Frame house spans of floors. Constructive solutions in the design and construction of frame houses

It is its most important element.

Its main purpose is to divide the building into floors and ensure its high degree of stability.

Interfloor overlap includes the main support beam, floor frame and floor decking. The interfloor flooring becomes a subfloor, ready for fine finishing.

Some design requirements

There are various requirements, but the main ones are the following:

1. The structure must have a high degree strength, since the load on the floor is significant. In another way, this is called the bearing capacity of the structure.
2. The overlap must be sufficiently rigid; during operation, deflection of the overlap under the weight of people and furniture is not allowed.
3. High degree, due to which extraneous sounds and noise do not penetrate into the rooms of the upper and lower floors.
4. Good floor insulation is especially important when dividing rooms with large temperature differences.
5. The fire resistance of the ceiling is of great importance for the operation of the frame house. Special compliance standards have been created fire safety, which should be taken into account during the construction of interfloor ceilings.
6. Economy also plays an important role, which lies in the fact that the floors should be of small volume, not thick and not too heavy.

In total, there are two options for creating interfloor ceilings:

• cover will be included truss system frame house;
• the ceiling will be a single platform, on the surface of which an attic or the second floor of a frame house will be created.

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Features of such devices

The design of the beam interfloor ceiling on wooden beams: a-sections; b-prefabricated shield reel; pre-fabricated shield rolling from a continuous row of longitudinal boards with boards or slabs nailed to them in the transverse direction: 1 clean floor; 2 crates; 3 lags every 7-8 cm; 4 calcined sand or thermal insulation boards; 5 clay grease up to 2 cm thick; 6 bars; 7 prefabricated shield roll 5 cm thick; 8 plastering on shreds or wire mesh; 9 planks; 10 - slabs; 11 nails.

The floor platform of a frame house is built from the same materials and using the same methods as the platform of the lower floor. If the frame walls of the house were made perfectly even, then this stage of construction will be completed without much difficulty and very quickly.

Since the structure forms the frame of the upper floor and provides it with special strength, it is necessary to reinforce the lag, which will become a support for the internal frame walls.

For this purpose, multi-component beams are used. After the lags of the interfloor overlap are installed, they proceed to the dismantling of the boards and struts, with the help of which the walls of the frame house were leveled.

You should pay attention to the fact that you should not be afraid of the fact that after the frame house is fully assembled, it can sway under the gusts of wind. The defect will be completely eliminated after the house cladding is completed.

Sometimes the design of a frame house is designed in such a way that the lags of the interfloor overlap must be involved in the truss system. In this case, the following negative aspects may occur:

Interfloor structure: 1. Chipboard; 2. Frame; 3. Rock wool insulation; 4. Vapor barrier; 5. Lathing; 6. stone wool; 7. Drywall or decorative board.

• may decrease significantly thermal insulation layer along the outer perimeter of the frame house, which, in turn, will lead to the formation of cold bridges;
• it will be necessary to think over the ventilation system of the under-roof space where there is a pairing of lag floors and rafters;
• at the time of the construction of the truss system, a temporary flooring is installed from sheets of plywood or boards.

When choosing a building material for a log of an interfloor overlap, one should take into account the features of the operation of the premises located above the overlap. If it be unheated non-residential attic, then you can use boards of a small section. For residential attic room or a full-fledged floor, the logs should be of the same section as the boards of the lower room.

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Floor load-bearing beams ( beam ceiling): 1 bottom trim; 2 extreme beam; 3 wall beam; 4 intermediate beam; 5 strip concrete foundation.

Interfloor ceilings for a frame house are carried out on a strapping, which is installed horizontally, and attached to it with nails. If in wooden house a large span is planned, then it is best to use glued beams.

1. can serve as both ceiling support and floor joist. The erected structure has a simple form. Boards are laid on the beams, and Bottom part sheathed with plasterboard. Floor boards in thickness should be at least 1/20 of the length of the gap between the beams. The space between the wooden beams is laid with sound and heat insulating materials.
2. At the base of interfloor wooden floors there are beams that must be supported on bearing walls frame house.
3. For the manufacture of beams, a log is used, which is sawn into four parts with a thickness of 70-80 mm. For wooden floors, you can use paired boards with a thickness of 50 mm.
4. Between themselves wooden planks connected either with metal staples or nails. wooden beams for floors have a low cost, are easy to install, have excellent thermal insulation properties, their service life can reach 50 years, after which they will need a major overhaul.

Mineral wool has a low degree of thermal conductivity and is a natural material.

Since the beams are made of wood, which is a combustible material and is subject to the destructive effects of rot and fungus. To prevent backfire, it is necessary to process the material with various antiseptic and anti-foam agents.

The design of the beam ceiling is impossible without sound and heat insulation. Of great importance for the future operation of the house is, which can be both internal and external.

For this purpose, materials such as:

• mineral wool;
• perlite;
• slag;
• Styrofoam;
• dry sand;
• expanded clay;
• shavings, sawdust, tree leaves, straw and many others.

Most Preferred heat-insulating material is mineral wool, which has a low degree of thermal conductivity and is a natural natural material.

Among other things, this insulation is very light, unlike other materials, it "breathes" and is very easy to install.

Good afternoon, dear frame builders!

I did not find a similar topic by searching, so I decided to create it myself.
Often the question flashes on the forum, how to do it, how to block the span what is the length. Sometimes the questioner simply does not have enough experience, sometimes some kind of hint or fresh thought is enough for him, sometimes you need help choosing from several options, sometimes you need to do an educational program and warn a person from dangerous mistakes. All of this is scattered across different topics, and finding a problem like yours is not easy enough.
Let's help each other here on flooring issues, then it will be possible in one place and look at some kind of knowledge base, and ask your question on the overlapping of a frame house.
Minimum information to ask a question:
1) Plan of the house.
2) Span dimensions
3) What will happen at the top - what is the load on the floor
4) What is the difficulty with this overlap, what would you like and why it doesn’t work.

I need help optimizing overlap in frame house.

Here is the main topic about my construction:
At this stage, UWB is done, I draw a frame project in SketchUp.

Here is the layout:

So far, the frame of the 1st floor has been preliminarily drawn:

Rack spacing 500 (optimized for OSB, since as an ecowool insulation, inside the drywall will be horizontal crate). Yes, and step 600 seems to me a bit too much for 1.5 storey building. I want it to be strong)
Racks external walls- 150x40, internal - 100x40. I plan to sheathe OSB, so no jibs.

Here is the construction of a typical wall:

Maybe something catches your eye, write.

The plan shows that the house has one trouble spot- living room, span 4900 mm. There is also an opening for the stairs in this room, size 1100x2350 mm.

Task: Make the floor of the first floor, taking into account that it will be higher residential attic, and on the floor there will be 40mm screeds.

Due to the small experience in designing such structures, I did not succeed in solving this problem with a swoop. More precisely, it turned out, and most likely it will work, but I feel that this is not very best option with a huge waste of material:

In the sketch, the walls are marked with red lines, the beams are drawn with blue lines, the yellow square is a retaining pillar that holds the stairs and supports the ceiling.

The step of the beams is 400 mm, the size of the beams is 50x250.
Such a step and size (according to the calculator) is needed to overlap long span In a living room.
But, it is redundant on the other spans.
And, although the stock might not be superfluous, it is difficult to find logs of this size for sawing 50x250 boards in such quantities (at least in our region). Yes, and I didn’t want to bury money anywhere, if it can be done cheaper, and the result will be good.

What outputs do I see:
1) Reformat the floor completely, radically changing the direction of the beams, their sections and pitch, possibly adding additional load-bearing elements. Here I need your help, because so far I don’t have a good option in my head.
2) Change the step of the beams, adjusting it for spans. Then the ends of the bylok will not converge so beautifully in the middle of the house, they will overlap and burst with bridges.
3) Change the height of the beams. Then it is not clear how to make the same floor height on the second floor. In principle, it is possible to replace part of the beams with 200s, and in the places of support, lay flat a board 50 mm thick in order to reach the same height as 250s. Then the breeches will be beautifully sewn up.
4) is there any other option?

Thanks in advance to everyone who cares

Wooden buildings today occupy in the area of ​​private housing construction quite a wide niche. Due to the fact that wood is a traditionally available building material in our country, the cost of such buildings is low. Technologically, the tree is a very convenient and practical material. New technologies have made it possible to create ready-made structural elements, frame panels, from which in a matter of days you can assemble a full-fledged residential building. frame houses have become a kind of know-how in the field of private housing construction, enabling people to build affordable, comfortable and affordable housing.

All materials, except for the foundation, in such a building are made of wood or made from wood. Ready for subsequent assembly directly on the construction site of the house provide assembly quick installation and house assembly. Having a solid and durable frame, you can engage in interior decoration, using for this purpose all the materials and components available today. Of particular interest is the aspect related to the equipment of the ceiling part in a prefabricated house. What should be the ceiling inside the frame house due to the lack of massive and durable ceilings in the building. This and many other aspects put forward certain requirements for the design of the ceiling.

Consider options for solving the problem that can be used in the case of frame houses.

What is a ceiling in a frame house

The ceiling for any home, building and structure is one of the most basic structures. Frame houses in this case are no exception. As in an ordinary wooden house, the presence of a frame does not relieve the owners of the building from the need to make a beautiful, durable and reliable ceiling. First of all, a well-made ceiling structure provides good heat conservation inside the house. Secondly and thirdly, the ceiling performs an aesthetic function, creating the necessary comfort and coziness inside the living quarters.

On a note: the lack of a properly made ceiling in a frame house will negate all the measures taken to heat a residential facility. The ceiling creates a reliable barrier between the attic unheated space and interior spaces. For residential buildings with flat roof, the ceiling is a key element that provides additional rigidity to the entire structure and the necessary thermal insulation.

In most cases, projects block houses have attic floors. Often attics can be used, the floors in which also play the role of elements of a single heat-insulating circuit. Attic floors - the main element of one-story frame houses, while attic options are the prerogative of cottages and country houses. Usually the attic is a living space, but in some cases it is used for domestic purposes or for recreation. In both cases, to give the frame building the appearance of a full-fledged residential facility, it will require the installation of ceilings.

In buildings such as frame houses, beam-type ceilings are used. To make a ceiling in such a building, you need to consider whole line technological nuances. Frame assembly involves the use of floor beams of a certain section, as well as with the necessary laying step.

For one-story buildings with an attic floor, the optimal beam section is 50x100 mm. Frame houses with two tiers can be equipped with more massive beam structures.

On a note: the construction of frame houses from timber in several levels is allowed only if there are lower floors made of stone. The higher the building, the greater the load on the load-bearing walls and partitions. Accordingly, the cross section of the beams of interfloor ceilings increases.

Existing building standards frame type limit the options for mounting ceiling structures, if we are talking about a one-story building. As a rule, the following types of ceilings are used in frame houses:

• false ceilings, under panels or for painting;
• dropped ceilings;
• tension structures.

Due to the fact that in frame houses the rooms usually do not have a height of more than 240-260 cm, in the process of finishing they try to focus on hemmed ceilings. This allows you to save the internal volume of living space. If the house project does not have significant height restrictions, you can use suspended structures.

Technological subtleties and nuances for the ceiling in a frame house

For living quarters in a frame house, the installation of a ceiling differs in a number of aspects. The insulation of the ceiling part was mentioned earlier. Attic floor is the basis, representing a plank shield. The rough base provides the necessary strength to the structure, and is done first. Due to the layer cake, the necessary insulation of the floor is achieved. Later, the entire space between the beams is filled from the inside with mineral wool or polystyrene foam to insulate the entire structure. The ceiling in a frame house already plays an aesthetic role, masking the layer cake from the inside and hiding the entire main structure.

At this stage, a wide field for imagination and maneuver opens up. When working with ceilings in frame structures, you can use the most convenient and common materials. The reason is as follows.

Unlike wooden structure, where shrinkage in the first year is 8-10%, frame structure devoid of such a disadvantage. The whole reason is that only dried and treated wood is used to make assembly panels. This feature is very convenient for use as a finish for light and durable finishing materials. Having covered the insulation layer with a film as a vapor barrier, you can freely begin the installation of drywall sheets and other materials on floor beams. If desired, electrical wiring and lighting equipment can be hidden in the existing inter-beam space.

In addition to drywall, for finishing ceiling structure commonly used:

• grooved boards, the thickness of which does not exceed 3 cm;
• lining;
• MDF boards;
• plastic panels.

On the video, you can get acquainted in detail with the process that represents the equipment and installation of the ceiling in frame houses.

Assessing the information seen, a conclusion suggests itself. Making the ceiling in the house with your own hands is a task quite within our power.

What materials for ceilings in frame buildings should be emphasized

Taking into account the specifics of frame houses and the installation technology, we can say that the installation of the ceiling part is directly related to the work on the equipment of the wooden floor. As a rule, such structures do not require the use of special lifting mechanisms. A trained team of installers is able to assemble a turnkey frame house, including installation floor covering and ceiling.

For the manufacture of ceilings are used wooden beam. Required dimensions beams, span width and allowable distance between beams are given in the table. Data is in meters.

Edged tongue-and-groove boards made of coniferous species, the thickness of which reaches 30 mm, are being used. Racks are made of timber, the cross section of which is 100x80 mm. For installation, fastening equipment is used - construction brackets and nails, the length of which is slightly greater than the thickness of the ceiling board. All installation must be carefully thought out and done strictly in accordance with the project. Otherwise, there is a risk of collapse of the wooden floor when working with the ceiling.

For the design of the ceiling part, you can use modern building materials. The technology of ceiling sheathing in a frame house is available and not difficult. The most common are the following options ceiling finishes in frame construction:

• stretch ceilings can be made of fabric or film material;
• drywall, which allows you to quickly level the rough base and create multi-level structures;
• lining, MDF boards, with which they are made;
• ceiling plastic panels used for bathrooms and utility rooms, technical rooms;
• fiberboard boards.

The last option is the cheapest and most affordable, as well as working with drywall. The economic factor in this regard is one of the most important. Modern projects frame country houses and country houses designed for quick assembly of the building and its readiness for subsequent operation. The cost of such a construction is not commensurate with the costs that may arise when installing ceilings made of expensive wood.

Conclusion

Studying information about the types of ceilings for frame buildings and methods of finishing, the following conclusions arise. The house must be designed in one specific style and the ceilings in this regard are the place for the implementation of the project idea. Complex design in this case, it does not make sense, since in most cases frame houses have non-residential attic space. The absence of a large load on the ceiling part allows you to mount ceilings from the most affordable and convenient finishing materials.

In order to make the house as safe and environmentally friendly as possible, it is better to focus on drywall. This material is not combustible and in addition to everything, plasterboard ceilings can be painted in any color, observing a certain style of the interior.

Overlapping in a frame house is the basis of the strength and reliability of the entire structure. It divides the building into floors, provides it with sufficient stability and durability. Interfloor overlap in a frame house is a layer cake, consisting of load-bearing structures, insulating and insulation materials. Considering that the interfloor overlap in a residential building is a floor and a ceiling at the same time, this pie includes Decoration Materials. Many novice builders do not know exactly how to make a high-quality second floor ceiling in a frame house. Indeed, this is a rather responsible process that requires compliance with certain building technologies.

A construction cake in the form of a floor slab will only serve for a long time and with high quality if all the rules for its installation are followed.

These rules are:

1. High load bearing capacity designs. The calculation should be done for the maximum load on the plate. It must withstand the weight of people and furniture without damage and deformation, and withstand strong gusts of wind.
2. Sufficient rigidity. The floor slab of a frame house should not bend when walking on it, carrying even very heavy loads. To do this, you need to correctly calculate the length, width and thickness ceiling beams, methods of their attachment to the strapping and piers.
3. Sufficient level of sound insulation. This is necessary so that the inhabitants of the first floor do not experience discomfort from the noise on the second level.
4. Fire resistance. When creating a floor slab cake, you should choose materials that do not support combustion, which prevent the spread of fire across the floors.
5. Low thermal conductivity. This quality is necessary when one floor is not used for living. A well-thought-out interfloor design in a frame house will protect the residential level from heat in summer and from cold in winter.
6. Ease. Frame houses have limited strength. The basement ceiling can simply collapse under the pressure of the walls and a massive slab. For its construction, you need to choose high-quality and lightweight materials.

During construction, excessively thick floor slabs between levels should not be made. Their insulating qualities must correspond given parameter at the shield walls.

The largest load is carried by the beams, which are mounted on a horizontal strapping installed on top of the first tier. Fasten the first floor trim frame structure better nails. They are much stronger than self-tapping screws, able to withstand a strong horizontal load. Over time, the tree shrinks and decreases in volume. The nails ensure that the timber slides down to the bottom layer. In the case of self-tapping screws remain big gaps that need to be constantly caulked.

As for the insulation, it is recommended to use basalt wool. It is a light and elastic material with incredibly low thermal conductivity and fire resistance. The cake, in which mineral wool is laid, has a small weight and excellent soundproofing characteristics. Despite the fact that this insulation has a low hygroscopicity, it is recommended to insulate it with a membrane film to protect it from moisture.

From below the floor slab is sheathed sheet material. The most simple and in an inexpensive way to make the ceiling is considered to be the use of drywall. It is easy to process and lightweight material. Floor beams can be sheathed with plywood or OSB. The lining and block house look beautiful. Stretch ceiling look impressive, but these products are impractical. Access to the space between them and the floor slab is extremely difficult. If rodents or insects settle in this space, then property owners are waiting serious problems and expenses. The most effective in terms of cost, ease of installation and maintenance are plastic panels. This design is installed, dismantled and put back in a matter of hours.

On the beam ceiling of the second floor can be laid floorboard, OSB, laminate and thick plywood. The choice should be made in favor of a material that has the best performance characteristics and moisture resistance.

Mounting sequence

To build a high-quality and durable floor, you need to know how to calculate the thickness and frequency of the beams. After that, it remains to calculate the total need for building materials and get to work. When making calculations, one should be guided by SNiP. If in doubt, they should be interpreted in the direction of increasing hardness and strength.

Arrangement of interfloor floor slab according to frame walls carried out in the following sequence:

1. Cross beams are screwed onto the strapping. If the girders are longer than 400 cm, then glued boards should be used. In the manufacture of long runs, the boards are fastened together with an overlay of 75-80 cm.
2. Logs are fixed to the beams and on the strapping. Fixation is carried out with long nails and on metal corners. The interval between the lags is 50-58 cm, depending on which material is chosen as a heater.
3. The lower part of the frame is upholstered with a membrane film. Sheets of plywood, OSB or raw wooden surface. This will be the basis for the insulation and finishing of the ceiling.
4. A heater is placed in the frame. All cracks are carefully sealed. The recommended thickness of thermal insulation is 10 cm. A vapor barrier film is fixed over the insulation with a construction stapler.
5. The frame filled with insulation is covered with boards or wood boards - they will be the subfloor of the second floor.

The final step is fine finish gender. The choice of material is determined by the purpose and style of finishing the entire room, the taste and financial capabilities of its owners.

Overlapping in the house is its most important element. This is not only a building divider into floors, but also a floor for the second floor, which often experiences heavy loads. Therefore, the overlap should be light on the one hand, like other parts of the frame house, and on the other hand, sufficiently reliable.

The necessary qualities of this element

What to pay attention to when building a ceiling for a frame house? What qualities should it have?

1. Ease. Since frame houses are considered light buildings, a light foundation is placed under them. To reduce the load on the foundation, the ceiling is also made lightweight. The main material for such houses is traditionally considered wood. It is better to choose conifers for frame construction, since a beam or board made of coniferous species is less prone to bending in places where forces are applied to them.
2. Rigidity. The floor structure must be rigid. Its deformations, bends, deflections, etc. are not allowed. It is to improve the rigidity parameters of the boards used in construction that they are placed with an edge.
3. Strength. If it is assumed that the weight of the second floor of the frame building will be large enough, Special attention strength should be given. Often it is necessary to use not just timber, but glued. It has the necessary margin of safety, therefore it is preferable. If you want to use a board, use elements from three connected boards. If we compare the strength of three connected boards and one piece of timber of the same thickness, then the construction of the boards will be more durable.

Do not forget that the logs for the floor of the second floor must be made necessarily reinforced, and it is imperative to lay a mesh or reinforcement in the screed. This will reduce the deformation of the overlap. Boards or timber must be processed. If you buy flooring timber already treated with a thin layer of wax, you need to be extremely careful when laying them. Place something on top of the treated wood if you need to walk on it. This will keep the treatment from abrasion, and you will not slip on a sufficiently slippery surface.

Construction methods: what are the options

There are several types of floors that are suitable for a frame house. They differ from the material from which they are created, and from the design itself. Let's consider all the ways.

1. Most often, for the construction of floors, a solid beam with sheathing with oriented strand boards (OSB) is used. Glued, more durable, timber can also be used.
2. The second way to make floors is to use an I-beam made of wood with OSB sheathing.
3. You can use a wooden prefabricated truss, which is also sheathed with OSB.
4. Due to the lightness of the device, “Sandwich” gained great popularity - panels that are complemented by a strapping made of calibrated timber.
5. In addition to wood, you can use metal beams from a cold-rolled bent profile, which in terms of its parameters is an order of magnitude stronger than wood.
6. Another way to use metal is to install floors from a metal prefabricated truss based on a bent profile.

All of these methods have their pros and cons.

Staged creation

So where to start building? First of all, you should pay attention to the strapping. The strapping is the platform on which the boards or timber for the floor will be laid. During the strapping device in the upper beam, we make the so-called nests. It is in them that the timber from the floor will be laid.

If you have a staircase going to the second floor according to the plan, you need to note its location. Using timber or connected boards, we make a floor frame, bypassing the opening under the stairs. We connect with metal corners, which give rigidity to the connection. It is believed that the use of self-tapping screws loses in reliability with a nail connection, however, the use of self-tapping screws saves time. So, securely with the help of nails and corners we attach the floor beam to the upper harness.

We waterproof the resulting floor frame in the house on both sides, for which we use either a film or a membrane.

Since when using two-story house the issue of sound insulation is acute, it is necessary to use a sound, heat, waterproofing polymer. To date, this is the most modern material for floors, and the thinnest.

If you want to improve thermal insulation between floors of a frame building, you can also use mineral wool or polystyrene, but this is not always financially rational.

The surface of the floor and ceiling is formed by sheets of chipboard or OSB, which are laid on logs. Logs should, if possible, also go along the upper harness. flooring from OSB boards or fiberboard must be at least 2 cm thick. They are screwed on with screws.

If you do not want to mess with the frame construction of ceilings in the house, pay attention to SIP panels. The panels are already finished structure, which on both sides consists of OSB-3, and inside contains polystyrene foam insulation.

In frame construction, SIP panels are used as walls, but they can also be used as floors. These are special reinforced panels with an increased threshold of rigidity and strength.

Also don't forget that concrete screed enhances sound transmission in the house, so it is better not to use it for the second floor of a frame building. In this regard, porous substances, the same expanded clay, prevent the spread of sounds much better.