates are used to attach the vertical support to a bed or a horizontal beam.
4. Girders are laid on top of the racks. Traditional hip roofing requires the installation of one run, which, in fact, forms the ridge. Hip structures need the installation of four purlins. As with the installation of racks, fastening is performed using metal corners and self-tapping screws.

   
   The ridge girder can be attached either directly to the rafter leg or by means of wooden pads

5. Preparing the rafters. The side rafter legs of simple gable roofs are mounted in the same way as the layered legs on a gable roof. First you need to make a template. To do this, from the side of the extreme support, a board is applied to the ridge of the same width as the rafters. Its thickness should not exceed 25 mm - the template should be light. On this board, they mark the drink necessary for reliable support and the exact fit of the rafter leg to the ridge bar, as well as a cutout corresponding to the place of joining with the Mauerlat. The marked places are cut out and then used to quickly prepare the rafter legs.

   
   Making a template can reduce the time it takes to prepare the rafters for installation

6. When applying the manufactured sample to the purlin, it is necessary to check whether an exact fit of the rafter is necessary. If there are gaps, the cuts in the rafters are performed taking into account the amendments. After all the supporting legs are ready, they are set in 50–150 cm increments and attached to the Mauerlat and the ridge. Brackets are best suited for installation, but you can also take powerful metal corners.
7. As already mentioned, diagonal rafters are made from spliced ​​boards or a bar of an increased section. For their installation, you will also need a template, which is prepared in full accordance with the method described above. Since the rafters with one side adjoin the corner of the Mauerlat, and the other rest on the racks, the cut is performed at an angle of 45 ° to the plane.

   
   The layout of the rafters and rafters on the hip roof is performed according to the template

8. In the intervals between the rafters, the beads are attached. Their step corresponds to the distance between the rafters, and the diagonal legs and the Mauerlat are the support points. The load experienced by the rafters cannot be compared with the weight that falls on the rafters, so the first ones can be built from boards with a thickness of 30-50 mm. To speed up the installation, you will need a template with cuts on the side of the diagonal rafters and Mauerlat, but the cutouts on the half of the rafters must be made in mirror image.

   
   The use of metal fasteners makes the rafter system more rigid and stable

9. If necessary, filly are fastened to the rafters and the beggars. The ends rafter elements cut along the cord.

   
   Attaching the rafters to the Mauerlat can be done in several ways

10. Strengthen the side rafters and side rafters. In the first case, vertical sprengels are used, and in the second, struts installed at an angle of 45 °. They are supported on benches or beams.
11. After the rafter system is assembled, a roofing pie is installed on top of it.

    
    The rafter system is prepared for the installation of roofing materials

Lathing and insulation

Before proceeding with the installation of the lathing, a vapor barrier is laid on top of the rafters, and, if necessary, rolled thermal insulation. On top, the layer of insulation is covered with a waterproofing film, which is mounted with an overlap of 10–20 mm wide and attached to the timber with a construction stapler. After that, counter-lattice slats are nailed to the rafters. If the roofing cake is mounted without insulation, then vapor barrier is not required - a layer of moisture-resistant material will be enough. Of course, additional slats are not needed in this case, since the boards supporting the roof will be attached directly to the rafters and rafter legs.

Depending on the type of roofing material, one of two types of lathing is used on hip roofs:

• solid;
• sparse.

The first is most often equipped with a soft roof and only in some cases - for arranging an attic space. Sheathing of this type is made of boards with a width of 100 to 200 mm and a thickness of at least 20-25 mm. Installation is carried out without gaps. In addition, the use of plywood sheets and OSB boards... Their advantage is an extremely flat surface that allows you to lay roofing material with minimal cost time and effort.

Equip under a soft roof solid crate made of OSB, plywood or boards filled with no gap

For a sparse lathing, the same boards are used as in the first case, but they are mounted with a gap. Since this type of base is used for laying slate, corrugated board, metal tiles and roofing iron, the distance between the individual boards must take into account the characteristics of the roofing material.

The lathing is fastened with nails, the length of which is equal to three times the thickness of the boards. If self-tapping screws are used for fixing, then a shorter threaded fastener with a length corresponding to double the thickness of the lumber can be used.

For fastening slate, ondulin and others sheet materials use a sparse crate

Wooden base the roofing cake is mounted from bottom to top, while the first board of each slope is set parallel to the Mauerlat. First, the crate is stuffed on the hips, after which the protruding edges are cut off with a hacksaw flush with the diagonal ribs. Next, they proceed to fastening the lumber on the main slopes, releasing the edges of the boards for the nesting rafters. After that, the ends of the boards are sawn down in the same way as in the first case.

Video: we build a hip roof with our own hands

Typical hip roof project

When building a simple hip roof, you can use a typical project that was developed by specialists. Project documentation includes:

• technological map;
• roof plan;
• rafter system diagrams;
• drawings of sections and corner joints;
• statement and specification with complete list materials used.

As an example, below is the documentation for typical project hip roof for a house with an area of ​​155 sq. m.

Gallery: drawings and diagrams of a hipped roof

The drawing indicates exact dimensions of all roof elements At the base of the truss there are triangles. The rafters of the trapezoidal slopes rest on the long load-bearing walls of the structure. hardware Fasteners allow you to transfer the load from one element of the system to another

Despite the seeming complexity of a gable roof, it is not much more difficult to build it with your own hands than a gable structure. It is only important to carefully understand the purpose. individual elements and the principles of building a rafter system. For the rest, the reliability and durability of the roof will still depend on the observance of the technology and the accuracy of the installation. As for the additional complications and costs, they will pay off with complete satisfaction from the work, which will make the building brighter and more attractive.

In the course of building your own home, you have to solve thousands of issues, giving preference to one or another constructive solutions and materials. Even if the work is performed by a professional firm, the responsibility for this choice lies with the customer. And when the house is being built independently, then not only the approval of the project, but also its implementation falls on the shoulders of the homeowner.

V old days knowledge of how to build a house was passed on by word of mouth from the old generation to the new. Moreover, every adult man put them into practice, creating a home for his family. Now, a person without building skills does not know how to build with his own hands. However, this information can be obtained on the Internet, ranging from finished projects and ending with video instructions.

Appearance and benefits

A hip roof, also called a hip roof, consists of 4 inclined planes, ramps and a rectangular base. Two of them have a trapezoidal shape, they are located on the sides, and the end slopes resemble triangles and are located where at gable roof there would be gables. On the slopes, place auditory or roof windows, cuckoos, bay windows, which makes the appearance of such a roof even more interesting.

Those who are going to build a hipped roof with their own hands explain this choice by its advantages:

Project creation

Before starting construction, it is necessary to create its project and drawings in order to avoid mistakes in the process of installation work. After the length and width of the house have been determined, the following calculations are made:

The composition of the rafter system

To understand how to make a hipped roof, you need to find out the composition of its rafter system. This is the collection of all supporting elements that form the frame on which the roofing material lies. It includes:

Frame installation

A four-pitched roof is erected quite simply, subject to availability the necessary tool and a couple of physically strong helpers. The work is performed in the following order:

Having studied the question of how to make a four-pitched roof of a house with your own hands, you can save a lot on wages for a hired team and be confident in the quality of the work performed. Although the design is considered complex, its assembly is quite within the power of a person with initial building skills, theoretical knowledge and the desire to build a house on his own!

Video instruction