Technological map for the installation and dismantling of the formwork. Technological map Technological map for the installation and dismantling of wall and floor formwork

The installation of the formwork is carried out using a KB 403 tower crane with a boom length of 30 m, installed according to the construction plan. The installation of the formwork should be carried out according to the grips. Each floor is divided into two sections in the plan.

Columns, walls and ceilings should be concreted in the "Peri" formwork. The formwork kit consists of:

STEN - made of metal panels lined with water-resistant plywood 21 mm thick, withstanding the pressure of freshly laid concrete of 60 kN / m 2; straightening locks BFD, providing in one operation the connectivity, evenness and density of the formwork panels; strands DV - 15 with a nut - gasket with a permissible load on the strand of 90 kN; leveling tie rod PCC with a support, ensuring the stability of the formwork structures and designed for a load of 30 kN; consoles of the mounted scaffolding TRZh 120, providing safety with a load on the scaffold of 150 kg / m 2.

COLUMN - metal panels TRS, lined with waterproof plywood 21 mm thick, withstanding the permissible fresh concrete pressure of 100 kN / m 2, column tension bolts with a permissible bolt load of 90 kN.

OVERLAP - from lattice girders GT 24 of various lengths with a bearing capacity - transverse force in struts - 14 kN, bending moment - 7 kNm, PER 30 supports with a bearing capacity of 30 kN; panels made of waterproof plywood 21 mm thick.

The formwork is delivered to the construction site in special containers by road and stored under a canopy.

See below for the formwork installation scheme, it shows the arrangement of work tables and installation and docking of PERI carts.

Before starting the installation of the formwork on the grip, it is necessary to perform:

Concrete reinforced concrete slab with reinforcement outlets for columns, walls, elevator shaft;

Apply centerline risks to reinforced concrete slabs;

Apply the concrete-release liquid "Pera-Wedge" to the formwork panels using a spray gun;

installation of design fittings;

delivery of tools, devices and equipment to the workplace.

Formwork installation scheme.

The sequence of formwork installation at the grip:

WALLS and COLUMNS:

Install the block of outer formwork panels on the spacers;

Install fittings;

Install the block of internal shields on straps and locks with scaffolding and flooring consoles hanging.

The transfer of the main axes of the building to the slab is carried out from the benchmarks. All other building axes are set out from the main axes of the measurement paths. Control over the erection of a monolithic house vertically is carried out floor by floor by theodolites using the oblique design method.

When performing geodetic works, it is necessary to be guided by SNiP 3.01.03 - 84 "Geodetic works in construction".

To reduce the adhesion of the deck to the concrete surface, thoroughly clean it and spray it with Peri-Klin concrete release fluid. Clean immediately after removing the formwork by spraying with water, then with a rubber-tipped scraper and a hair brush and spraying with concrete release agent. Apply the concrete release fluid with a hand-held spray gun. Apply at the storage site (in winter - in a warm room). Provide measures to prevent the lubricating film from being washed off by rain.

Slinging of the formwork is carried out using a special TRIO hook included in the formwork kit and a transport sling with four ropes. To lift the panels, use two TRIO crane hooks (load-bearing capacity of one hook - 1.5 t).

See below for the slinging scheme of formwork elements.

The lifting of small and piece elements should be carried out in containers.

Slinging scheme of formwork elements.

The sequence of operations during the installation of wall formwork:

The position of the diaphragm is marked on the spot, using perforators, holes Ø = 25 mm with a depth of 90 mm are drilled in reinforced concrete slabs for the installation of NKD-S M 20 anchors.

On the stand, in a horizontal position, a package of shields (3 pcs.) Is assembled, connected by BFP locks with RSS1 struts attached to them.

With the help of crane hooks of the "Peri" system (2 pcs. Per transport unit), the package of shields is lifted to a vertical position and transported by a crane to the installation site.

The package of shields is installed according to the risks in the design position on the outer section of the diaphragm and is fastened with RSS1 spacers with NKD-S M20 anchors to the reinforced concrete slab. Individual panels or panels are docked to the installed formwork, depending on the length of the diaphragm, and fastened together with BFD locks in the amount specified in the project.

The entire structure is brought to a vertical position with the help of RSS1 struts, and then reinforcement work is started.

After the completion of the reinforcement work, the inner row of formwork panels is mounted, connected to the previously installed panels using DW-15 straps and washer nuts, with the installation of PVC-U pipes Ø = 25 mm in length to the thickness of the diaphragm.

Then the end shields Shch-1 are installed, connected to the formwork shields with BFD locks and TAR-85 leveling locks, scaffolding consoles TRG - 120 and wooden flooring 35 - 40 mm thick are hung.

The entire structure is finally brought to a strictly vertical position and is handed over for concrete work.

COLUMNS:

Reinforcement work is in progress.

On a horizontal stand, a formwork block is assembled from two panels connected by column bolts.

By means of a crane equipped with TRIO double-hook slings, the unit is lifted to a vertical position and placed on a horizontal platform and temporarily fixed to the base using a spacer RSS1.

The third shield is being mounted.

The block of three panels is transported to the installation site using a tower crane with two TRIO hooks and is mounted in the design position, with the RSS1 spacer fastening to the floor slab.

The fourth panel is mounted and secured by the RSS1 spacer.

The scaffolding consoles are hung, and the scaffolding panel boarding is performed.

The formwork is brought into a strictly vertical position using the RSS1 spacers. The formwork is ready for concreting the elevator shaft.

The internal elevator shafts are marked on the foundation slab.

On the stand, in a horizontal position, four packages of panels are assembled to the length of the inner wall of the elevator shaft with fastening to each other with BFD locks according to the project.

With the help of crane hooks of the TRIO system (2 pcs. Per transport unit), the package is lifted to a vertical position and transported to the installation site by a tower crane. The package is installed in the design position with temporary fastening of the RSST brace to the reinforced concrete slab. Then the rest of the panels are installed and connected with BFD locks according to the project.

Reinforcement works are in progress.

After the completion of the reinforcement work, the external formwork panels of the elevator shaft are installed, connected to the previously installed formwork with DW 15 ties with washer nuts and PVC-U pipes Ø 25 mm long by the thickness of the elevator wall, leveling locks TAR - 85 and between themselves with BFD locks according to the project.

The braces RSS1 are installed, the scaffolds TRG-120 are suspended and the boardwalk is made according to the project.

With the help of the RSS1 struts, the structure is brought into a vertical position and handed over for concrete work.

Concrete work is in progress.

Sequence of installation of the elevator shaft formwork from elevation +0.000

Supporting elements (stand-stop) are installed in the upper holes, freed from the straps, to support the next tier of the formwork according to the project.

The device of the flooring in the elevator shaft and in the staircase for the production of installation and reinforcement works is being carried out.

The internal formwork of the elevator shaft (assembled) is mounted using a tower crane on the installed supporting elements (stop-posts) in the elevator shaft.

Reinforcement work is being carried out on the tier of the installed formwork in the elevator shaft.

External formwork panels are mounted with the installation of DW1 ties, PVC-U pipes Ø 25 mm with BFD locks, RSS1 spacers with NKD-S M20 anchors, TRG-120 scaffolding consoles are hung and a boardwalk is made on them according to the project.

The entire structure is brought into a strictly vertical position and is handed over for concrete work.

Concrete work is in progress.

Overlap

Installation and disassembly of the multiflex floor formwork is carried out according to the technological map.

DISMANTLING OF THE FORMWORK.

Dismantling the formwork of columns, walls and an elevator shaft should be started when the concrete reaches a strength of 1.5 MPa, the overlap is 15 MPa.

The sequence of dismantling the formwork.

COLUMN

A block of two internal shields is dismantled

The next block of two shields is dismantled

STEN

The inner row of shields is dismantled

End and corner shields

Outdoor block of shields.

ELEVATOR SHAFT

The inner formwork block is dismantled

The outer formwork is dismantled.

Overlap

The intermediate racks are dismantled

The main stands are lowered by 4 cm

The cross beams are dismantled

Formwork panels are being dismantled

Formwork panels are being dismantled

The main beams are dismantled

The racks are dismantled.

The sequence of operations when dismantling the formwork.

COLUMN

Remove the panel board

Remove scaffolding consoles

Loosen the column bolts on the two-shield block

Sling a block of two panels using TRIO hooks, disconnect the leveling rods from the mount

With the help of a tower crane, lower it to the storage area to prepare for the next concreting.

Sling the next block of two panels, disconnect the leveling rods and lower it with a tower crane to the storage area.

WALLS

Remove the panel board

Remove scaffolding consoles

Rope the inner panel block of three panels with two TRIO hooks

Remove the BFD locks from the block of panels connecting to the next block of panels, disconnect the rods and locks, leveling the rods

Using a crane, release the block of three panels and lower it onto the storage area.

Repeat all operations with the following shield blocks

Sling end shield

Free it from strains and constipation and lower it to the storage area using a tower crane

Sling an outdoor block of three panels

Remove the leveling rods, BFD locks fastening to the next block of shields and using a crane lower to the storage area

Repeat these operations with the following blocks of external panels.

ELEVATOR SHAFT

Remove the tightening rods, constipation.

Rope the inner formwork block with four sling hooks and use a crane to remove the entire block from the elevator shaft and place it on the storage area for subsequent preparation.

Sling the end block with the uncoupling element and use a crane to remove it from the shaft and lower it to the storage area

Remove the panel board and scaffold brackets from the next outer wall of the lift

Rope this block with two TRIO hooks

Remove the leveling rods and use a tower crane to remove the unit from the elevator shaft and lower it to the storage area

Repeat these operations with the next block of the outer wall of the elevator.

Overlap

Dismantle the formwork according to the technological map.

Safety precautions.

At the seizure, where installation work is being carried out, it is not allowed to perform other work and the presence of unauthorized persons.

Cleaning of the structural elements to be installed from dirt and ice should be carried out before lifting them.

Stay of people on structural elements during their lifting and moving is not allowed.

It is not allowed to find people under the elements to be mounted before installing them in the design position and securing them.

To make loosening of formwork blocks from assembly towers H = 2.5m (5.14 D of catalog 2617-961-89), external panels from block decks.

It is not allowed to carry out installation work at a height in open places with a wind speed of 15 m / s or more, with ice, thunderstorms, fog, excluding visibility within the work front. Work on moving formwork panels with high windage should be stopped at a wind speed of 10 m / s.

During the installation of the formwork, the installers must be on previously installed and securely fixed structures or scaffolds.

When installing panels with high windage, it is necessary to use guy wires, keeping the panel from swinging.

Every day, before starting work, the foreman (foreman) must check the condition of the assembled panels and formwork blocks, working platforms, hanging platforms and stairs.

It is prohibited to carry out welding and gas-flame work of wooden formwork without appropriate safety measures.

Perform the work in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 3.03.01-87 "Supporting and enclosing structures", SNiP 12.03-2001 part 1, SNiP 12.03-2001 part 2 "Labor safety in construction", SNiP 21.01 - 97 "Fire safety of buildings and structures" , SNiP 2.02.02-85 * "Fire safety standards".

Technological map for concrete work of a monolithic house in the formwork "PERI"

Concreting of columns, walls and ceilings should be carried out with grapples. Each floor is divided in the plan into 2 captures. The working seam is specified in the project. During the installation of the reinforcement at the border of the grips in the overlap, install a woven mesh GOST 3826-82, tying it to the reinforcement with a knitting wire. The resumption of concreting in the places of the construction of working seams is allowed when the concrete reaches a strength of 1.5 MPa. To clean the working joints from the cement film with an air jet from the compressor. It is allowed to arrange working seams - for columns and walls at the level of the bottom of the floor slab, for overlapping 3-4 or 4-5 in the middle of the span - parallel to the digital axes. In the initial period of concrete hardening, it is necessary to protect against atmospheric precipitation or moisture loss.

Before the start of concreting, the following work must be performed on each grip:

Formwork installation and alignment

Installation of fittings

An act of inspection of hidden works for the installation of fittings, embedded parts, corrugated power supply pipes, and formwork has been drawn up.

When concreting the columns, use concrete of class B 20, frost resistance grade F50; internal walls (diaphragms) - concrete of class B 20, frost resistance grade F50; elevator shafts - concrete of class B20, frost resistance grade F50; floors - concrete of class B20, frost resistance grade F50.

The movement of people on the concreted structures and the installation of the formwork of the overlying structures is allowed when the concrete reaches a strength of at least 15 MPa.

The concrete is delivered to the construction site in auto mixers. At the construction site, organize a place for receiving concrete from auto mixers in the form of two bunkers. For uniform distribution of concrete in the formwork of walls and columns, unload the concrete into funnels installed in the formwork.

Reinforcement of walls and columns to be carried out directly on the gripper manually from separate rods and frames, having previously fed the blanks with a crane to the overlap. The fixation of the frames in relation to the edges of the wall in order to form a protective layer should be carried out using clamps according to brands, depending on the diameter of the reinforcement on which it is worn and the thickness of the protective layer of concrete. Concrete placement within the work area should be done in horizontal layers with a thickness of 500 mm. When compacting the concrete mixture, the immersion depth of the vibrator should ensure its immersion into the previously laid layer by 5-10 cm. The step of repositioning the vibrators is not more than 1.5 of its radius of action. Vibrate until the end of the appearance of air bubbles on the concrete surface, vibrate especially carefully in the corners of the formwork.

Floor slab reinforcement made of frames and meshes made at the factory (reinforcement yard of the construction site). The nets and frames are transported by a tower crane to the workplace and mounted in the following sequence:

A row of bottom grids are installed

Support frames are installed

The upper grids are mounted.

The assembly of space frames into volumetric ones is carried out using a knitting wire. The fixation of the lower grids in relation to the overlap plane in order to form a protective layer is carried out using plastic clamps (TU 6-05-160-77). Simultaneously with the installation of fittings, lay horizontal PVC pipes for the passage of electrical communications. Pull the wire into the tubes before laying. Attach the tubes to the armature with a knitting wire. At the same time, all embedded parts are installed in the formwork according to the project. Laying concrete within the designated work area to be carried out to the depth of the floor thickness without breaks, with a consistent direction of laying in one direction. The height of free concrete dumping from the bunker is not more than 1m. vibrate until air bubbles appear on the concrete surface, until cement laitance appears.

Safety precautions.

The place for receiving concrete should be made with a fence on three sides, except for the side of the entrance of cars, on this side signs "Caution, possible fall" are installed.

Climb the scaffolding using inventory stairs.

When compacting the concrete mixture, it is not allowed to rest the vibrators on reinforcement and embedded products, rods and other formwork fastening elements.

Every day, before starting to place concrete in the formwork, it is necessary to check the condition of the container, formwork and paving equipment. The detected faults must be eliminated immediately.

When compacting concrete with electric vibrators, it is not allowed to move the vibrator by the current-carrying hoses, and during breaks in work and when moving from one place to another, the electric vibrators must be turned off.

Placement of equipment and materials on the formwork not provided for by the project for the production of work, as well as the presence of unauthorized persons is not allowed.

Before starting work on the installation of reinforcement, a fence should be installed on each grip on the perimeter ceiling.

8. Perform the work in accordance with the requirement of SNiP 3.03.01-87 "Bearing and enclosing structures", SNiP 12.03-2001 part 1, SNiP 12.03-2001 part 2 "Labor safety in construction", SNiP 21.01 - 97 "Fire safety of buildings and structures ”, SNiP 2.02.02-85 *“ Fire safety standards ”.

Individual and industrial construction of multi-storey monolithic buildings, bridges and overpasses is carried out using formwork ceilings. They are easy to install and allow the construction of buildings of various shapes and sizes in various climatic zones with an ambient temperature of +45 to -40 degrees C.

Formwork on volumetric racks

Types of slab formwork

The use of various types of formwork depends on the main technical characteristics of the object under construction - its withstand load, dimensions, floor heights:

• recommended for floors up to 5 meters high. They are the most economical of all formwork types and can be erected within a short period of time. The tripod base is reasonably stable and supports the main strut securely. Moisture-resistant plywood panels are placed on beams made of wood or metal profiles.
• Volumetric slab formwork props are erected at a height of up to 20 meters. Ease of installation is ensured by vertical posts connected with crossbars, flange and jack systems. By the method of installation, they are subdivided:

1. on wedge-shaped scaffolding - with a frame of horizontal and vertical racks, which can be installed at different angles, depending on the complexity of the work performed at different construction sites. The scaffolding and working ladders provide the necessary level of safety for the working personnel.
2. with cup scaffolding - allowing to install up to 4 structural elements on one level.

The device of volumetric racks

The main starting post is mounted on the jack, onto which additional posts of different lengths are fixed in the flanges. In the same flanges, horizontal girders are installed, fastening the formwork sections. Additional posts and crossbars of different lengths allow the construction of sectional groups of various sizes. The top of the structure is crowned with a jack with a fork, on which wooden or metal deck beams are attached.

The starting and additional posts are made of metal, which provides the necessary rigidity of the structure. It can be reinforced with additional special flanges installed one meter apart. Ease of installation is provided by one tapered end of the rack. The uniformity of the load distribution is guaranteed by the wedge clamps, which also increase the reliability and strength of the entire structure.

Specifications:

• Maximum height limit, m - 20.
• The minimum height limit, m - 1.5.
• Rack pitch, m - 1.0; 1.25; 1.5; 1.75; 2.0; 2.5; 3.0.
• The maximum limit of the distributed load on the girder, kg - 1200.
• Allowable turnover - 100 cycles.
• The maximum turnover is 200 cycles.
• Section height, m ​​- 0.5.

The calculation of the formwork for construction depends on the total area of ​​the building being erected and the load on the axles. For ease of installation, the distance between the racks is from 1 to 3 meters in half-meter increments. The plywood sheet is selected taking into account the trimmings to fit on the installed sites.

The advantages of volumetric slab formwork props:

• Operational safety due to rigid and reliable fastening.
• The ability to move individual units without disassembling them using lifting devices.
• Ease of assembly and disassembly with universal fasteners for the entire system.
• Most effective when working at high altitudes.
• It can be used for finishing works.
• Long-term - up to a maximum of 200 cycles.
• The ability to develop individual design solutions in construction.

Manufacturers of bulkhead formwork flooring offer not only standard sizes of all components, but also manufacture structures for construction organizations. There is an opportunity to purchase a ready-made set or rent it, which will significantly reduce the monetary costs of construction.

Regulatory documentation for slab formwork

Each manufacturer prepares its own internal standards for the production of structural elements. All components of the formwork must comply with the requirements related to products of hazard class 2 in accordance with GOST R 52085 - 2003, which must be confirmed by a certificate from the regional agency Rosstandart. The technological process of production is strictly regulated by the company's specialists at every stage.

When installing the structure and working at height, the safety requirements must be observed. All actions must be carried out in special protective clothing and using personal protective equipment. Employees must be familiar with the basic technical documentation and have work permits.

How to make volumetric formwork yourself

It is much more economical to make the formwork with your own hands when building a private house. But at the same time, it is worth considering the following nuances:

• Particular attention should be paid to the installation of support legs that carry the main load. Metal supports provide reliability, but working with them is a little more difficult than with wooden ones.
• Ensure the rigidity of the installation of the base. For this, the installation is carried out on a carefully prepared site - irregularities are tamped and wooden gaskets are laid along the axes.
• The longitudinal beams are attached to the uprights on metal corners using bolted connections.
• The cross beams do not need to be secured, but simply stacked on the longitudinal beams. This helps to facilitate the dismantling process after all work has been completed.
• With the help of braces, the support posts and longitudinal beams are fixed.
• Plywood should be laid tightly to each other, carefully watching the joints, which should be strictly on the floor beam.
• The most optimal distance between the posts is 1.5 meters.
• The alignment of the entire structure is carried out using a level or a level and a plumb line.
• The installation of each subsequent tier should be carried out after carefully fixing and checking the previous one.

For the manufacture of formwork, you can use the available lumber, but they must not be rotten and thoroughly dried from coniferous wood. The bars of the racks must have a cross section of at least 12 * 12 cm, and the beam 16 * 16 cm.

Dismantling the formwork

Dismantling work depends on the drying time of the concrete or the completion of the necessary finishing activities. In hot summer weather, the formwork can be removed after 3 - 4 days. All work is carried out in the reverse order that was carried out during assembly. The formwork can then be reused. For this, all elements should be marked, sorted and cleaned from all contaminants.

Installation and dismantling of volumetric slab formwork is a rather troublesome and complicated matter. The utmost attention and concentration is required during assembly, on which the life and health of workers can depend. But with some knowledge of the technology and the required materials, it is possible to carry out all the required work on its own in the planned time frame.

One of the first stages in the construction of structures for various purposes is the installation of formwork. This process is often overlooked. But already at the stage of preparation for pouring, it becomes clear that not everything is as simple as it was thought at first. The installation instructions for the formwork will help to assemble the frame.

Formwork types

There are three types of construction:

• Removable, which is dismantled after the solution has completely dried. Such formwork is assembled from separate parts. The result is a collapsible structure that can be dismantled and reused. Among the advantages of this type of formwork are the ease of installation, the possibility of reuse, which significantly reduces the financial costs of construction.

• Fixed, respectively, the one that is not dismantled. Installation of this type of formwork is carried out mainly from expanded polystyrene or foam. It remains part of the structure being built. And at the same time it plays the role of insulation.

• "Floating" formwork is typical for the construction of a monolithic foundation, which is immersed in the ground. It is a board assembled from boards, which is slightly higher in height than the planned concrete structure. The shield is lowered into the pit and attached to its walls. Cardboard or roofing material is rolled over it.

There are also several types, depending on the purpose:

• Wall formwork. Its installation is carried out for the construction of vertical structures and walls.

• Horizontal, which is used for the installation of foundations and ceilings.

• Curved, which allows you to fill in details of unusual shapes.

Installation and dismantling of each type of formwork has its own characteristics. You need to know them for quality work.

The advantages of permanent formwork

Installation of permanent formwork involves the purchase of a ready-made set for the performance of work. It remains only to assemble the structure and install it. This implies a number of advantages that this type of formwork has:

• short terms of work execution;

• ease of installation;

• low weight of the structure;

• resistance to the appearance of fungus and mold;

• fire safety;

• low cost.

Also, permanent formwork is at the same time a layer of insulation and is a foam block that is easily connected to each other. Moreover, the inner wall is thinner than the outer one. This achieves a high level of thermal insulation.

Erection of permanent formwork

The finished shields are attached to the corner bars with self-tapping screws or nails. The fastening must be secure. As the concrete expands, the pressure on the backboard will increase, which can lead to cracking of the boards. The main thing is that the block itself remains on the outside. In parallel to the assembled structure, another row is assembled at the distance of the future wall. As a result, you should get a frame around the entire perimeter.

A layer of crushed stone or sand is poured into the finished formwork box. This will protect the solution from moisture loss, which will go into the ground. The formwork installation technology provides for protection against the flow of mortar through the existing holes. For this, the shields are covered with a film or roofing felt, which are fastened with screws or staples using a stapler.

All work must be carried out taking into account the level. It is very important. At each stage, the evenness of the structure in height, length and vertical is checked (especially important). Two rows of shields should run strictly parallel to each other.

Basic formwork elements

Removable formwork, which is assembled independently, consists of the following elements:

• Deck, which is a flat panel that is the entire form of enclosure. The structure must be strong enough to withstand the pressure of the mortar. Therefore, it is made from plywood or edged boards with a thickness of 4-5 cm.

• Scaffolding, which are the support of the structure. They hold the walls in place, preventing the mortar from squeezing out the deck. Scaffolding is made from pine blocks or boards (2.5-5 cm).

• Fasteners are all the parts with which all structural elements are twisted: wire, clamps, ties, hardware, and so on.

The deck is most often assembled from planks 15 cm wide, which are connected in several rows using nails (driven in from the inside, bent from the outside) or self-tapping screws (they are screwed from the inside). The distance between the boards should not exceed 3 mm. The shields are fastened together with additional strips.

A simpler option for making a deck is to use moisture-resistant plywood with a thickness of 1.8-2.1 cm.

Formwork installation

The frame will be installed evenly and level if the site has been properly prepared in advance. It is marked out using cords stretched between the pegs. The sand cushion is filled up and compacted. If necessary, a pit is prepared.

The installation of the formwork takes place in the following sequence:

• The perimeter should be marked with vertical guides (wooden blocks, metal corners or pipes).

• It is required to place ready-made panels along the guides, maintaining the required distance between them (it is equal to the required thickness of the foundation).

• Fix the deck firmly. Support it from the outside with inclined beams (1 brace for each meter of deck).

• Connect the shields to each other with 5x5 cm bars.

• Cover the inner side of the formwork with a film (roofing felt).

Foundations up to 20 cm high do not require serious construction. For them, the bars driven into the ground are enough.

Installation of wall formwork

The process of erecting wall formwork is more complicated. At the same time, small-panel and large-panel formwork are distinguished.

The first option is suitable for the construction of small buildings (country houses, utility buildings) and partitions between rooms. In this case, small-sized plywood boards are used.

Installation of large-panel formwork is typical for the construction of buildings with high heights. For work, use sheets of metal or large sheets of plywood.

For the installation of the walls, a foundation is prepared into which the reinforcement is stuck. A two-row formwork frame is assembled around it. When using ordinary plywood, the joints are coated with glue or sealant. There is currently a special formwork plywood on the market. Its individual sheets are connected according to the “thorn-groove” principle, which does not require additional sealing.

Floor types

Installation of slab formwork depends on the type of slab itself. The following types of structures are distinguished:

• On bulky bowls. It is used for structures with high heights. At the same time, vertical posts, jacks, inserts, crossbars and other elements are used to connect individual parts.

• On wedge scaffolding, which are used for multi-storey buildings. Scaffolds are installed instead of plywood boards.

• On cup-type forests. This view provides for the installation of the frame. The racks are connected to each other by the cup method.

• On telescopic bowls. Suitable in cases where the floor height is less than 4.6 m. It is based on tripods that support the entire structure. Shields of moisture-resistant plywood are laid on top.

Slab formwork

Currently, the most commonly used monolithic floor. Using his example, we will analyze the process of installing the formwork.

For the formwork, vertical posts are used, interconnected by crossbars. They are attached at right angles to the bars running in the transverse direction. A plywood board is laid on these transverse beams, which is the bottom of the formwork.

To carry out these works, the following materials are used:

• rack - a bar with a cross section of 12-15 cm;

• crossbar and cross beam - edged board 16-18 cm wide and 5 cm thick;

• braces - board 3 cm thick;

• flooring - moisture resistant 1.8 cm thick.

Before starting work, it is necessary to carry out accurate calculations. It is important to determine the required number of racks, the step of their placement and other indicators.

Slab Formwork Installation Instructions

The work instruction includes the following stages:

• Longitudinal bars are attached to the upper part of the racks, the second end of which is fixed to the wall.

• The second row is assembled in the same way. For this, a board 5 cm thick is laid under the supports.

• The transverse beams are laid with a step of 60 cm.

• Support posts are installed (strictly vertically).

• The racks are interconnected with braces.

• Plywood sheets are laid on the transverse bars, leaving no gaps.

• The ends of the floor are protected by masonry from blocks or bricks.

• The frame is assembled from reinforcement. At the same time, if necessary, space is left for communications.

When all the work is done, concrete can be poured. Remove the formwork after 3 weeks.

Conclusion

The installation of each type of formwork involves the use of certain materials. If boards are used, they must be new. Rotten old boards may fail and break. Plywood should be moisture resistant or laminated.

All work is required to be performed in accordance with the calculations made. This is especially important for the installation of floor and wall formwork.

TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CARD

ROUTING
FOR INSTALLATION AND DISASSEMBLY OF THE FORMWORK OF A MONOLITHIC COVERING PLATE

1 area of ​​use

1 area of ​​use

1.1. The technological map was developed to organize the work of workers engaged in the installation and disassembly of the formwork of monolithic reinforced concrete floor slabs.

1.2. The flow chart includes the following works:

- installation of formwork;

- dismantling of the formwork.

1.3. The scope of work considered by the technological map includes:

- slinging and supply of formwork elements (frame supports, racks, tripods, uniloks, wooden beams, plywood) to the mounting horizon;

- device of formwork under the beam;

- arrangement of formwork for a balcony slab;

- the device of the formwork for the "tooth";

- the device of the formwork for the ceiling;

- the device of the formwork of the end face of the floor slab;

- arrangement of temporary barriers;

- device of projectors;

- dismantling of the formwork;

- cleaning, lubrication, storage and transportation of formwork elements.

1.4. The formwork must meet the following requirements:

- strength, invariability, correctness of shape and size;

- reliable perception of vertical and horizontal loads;

- surface density (no cracks), exclusion of cement laitance leakage through it;

- the ability to provide the required quality of the concrete surface;

- the possibility of multiple use;

- manufacturability, ease of use, the ability to quickly install and disassemble.

2. Technology and organization of work

2.1. Requirements for prior work

2.1.1. Before starting the installation of the formwork, the following works must be completed:

- prepared the base for the installation of the formwork;

- the structures of columns and walls were completed, acts of their acceptance were drawn up on the basis of an executive geodetic survey;

- elements of floor formwork were delivered and stored in the assembly area of ​​the tower crane;

- the presence, marking of formwork elements was checked;

- prepared and tested mechanisms, inventory, devices, tools;

- lighting of workplaces and construction site is arranged;

- all measures have been taken to fence openings, staircases, and the perimeter of a reinforced concrete slab in accordance with SNiP 12-03-2001 "Labor safety in construction, part 1";

- the elevation was transferred to the floor.

2.2. Work technology

Formwork installation

2.2.1. The slab formwork device begins with the supply of frame supports, telescopic racks, tripods, uniloks, wooden beams, plywood sheets to the mounting horizon, to the workplace.

2.2.2. At first, the formwork is made at a lower elevation. We begin the work with the device of the formwork for the beams.

2.2.3. In connection with the chosen formwork method, the device of a double deck, at the same time formwork is arranged under the beam, balcony slab, "tooth".

2.2.4. The installation of the formwork begins with the installation of ID15 frame supports at a distance of at least 50 mm from the edge of the slab in accordance with the placement diagram, sheets 2 and 3 of the graphic part.

Pre-set the height of the frame support (distance from the floor to the bottom of the main beam) according to the template by adjusting the screw heads and screw feet.

2.2.5. Install the main beams (wooden beam 2.9 m) on the screw heads (crown).

In accordance with cuts 1-1, 2-2, 3-3, 4-4 (sheet 5, 6 of the graphic part) and the layout of the beams (sheet 4 of the graphic part).

2.2.6. Install secondary beams (wooden beams 4.2 m) on the main beams at 400 mm spacing.

In the axes Г-Д / 1, Е-Ж / 7, where the "tooth" passes, if it is impossible to use a beam of 4.2 m (the distance between the clean walls in these places is 2900 mm and 2660 mm), install two paired beams 2 , 5 m.

2.2.7. Lay 18 mm thick laminated plywood sheets on the installed secondary beams. Thus, the lower deck is formed (mark +6.040). Nail the plywood to the wooden beams. For the plywood layout diagram, see sheet 4, as well as sheets 5 and 6 of the graphic part.

2.2.8. Level the lower deck.

2.2.9. With the help of geodetic devices, bring out the lines of the edges of the concreted beam to the lower deck for the device of the vertical deck.

2.2.10. The vertical beam deck is formed from laminated plywood strips, 300 mm wide. For dimensions and layout, see sheet 3 of the graphic part.

Connect the plywood strips with a 50x50 bar. The beam is also used to be able to nail to the lower deck and to the upper deck, see node A, sheet 5 of the graphic part.

For the stability of the vertical deck, arrange a brace from a 50x50 bar.

2.2.11. Install 2.5 m wooden beams on the lower deck.

Place a beam 82x82 under these beams (for climbing).

Under the balcony slab, wooden beams are positioned perpendicular to the concreted beam with a pitch of 400 mm, under the "tooth" along the concreted beam.

For the layout of wooden beams, see sheets 5 and 6 of the graphic part.

2.2.12. Lay laminated plywood sheets on the installed wooden beams, in accordance with the layout diagram, sheet 3 of the graphic part.

2.2.13. For the device "tooth", where the wall goes, use a bracket.

The bracket is secured with a tie.

A 100x100 bar is laid on the bracket.

Laminated plywood is attached to the timber.

For a diagram of the deck device, see section 6-6 and 7-7 sheet 7 of the graphic part.

For a diagram of the placement of brackets for forming a tooth, see sheet 2 of the graphic part.

2.2.14. Formwork device under the floor slab.

In accordance with the layout diagram (sheet 2 of the graphic part) measure with a meter and mark with chalk the places where the racks are installed.

Start by installing the outermost racks under the main beams, at a distance of 4.0 m along the letter axes.

The distance between the posts along the digital axes corresponds to the spacing of the main beams.

2.2.15. Insert the univil into the rack. Push the rack apart according to the template to the length set by the height to the main (lower) beam. Place the stand and unfasten it with a tripod.

2.2.16. Install the main beams (4,2 m wooden beams) on the installed and unfastened racks using a mounting fork. The spacing of the main beams is 1.5 m.

2.2.17. Install the secondary beams (timber beams 3.3 m) on the main beams using a mounting fork without fixing. The pitch of the secondary beams is 0.40 m.

2.2.18. Lay laminated plywood sheets on the secondary beams, close to each other so that the gaps between them are no more than 2 mm. The first plywood sheets are fed from the concrete floor, after laying at least 12 sheets, the plywood is fed to the arranged deck.

Sheets and strips of plywood along the outer perimeter are fastened with nails to the secondary beams in order to avoid overturning.

Plywood layout diagram, see sheet 3 of the graphic part.

2.2.19. Plywood sheets suitable for the under-beam formwork should be laid last after the vertical beam deck has been installed.

2.2.20. For the convenience of formwork installation (as well as dismantling), cut a standard plywood sheet into pieces of 2440x610 mm.

2.2.21. In non-multiple places, it is recommended to use ordinary plywood impregnated with an emulsion for lubrication.

2.2.22. The cut points of film faced plywood become susceptible to moisture and are subject to moisture resistant treatment (melted paraffin wax, two coats of primer).

2.2.23. The deck surface must be leveled.

2.2.24. After installing the deck of the floor slab, balcony slab, "tooth", arrange a side with a height equal to the thickness of the ceiling.

The slab end formwork is performed as follows.

The line of the end of the slab is carried out, strips of plywood with a width equal to the height of the ceiling are attached to the deck along the line. In order to avoid overturning of the end, arrange a brace from a 50x50 bar.

2.2.25. Use universal fences that are attached to timber beams to create a temporary fence. Install the fence posts, with a step of not more than 1200 mm, insert the fence boards into the posts of the posts.

2.2.26. The device of the projectors. The projectors are made of film faced plywood. The size of the openings on the outer edges corresponds to the dimensions of the opening in the floor slab. The projectors are installed in the design position and nailed to the deck of the floor slab.

GOSSTROY USSR

CENTRAL RESEARCH
AND DESIGN AND EXPERIMENTAL
INSTITUTE OF ORGANIZATION, MECHANIZATION
AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO CONSTRUCTION
(TsNIIOMTP)

ROUTING
FOR INSTALLATION AND DISMANTLING OF THE FORMWORK
WALLS AND COVERINGS

The album contains a technological map for the production of formwork during the construction of monolithic walls and ceilings of a typical floor using the example of a 16-storey building in Leningrad.

The technological map is intended for engineering and technical workers of construction organizations.

The technological map was developed by employees of TsNIIOMTP Gosstroy of the USSR (Ph.D. B.V. Zhadanovsky, N.I. Evdokimov, L.A. Zueva, Yu.A. Yarymov, etc.).

The technological map is intended to determine the technical and economic indicators of the construction of monolithic structures at the design stage, as well as for a comparative technical and economic assessment of the structural and technological solutions of residential buildings in normal construction conditions.

Technical and economic indicators (labor costs, wages and output per worker per shift) are compiled for formwork when constructing walls and floors of different thicknesses using large-panel formwork for walls or small-panel and large-panel formwork for floors based on the developed technological maps for a 16-storey (typical project 1-528KP-82-1v) houses in Leningrad.

All indicators determined according to the current ENiR for the conditions of erection of buildings with a height of 50 m are recalculated for buildings with a different number of storeys using coefficients that take into account the change in the labor intensity of work.

When developing the map, the most characteristic monolithic structures were selected, therefore the data presented can be used to develop a technology for the production of work in the construction of buildings of various architectural, planning and design solutions.

MOUNTING AND DISMANTLING OF WALL FORMWORK AND FLOORS

1 AREA OF USE

1.1... The technological map was developed for the production of formwork during the construction of monolithic walls and ceilings of a typical floor using the example of a residential 16-storey building in Leningrad.

1.2... The composition of the works considered by the map includes: enlargement of formwork panels; delivery of the formwork to the installation site; installation of formwork; dismantling of the formwork.

1.3... The work is carried out in 2 shifts.

2. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF THE CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

2.1... Before the installation of the large-panel formwork, the following work must be performed: breakdown of the axes of the walls; leveling the surface of the floors; checking the completeness of the delivered formwork; enlarged assembly of panels; cleaning the floor from debris.

2.2... The elements of the large-panel formwork are transported in the following positions:

modular panels - by size in a horizontal position, 10 - 15 pcs. on wooden pads;

brackets, railings, ties - in a special wooden container;

small units and details - also in wooden containers.

2.3... The elements of the large-panel formwork that arrived at the construction site are placed in the crane's operating area.

2.4... The wall formwork is installed in two stages: first, the formwork is mounted on one side of the wall to the entire height of the floor, and after the reinforcement is installed, on the second side.

2.5... Small-panel formwork on telescopic racks and large-panel formwork were used for the construction of floors.

2.6... The finished formwork is checked and accepted by the foreman or the contractor. Upon acceptance, the following are subject to mandatory verification: conformity of the shape and geometrical dimensions to the working drawings; the coincidence of the axes of the formwork with the center axes of the structures; the accuracy of the marks of the individual formwork planes; vertical and horizontal formwork panels; correct installation of embedded parts and wooden plugs; the density of the docking of the shields.

The correctness of the position of the vertical planes is verified with a plumb line, and horizontality - with a level or level.

Deviations in the dimensions and position of the formwork elements should not exceed the tolerances specified in SNiP 3.03.01-87 "Supporting and enclosing structures".

riggers 2 bit - 2